Panthera tigris trinilensis

Extinct subspecies of carnivore

Panthera tigris trinilensis

Temporal range: Pleistocene

PreꞒ

A fossil found, thought to be of a Trinil tiger
Scientific classification
Domain:  | Eukaryota
Kingdom:  | Animalia
Phylum:  | Chordata
Class:  | Mammalia
Order:  | Carnivora
Suborder:  | Feliformia
Family:  | Felidae
Subfamily:  | Pantherinae
Genus:  | Panthera
Species:  |

P. tigris

Subspecies:  |

†P. t. trinilensis

Trinomial name
†Panthera tigris trinilensis

Dubois, 1908

Panthera tigris trinilensis, known as the Trinil tiger, is an extinct tiger subspecies dating from about 1.2 million years ago that was found at the locality of Trinil, Java, Indonesia.[1] The fossil remains are now stored in the Dubois Collection of the National Museum of Natural History in Leiden, the Netherlands. Although these fossils have been found on Java, the Trinil tiger is probably not a direct ancestor of the Javan tiger. The fossils are also an evidence that these tigers had large bodies. Their competitor's may have preyed on same individuals which resulted in limiting resources and food competition leading to extinction.[2] The Trinil tiger probably became extinct 50,000 years ago. The Bali tiger was also not closely related to the Trinil because of their time differences.[3]

It lived in Indonesia, particularly in Java and Trinil, and according to some zoologists, it could be the ancestor of all known Indonesian subspecies. Perhaps, East Asia was a center of the origin of Pantherinae. The oldest tiger fossils found in Early Pleistocene Java show that about two million years ago, tigers were already quite common in East Asia. However, the glacial and interglacial climatic variations and other geological events may have caused repeated geographic changes in the area.[4][5]

## Taxonomy

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Much research has been done but there is not much knowledge about this subspecies. Scientists have discovered a fossil that is believed to belong to the Trinil tiger. However, there were doubts that the fossil could belong to the Trinil tiger because it was too big to belong to it. But now it is thought that it might have been a bit smaller than the Bengal tigers and similar to the Indochinese tiger's size.[3] Food competition among large carnivores is a major incentive to increase body weight, so that this Pleistocene subspecies's weight was slightly less than today's Bengal tigers and weighed about 110–150 kg (240–330 lb).[6]

## See also

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* Bornean tiger
* Panthera tigris acutidens
* Panthera tigris soloensis
* Panthera zdanskyi

## Notes and references

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### References

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1. ^ Brongersma, Leo (1937). "Notes on fossil and prehistoric remains of "Felidae" from Java and Sumatra". Comptes Rendus du XIIe Congrès Internacional de Zoologie (Lisboa, 1935): 1855–1865.
2. ^ Volmer, Rebekka; Hertler, Christine; van der Geer, Alexandra (2016-01-01). "Niche overlap and competition potential among tigers (Panthera tigris), sabertoothed cats (Homotherium ultimum, Hemimachairodus zwierzyckii) and Merriam's Dog (Megacyon merriami) in the Pleistocene of Java". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 441: 901–911\. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.10.039. hdl:10795/3286. ISSN 0031-0182.
3. ^ a b Eugène Dubois (1908). "Das geologische Alter der Kendengoder Trinil-Fauna". Tijdschrift van het Koninklijke Nedeerlandsch Aardrijkskundig Genootschap. 2 Series 24: 1235–1271.
4. ^ Leo Daniel Brongersma (1935). "Notes on some recent and fossil cats, chiefly from the Malay Archipelago". Zoologische Mededelingen. 18: 1–89.
5. ^ Helmut Hemmer (1971). "Fossil mammals of Java. II. Zur Fossilgeschichte des Tigers (Panthera tigris (L.)) in Java". Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen. Ser. B. 74 (1): 35–52.
6. ^ Hallett, M.; Harris, J. (2020). "4. Beyond the Distant Horizons". On the Prowl: In Search of Big Cat Origins. New York Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press. pp. 77–108\. doi:10.7312/hall18450-006.

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