Pandama

Mandaean mouth-veil

Pandama

Left: A Mandaean wearing a burzinqa (turban) and pandama (cloth covering the mouth) with a margna (staff), at a 2019 Parwanaya festival in Maysan Governorate, Iraq

Type| mouth-veil
Material| cloth
Place of origin| southern Iraq and southwestern Iran

The pandama (Classical Mandaic: ࡐࡀࡍࡃࡀࡌࡀ) is a mouth-veil worn by Mandaean men during baptismal ceremonial rituals. It is the lower end of a cloth wrapped around the mouth and lower face to protect from water during immersion. The upper end of the cloth is used as a turban (burzinqa).[1]

## In the Qulasta

[edit]

Further information: Qulasta § List of prayers

Several prayers in the Qulasta are recited when putting on and loosening the pandama, including prayers 7 and 55.[2]

## Symbolism

[edit]

According to Shahram Ebadfardzadeh, an Iranian-American yalufa (learned Mandaean layperson) in San Antonio, Texas, United States, "when the priest officiates, he is an angel, and his lower face must not be seen, but covered up."[3]: 29

## See also

[edit]

* Fashion portal

* Mandaean priest § Clothing
* Litham, a similar veil covering the lower face worn by Tuareg men
* Alasho, a similar turban veil worn by Hausa men

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2002). The Mandaeans: ancient texts and modern people (PDF). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-515385-5. OCLC 65198443.
2. ^ Drower, E. S. (1959). The Canonical Prayerbook of the Mandaeans. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
3. ^ Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2023). 1800 Years of Encounters with Mandaeans. Gorgias Mandaean Studies. Vol. 5\. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press. ISBN 978-1-4632-4132-2. ISSN 1935-441X.

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Historical identities|

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Priesthood|

| Titles|

* Rishama
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Individuals|

* (List of Mandaean priests)
* Shlama beth Qidra
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Institutions|

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Literature|

| Main texts|

* Ginza Rabba
* Right Ginza
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* Mandaean Book of John

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Prayers|

| Qulasta (list)|

* Sidra d-Nishmata
* Rushuma
* Asut Malkia
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Priestly texts|

* The Thousand and Twelve Questions
* Scroll of Exalted Kingship
* The Coronation of the Great Shishlam
* The Wedding of the Great Shishlam
* Alma Rišaia Rba
* Alma Rišaia Zuṭa
* Zihrun Raza Kasia
* Scroll of the Parwanaya
* Scroll of the Great Baptism
* Scroll of the Ancestors
* The Baptism of Hibil Ziwa
* Scroll of Abatur
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* Secrets of the Ancestors
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Historical texts|

* Haran Gawaita

Apotropaic texts|

* Incantation bowls
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Cosmology|

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| World of Light|

* Hayyi Rabbi
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| Uthras|

* Yushamin
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| Concepts|

* Anana
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Intermediary realms|

* Matarta
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World of Darkness|

* Sea of Suf
* Siniawis
* Mšiha

| Demons|

* Ruha
* Ur
* Krun
* Gaf
* Qin
* Anathan
* Shdum
* Giu
* Hag and Mag
* Zartai-Zartanai
* Zahreil

|

Planets|

* Shamish (Sun)
* Libat (Venus)
* Nbu (Mercury)
* Sin (Moon)
* Kiwan (Saturn)
* Bil (Jupiter)
* Nirig (Mars)

Important figures|

* Adam
* Seth
* Abel
* Enosh
* Noah
* Shem
* Miriai
* Elizabeth
* John the Baptist

Legendary figures|

* Dinanukht
* Shishlam
* Ezlat

Concepts|

* Kushta (truth)
* Manda (gnosis)
* Laufa (communion)
* Dmuta (image)
* Nishimta (soul)
* Ruha (spirit)
* Mana (mind)
* Adam Kasia (hidden Adam)
* Adam Pagria (bodily Adam)

Objects and symbols|

* Drabsha (banner)
* Misha (oil)
* Riha (incense)
* Skandola (talisman seal)

Ritual food and drink|

| Drinks|

* Mambuha
* Halalta
* Hamra

|

Foods|

* Pihta
* Fatira
* Sa

Meals|

* Dukrana
* Lofani
* Zidqa brikha

Clothing|

* Rasta (robe)
* Burzinqa (turban)
* Pandama (mouth-veil)
* Himiana (girdle)
* Margna (staff)
* Klila (wreath)
* Taga (crown)

Rituals and practices|

* Masbuta (baptism)
* Tamasha (triple ablution)
* Rishama (minor ablution)
* Masiqta (death mass)
* Qabin (wedding)
* Brakha (prayer)
* Bshuma (name of God)
* Sauma (fasting)
* Zidqa (almsgiving)
* Naming

Buildings and structures|

* Mandi
* Baghdad Mandi
* Ganzibra Dakhil Mandi
* Yahya Yuhana Mandi
* Wallacia Mandi
* Shkinta
* Andiruna

Calendar|

| Feasts|

* Dehwa Rabba
* Feast of the Great Shishlam
* Dehwa Hanina
* Abu al-Haris
* Parwanaya
* Dehwa Daimana

|

Months|

* Daula
* Nuna
* ʿmbra
* Taura
* Ṣilmia
* Sarṭana
* Aria
* Šumbulta
* Qaina
* Arqba
* Hiṭia
* Gadia

Epochs|

* Adam and Eve
* Ram and Rud
* Shurbai and Sharhabeil
* Noah and Nuraita

Language|

* Mandaic
* Neo-Mandaic
* Alphabet
* Unicode block

Scholarly disciplines|

* Mandaean studies

Category * Outline

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Hats and caps

List of hat styles List of headgear

Western
culture|

| Formal|

* Cartwheel
* Cloche
* Cocktail
* Doll
* Draped turban
* Eugénie
* Fascinator
* Half
* Halo
* Juliet
* Mushroom
* lampshade
* Picture
* peach
* Pillbox
* Tam
* Top
* opera

|

Semi-formal|

* Homburg
* Anthony Eden
* Boater
* Bowler
* Buntal

Informal|

* Cabbage-tree
* Chupalla
* Fedora
* trilby
* Flat
* coppola
* newsboy
* Panama
* Pork pie
* Smoking
* Wideawake

Uniforms|

* Aviator
* Bearskin
* Bell-boy hat
* Bicorne
* Black
* Boonie
* Budenovka
* Busby
* Campaign
* Cap comforter
* Cappello Alpino
* Casquette d'Afrique
* Caubeen
* Cavalry Stetson
* Czapka
* Doctoral
* Feather bonnet
* Forage
* karvalakki
* Fur wedge
* Hardee
* Jeep
* Kepi
* Mazepynka
* Nurse's
* Maintenance/Chapeau
* Military beret/Uniform beret
* black
* blue
* green
* maroon
* red
* tan
* Patrol
* Peaked
* mariner's
* sailor
* Printer's
* Rogatywka
* Shako
* Side
* titovka
* triglavka
* Ski
* Slouch
* Sou'wester
* Student
* faluche
* Square academic
* Tricorne
* Utility cover

Religious|

| Christian|

| Western|

* Biretta
* Canterbury
* Camauro
* Capirote
* Cappello romano
* Capuchon
* Christening cap
* Galero
* Head covering for Christian women
* Easter bonnet
* mantilla
* wimple
* Mitre
* papal tiara
* Pilgrim's
* Salvation Army bonnet
* Shovel
* Zucchetto

|

Eastern|

* Klobuk
* epanokalimavkion
* kalimavkion
* koukoulion
* Skufia

Jewish|

* Jewish
* Kashket
* Kippah
* Kolpik
* Spodik
* Shtreimel

Casual|

* Animal
* Ascot
* Barretina
* Beanie
* Beret
* Bobble
* Breton
* Bucket
* Chilote
* Cowboy
* Boss of the Plains
* Fruit
* Knit
* Monmouth
* Party
* Shower
* Tin foil
* Umbrella
* Whoopee

| Sports|

* Cricket
* baggy green
* Balaclava
* facekini
* Baseball
* trucker
* Bicycle clip
* Casquette
* Deerstalker
* Horse racing
* Mounteere
* Rally
* Sports visor
* green eyeshade
* Stormy Kromer
* Swimming
* Water polo

|

Historical|

* Attifet
* Apex
* Beaver
* Bergère
* Boudoir
* Boyar
* Bycocket
* Capotain
* Cavalier
* Coal scuttle bonnet
* Coif
* Dolly Varden
* Dunce
* Fontange
* French hood
* Phrygian
* Hennin
* Kausia
* Kokoshnik
* Miner's
* Mob
* Modius
* Pamela
* Petasos
* Pileus
* Poke bonnet
* Pudding
* Toque
* Witch
* Gediminas' Cap

Folk|

* Arakhchin
* Asian conical
* Aso Oke
* Astrakhan (hat)
* Ayam
* Balmoral bonnet
* Bell-boy
* Beonggeoji
* Bhadgaunle Topi
* Birke topi
* Blangkon
* Blue bonnet
* Chapan
* Chullo
* Coloured
* Coonskin
* Cork
* Dhaka topi
* Doppa
* Dutch
* Energy dome
* Fez
* Four Winds
* Fujin
* Fulani
* Futou
* Gandhi
* Gat
* Glengarry
* Icelandic tail
* Jaapi
* Jeongjagwan
* Jobawi
* Kalpak
* Karakul
* Kasa
* Kashket
* Keffiyeh
* Kofia
* Kufi
* Kuma
* Labbadeh
* Lika
* Malahai
* Montenegrin
* Montera picona
* Mooskappe
* Nambawi
* Nón quai thao
* Ochipok
* Paag
* Pahlavi
* Pakol
* Papakha
* Pashteen
* Pungcha
* Qeleshe
* Qing
* Rastacap
* Šajkača
* Salako
* Salakot
* Senufo bird
* Shyade
* Šibenik
* Sindhi
* Sombrero
* sombrero calañés
* sombrero cordobés
* sombrero de catite
* sombrero vueltiao
* Song
* Songkok
* Stormy Kromer cap
* Straw
* Šubara
* Sun
* Tam o' shanter
* Tang
* Tanggeon
* Tantour
* Taqiyah
* Tembel
* Tokin
* Topor
* Tsunokakushi
* Tubeteika
* Tuque
* Tyrolean
* Upe
* Ushanka
* Welsh
* Yanggwan

Wrapped
headwear|

* Apostolnik
* Bashlyk
* Birrus
* Bonnet
* Boshiya
* Burqa
* Caul
* Chador
* Chaperon
* Cornette
* Dastar
* Do-rag
* Dumalla
* Emamah
* Għonnella
* Gook
* Gugel
* Gulle
* Haredi burqa sect
* Hijab
* Hogeon
* Hood
* Jang-ot
* Khăn vấn
* Litham
* Mysore peta
* Niqāb
* Pagri
* Paranja
* Pheta
* Puneri Pagadi
* Roach
* Snood
* Sudra
* Tichel
* Tudong
* Turban
* Veil
* Yashmak

Hat parts|

* Agal
* Aigrette
* Brim
* Bumper brim
* Campaign cord
* Cointoise
* Gamsbart
* Hackle
* Lappet
* Plume
* Sarpech
* Visor

Accessories|

* Cockade
* Feathers
* Hat box
* Hatpin

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Folk costumes

Africa|

* Balgha
* Boubou
* Dashiki
* Djellaba
* Head tie
* Jellabiya
* Kanzu
* Kente cloth
* Kufi
* Litham
* Pareo
* Senegalese kaftan
* Tagelmust
* Wrapper

Asia|

| Central|

* Afghanistan
* Pakol
* Chapan
* Deel
* Malahai
* Paranja

|

East|

* China
* Cheongsam
* Hanfu
* Mao suit
* Tangzhuang
* Japan
* Hachimaki
* Kimono
* Obi
* Korea
* Cheopji
* Daenggi
* Gache
* Hanbok
* Hwagwan
* Jokduri
* Manggeon

South|

* Bhutan
* Gho
* Kira
* Dhoti
* Dupatta
* India
* Lungi
* Nepal
* Pakistan
* Pathin
* Perak
* Peshawari pagri
* Sari
* Shalwar kameez
* Sherwani

Southeast|

* Burma
* Longyi
* Gaung baung
* Cambodia
* Chong Kben
* Krama
* Sompot
* Sbai
* Indonesia
* Baju bodo
* Batik
* Blangkon
* Ikat
* Kebaya
* Kemben
* Kupiah
* Songket
* Songkok
* Tanjak
* Ulos
* Laos
* Xout lao
* Suea pat
* Sinh
* Malaysia
* Baju Kurung
* Baju Melayu
* Songket
* Songkok
* Tengkolok
* Philippines
* Barong tagalog
* Baro't saya
* Buntal hat
* Malong
* Maria Clara gown
* Patadyong
* Salakot
* Thailand
* Banong
* Chong kraben
* Chut Thai
* Formal Chut Thai
* Pha khao ma
* Pha nung
* Raj pattern
* Sabai
* Sinh
* Suea pat
* Tabengman
* Tudong
* Vietnam
* Áo bà ba
* Áo dài
* Áo giao lĩnh
* Áo tứ thân

Middle East|

* Abaya
* Agal
* Assyria
* Bisht
* Boshiya
* Burqa
* Chador
* Izaar
* Jewish
* Kippah
* Sheitel
* Tallit
* Tallit katan
* Tefillin
* Tzitzit
* Jilbāb
* Keffiyeh
* Kurdish
* Niqāb
* Palestine
* Pandama
* Thawb
* Turban
* Hejazi

Europe|

| Balkan|

* Traditional Albanian clothing
* Brez
* Çorape
* Opinga
* Qeleshe
* Xhamadan
* Xhubleta
* Aromanian
* Croatia
* Fustanella
* Greek
* Chiton
* Chlamys
* Himation
* Macedonia
* Romania
* Serbia
* Kosovo

|

British Isles|

* Britain
* Country
* Court
* Windsor uniform
* Ireland
* Scottish highlands
* Aboyne
* Feather bonnet
* Kilt
* Sporran
* Wales

Central|

* Dirndl
* Lederhosen
* Poland
* Tracht

Eastern|

* Armenia
* Azerbaijan
* Kelaghayi
* Ukraine
* Kobeniak
* Kozhukh
* Kozhushanka
* Ochipok
* Sharovary
* Vyshyvanka
* Ukrainian wreath
* Russia
* Kokoshnik
* Kosovorotka
* Lapti
* Orenburg shawl
* Sarafan

Western|

* Netherlands
* Poffer
* Kraplap
* Oorijzer
* France
* Breton costume
* Spain
* Traje de flamenca
* Barretina
* Cachirulo
* Cordovan hat
* Sombrero de catite
* Mantilla
* Italy
* Ciocia
* Coppola cap

Scandinavian|

* Bunad
* Gákti
* Iceland
* Sweden
* Nationella dräkten
* Bäckadräkten
* Sverigedräkten

South America|

* Aguayo
* Chile
* Chamanto
* Chilote cap
* Chilote poncho
* Chupalla
* Chullo
* Guayabera
* Liqui liqui
* Lliklla
* Panama hat
* Pollera
* Poncho
* Ruana

North America|

* Inuit skin clothing
* Tignon
* Ceinture fléchée
* Western wear
* Bolo tie
* Chaps
* Huipil
* Mexico
* Huarache
* Mexican pointy boots
* Rebozo
* Serape
* Sombrero
* Quechquemitl

Oceania|

* Grass skirt
* Feather cloak
* I-sala
* Lap-lap
* Lavalava
* Kiekie
* Pareo
* Sulu
* Taʻovala
* Tēfui
* Tupenu

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