Pannonia Superior

Province of the Roman Empire (103-3rd century)

For other uses, see Upper Pannonia.

Provincia Pannonia Superior

Province of the Roman Empire
103 AD–3rd century

The province of Pannonia Superior within the Roman Empire, c. 125 AD
Capital| Carnuntum
History|

• Established

| 103 AD

• Disestablished

| 3rd century

Preceded by | Succeeded by

|

|  | Pannonia

|

| Pannonia Prima |

|

Pannonia Savia |
Pannonia Superior on a 17th-century map of Nicolas Sanson, French cartographer

Pannonia Superior (transl. 'Upper Pannonia') was a Roman province created from the division of Pannonia in 103 AD, its capital in Carnuntum. It overlapped in territory with modern-day Hungary, Croatia, Austria, Slovakia, and Slovenia.

## History

[edit]

It was as governor of the province that Septimius Severus made his bid for the Roman Imperial throne in April 193 CE.

In 308 Emperor Diocletian chaired a historic meeting with his co-emperors Maximian and Galerius in Carnuntum, to solve the rising tensions within the Tetrarchy. Diocletian and Maximian were both present on 11 November 308, to see Galerius appoint Licinius to be Augustus in place of Valerius Severus, who had died at the hands of Maxentius. Galerius ordered Maximian, who had attempted to return to power after his own retirement, to step down permanently. At Carnuntum people begged Diocletian to return to the throne, to resolve the conflicts that had arisen through Constantine the Great's rise to power and Maxentius' usurpation.[1] Diocletian's reply: "If you could show the cabbage that I planted with my own hands to your emperor, he definitely wouldn't dare suggest that I replace the peace and happiness of this place with the storms of a never-satisfied greed."[2]

## Cities

[edit]

Some of the important cities in Upper Pannonia were:

* Vindobona (today Vienna in Austria)
* Siscia (today Sisak in Croatia)
* Iovia Botivo (today Ludbreg in Croatia)
* Aquae Balissae (today Daruvar in Croatia)
* Andautonia (today Ščitarjevo in Croatia)
* Savaria (today Szombathely in Hungary)
* Scarbantia (today Sopron in Hungary)
* Arrabona (today Győr in Hungary)
* Poetovio (today Ptuj in Slovenia)

## Later usage

[edit]

The northern part of the 8th-century Frankish March of Pannonia was also called Upper Pannonia. The name can be found even much later in a similar, but wider, meaning. E.g. Otto von Freising (Chron. 6, 15) uses it to refer to Austria (i.e. Austria proper) in the 12th century.

## List of Roman governors

[edit]

* Publius Metilius Nepos 106-107/8[3]
* Lucius Minicius Natalis 113/114-117/118
* Lucius Cornelius Latinianus c. 126[4]
* Cornelius Proculus 130/131-133/134
* Lucius Aelius Caesar 136-137
* Titus Haterius Nepos 137-c. 141[5]
* Marcus Pontius Laelianus Larcius Sabinus c. 145-c. 150
* Claudius Maximus c. 150-c. 155
* Marcus Nonius Macrinus c. 159-c. 162
* Lucius Dasumius Tullius Tuscus c. 162-c. 166
* Marcus Iallus Bassus Fabius Valerianus c. 166-c. 169
* Gaius Julius Commodus Orfitianus c. 169-c. 172
* Sextus Quintilius Maximus c. 175-c. 179
* Gaius Vettius Sabinianus Julius Hospes between 182 and 191[6]
* Prastina Messalinus after 185 to 191
* Septimius Severus 191-193
* Lucius Fabius Clio 197-c. 201
* Tiberius Claudius Claudianus between 201 and 207
* Egnatius Victor c. 207
* Cassius Dio between 226 and 229

## See also

[edit]

* Pannonia
* Roman provinces
* Roman Empire

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Barnes, Constantine and Eusebius, 31–32; Lenski, 65; Odahl, 90.
2. ^ Aurelius Victor, Epitome de Caesaribus 39.6.
3. ^ Unless otherwise noted, governors from 103 to 137 are taken from Werner Eck, "Jahres- und Provinzialfasten der senatorischen Statthalter von 69/70 bis 138/139", Chiron, 12 (1982), pp. 281-362; 13 (1983), pp. 147-237
4. ^ Margaret Roxan and Paul Holder, Roman Military Diplomas IV, published as Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies. Supplement, No. 82 (2003), pp. 463f
5. ^ Unless otherwise noted, governors from 137 to 179 are taken from Géza Alföldy, Konsulat und Senatorenstand unter der Antoninen (Bonn: Rudolf Habelt Verlag, 1977), pp. 235-238
6. ^ Legates for A.D. 182 to 238 are based on Paul M.M. Leunissen, Konsuln und konsulare in der zeit von Commodus bis Severus Alexander: 180-235 n. Chr. (Amsterdam: Verlag J.C. Gieben, 1989), pp. 258f

## Sources

[edit]

* Epitome de Caesaribus (translation) ca. 395.
* Barnes, Timothy D., Constantine and Eusebius. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1981. ISBN 978-0-674-16531-1
* Lenski, Noel. "The Reign of Constantine." In The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Constantine, edited by Noel Lenski, 59–90. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006. Hardcover ISBN 0-521-81838-9 Paperback ISBN 0-521-52157-2
* Odahl, Charles Matson. Constantine and the Christian Empire. New York: Routledge, 2004. Hardcover ISBN 0-415-17485-6 Paperback ISBN 0-415-38655-1

## External links

[edit]

* Unrv.com: Roman Empire — Pannonia
* Geocities.com: Map of Pannonia Superior

* v
* t
* e

Provinces of the early Roman Empire (117 AD)

* Achaia
* Aegyptus
* Africa proconsularis
* Alpes Cottiae
* Alpes Maritimae
* Alpes Graiae et Poeninae
* Arabia Petraea
* Armenia
* Asia
* Assyria
* Bithynia and Pontus
* Britannia
* Cappadocia
* Cilicia
* Corsica and Sardinia
* Crete and Cyrenaica
* Cyprus
* Dacia
* Dalmatia
* Epirus
* Galatia
* Gallia Aquitania
* Gallia Belgica
* Gallia Lugdunensis
* Gallia Narbonensis
* Germania Inferior
* Germania Superior
* Hispania Baetica
* Hispania Lusitania
* Hispania Tarraconensis
* Italia †
* Iudaea
* Lycia et Pamphylia
* Macedonia
* Mauretania Caesariensis
* Mauretania Tingitana
* Mesopotamia
* Moesia Inferior
* Moesia Superior
* Noricum
* Pannonia Inferior
* Pannonia Superior
* Raetia
* Sicilia
* Syria
* Thracia

† Italy was never constituted as a province, instead retaining a special juridical status until Diocletian's reforms.

* v
* t
* e

Roman governors

* Achaia
* Aegyptus
* Africa proconsularis
* Alpes (Alpes Cottiae, Alpes Maritimae and Alpes Poeninae)
* Arabia Petraea
* Armenia
* Asia
* Assyria
* Bithynia and Pontus
* Britannia
* Cappadocia
* Cilicia
* Corsica and Sardinia
* Crete and Cyrenaica
* Cyprus
* Dacia
* Dalmatia
* Epirus
* Galatia
* Gaul (Gallia Aquitania, Gallia Belgica, Gallia Lugdunensis and Gallia Narbonensis)
* Germania (Germania Inferior and Germania Superior)
* Hispania (Hispania Baetica and Hispania Tarraconensis)
* Judaea
* Lusitania
* Lycia et Pamphylia
* Macedonia
* Mauretania (Mauretania Caesariensis and Mauretania Tingitana)
* Mesopotamia
* Moesia (Moesia Inferior and Moesia Superior)
* Noricum
* Pannonia (Pannonia Inferior and Pannonia Superior)
* Raetia
* Sicilia
* Syria
* Thracia

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF

Geographic|

* Pleiades

*[transl.]: translation
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template