Parliament of Ghana

Unicameral legislature of Ghana

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Parliament of Ghana

9th Parliament of the 4th Republic
Type
Type|

Unicameral

Leadership

Speaker

Alban Bagbin (NDC)

First Deputy Speaker

Bernard Ahiafor (NDC)[1]

Second Deputy Speaker

Andrew Asiamah Amoako (NPP)[1]

Majority Leader

Mahama Ayariga (NDC)

Minority Leader

Alexander Afenyo-Markin (NPP)[2][3]

Structure
Seats| 276[5]

Political groups

| Majority (183)[4]

*   NDC (183)

Minority (92)

*   NPP (88)
*   Independent (4)

Elections

Voting system

| First-past-the-post

Last election

| 7 December 2024

Next election

| 7 December 2028
Meeting place
Parliament House
Accra, Greater Accra
Republic of Ghana
Website
www.parliament.gh

The Parliament of Ghana is the unicameral legislature of Ghana. It consists of 276 members, who are elected for four-year terms in single-seat constituencies using a first-past-the-post voting system.

## History

[edit]

Legislative representation in Ghana dates back to 1850, when the country was a British colony known as Gold Coast.[6] The body called the Legislative Council, was purely advisory as the Governor exercised all legislative and executive powers. Reforms were introduced in 1916 and 1925, although the governor's power remained extensive. In 1946, a new constitution was introduced that allowed for an unofficial member of the Legislative Council to become its president while the governor ceased to be the ex officio president of the body. This system continued until 1951 when the Legislature elected its first Speaker \- Sir Emmanuel Charles Quist.

1951 was also the first year that elections based on universal suffrage was held. The Convention People's Party (CPP), formed in 1949 and led by Kwame Nkrumah won the election that was held. Another party called the United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC) led by J.B. Danquah performed poorly and was disbanded soon after. Nkrumah, who had been jailed in early 1950 for subversion, was released and appointed Leader of Government Business, becoming the country's first Prime Minister in the following year.

Legislative Assembly elections held in 1954 resulted in another CPP victory, with the party winning 71 out of a total of 104 seats. It also won 71 out of 104 seats in the 1956 Legislative Assembly election. The Gold Coast was renamed to Ghana and granted independence on Wednesday, 6 March 1957, while retaining the British monarch as head of state. The Legislative Assembly was renamed National Assembly.

After the approval of a new Republican constitution, Ghana officially became a republic on 1 July 1960 with Kwame Nkrumah as its President. The plebiscite was taken as a fresh mandate from the people and the terms of National Assembly members were extended for another five years. A one-party state was introduced following a referendum in 1964. As a result, only CPP candidates stood in the National Assembly Election held in 1965. Nkrumah was overthrown in 1966 by the military, which banned political parties and dissolved the National Assembly.

The country returned to civilian rule in 1969. Elections held on 29 August same year resulted in victory for the Progress Party (PP) of Kofi Abrefa Busia, which won 105 of the National Assembly's 140 seats. He took office as Prime Minister on 3 September 1969. His government was toppled in a 1972 military coup.

During the Third Republic, which lasted from 1979 to 1981, the dominant party in the National Assembly was the People's National Party (PNP), led by Hilla Limann, which won 71 out of 104 seats in elections held on 18 June 1979. After the military intervened in 1981, all elected institutions were dissolved and political party activity was prohibited.[citation needed]

Parliament of the Fourth Republic

After 11 years of military rule, a new constitution was approved in a 1992 referendum. Presidential elections were held in November and were won by Jerry Rawlings, leader of the 1981 coup and subsequent military ruler. The opposition contested the results and boycotted the December parliamentary elections. As a result, Rawlings' National Democratic Congress (NDC) won 189 out of 200 seats in Parliament.

All parties participated in the 1996 parliamentary elections. The NDC won 133 out of a total of 200 seats, while the main opposition New Patriotic Party (NPP) won 60. Two smaller political party groups won the remaining seats.

The 2000 elections were significant in the sense that, President Rawlings was constitutionally barred from seeking another term. In the presidential poll, John Kufuor of the NPP defeated the NDC candidate John Atta Mills in a run-off election. In the 200-seat Parliament, the NPP won 100, followed by the NDC's 92. Smaller political party groups and independent candidates won the remaining seats.

Kufuor was re-elected in 2004 and the New Patriotic Party (NPP) won 128 out of 230 seats in the concurrent parliamentary election. The main opposition National Democratic Congress (NDC) won 94, while two other parties - The People's National Convention (PNC) and Convention People's Party (CPP) - won 4 and 3 seats respectively. Independent candidates captured the remaining seat.

The simple majority (or First Past the Post) voting system is used in Ghana's parliamentary elections. Since 2012, the country is divided into 275 single-member constituencies. Members serve four-year terms.

### Leadership structure

[edit]

U.S. President Barack Obama shakes hands after delivering a speech to the Ghanaian Parliament at the Parliament House in July 2009 US Speaker Nancy Pelosi delivering a speech to the Ghanaian Parliament at the Parliament House in July 2019

* Speaker \- The Speaker presides over the Parliament and enforces observance of all rules that govern its conduct. After a general election, the majority party in Parliament in consultation with other parties nominates a Speaker.[7]

The Speaker cannot be a Member of Parliament though they must possess the qualifications to stand for elections as a Member of Parliament, such person on appointment as Speaker must resign and declare the seat occupied in Parliament as vacant. The Speaker is assisted by two Deputy Speakers (First and Second Deputy Speakers), who are elected at the commencement of every Parliament. They must come from different political parties. The current Speaker is Alban Kingsford Sumani Bagbin.[8]

* First Deputy Speaker \- The First Deputy Speaker presides over the sittings of Parliament whenever the Speaker is absent. The current First Deputy Speaker is Hon. Bernard Ahiafor of the National Democratic Congress (NDC).
* Second Deputy Speaker \- The Second Deputy Speaker presides over the sittings of Parliament in the absence of the Speaker and the First Deputy Speaker. The current Second Deputy Speaker is Andrew Amoako Asiamah an independent candidate.
* Majority Leader \- The Majority Leader is appointed from the party with a majority of parliamentary seats. A deputy majority leader and a majority chief whip assist him, constituting the majority leadership of Parliament. The current Majority Leader is Mahama Ayariga \- of the NDC.
* Deputy Majority Leader\- A deputy majority leader and a chief whip assist him, constituting the Majority leadership of Parliament. The current Deputy Majority Leader is Kweku George Ricketts Hagan of the NDC.
* Minority Leader \- The Minority leader is elected from the second largest party in Parliament. A deputy minority leader and a chief whip assist him, constituting the minority leadership of Parliament. The current Minority Leader is Alexander Afenyo-Markin of the NPP.
* Deputy Minority Leader \- A deputy minority leader and a chief whip assist him, constituting the minority leadership of Parliament. The current Deputy Minority Leader is Patricia Appiagyei of the NPP.

### 2020 elections

[edit]

Main article: 2020 Ghanaian general election

The distribution of seats among the parties following the 2020 general election is as follows.[9]

### Composition of Parliament after the 2018 Ghanaian new regions referendum

[edit]

Region | NPP | NDC | Ind. | Total

|
|
|
|

Ahafo | 4  | 2  | \-  | 6
Ashanti | 42  | 4  | 1  | 47
Bono | 6  | 6  | \-  | 12
Bono East | 3  | 8  | \-  | 11
Central | 10  | 13  | \-  | 23
Eastern | 25  | 8  | \-  | 33
Greater Accra | 14  | 20  | \-  | 34
Northern | 9  | 9  | \-  | 18
North East | 4  | 2  | \-  | 6
Oti | \-  | 8  | \-  | 8
Savannah | 3  | 4  | \-  | 7
Upper East | 1  | 14  | \-  | 15
Upper West | 3  | 8  | \-  | 11
Volta | 1  | 17  | \-  | 18
Western | 9  | 8  | \-  | 17
Western North | 3  | 6  | \-  | 9
Total | 137  | 137  | 1  | 275

## Committees of Parliament

[edit]

As at November 2020, the Parliament had fourteen Standing Committees and sixteen Select Committees. There was also one ad hoc committee.[10]

Standing Committees:

Appointments • Business • Committee of Selection • Finance • Gender and Children
Government Assurance • House • Judiciary • Members Holding Offices of Profit • Privileges
Public Accounts • Special Budget • Standing Orders • Subsidiary Legislation

Select Committees:

Communications • Constitutional, Legal and Parliamentary Affairs • Defence and Interior • Education • Employment, Social Welfare and State Enterprises
Environment, Science and Technology • Food, Agriculture and Cocoa Affairs • Foreign Affairs • Health • Lands and Forestry • Local Government and Rural Development
Mines and Energy • Roads and Transport • Standing Orders • Trade, Industry and Tourism • Works and Housing • Youth, Sports and Culture

Ad-hoc Committee:
Poverty Reduction Strategy committee

## Past Speakers of the National Assembly/Parliament

[edit]

Main article: Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana

### Gold Coast (1951 – 1957)

[edit]

Speaker of the Legislative Assembly and National Assembly in 1957

Name  | Took office  | Left office  | Notes

|
|
|

Emmanuel Charles Quist | March 1951  | December 1957  | [11]

### Independent State within the Commonwealth (1957 – 1960) / First Republic (1960 – 1966)

[edit]

Ghanaian Parliamentary Election Map, 2008

Map of Ghana's parliamentary constituencies as per MP's party affiliation as at 2008. NB: Where constituencies are too small to be shown (i.e. Accra and Tamale Metropolitan Areas) the majority party elected in the district is shown.

Green: National Democratic Congress (NDC) Blue:  New Patriotic Party (NPP) Yellow: People's National Convention (PNC) Red: Convention People's Party (CPP)

Grey: Independent

Speakers of the National Assembly

Name  | Took office  | Left office  | Notes

|
|
|

Augustus Molade Akiwumi | February 1958  | June 1960  | [11]
Joseph Richard Asiedu | July 1960  | June 1965  | [11]
Kofi Asante Ofori-Atta | 10 June 1965  | 24 February 1966  | [11]

### Second Republic (1969 – 1972)

[edit]

Speaker of the National Assembly

Name  | Took office  | Left office  | Notes

|
|
|

Nii Amaa Ollennu | October 1969  | 13 January 1972  | [11]

### Third Republic (1979 – 1981)

[edit]

Speaker of the National Assembly

Name  | Took office  | Left office  | Notes

|
|
|

Jacob Hackenbug Griffiths-Randolph | 24 September 1979  | 31 December 1981  | [11]

### Fourth Republic (1992 – present)

[edit]

Speakers of Parliament

Name  | Took office  | Left office  | Notes

|
|
|

Daniel Francis Annan | 7 January 1993  | 6 January 2001  | [11]
Peter Ala Adjetey | 7 January 2001  | 6 January 2005  | [11]
Ebenezer Sekyi Hughes | 7 January 2005  | 6 January 2009  | [11]
Joyce Adeline Bamford-Addo | 7 January 2009  | 6 January 2013  | [11]
Edward Adjaho | 7 January 2013  | 6 January 2017  | [11]
Aaron Mike Oquaye | 7 January 2017  | 6 January 2021  | [11]
Alban Sumani Bagbin | 7 January 2021  | Incumbent  | [8]

## Members of parliament

[edit]

* For a list of current members, see List of MPs elected in the 2020 Ghanaian general election.

The composition of the Parliament has changed over the years. There were 140 members in both the Second and the Third Republic parliaments.

* 2nd Republic parliament: 1969 — 1972
* 3rd Republic parliament: 1979 — 1981

In the current Fourth Republic, the number of MPs first increased to 200 and subsequently to 275. There have been 8 parliaments so far in the Fourth Republic.[12] The list of its members are below.

* 1st parliament: 1993 — 1997
* 2nd parliament: 1997 — 2001
* 3rd parliament: 2001 — 2005
* 4th parliament: 2005 — 2009
* 5th parliament: 2009 — 2013
* 6th parliament: 2013 — 2017
* 7th parliament: 2017 — 2021
* 8th parliament: 2021 — 2025
* 9th parliament 2025 — present

## Parliamentary constituencies

[edit]

Main article: Ghana Parliament constituencies

Parliamentary Constituencies of Ghana

* v
* t
* e

Constituencies in Ashanti

NPP|

* Adansi-Asokwa
* Afigya Kwabre North
* Afigya Kwabre South
* Afigya Sekyere East
* Ahafo Ano South East
* Ahafo Ano South West
* Asante-Akim Central
* Asante-Akim North
* Asante-Akim South
* Asokwa
* Atwima-Kwanwoma
* Atwima-Mponua
* Atwima-Nwabiagya North
* Atwima-Nwabiagya South
* Bantama
* Bekwai
* Bosome-Freho
* Bosomtwe
* Effiduase-Asokore
* Ejisu
* Ejura-Sekyedumase
* Fomena
* Juaben
* Kumawu
* Kwabre East
* Kwadaso
* Mampong North
* Mampong South
* Manso-Adubia
* Manso-Nkwanta
* Manhyia North
* Manhyia South
* Nhyiaeso
* Nsuta-Kwamang-Beposo
* Obuasi East
* Obuasi West
* Odotobri
* Offinso North
* Offinso South
* Oforikrom
* Old Tafo
* Suame
* Subin

NDC|

* Ahafo Ano North
* Asawase
* New Edubease
* Sekyere Afram Plain

* NPP (43)
* NDC (4)

* v
* t
* e

Constituencies in the Brong-Ahafo Region of Ghana

NDC|

* Atebubu-Amantin
* Jaman North
* Kintampo North
* Kintampo South
* Pru
* Sene
* Tain
* Techiman South

NPP|

* Asunafo North
* Asunafo South
* Asutifi North
* Berekum
* Dormaa East
* Dormaa West
* Jaman South
* Nkoranza North

* Nkoranza South
* Sunyani East
* Sunyani West
* Tano North
* Tano South
* Techiman North
* Wenchi

Awaiting election|

* Asutifi South

* NDC (8)
* NPP (15)

* v
* t
* e

Constituencies in the Central Region of Ghana

NDC|

* Abura-Asebu
* Ajumako-Enyan-Essiam
* Awutu-Senya
* Cape Coast
* Effutu
* Gomoa East
* Gomoa West
* Komenda-Edina-Eguafo-Abirem
* Mfantseman-East
* Mfantseman-West
* Twifo-Atii Morkwaa

NPP|

* Agona East
* Agona West
* Asikuma-Odoben-Brakwa
* Assin North
* Assin South
* Hemang Lower Denkyira
* Upper Denkyira East
* Upper Denkyira West

* NDC (11)
* NPP (8)

* v
* t
* e

Constituencies in the Eastern Region of Ghana

NDC|

* Afram Plains North
* Afram Plains South
* Asuogyaman
* Lower Manya
* Upper Manya
* Upper West Akim
* Yilo Krobo

NPP|

* Abetifi
* Abirem
* Abuakwa North
* Abuakwa South
* Aburi-Nsawam
* Akropong
* Akim Oda
* Akim Swedru
* Akwatia
* Atiwa
* Ayensuano
* Fanteakwa
* Kade
* Lower West Akim
* Mpraeso
* New Juaben North
* New Juaben South
* Ofoase-Ayirebi
* Okere
* Suhum

Independent|

* Nkawkaw

* NDC (7)
* NPP (20)
* Independent (1)

* v
* t
* e

Constituencies in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana

NDC|

* Ablekuma Central
* Ablekuma South
* Abokobi-Madina
* Ada
* Adenta
* Ashaiman
* Ayawaso East
* Dade Kotopon
* Domeabra-Obom
* Korle Klottey
* Krowor
* Kpone-Katamanso
* Ledzokuku
* Ningo-Prampram
* Odododiodio
* Sege
* Shai-Osudoku
* Trobu-Amasaman

NPP|

* Ablekuma North
* Ayawaso Central
* Ayawaso West
* Dome-Kwabenya
* Okaikwei North
* Okaikwei South
* Tema East
* Tema West
* Weija

* NDC (18)
* NPP (9)

* v
* t
* e

Constituencies in the Northern Region of Ghana

Independent|

* Wulensi

NDC|

* Bole
* Bunkpurugu-Yunyoo
* Chereponi
* Damango-Daboya
* Gushiegu
* Karaga
* Kpandai
* Kumbungu
* Mion
* Nalerigu
* Saboba
* Salaga
* Savelugu
* Sawla-Tuna-Kalba
* Tamale Central
* Tamale North
* Tamale South
* Tolon
* Walewale
* Yagaba-Kubori
* Yapei-Kusawgu
* Yendi

NPP|

* Bimbilla
* Nanton
* Zabzugu-Tatale

* Independent (1)
* NDC (21)
* NPP (4)

* v
* t
* e

Constituencies in the Upper East Region of Ghana

NDC|

* Bawku Central
* Binduri
* Bolgatanga Central
* Bolgatanga East
* Bongo
* Builsa North
* Chiana-Paga
* Garu
* Nabdam
* Navrongo Central
* Pusiga
* Talensi
* Tempane
* Zebilla

NPP|

PNC|

* Builsa South

* NDC (14)
* NPP (0)
* PNC (1)

* v
* t
* e

Constituencies in the Upper West Region of Ghana

NDC|

* Daffiama-Bussie-Issa
* Lambussie
* Lawra
* Nadowli Kaleo
* Sissala East
* Sissala West
* Wa Central
* Wa East
* Wa West

Independent|

* Jirapa

* NDC (9)
* Independent (1)

* v
* t
* e

Constituencies in Volta

NDC|

* Adaklu
* Afadjato South
* Agotime-Ziope
* Akatsi North
* Akatsi South
* Anlo
* Central Tongu
* Ho Central
* Ho West
* Hohoe South
* Keta
* Ketu North
* Ketu South
* Kpando
* North Dayi
* North Tongu
* South Dayi
* South Tongu

* NDC (18)

* v
* t
* e

Constituencies in the Western Region of Ghana

NDC|

* Amenfi Central
* Amenfi West
* Aowin
* Bia
* Ellembelle
* Juabeso
* Prestea-Huni Valley
* Sefwi Akontombra
* Sefwi-Wiawso
* Shama
* Suaman

NPP|

* Ahanta West
* Amenfi East
* Bibiani-Anhwiaso-Bekwai
* Effia-Kwesimintsim
* Essikado-Ketan
* Evalue Gwira
* Mpohor-Wassa East
* Sekondi
* Takoradi
* Tarkwa-Nsuaem

CPP|

* Jomoro

* NDC (11)
* NPP (10)
* CPP (1)

## See also

[edit]

* Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana
* Ghana
* History of Ghana
* Legislative Branch
* List of national legislatures
* List of Ghana Parliament constituencies

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b Nana Konadu Agyeman (7 January 2025). "9th Parliament inaugurated, Bagbin, Asiamah re-elected Speaker and 2nd Deputy, Ahiafor joins as 1st Deputy Speaker". Graphic Online. Graphic Communications Group Ltd. Retrieved 8 January 2025.
2. ^ "Parliament of Ghana". www.parliament.gh.
3. ^ "Alexander Afenyo-Markin takes over as Majority Leader". 22 February 2024. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
4. ^ "NPP asks Speaker Bagbin to remain impartial as it maintains majority". Myjoyonline. 21 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
5. ^ "Statistics". Ghana Elections Peace Fm Online. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
6. ^ "Ghana - Trade, Colonialism, Independence". www.britannica.com. 22 October 2024. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
7. ^ "Bagbin adjourns Parliament indefinitely". 22 October 2024. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
8. ^ a b "Bagbin elected Speaker of Parliament". MyJoyOnline. 7 January 2021. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
9. ^ "Parliamentary Results For Elections 2020". www.ghanaweb.com. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
10. ^ "Committees of Parliament". Parliament of Ghana. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Parliament of Ghana".
12. ^ "Who is Alban Bagbin? All You Need to Know About Ghana's 7th Speaker of Parliament | The Accra Times". 7 January 2021. Retrieved 6 March 2021.

## External links

[edit]

* Official website

* v
* t
* e

Ghana articles

History|

| Historical timeline|

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* Armed Forces Revolutionary Council
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|

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* Outline
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* v
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* e

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Italics indicate an unrecognised or partially recognised state.

* v
* t
* e

National unicameral legislatures

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other territories|

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Non-UN states|

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Historical|

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Related|

* Bicameralism
* Tricameralism
* Multicameralism
* List of legislatures by country

* National bicameral legislatures
* National lower houses
* National upper houses

05°33′24″N 00°11′24″W﻿ / ﻿5.55667°N 0.19000°W﻿ / 5.55667; -0.19000
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