Parliament House, New Delhi

Seat of the Parliament of India

"Parliament House, India" and "Sansad Bhavan" redirect here. For the building used from 1947–2023, see Old Parliament House, New Delhi.

Parliament House

Saṁsada Bhavana

The Parliament House with the Old Parliament House in the background

General information
Address| 118, Rafi Marg
Town or city| New Delhi
Country| India
Coordinates| 28°37′02″N 77°12′36″E﻿ / ﻿28.61722°N 77.21000°E﻿ / 28.61722; 77.21000
Current tenants| Parliament of India
Groundbreaking| 1 October 2020
Completed| 20 May 2023
Opened| 28 May 2023
Inaugurated| 19 September 2023
Client| Central Public Works Department
Owner| Government of India
Height| 39.6 metres
Technical details
Floor count| 4
Grounds| 64,500 m2 (694,000 sq ft)
Design and construction
Architect(s)| Bimal Patel
Architecture firm| HCP Design, Planning and Management
Main contractor| Tata Projects
Other information
Seating capacity| 1,272
(Lok Sabha chamber: 888
Rajya Sabha chamber: 384)
Public transit access|  Central Secretariat
Website
sansad.in

Parliament House (ISO: Saṁsada Bhavana) in New Delhi is the seat of the Parliament of India. It houses the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, which are lower and upper houses respectively in India's bicameral parliament. It is located on Rafi Marg in Central Vista, the central administrative area in New Delhi. It is located to the east of the Old Parliament House, amongst the other administrative buildings of the Indian government.

The Old Parliament House was constructed in 1927. Proposals for a new parliament building to replace the old one emerged in the early 2010s due to the ageing of the old building. In 2019, the proposal to construct a new parliament building was unveiled by the Government of India as part of the Central Vista Redevelopment Project. It was inaugurated on 28 May 2023 by then Indian prime minister Narendra Modi. The new building was first used for official business on 19 September 2023 during a special session of the parliament.

## Background

[edit]

The Old Parliament House was a sandstone building opened in January 1927 and was designed by the British architects Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker.[1][2] Proposal for a new parliament building to replace the existing complex emerged in the 2010s due to ageing of the old building and space constraints.[3] A committee to suggest alternatives to the current building was set up by the then speaker of the Lok Sabha Meira Kumar in 2012.[4]

## Planning and construction

[edit]

In 2019, the Indian government launched the Central Vista Redevelopment Project, which aimed at redeveloping the area around the Central Vista, the major administrative area in New Delhi.[5][6][7] The project included a plan to construct a new parliament building at plot number 118 of the Parliament Estate in Rafi Marg.[8][9] The new building was designed by architect Bimal Patel for the firm HCP Design, Planning and Management.[10] The construction contract was awarded by the Central Public Works Department to Tata Projects.[11] Tata Projects bid the lowest at ₹8.62 billion (equivalent to ₹10 billion or US$120 million in 2023), ahead of Larsen and Toubro, who had bid ₹8.65 billion (equivalent to ₹10 billion or US$120 million in 2023).[12]

The groundbreaking ceremony for the project was held in October 2020.[13] On 7 December 2020, the Central Vista Redevelopment Project was put on hold by a bench of the Supreme Court of India led by A. M. Khanwilkar until the resolution of pleas received against the project in the court.[14] However, the court allowed the foundation laying ceremony to go ahead as planned on 10 December 2020.[14] The foundation stone was laid by then prime minister Narendra Modi on 10 December 2020 in a ceremony that included an interfaith prayer service performed by leaders from various religions.[15][16][17] The project was cleared in a majority judgment of the Supreme Court in January 2021, with riders for environmental concerns.[18]

The construction of the building commenced in January 2021.[19] The construction involved sourcing materials from various parts of the country. The red and white sandstone, greenstone, and red granite were procured from Rajasthan, the teak wood from Maharashtra, and the carpets from Uttar Pradesh.[20] On 11 July 2022, a statue of the country's national emblem was unveiled on the top of the new building.[21][22] The main structure of the building was completed in August 2022.[23] The construction of the entire project was completed on 20 May 2023.[10]

## Design

[edit]

Side view with the sculpture of the Indian emblem mounted on the top

The new building is triangular in shape and is situated besides the old building.[24][25] Spread across an area of 64,500 m2 (694,000 sq ft), the new building has four floors.[26] The building has a built up area of 20,866 m2 (224,600 sq ft) with an open-sky area of 2,000 m2 (22,000 sq ft), and split into three sections.[27] The building is designed to have a lifespan of more than 150 years.[10] The building is designed to be of the same height as the old building and was built to be earthquake resistant.[28]

The Parliament House has three gates named Gyan Dwar (knowledge gate), Shakti Dwar (power gate), and Karma Dwar (karma gate).[29] The building has six entrances named after the mythological creatures–gaja, ashva, garuda, makara, shardula, and hamsa, whose statues stand guard on both sides of the respective entrances. The national flag is hoisted at the gaja dwar, and the makara dwar opens up to the old parliament building.[30] A large 6.5 m (21 ft) high cast sculpture of the Indian national emblem, weighing 9,500 kg (20,900 lb), is placed on top of the building.[31]

The three sections of the building has been constructed on the themes based on the national symbols– banyan tree, peacock and lotus.[20] The complex has separate chambers for the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, the two houses of India's bicameral legislature. The Lok Sabha chamber is designed on a blue-green theme based a peacock and has a seating capacity for 888 members.[26][32] The Rajya Sabha chamber is designed in a red theme based on a lotus and has a seating capacity for 384 members.[26][32] The Lok Sabha chamber can be expanded to house 1,272 members in case of a joint session of the parliament.[15] A sculpture of the Ashok Chakra is placed above the speaker's seat in both the chambers.[20] The Sengol, a silver and gold plated 5 ft (1.5 m) long sceptre adorned by the image of a Nandi, is placed besides the seat of the speaker in the Lok Sabha chamber.[33][34]

Rajya Sabha (left) and Lok Sabha chambers

The building also hosts a central Grand Constitution Hall, and a banyan tree in the open sky area.[35] There are separate offices for the members, a library, and a lounge in the complex.[10] The crafts gallery (Shilp Deergha) was conceptualised with eight themes: parv (festival), swabalamban (self-reliance), prakriti (nature), ullas (joy), gyan (wisdom), samrasta (harmony), astha (faith), and yatra (journey). It consists of about 255 crafts sourced from around 400 artisans from across the country.[36] There are statues of leaders such as Mahatma Gandhi, and Chanakya in the premises of the new building.[29] A foucault pendulum, created by the National Council of Science Museums, is suspended from the ceiling of the central foyer and measures 22 m (72 ft) in height 22 meters and weighs 36 kg (79 lb).[37]

## Inauguration

[edit]

Inauguration of the new building

On 28 May 2023, then Indian prime minister Modi officially opened the new parliament building.[38] The prime minister unveiling a plaque dedicating the building to the nation and addressed a gathering of lawmakers.[39][40] As part of the inauguration ceremony, a homam was conducted,[38] followed by an all-religious prayer performed by leaders from various religious faiths.[41] The Sengol was installed following the Tamil Hindu tradition after being handed over by the Adheenams (Shaivite priests) the prime minister Modi.[42][43][44]

The opposition parties largely abstained from the event.[45][46] They expressed concern that the president, the head of state and highest constitutional authority, was sidelined from the event.[47] They also accused the government of passing controversial legislation without adequate debate and criticized the "disqualification, suspension, and muting" of opposition lawmakers.[48] Rahul Gandhi of the Indian National Congress, accused the prime minister of treating the ceremony like a coronation, and emphasized the need for parliamentary proceedings to remain focused on representing the people rather than showcasing personal grandeur.[49] Despite the boycott and criticism led by the opposition, more than 300 members of parliament attended the inauguration.[50][51]

On 19 September 2023, the first house proceedings at the new building commenced as a part of a special session of the parliament.[52][53] On the same day, Women's Reservations Bill, 2023 was introduced in the parliament.[54][55]

## Diplomatic row

[edit]

A mural that depicted a map of undivided India during the Maurya Empire was placed in the new building.[56] On 28 May 2023, India's minister of parliamentary affairs Pralhad Joshi tweeted a photo of the mural with a caption in Kannada roughly translated to "Resolve is clear – Akhand Bharat".[57]

On 30 May 2023, Nepal's leader of opposition and former prime minister KP Sharma Oli criticised the action stating that "If a country like India that sees itself as an ancient and strong country and as a model of democracy puts Nepali territories in its map and hangs the map in Parliament, it cannot be called fair".[58] Baburam Bhattarai, chairman of the Nepal Socialist Party, stated that the issue "has the potential of further aggravating the trust deficit already vitiating the bilateral relations between most of the immediate neighbours of India".[59]

On 1 June 2023, Mumtaz Zahra Baloch, the spokesperson of Pakistan's ministry of foreign affairs, expressed concern stating that "We are appalled by the statements made by some BJP politicians, including a union minister, linking the mural with 'Akhand Bharat'".[60] On 6 June 2023, Shahriar Alam, Bangladesh's minister of state for foreign affairs stated that his government is in the process of seeking clarification from India regarding the map.[61]

The Indian government said that the mural depicted the era of the old Mauryan empire and represented 'people-oriented governance', and had no political motives.[62] Arindam Bagchi, the spokesperson of India's ministry of external affairs clarified that the mural depicted the Mauryan period in Indian history.[63] On 8 June 2023, India's minister of external affairs S. Jaishankar further said that Pakistan cannot understand it because it does not have the power to understand and added that the neighbouring countries will understand the meaning of the mural.[64]

## Incidents

[edit]

Main article: 2023 Indian Parliament breach

On 13 December 2023, two intruders from the visitor's gallery entered the Lok Sabha chamber and threw smoke bombs.[65] The proceedings of both the houses were adjourned initially before resuming after a while, and the speaker the Lok Sabha Om Birla initiated a probe into the incident.[66] Members of parliament questioned this major security lapse. Four people were arrested including two people inside the building, for the attack.[67] As a result of the incident, visitor rules were changed to include mandatory verifications.[68]

## References

[edit]

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32. ^ a b "Carpets woven by 900 artisans, lotus motif in RS, peacock for LS, Constitutional Hall: Grandeur of new Parliament". India Today. 28 May 2023. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
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34. ^ B. A. Vasanth, Pon. "Sengol: Evidence thin on government's claims about the sceptre". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 27 May 2023. Retrieved 27 May 2023.
35. ^ Anand, Nisha (19 September 2023). "Why is new Parliament building triangular-shaped? All features explained". The Hindustan Times. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
36. ^ "The assembling of new Parliament building". The Hindu. 18 June 2023. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
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39. ^ "At the inauguration of the new Parliament House, PM Modi will establish the historical and sacred "Sengol" in the Parliament House". Press Information Bureau (Press release). 24 May 2023. Archived from the original on 30 September 2023. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
40. ^ "New Parliament building will make every Indian proud, says PM Modi". The Hindu. 26 May 2023. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 14 January 2025. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
41. ^ "Religious leaders perform 'Sarva Dharma Prarthana' at new Parliament building, say all should work for country's growth". Firstpost. 28 May 2023. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
42. ^ Nirmitha Rao, Lingamgunta (24 May 2023). "'Sengol' (sceptre) to be installed by PM Modi in new Parliament on May 28: All you need to know". The Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 24 May 2023. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
43. ^ "Historic 'Sengol' installed in new Parliament building by PM Modi". The Hindustan Times. 28 May 2023. Archived from the original on 30 May 2023. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
44. ^ Saha, Poulomi (24 May 2023). "Sacred ritual steeped in Tamil culture: How PM Modi will install Sengol in new Parliament building". India Today. Archived from the original on 24 May 2023. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
45. ^ "New parliament: PM Modi inaugurates building amid opposition boycott". BBC News. 28 May 2023. Archived from the original on 28 May 2023. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
46. ^ Jain, Rupam (24 May 2023). "Opposition parties to boycott new parliament inauguration by India's Modi". Reuters. Retrieved 1 June 2023.
47. ^ "Modi opponents boycott opening of new Indian Parliament; PM says it breaks with colonial past". AP News. 28 May 2023. Archived from the original on 2 June 2023. Retrieved 1 June 2023.
48. ^ "New parliament building: India opposition boycott casts shadow on inauguration". BBC News. 25 May 2023. Archived from the original on 1 June 2023. Retrieved 1 June 2023.
49. ^ "PM treating inauguration of new Parliament building as coronation: Rahul Gandhi". The Hindu. 28 May 2023. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 1 June 2023.
50. ^ "How many parties attending new Parliament's inauguration, how many absent? What numbers say". The Hindustan Times. 28 May 2023. Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
51. ^ "New Parliament inauguration: Who's attending, who's not — here's the full list". The Indian Express. 27 May 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
52. ^ "Parliament special session to be held from Sept 18-22, all-party meet on Sept 17; here's what you need to know". Business Today. 14 September 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2024.
53. ^ "How the new Parliament building is readying for special session". Firstpost. 12 September 2023. Archived from the original on 14 January 2025. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
54. ^ Phukan, Sandeep (20 September 2023). "Lok Sabha passes historic women's reservation Bill". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
55. ^ "Women's Reservation Act of 2023: A Symbolic Gesture or a Significant Stride Towards Empowerment?". Economic and Political Weekly. Archived from the original on 15 June 2024. Retrieved 15 April 2025.
56. ^ Mogul, Rhea (14 June 2023). "Why a map in India's new Parliament is making its neighbors nervous". CNN. Archived from the original on 30 June 2023. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
57. ^ "Why a map in India's new parliament has riled its neighbours". Al Jazeera. 7 June 2023. Archived from the original on 9 June 2023. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
58. ^ "Mural in new Parliament with Akhand Bharat overtones upsets Nepal's politicians". The Hindustan Times. 31 May 2023. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
59. ^ "Row in Nepal over Akhand Bharat mural in India's new Parliament". The Hindu. 1 June 2023. Archived from the original on 9 June 2023. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
60. ^ Khan, Iftikhar A. (2 June 2023). "BJP's 'Akhand Bharat' narrative angers Islamabad". Dawn News. Archived from the original on 9 June 2023. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
61. ^ "Bangladesh government seeking clarification from MEA on 'Akhand Bharat' map in new Parliament building". The Hindu. 6 June 2023. Archived from the original on 9 June 2023. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
62. ^ "Mural of 'undivided India' in India's new parliament building sparks diplomatic row". The Independent. 7 June 2023. Archived from the original on 9 June 2023. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
63. ^ "Bangladesh government seeking clarification from MEA on 'Akhand Bharat' map in new Parliament building". The Hindu. 6 June 2023. Archived from the original on 10 June 2023. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
64. ^ "S Jaishankar on row over Akhand Bharat mural in new Parliament". Business Today. 9 June 2023. Archived from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
65. ^ "Huge Parliament Security Breach: 4 People, 2 Incidents, Smoke In Lok Sabha". NDTV. Archived from the original on 13 December 2023. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
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68. ^ "After Parliament security breach, rules for visitors' passes tightened". The Hindu. 31 January 2024. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.

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Games|

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* 2010 Men's Hockey World Cup
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* 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup
* Delhi Half Marathon

Culture|

* Independence Day
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* Cinema
* Shopping
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* Qutub Festival
* Punjabi cuisine

Other templates|

* Hindu temples
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Related|

* Buildings and structures
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* Notable people from Delhi
* List of cities in India by population

* India portal

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Parliament of India

President|

* President of India
* List

Lok Sabha|

* Speaker
* Deputy Speaker
* Secretariat
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* Constituencies
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Rajya Sabha|

* Chairperson
* List
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* MPRS
* List
* Nominated Members
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Parliamentary committees|

| Standing|

* Estimates
* Defence
* Finance
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* Public Undertakings

|

Ad hoc|

* A. Mehta
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* JPC
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Legislative procedures|

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* Voice Vote

Miscellaneous|

* 2001 Parliament attack
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