Pangkham

Town in Shan State, Myanmar

Not to be confused with Pang Hseng.

Place in Wa State Shan State, Myanmar

Pangkham

Pang Kham • ဝဵင်းပၢင်သၢင်း • 邦康

Panghsang

Pangkham

Location in Myanmar

Coordinates: 22°10′N 99°11′E﻿ / ﻿22.167°N 99.183°E﻿ / 22.167; 99.183
Country|  Myanmar
Division| Wa State (de facto)
Shan State (de jure)
Self-Administered Division (de jure)| Wa Self-Administered Division (de jure)
Special District (de facto)
District (de jure)| Bangkum Special District (de facto)
Matman District (de jure)
Population

(2002)

• Total

| 15,000
• Ethnicities

| Wa Shan Han Chinese
Time zone| UTC+6.30 (MMT)

Pangkham (Burmese: ပန်ခမ်းမြို့; MLCTS: pan kham: mrui.; Chinese: 邦康; pinyin: Bāngkāng; Parauk: Pang Kham), known before 1999 as Panghsang (Parauk: Pang Sang, Chinese: 邦桑; pinyin: Bāngsāng; Wade–Giles: Pang1-sang1), is a border town in Myanmar's far eastern Shan State. It is situated at a bend on the Hka River near the border with Yunnan Province, China, opposite of the town of Menglian. Pangkham is the main town of Pangsang Township of Matman District of Shan State.[1]

It has hotels, shops, a supermarket, karaoke bars, a bowling alley, and a 24-hour casino.[2] There is a thriving night life centered on the casino. Food in Pangkham is mostly imported from China. The cars, mainly Land Rovers, Land Cruisers and foreign pick-ups, have been smuggled in from Thailand.[3]

## History

[edit]

Pangkham is the de facto capital of Wa State, officially designated the Wa Self-Administered Division, while Hopang is its capital assigned by Myanmar government. It is controlled by the United Wa State Army (UWSA), the military wing of the United Wa State Party (UWSP) formed after the collapse of the Communist Party of Burma (CPB) in 1989.[3][4]

In 1990s the Wa Women's Association established an orphanage in Pangkham for children's whose parents were killed in fighting between United Wa State Army and Shan forces.[5]

On 17 April 2009, the 20th anniversary of the coup against the CPB was celebrated in Pangkham, attended by representatives from the military government, Kokang, Kachin Independence Organisation (KIO), Shan State Army - North, and former members of the CPB.[6]

The next day, on 18 April 2009, a fire destroyed the largest petrol station and over 10,000 tons of teak in a warehouse in Pangkham, both belonging to one of the Wa leaders Wei Hsueh-kang.[7]

The road from Panghkam to Metman is 48 miles long.[8]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Shan Herald Agency for News (S.H.A.N)". English.panglong.org. 22 January 2016. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
2. ^ Andrew Marshall, Anthony Davis (16 December 2002). "Soldiers of Fortune". TIME Asia. Archived from the original on 3 February 2003. Retrieved 21 February 2009.
3. ^ a b Tor Norling. "Haven or Hell". The Irrawaddy, 11 July 2008. Archived from the original on 6 October 2010. Retrieved 21 February 2009.
4. ^ "Panghsang tightening security". Shan Herald Agency for News (S.H.A.N.). 4 June 2005. Archived from the original on 11 February 2009. Retrieved 21 February 2009.
5. ^ Ong, Andrew; Steinmüller, Hans (2021). "Communities of care: Public donations, development assistance, and independent philanthropy in the Wa State of Myanmar". Critique of Anthropology. 41 (1): 65–87\. doi:10.1177/0308275X20974099. ISSN 0308-275X.
6. ^ Wai Moe. "UWSA Leader Calls for 'Solid, United' Wa State". The Irrawaddy, 17 April 2009. Archived from the original on 27 April 2009. Retrieved 19 April 2009.
7. ^ "Fire in Panghsang". Shan Herald Agency for News (S.H.A.N.). 19 April 2009. Retrieved 19 April 2009.
8. ^ [1] [dead link‍]

## External links

[edit]

* Satellite map GeoNames
* Panghsang area mapShan Herald Agency for News (S.H.A.N.)
* Myanmar's Wa: Likely Losers in the Opium War Pierre-Arnaud Chouvy, Asia Times, 24 January 2004
* Photo: Panghsang - bridge to the hidden city Something about Myanmar, 28 February 2006
* Photo: UWSA on parade at Panghsang The Irrawaddy, 4 May 2009

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Shan State

Capital: Taunggyi

East Shan State|

| Kengtung District|

* Kengtung Township
* Mong Khet Township
* Mong La Township (SR4)
* Mong Yang Township
* Mine Pauk Subtownship
* Minelar Subtownship

|

Mong Hpayak District|

* Mong Hpayak Township (SR4)
* Mong Yawng Township
* Mineyu Subtownship

Mong Hsat District|

* Mong Hsat Township
* Mong Ping Township
* Mong Ton Township
* Minekoke Subtownship
* Mong Hta
* Ponparkyin
* Tontar Subtownship

Tachileik District|

* Tachileik Township
* Kyaing Lap Subtownship (Kenglap)
* Talay Subtownship

North Shan State|

| Kyaukme District|

* Hsipaw Township
* Kyaukme Township
* Namtu Township
* Nawnghkio Township
* Minelon Subtownship
* Minengaw Subtownship

|

Lashio District|

* Hseni Township
* Kunlong Township
* Lashio Township
* Mongyai Township
* Tangyan Township

Laukkaing District|

see Kokang Self-Administered Zone

Mu Se District|

* Kutkai Township
* Mu Se Township
* Nanhkan Township
* Manhero Subtownship
* Monekoe Subtownship
* Pansai Subtownship (Kyu-kok)
* Tamoenye Subtownship

Hopang District|

see Wa Self-Administered Division

Matman District|

see Wa Self-Administered Division

Mongmit District|

* Mabein Township
* Mongmit Township

Kokang Self-Administered Zone|

* Laukkaing Township
* Konkyan Township
* Chinshwehaw Subtownship
* Mawhtike Subtownship

Pa Laung Self-Administered Zone1|

* Mantong Township1
* Namhsan Township1

Wa Self-Administered Division|

* Hopang Township2
* Mongmaw Township2 (Minemaw)
* Pangwaun Township2 (Panwine)
* Namtit Subtownship2
* Panlong Subtownship2
* Matman Township3 (Metman)
* Namphan Township3 (Naphang)
* Pangsang Township3 (Pan San)
* Man Kan Subtownship3

South Shan State|

| Langkho District|

* Langhko Township
* Mawkmai Township
* Mong Nai Township
* Mong Pan Township
* Homane Subtownship
* Kengtaung Subtownship

|

Loilen District|

* Kunhing Township
* Kyethi Township
* Lai-Hka Township
* Loilen Township
* Mong Hsu Township
* Mong Kung Township
* Nansang Township
* Karli Subtownship
* Kholan Subtownship
* Minenaung Subtownship
* Minesan Subtownship
* Panglong Subtownship

Taunggyi District|

* Kalaw Township
* Lawksawk Township
* Nyaungshwe Township
* Pekon Township
* Taunggyi Township
* Indaw Subtownship
* Kyauktalongyi Subtownship
* Naungtayar Subtownship

Danu Self-Administered Zone|

* Pindaya Township
* Ywangan Township

Pa-O Self-Administered Zone|

* Hopong Township
* Hsi Hseng Township
* Pinlaung Township

Main cities and towns|

* Taunggyi
* Aungban
* Ayetharyar
* Chinshwehaw
* Hong Pai
* Hopang
* Hopong
* Hseni
* Hsi Hseng
* Hsipaw
* Kalaw
* Kengtung
* Kholam
* Kunhing
* Kunlong
* Kutkai
* Kyaukme
* Kyethi
* Lai-Hka
* Langkho
* Lashio
* Laukkaing
* Lawksawk
* Loilen
* Mabein
* Mantong
* Mawkmai
* Mong Hpayak
* Mong Hsat
* Mong Hsu
* Mong Khet
* Mong Kung
* Mong Nai
* Mong Pan
* Mong Ping
* Mong Ton
* Mong Yang
* Mong Yawng
* Mongko
* Mongmit
* Mongyai
* Muse
* Nanhkan
* Namhsan
* Namtu
* Nansang
* Nawnghkio
* Nyaungshwe
* Panglong
* Pekon
* Pinlaung
* Ponparkyin
* Tachileik
* Tangyan

1 \- also part of Kyaukme District; 2 \- also part of Hopang District; 3 \- also part of Matman District

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China–Myanmar border crossings

Yunnan–Shan State|

* Diphu Pass
* Chinshwehaw–Qingshuihe
* Laukkai–Nansan
* Manhero–Yinjingzhai
* Mong La–Daluo
* Mong Ko–Manghai, Mangshi
* Muse–Ruili
* Namtit–Mangka
* Pangkham–Menglian
* Pang Hseng–Wanding

Yunnan–Kachin State|

* Lweje–Zhangfeng
* Laiza–Nabang
* Kanpaikti–Houqiao
* Mai Ja Yang–Zhangfeng
* Pang War–Diantan
* Hpimaw–Pianma

22°10′N 99°11′E﻿ / ﻿22.167°N 99.183°E﻿ / 22.167; 99.183
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