Pan American Games

Multi-sport event of the Americas

Pan American Games

Games

* 1951
* 1955
* 1959
* 1963
* 1967
* 1971
* 1975
* 1979
* 1983
* 1987
* 1991
* 1995
* 1999
* 2003
* 2007
* 2011
* 2015
* 2019
* 2023

Pan American GamesAbbreviation| Pan Am Games

|

First event| 1951 Pan American Games in Buenos Aires, Argentina
Occur every| Four years
Last event| 2023 Pan American Games in Santiago, Chile
Next event| 2027 Pan American Games in Lima, Peru
Purpose| Multi-sport event for nations in the American continents
Olympic Games

Main topics

* Bids
* Boycotts
* Ceremonies
* Charter
* Doping
* Host cities
* IFs
* IOC
* Medal
* Medal tables
* Medalists
* NOCs
* Olympism
* Pierre de Coubertin Medal
* Scandals and controversies
* Sports
* Symbols
* Television
* Torch relays
* Venues
* Women participation

Games

* Summer
* Winter
* Youth
* Esports

Regional games

* African
* Asian
* European
* Pacific
* Pan American

Defunct games

* Ancient
* Esports Series
* Intercalated

* v
* t
* e

The Pan American Games, known as the Pan Am Games, is a continental multi-sport event in the Americas first held in 1951. It features thousands of athletes participating in competitions to win different summer sports. It is held among athletes from nations of the Americas, every four years, the year before Summer Olympics. It is the second-oldest continental games in the world. The only Winter Pan American Games were held in 1990. In 2021, the Junior Pan American Games was held for the first time specifically for young athletes.[1][2][3][4] The Pan American Sports Organization is the governing body of the Pan American Games movement, whose structure and actions are defined by the Olympic Charter.[5]

The most recent event was the XIX Pan American Games, held in Santiago from 20 October to 5 November 2023.[6] The XX Pan American Games will be held in 2027. Since the XV Pan American Games in 2007, host cities are contracted to manage both the Pan American and Parapan American Games,[5] in which athletes with physical disabilities compete with one another. The Parapan American Games are held immediately following the Pan American Games.

The Pan American Games Movement consists of international sports federations, National Olympic Committees recognized by PASO, and organizing committees for each specific Pan American Games. As the decision-making body, PASO is responsible for choosing the host city for each Pan American Games. The host city is responsible for organizing and funding a celebration of the Games consistent with the Olympic Charter and rules. The Pan-Am Games program, consisting of the sports to be contested at the Games, is determined by PASO. The celebration of the Games encompasses many rituals and symbols, such as the flag and torch, and the opening and closing ceremonies. Over 5,000 athletes compete at the Pan American Games in 36 sports and nearly 400 events. The first, second, and third-place finishers in each event receive gold, silver, and bronze medals, respectively.[7]

## History

[edit]

### Early games

[edit]

The idea of holding a Pan American Games was first raised at the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, where Latin American representatives of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) suggested that a competition among all the countries in the Americas should be created.[8] During the Pan-American Exposition at Dallas in 1937, a limited sports program was staged. These included athletics, boxing and wrestling, among others. This program was considered a success and a meeting of Olympic officials from the Americas was held.[9][10]

At the first Pan American Sports Congress, held in Buenos Aires in 1940, the participants decided that the first games should be held in Buenos Aires in 1942. The plans had to be postponed because of World War II. A second Pan American Sports Congress held in London during the 1948 Summer Olympics reconfirmed Buenos Aires as the choice of host city for the inaugural games, which were held in 1951. The games began on February 25[11] of that year, and offered 18 sports.[8] Countries and territories that were part of the Commonwealth of Nations such as Canada did not compete at the first Pan American Games.[12] The second games were held in Mexico City, Mexico. Competitions started on March 12 and included 2,583 athletes from 22 countries, competing in 17 sports.[13] The Pan American Games have subsequently been held every four years.[13]

### Recent games

[edit]

The welcome centre at the 2015 Pan American Games athletes' village.

While the inaugural 1951 Games hosted 2,513 participants representing 14 nations, the 2019 Pan American Games involved 6,680 competitors from 41 countries.[14] During the games most athletes and officials are housed in the Pan American Games village. This village is intended to be a self-contained home for all the participants. It is furnished with cafeterias, health clinics, and locations for religious expression.[15]

PASO allows nations to compete that do not meet the strict requirements for political sovereignty that other international organizations demand. As a result, colonies and dependencies are permitted to set up their own National Olympic Committees. This includes territories such as Puerto Rico and Bermuda, which compete as separate nations despite being under the jurisdiction of another power.[16]

### Winter Pan American Games

[edit]

Main article: 1990 Winter Pan American Games

Las Leñas, Argentina, hosted the only Pan American Winter Games.

There have been attempts to hold Winter Pan American Games throughout the history of the games, but these have had little success.[17] The organizers of the 1951 Pan American Games in Buenos Aires planned to stage winter events later in the year, but dropped the idea due to lack of interest.[18] Another difficulty is that the Americas cover both hemispheres, which creates scheduling issues related to reverse seasons.

Lake Placid, New York tried to organize Winter Games in 1959, but again not enough countries expressed interest. The plans were eventually cancelled.[17]

In 1988, members of PASO voted to hold the first Pan American Winter Games at Las Leñas, Argentina in September 1989. It was further agreed that Winter Games would be held every four years. But lack of snow forced the postponement of the games until 16–22 September 1990,[17] when only eight countries sent 97 athletes to Las Leñas. Of that total, 76 were from just three countries: Argentina, Canada, and the United States. Weather was unseasonably warm and again there was little snow, so only three Alpine Skiing events were staged: the Slalom, Giant Slalom, and Super G. The United States and Canada won all 18 medals between them.

PASO awarded the second Pan American Winter Games to Santiago, Chile for 1993. The United States warned that it would not take part unless a full schedule of events was held. The Santiago organizing committee eventually gave up on planning the Games after the United States Olympic Committee declined to participate, and the idea has not been revived since.[17]

### Junior Pan American Games

[edit]

Main article: Junior Pan American Games

On 16 January 2019 PASO announced the creation of the Junior Pan American Games. This event, inspired by the Youth Olympic Games, is exclusively for athletes who are under 21 years of age, with fewer requirements on infrastructure and cost.[4][2][1]

For the first edition of the games, Panam Sports accepted candidate cities until 31 January. Cali, Colombia; Santa Ana, El Salvador; and Monterrey, Mexico were accepted as candidate cities.[19] Cali was chosen as the host city at the Executive Committee in San José, Costa Rica on 27 March 2019.[20]

Panam Sports chose Asunción, Paraguay as the host for the 2025 Junior Pan American Games.[21] Asunción received 32 out of 48 votes, while Santa Marta, Colombia received the remaining 16 votes.

## Pan American Sports Organization

[edit]

Main article: Panam Sports

The Pan American Games Movement encompasses a number of national and international sporting organizations and federations, recognized media partners, athletes, officials, judges, and every other person and institution that agrees to abide by the rules of the Olympic Charter (which is the same as PASO's charter).[22] As the umbrella organization of the Olympic Movement, PASO is responsible for selecting the host city, overseeing the planning of the Pan American Games, updating and approving the sports program, and negotiating sponsorship and broadcasting rights.[7]

The Pan American Games Movement is made of three major elements:

* International Federations (IFs) are the governing bodies that supervise a sport at an international level. For example, the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA) is the IF for football (soccer), and the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB) is the international governing body for volleyball. There are currently 36 IFs in the Pan American Games Movement, representing each of the Pan American Games sports.[23]
* National Olympic Committees (NOCs) represent and regulate the Pan American Games movement within each country. For example, the United States Olympic Committee (USOC) is the NOC of the United States. There are currently 41 NOCs recognized by PASO.
* Organizing Committees for the Pan America Games (PAOGs) constitute the temporary committees responsible for the organization of a specific celebration of the Pan American Games. PAOGs are dissolved after each Games, once the final report is delivered to PASO.

Spanish and English are the official languages of the Pan American Games Movement. The other language used at each Pan American Games is the language of the host country. For example: at the 2007 Pan American Games who was held in Brazil, the first language was Brazilian Portuguese. Every proclamation (such as the announcement of each country during the parade of nations in the opening ceremony) is spoken in these three languages or the main two depending on whether the host country is an English or Spanish speaking country.[7]

## Symbols

[edit]

The Pan American Games torch being lit in Teotihuacan.

The Anthem of PASO

Adopted in 2008

* * *

Problems playing this file? See media help.

The Pan American Games Movement uses symbols to represent the ideals embodied in the Pan American Games charter. The Pan American Sports Organization flag displays the PASO logo on a white background. To highlight the close association between the International Olympic Committee and the Pan Am Games, the Olympic Rings were added to the flag in 1988. The flag has been hoisted during each celebration of the Games.[24] Due to an administrative issue, the flag was hoisted while the Olympic Hymn was played until the 2007 Games. In 2011 Games, the new anthem was played for the first time. The anthem itself was chosen in 2007 and was adopted in 2008.

Similar to the Olympic flame, the Pan American Games flame is lit well before the Games are to commence. The flame was lit for the first games in Olympia, Greece. For subsequent games, the torch has been lit during the simulation of the Aztec new fire ceremony held during the Mezoamerican period, the ceremonies here held first in the Cerro de la Estrella National Park in Mexico City and later they moved the ceremony to the Pyramid of the Sun located in Teotihuacan Pyramids Complex.[25] The only exception was for the São Paulo games in 1963, when the torch was lit in Brasília by the indigenous Guaraní people and two ways were held as the country also hosted the 1963 Summer Universiade in Porto Alegre. An Aztec older then lights the torch of the first relay bearer, thus initiating the Pan American torch relay that will carry the flame to the host city's main stadium, where it plays an important role in the opening ceremony.[7] Since 2011, the flame is required to be held during the games in the stadium which will host the athletics competition. If the Opening ceremony and athletics competition will be held in different stadiums, the flame will be required to move from one stadium to the other. Exceptions occurred in the 1987, 1999, 2007 and 2015 Games when they have only one cauldron. In some cases the flame burn in a cauldron placed outside the main stadium.[7]

The Pan American Games mascot, an animal or human figure representing the cultural heritage of the host country, was introduced in 1979 in San Juan, Puerto Rico.[26] It has played an important part on the Games identity and promotion. The mascot of the most recent Pan American Games, in Santiago de Chile, was Fiu, a seven color rush tyrant.

List of Games mascots:[27]

* San Juan 1979: Coqui (frog)
* Caracas 1983: Santiaguito (lion)
* Indianapolis 1987: Amigo (green parrot)
* Havana 1991: Tocopan (bird)
* Mar del Plata 1995: Lobi (sea lion)
* Winnipeg 1999: Duck and Lorita (ducks)
* Santo Domingo 2003: Tito (manatee)
* Rio de Janeiro 2007: Cauê (sun)
* Guadalajara 2011: Huichi (deer), Gavo (agave plant) and Leo (lion)
* Toronto 2015: Pachi (porcupine)
* Lima 2019: Milco (statue)[28]
* Santiago 2023: Fiu (Many-colored rush tyrant)

## Ceremonies

[edit]

Main article: Pan American Games ceremony

### Opening

[edit]

As mandated by the Olympic Charter, various elements frame the opening ceremony of the Pan American Games.[29] The Organizing Committee of each edition has the flexibility to choose the order of the opening ceremony program. But, it has been common since 2007 that the opening ceremonies starts with the nation anthem of the host country and the nations parade is held immediately afterwards, with the athletes grouped by nation. Argentina is traditionally the first nation to enter in order to honor the origins of the Pan American Games, similarly to how Greece enters first in the Olympic Games as the originator. Nations usually then enter the stadium alphabetically according to the host country's or city's official language, with the host country's athletes being the last to enter. During the 1995 Pan American Games, which was hosted in Mar del Plata, Argentina, the Argentine flag entered the stadium first, while the country's delegation entered last (similarly to the 2004 Summer Olympics in Greece) and all delegations could sit in reserved areas in the stands of the main stadium. The speeches are given, formally opening the Games; the PANAM Sports Flag and Olympic Flag are raised and the oaths taken immediately afterwards.[29] The host nation then presents artistic displays of music, singing, dance, and theater representative of its culture and history.[29] The artistic presentations have grown in scale and complexity as successive hosts attempt to provide a ceremony that outlasts its predecessor's in terms of memorability. The opening ceremony of the 2011 Games held in Guadalajara, Mexico, reportedly cost $20 million, with much of the cost incurred in the artistic segment.[30] Finally, the Pan American torch is brought into the stadium and passed on until it reaches the final torch carrier—often a well-known and successful athlete from the host nation—who lights the Pan American Games flame in the stadium's cauldron.[7]

### Closing

[edit]

Athletes gather in the stadium during the closing ceremony of the 2007 Pan American Games.

The closing ceremony of the Pan American Games takes place after all sporting events have concluded. Flag-bearers from each participating country enter the stadium, followed by the athletes who enter together, without any national distinction.

Two flags are hoisted while the corresponding national anthems are played: the flags of the current host country and of the country hosting the next Pan American Games.[7] The president of the organizing committee and the president of PASO make their closing speeches, the Games are officially closed, and the Pan American family is invited to participate at the next Games. The PanAm Sports Flag and the Olympic Flag are lowered and Pan-American flame is then extinguished.[7] In what is known as the Antwerp Ceremony, the highest authority of the city that organized the Games transfers a special Pan American Games flag to the president of PASO, who then passes it on to the current highest authority of the city hosting the next Games.[7] After these compulsory elements, the next host nation briefly introduces itself with artistic displays of dance and theater representative of its culture. The closing ceremony may include a fifteen-minute presentation from the next host city.[7]

### Medal presentation

[edit]

A medal ceremony during the 1987 Pan American Games in Indianapolis.

At the conclusion of each event, medals are ceremonially presented by an IOC or PASO member to the first, second and third-place finishers. The medal winners stand on a three-tiered podium while receiving their medals.[31] After the medals are presented, the national flags of the three medalists are raised while the national anthem of the gold medalist's country plays.[32] Volunteering citizens of the host country act as hosts during the medal ceremonies: they aid the officials who present the medals and act as flag-bearers.[33] For each event, the respective medal ceremony is held, at most, one day after the event's final. When athletics was scheduled for the last days, the men's marathon is run on the last day of the games, and the award ceremony is held before or during the closing ceremony.

## Sports

[edit]

Main article: Pan American Games sports

Athletics has been held at all nineteen editions of the Pan American Games. Pictured here is the 10,000 metres event for men at the 2015 edition in Toronto.

Key: = Discontinued

| Sport | Years

|

3x3 basketball | Since 2019
Archery | Since 1971
Artistic swimming | 1955, 1971, 1979–
Athletics | Since 1951
Badminton | Since 1995
Baseball | Since 1951
Basketball | 1951–2023
Basque pelota | 1995, 2003, 2011, 2019–
Beach volleyball | Since 1999
Bodybuilding | 2019
Bowling | Since 1995–2023
Boxing | Since 1951
Breaking | 2023
Canoeing | Since 1987
Cricket | 2027
Cycling | Since 1951
Diving | Since 1951
Equestrian | 1951–1955, 1963–1971, 1979–
Fencing | 1951–1955, 1963–1971, 1979–
Field hockey | Since 1967
Football | Since 1951
Futsal | 2007
Gymnastics | Since 1951
Golf | Since 2015
Handball | Since 1987
Judo | 1963–1967, 1975–
| Sport | Years

|

Karate | Since 1995
Marathon swimming | Since 2015
Modern pentathlon | 1951–1963, 1987–
Polo | 1951
Racquetball | 1991–2003, 2011–2023
Roller sports | 1979, 1987–
Rowing | Since 1951
Rugby sevens | Since 2011
Sailing | 1951–1971, 1979–
Sambo | 1983
Shooting | Since 1951
Softball | Since 1979
Sport climbing | Since 2023
Squash | Since 1995
Surfing | Since 2019
Swimming | Since 1951
Table tennis | Since 1979
Taekwondo | Since 1987
Tennis | 1951–1967, 1979–
Triathlon | Since 1995
Volleyball | Since 1955
Water polo | Since 1951
Water skiing | Since 1995
Weightlifting | Since 1951
Wrestling | Since 1951

## Medals

[edit]

Further information: Category:Pan American Games medalists and All-time Pan American Games medal table

Gold medal from the 2015 Pan American Games

Silver medal from the 2015 Pan American Games

Bronze medal from the 2015 Pan American Games

Swimmer Thiago Pereira of Brazil has a record 23 Pan American medals.[34] Here he holds a gold medal during the 2007 edition.

The athletes or teams who place first, second, or third in each event receive medals. The winners receive gold medals, while the runners-up receive silver medals and the third-place athletes are awarded bronze medals. In events contested by a single-elimination tournament (most notably boxing), third place might not be determined and both semifinal losers receive bronze medals. PASO does not keep statistics of medals won, but National Olympic Committees and the media record medal statistics as a measure of success.

The top ten nations all time at the Pan American Games (minus medals won at the Winter Pan American Games):[35]

Summer Pan American GamesRank| Nation| Gold| Silver| Bronze| Total

|
|
|
|
|

1|  United States| 2,188| 1,617| 1,194| 4,999
2|  Cuba| 938| 642| 613| 2,193
3|  Canada| 537| 776| 918| 2,231
4|  Brazil| 449| 476| 656| 1,581
5|  Argentina| 343| 391| 501| 1,235
6|  Mexico| 310| 362| 617| 1,289
7|  Colombia| 165| 208| 296| 669
8|  Venezuela| 110| 235| 317| 662
9|  Chile| 69| 141| 205| 415
10|  Dominican Republic| 48| 82| 146| 276
Totals (10 entries)| 5,157| 4,930| 5,463| 15,550
Winter Pan American GamesRank| Nation| Gold| Silver| Bronze| Total

|
|
|
|
|

1|  United States| 4| 2| 5| 11
2|  Canada| 2| 4| 1| 7
Totals (2 entries)| 6| 6| 6| 18

## List of Pan American Games

[edit]

Map of Pan American Games locations (host cities in red dots). Countries that have hosted one Pan Am Games are shaded green, while countries that have hosted two or more are shaded blue.

The Pan American Games have been hosted by 17 cities in 11 countries. Mexico and Canada have hosted three Pan American Games each, more than any other nation. Among cities, only Winnipeg and Mexico City hosted the Games twice.

The host city for a Pan American Games is usually between six and seven years ahead of the each edition. The selection process is held in two phases that span a three years period.Since 2024, cities or regions can apply for the Games, following the changes proposed by the International Olympic Committee, respecting Agenda 2020+5.[36][37].The interested parties can present their proposals to the National Olympic Committee of their country, which is up to the latter to accept or reject the proposals,; if more than one city or region from the same country submits a proposal to its NOC, the national committee typically holds an internal selection, since a only one bid per NOC can be presented to the PanAm Sports for consideration. Once the deadline for submission of proposals by the NOCs is reached, the first phase (Application) begins with the applicant cities asked to complete a questionnaire regarding several key criteria related to the organization of the Pan American Games.[7] In this form, the applicants must give assurances that they will comply with the Olympic Charter and with any other regulations established by PanAm Sports's Executive Committee.[7] The evaluations of the completed questionnaires are made by a group of experts from PanAm Sports with an overview of each applicant's project and their potential to host the Games. On the basis of this technical evaluation, PASO's Executive Board selects the applicants that will proceed to the candidature stage.[7]

Once the candidate cities are selected, they must submit to PASO a bigger and more detailed presentation of their project as part of a candidature file. Each city is thoroughly analyzed by an evaluation commission. This commission will visit the candidates, interviewing local officials and inspecting prospective venue sites, and submit a report on its findings one month before the PanAm Sports's final decision. During the interview process the bidding city or region must guarantee that it will be able to fund the Games.[7] After the work of the evaluation commission, a list of candidates is presented to the General Session of PanAm Sports, which is assembled in a country that must not have a candidate city in the running. The members of PASO gathered in the Session have the final vote on the host city. Once elected, the host city bid committee (together with the NOC of the respective country) signs a Host City Contract with PanAm Sports, officially becoming a Pan American Games host nation and host city.[7]

Edition  | Year  | Host city  | Host nation  | Opened by[a] | Start date  | End date  | Nations  | Competitors  | Sports  | Events  | Top placed team

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1 | 1951  | Buenos Aires |  Argentina | President Juan Domingo Perón | February 25 | March 9 | 21  | 2,513  | 18  | 140  |  Argentina
2 | 1955  | Mexico City |  Mexico | President Adolfo Ruiz Cortines | March 12  | March 26  | 22  | 2,583  | 17  | 146  |  United States
3 | 1959  | Chicago |  United States | Milton S. Eisenhower[b] | August 27 | September 7 | 25  | 2,263  | 15  | 166  |  United States
4 | 1963  | São Paulo |  Brazil | Governor Adhemar de Barros[c] | April 20  | May 5  | 22  | 1,665  | 19  | 160  |  United States
5 | 1967  | Winnipeg |  Canada | Prince Philip | July 23  | August 6  | 29  | 2,361  | 19  | 169  |  United States
6 | 1971  | Cali |  Colombia | President Misael Pastrana Borrero | July 30  | August 13  | 32  | 2,935  | 17  | 164  |  United States
7 | 1975  | Mexico City |  Mexico | President Luis Echeverría | October 12  | October 26  | 33  | 3,146  | 19  | 190  |  United States
8 | 1979  | San Juan |  Puerto Rico | Governor Carlos Romero Barceló | July 1  | July 15  | 34  | 3,700  | 21  | 249  |  United States
9 | 1983  | Caracas |  Venezuela | President Luis Herrera Campins | August 14  | August 29  | 36  | 3,426  | 22  | 249  |  United States
10 | 1987  | Indianapolis |  United States | Vice President George H. W. Bush[d] | August 7  | August 23  | 38  | 4,360  | 27  | 296  |  United States
11 | 1991  | Havana |  Cuba | President Fidel Castro | August 2  | August 18  | 39  | 4,519  | 28  | 331  |  Cuba
12 | 1995  | Mar del Plata |  Argentina | President Carlos Menem | March 12  | March 26  | 42 | 5,144  | 34  | 408  |  United States
13 | 1999  | Winnipeg |  Canada | Governor General Roméo LeBlanc[e] | July 23  | August 8  | 42 | 5,083  | 34  | 330  |  United States
14 | 2003  | Santo Domingo |  Dominican Republic | President Hipólito Mejía | August 1  | August 17  | 42 | 5,223  | 34  | 338  |  United States
15 | 2007  | Rio de Janeiro |  Brazil | Carlos Arthur Nuzman[f] | July 13  | July 29  | 42 | 5,633  | 33  | 331  |  United States
16 | 2011  | Guadalajara |  Mexico | President Felipe Calderón | October 14  | October 30  | 42 | 5,996  | 36  | 361  |  United States
17 | 2015  | Toronto |  Canada | Governor General David Johnston[e] | July 10  | July 26  | 41  | 6,123  | 36  | 364  |  United States
18 | 2019  | Lima |  Peru | President Martín Vizcarra | July 26  | August 11  | 41  | 6,668  | 38  | 419  |  United States
19 | 2023  | Santiago |  Chile | President Gabriel Boric | October 20  | November 5  | 41  | 6,909 | 39 | 425 |  United States
20 | 2027  | Lima |  Peru | TBD  | July 16  | August 1  | 41 | TBD  | 38 | TBD  | TBD
21 | 2031  | TBD  | TBD  | TBD  | TBD  | TBD  | 41 | TBD  | TBD  | TBD  | TBD

1. ^ Names & offices in italics reflect an opener who was not head of state when opening the Games. If the office is partially italicized, the non-italicized portion is the office & name of the head of state being represented.
2. ^ Representing his brother Dwight D. Eisenhower, President of the United States
3. ^ Representing João Goulart, President of Brazil
4. ^ Representing Ronald Reagan, President of the United States
5. ^ a b Representing Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada.
6. ^ Representing Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, President of Brazil.

## Participating nations

[edit]

As of the 2023 edition, 35 countries and six territories, whose National Olympic Committee is recognized by the Pan American Sports Organization, compete at the Pan American Games.[38]

* Antigua and Barbuda
* Argentina
* Aruba
* Bahamas
* Barbados
* Belize
* Bermuda
* Bolivia
* Brazil
* British Virgin Islands
* Canada
* Cayman Islands
* Chile
* Colombia
* Costa Rica
* Cuba
* Dominica
* Dominican Republic
* Ecuador
* El Salvador
* Grenada
* Guatemala
* Guyana
* Haiti
* Honduras
* Jamaica
* Mexico
* Nicaragua
* Panama
* Paraguay
* Peru
* Puerto Rico
* Saint Kitts and Nevis
* Saint Lucia
* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
* Suriname
* Trinidad and Tobago
* United States
* Uruguay
* Venezuela
* Virgin Islands

## See also

[edit]

* Junior Pan American Games
* Pan American Winter Games
* Parapan American Games
* Parapan Youth American Games
* Central American and Caribbean Games
* Central American Games
* South American Games
* Pan American Sports Festival
* African Games
* Asian Games
* South Asian Games
* West Asian Games
* Central Asian Games
* Southeast Asian Games
* European Games
* Pacific Games
* Olympic Games
* World Games
* Commonwealth Games

## References

[edit]

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19. ^ "I Junior Pan Am Games: Cali, Monterrey and Santa Ana the Candidates". Around the Rings. 1 February 2019. Archived from the original on 2 February 2019. Retrieved 2 February 2019.
20. ^ "Panam Sports organizará Panamericanos Júnior y sopesa Panamericanos de Playa" [Panam Sports will organize Pan American Juniors and weigh Pan American Beach]. La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 27 January 2019. Archived from the original on 19 January 2019. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
21. ^ "Asunción selected to host 2025 Junior Pan American Games". www.insidethegames.biz. 28 November 2022. Archived from the original on 17 April 2023. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
22. ^ "The Olympic Movement". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 25 September 2009. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
23. ^ "Sport Program". COPAG (Organizing committee for the 2011 Pan American Games). Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 10 July 2011.
24. ^ "Pan-American Sports Organization". Flag of the worldwide website. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved March 8, 2014.
25. ^ COPAG (15 April 2011). "Pan American Spirit to Light up Mexico". Retrieved 16 June 2011.[dead link]
26. ^ "VI Pan American Games — Cali (Colombia) 1971". QUADRO DE MEDALHAS. Archived from the original on October 5, 2011. Retrieved July 11, 2011.
27. ^ "The evolution of the Pan American Games mascots throughout its history". 2019 Pan American Games. 18 May 2017. Archived from the original on 24 February 2018. Retrieved 23 February 2018.
28. ^ "'Milco' was chosen as the official mascot of the XVIII Pan American Games and Sixth Parapan American Games Lima to be held in 2019". 2019 Pan American Games. 26 July 2017. Archived from the original on 24 February 2018. Retrieved 23 February 2018.
29. ^ a b c "Fact sheet: Opening Ceremony of the Summer Olympic Games" (PDF). International Olympic Committee. February 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 29, 2011. Retrieved July 11, 2011.
30. ^ "Costará más de 20 mdd inauguración de los JP" (in Spanish). El Occidental. September 4, 2010. Archived from the original on October 11, 2012. Retrieved July 11, 2011.
31. ^ "Olympic Games — the Medal Ceremonies". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2 April 2017. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
32. ^ "Symbols and traditions - Medal ceremony". USA Today. September 12, 1999. Archived from the original on February 23, 2002. Retrieved July 11, 2011.
33. ^ "Medal Ceremony Hostess Outfits Revealed". China Daily. September 18, 2008. Archived from the original on May 27, 2011. Retrieved July 11, 2011.
34. ^ Commings, Jeff (19 July 2015). "Thiago Pereira Owns Most Pan Am Games Medals In History". Swimming World. Archived from the original on 24 March 2017. Retrieved 6 February 2016.
35. ^ "General medals gained (1951–2007)". COPAG. Archived from the original on 4 December 2010. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
36. ^ "Future Olympic Games elections to be more flexible". International Olympic Committee. 2 May 2019. Archived from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
37. ^ "Evolution of the revolution: IOC transforms future Olympic Games elections". International Olympic Committee. 26 June 2019. Archived from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
38. ^ "Games-Pan Am Games come to predictable end but face uncertain future". Reuters. Retrieved 6 November 2023.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pan American Games.

* Official website
* Poster Images from the Pan American Games from 1951 to 1999 (archived)
* History of Pan American Games on ISHOF Website, 2013 (archived; PDF)
* American Games on ESPN Deportes

* v
* t
* e

Pan American Games

* Sports
* Panam Sports (formerly PASO)
* Medal tables
* Medalists
* NOCs
* Broadcasters

Pan American Games|

* 1951 Buenos Aires
* 1955 Mexico City
* 1959 Chicago
* 1963 São Paulo
* 1967 Winnipeg
* 1971 Cali
* 1975 Mexico City
* 1979 San Juan
* 1983 Caracas
* 1987 Indianapolis
* 1991 Havana
* 1995 Mar del Plata
* 1999 Winnipeg
* 2003 Santo Domingo
* 2007 Rio de Janeiro
* 2011 Guadalajara
* 2015 Toronto
* 2019 Lima
* 2023 Santiago
* 2027 Lima
* 2031 TBD

Winter|

* 1990 Las Leñas

Junior|

* 2021 Cali–Valle
* 2025 Asunción

* Parapan American Games

* v
* t
* e

Panam Sports

National Olympic Committees|

* Antigua and Barbuda
* Argentina
* Aruba
* Bahamas
* Barbados
* Belize
* Bermuda
* Bolivia
* Brazil
* British Virgin Islands
* Canada
* Cayman Islands
* Chile
* Colombia
* Costa Rica
* Cuba
* Dominica
* Dominican Republic
* Ecuador
* El Salvador
* Grenada
* Guatemala
* Guyana
* Haiti
* Honduras
* Jamaica
* Mexico
* Nicaragua
* Panama
* Paraguay
* Peru
* Puerto Rico
* Saint Kitts and Nevis
* Saint Lucia
* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
* Suriname
* Trinidad and Tobago
* United States
* U.S. Virgin Islands
* Uruguay
* Venezuela

Affiliated organizations|

* ODEBO (Bolivarian)
* CACSO (Central America and Caribbean)
* ODESUR (South America)
* ORDECA (Central America)

Associated competitions|

* Pan American Games
* Junior Pan American Games
* Parapan American Games
* Youth Parapan American Games
* Winter Pan American Games
* Pan American Sports Festival

Affiliated competitions|

* Bolivarian Games
* Central American Games
* Central American and Caribbean Games
* South American Games

* v
* t
* e

Nations that have competed at the Pan American Games

Historical nations or teams shown in italics

* Antigua and Barbuda
* Argentina
* Aruba
* Bahamas
* Barbados
* Belize
* Bermuda
* Bolivia
* Brazil
* British Virgin Islands
* British West Indies
* Canada
* Cayman Islands
* Chile
* Colombia
* Costa Rica
* Cuba
* Dominica
* Dominican Republic
* Ecuador
* El Salvador
* Grenada
* Guatemala
* Guyana
* Haiti
* Honduras
* Independent Athletes Team
* Jamaica
* Mexico
* Netherlands Antilles
* Nicaragua
* Panama
* Paraguay
* Peru
* Puerto Rico
* Saint Kitts and Nevis
* Saint Lucia
* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
* Suriname
* Trinidad and Tobago
* United States
* Uruguay
* Venezuela
* Virgin Islands

* v
* t
* e

Pan American Games sports

Individual sports|

* Archery
* Athletics
* Artistic swimming
* Badminton
* Boxing
* Canoeing
* Cycling
* Diving
* Equestrian
* Fencing
* Golf
* Gymnastics
* Judo
* Karate
* Modern pentathlon
* Rowing
* Sailing
* Shooting
* Surfing
* Swimming
* Table tennis
* Taekwondo
* Tennis
* Triathlon
* Weightlifting
* Wrestling

Team sports|

* Baseball
* Basketball
* Beach volleyball
* Cricket
* Field hockey
* Football
* Handball
* Rugby sevens
* Softball
* Volleyball
* Water polo

Non-Olympic Sports|

* Basque pelota
* Bowling
* Bodybuilding
* Futsal
* Polo
* Racquetball
* Roller sports
* Squash
* Sambo
* Water skiing

Winter Sports|

* Alpine skiing

* v
* t
* e

Pan-Americanism

History|

* Spanish American wars of independence
* Decolonization of the Americas
* Latin American integration
* North American integration
* Patria Grande
* Simón Bolívar
* José de San Martín
* Lucas Alamán
* Inter-American Commission of Women
* United States involvement in regime change in Latin America

Organizations|

* Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO)
* Andean Community (CAN)
* Association of Caribbean States (ACS)
* Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA)
* Caribbean Community (CARICOM)
* Central American Integration System (SICA)
* Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC)
* Contadora group
* Contadora support group
* Forum for the Progress and Integration of South America (PROSUR)
* Latin American Economic System (SELA)
* Latin American Integration Association (ALADI)
* Lima Group (LG)
* Mercosur
* Organization of American States (OAS)
* Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)
* Organization of Ibero-American States (OEI)
* Pacific Alliance
* Petrocaribe
* Rio Group
* Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)
* United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC, CEPAL)
* United States Pirate Party (USPP)

Projects|

* Andean passport
* CARICOM passport
* CARICOM Single Market and Economy
* CARIPASS
* Central America-4 Border Control Agreement
* Central America-4 passport
* Eastern Caribbean Currency Union
* Initiative for the Integration of the Regional Infrastructure of South America (IIRSA)
* Interoceanic Highway
* SUCRE

Institutions|

* Andean Parliament
* Bank of the South
* Caribbean Court of Justice
* Caribbean Development Bank
* Central American Parliament
* Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean (CAF)
* Inter-American Development Bank
* Latin American Parliament
* Mercosur Parliament
* South American Parliament

Free trade areas|

* Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA)
* CARIFORUM
* Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR)
* Economic Partnership Agreements
* Free Trade Area of the Americas
* G3 Free Trade Agreement
* United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA)

Events|

* Pan American Games
* Pan-American Congress

* v
* t
* e

Association of National Olympic Committees

* African Games
* Asian Games
* European Games
* Pan American Games
* Pacific Games
* World Beach Games

Africa|

ANOCA – Association of National Olympic Committees of Africa

Americas|

PASO – Panam Sports

Asia|

OCA – Olympic Council of Asia

Europe|

EOC – European Olympic Committees

Oceania|

ONOC – Oceania National Olympic Committees

* v
* t
* e

Multi-sport events

Global

Olympic Games|

* Olympic Games
* Summer
* Winter
* Paralympic Games
* Summer
* Winter
* Youth Olympic Games

Parasports|

* Arafura Games
* Deaflympics
* Summer
* Winter
* Défi sportif
* IBSA World Games
* INAS Global Games
* Invictus Games
* World Dwarf Games
* Special Olympics
* Summer
* Winter
* World Abilitysport Games

Professions|

* International Army Games
* Lumberjack World Championship
* Military World Games
* World Air Games
* World Firefighters Games
* World Police and Fire Games
* Olympic Esports Games
* Olympic Esports Series
* Esports World Cup
* RoboGames
* World Cyber Games
* World Humanoid Robot Games

Youth and students|

* FISU World University Games (Universiade)
* World School Sport Games (Gymnasiade)
* International Youth Green Games
* International Children's Games
* SELL Student Games
* World Interuniversity Games
* Commonwealth Youth Games
* CPLP Games
* University International Sports Festival

Intercommunity|

* Arab Games
* BRICS Games
* Commonwealth Games
* Croatian World Games
* Gay Games
* Highland games
* Islamic Solidarity Games
* Jeux de la Francophonie
* Lusofonia Games
* Maccabiah Games
* Pan-Armenian Games
* World Transplant Games
* World Eskimo Indian Olympics
* World Indigenous Games
* World Polonia Games

Other|

* CSIT World Sports Games
* Dew Tour
* Mind Sports Olympiad
* UCI Cycling World Championships
* World Beach Games
* World Combat Games
* World Games
* World Masters Games
* World Mind Games
* World Nomad Games
* World Skate Games
* World Urban Games
* X Games

Regional

Africa|

* African Games
* African Para Games
* African Youth Games
* All-Africa University Games
* African School Games
* West African University Games
* African Beach Games

Americas|

* Pan American
* Pan American Games
* Parapan American Games
* Junior Pan American Games
* Americas Masters Games
* Central American and the Caribbean
* Central American and Caribbean Games
* Central American Games
* Latin American
* ALBA Games
* Bolivarian Games
* North American
* CANUSA Games
* North American Indigenous Games
* North American Outgames
* South American
* South American Games
* South American Beach Games
* South American University Games
* South American Youth Games
* Caribbean
* Caribbean Games

Asia|

* Pan Asian
* Asian Games
* Summer
* Winter
* Asian Para Games
* Asian Beach Games
* Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games
* Asian Youth Games
* Southeast Asian
* SEA Games
* ASEAN School Games
* ASEAN University Games
* ASEAN Para Games
* Central Asian Games
* East Asian Youth Games
* South Asian Games
* West Asian Games1

Europe|

* Black Sea Games1
* European Games
* European Masters Games
* European Championships
* European Para Championships
* European Para Youth Games
* European Youth Olympic Festival
* EuroGames
* European Universities Championships
* European Universities Games
* Games of the Small States of Europe
* International Erasmus Games

Oceania|

* Australian Youth Olympic Festival
* Micronesian Games
* Pacific Games
* Pacific Mini Games
* Arafura Games

Intercontinental|

* Arab Games
* Arctic Winter Games
* Asia Pacific Deaf Games
* Asia Pacific Masters Games
* Isles
* Indian Ocean Island Games
* Island Games
* Jeux des îles
* Mediterranean Games

National

Americas|

* Canada
* British Columbia
* Ontario
* Quebec
* Saskatchewan
* Western
* Colombia
* United States
* amateur juniors
* seniors
* Warrior Games

NCSG,
United States3|

* Alabama
* California
* Florida
* Massachusetts
* Missouri
* Montana
* Nebraska
* New York
* North Carolina
* Lakota Nation
* Texas
* Wisconsin

Asia|

* Bangladesh
* China
* All-China Games
* National Games
* National Peasants' Games
* National Youth Games
* India
* Youth
* University
* Indonesia
* Japan
* Malaysia
* Mongolia
* Nepal
* Pakistan
* Philippines
* National Games
* Para Games
* Student
* Youth
* Singapore
* South Korea
* Summer
* Winter
* Thailand
* Youth
* Vietnam
* Taiwan
* National Games (Taiwan)

Europe|

* Poland (youth)
* WheelPower

Historical1

Pre-Modern Olympics
(in order, from 1900 BC to 1859 AD)|

* Tailteann Games (ancient)
* Panhellenic Games
* Ancient Olympic Games
* Pythian Games
* Nemean Games
* Isthmian Games
* Heraean Games
* Panathenaic Games
* Roman Games
* Cotswold Olimpick Games
* Gog Magog Games
* Wenlock Olympian Society Annual Games
* Zappas Olympics

Alternatives to the
Modern Olympics|

* Aryan Games
* Friendship Games
* GANEFO
* Goodwill Games
* Inter-Allied Games
* Islamic Games
* Liberty Bell Classic
* People's Olympiad
* Workers' Olympiads
* Spartakiad

Defunct regional or
community events|

* Afro-Asian Games
* Asian Indoor Games
* Asian Martial Arts Games
* Baltic Sea Games
* Black Sea Games
* Central African Games
* East Asian Games
* Far Eastern Championship Games
* FESPIC Games
* Games of the New Emerging Forces
* Pacific Ocean Games
* Spartakiad of the Peoples of the USSR
* Tailteann Games (modern)
* West African Games
* Women's Islamic Games
* World Youth Games
* IWAS World Games
* Cerebral Palsy Games
* South African Games
* North Dakota
* Netherlands
* Spartakiad of Albania
* Spartakiad of the Peoples of the USSR
* youth

Winter sports

International|

* Olympics
* Paralympics
* Winter University Games
* FIS Games
* Nordic Games1
* Commonwealth1
* World Scout
* Arctic Winter Games
* Kennedy Memorial1
* New Zealand Winter Games
* Winter World Masters Games

Regional|

* National Winter Games of China
* Asian Winter Games
* European Youth Olympic Festival
* Winter X Games Europe
* Russian–Chinese Winter Youth Games

* 1 Defunct
* 2 Sub-national
* 3 51 component games in 36 U.S. states

* Category
* List
* WikiProject

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