Parody film

Film genre

A parody film or spoof film is a subgenre of comedy film that lampoons other film genres or films as pastiches,[1][2][3] works created by imitation of the style of many different films reassembled together. Although the subgenre is often overlooked by critics, parody films are commonly profitable at the box office.[4] Parody is related to satire, except that "parody is more often a representation of appreciation, while a satire is more often...pointing ...out the major flaws of an object through ridicule."[5] J.M. Maher notes that the "difference is not always clear" and points out that "some films employ both techniques".[6] Parody is found in a range of art and culture, including literature, music, theater, television, animation, and gaming.

The first film parody was The Little Train Robbery (1905), which makes fun of The Great Train Robbery (1903), in part by using an all-child cast for the Western spoof. Historically, when a genre formula grows tired, as in the case of the moralistic melodramas in the 1910s, it retains value only as a parody, as demonstrated by Buster Keaton shorts that mocked that melodrama genre.[7]

Influential parody actors and creators from the first half of 20th century included the Marx Brothers (active 1905–1949), W. C. Fields (active 1898–1946), Mae West (active 1907–1978), Laurel and Hardy (active 1927–1955), and Bob Hope (active 1922–1999).[8] The 1970s and 1980s have been called the "golden age" of parody movies, led by Mel Brooks and the "ZAZ trio" (David Zucker, Jim Abrahams, and Jerry Zucker). Brooks' parodies included a Western parody, Blazing Saddles (1974), a horror parody, Young Frankenstein (1974), and a space opera parody, Spaceballs (1987). The ZAZ trio is best known for their film which parodies a number of 1960s and 1970s genres (from exploitation film to kung fu film), The Kentucky Fried Movie (1977) and their air disaster film parody, Airplane! (1980). [6] Woody Allen also contributed several parodies.

In the 2000s, the increasing availability of digital cameras (and then smartphones) that could shoot video and accessible editing software made it possible for amateur and early-stage professional creators to make parodies and post them online.[6]

## 1900s

[edit]

* Sherlock Holmes Baffled (1900)
* The Little Train Robbery (1905)

## 1910s

[edit]

* The Mystery of the Leaping Fish (1916)
* Teddy at the Throttle (1917)

## 1920s

[edit]

* Mud and Sand (1922)
* Three Ages (1923)
* Dr. Pyckle and Mr. Pryde (1925)
* Yes, Yes, Nanette (1925)
* The Lost Whirl (1926)

## 1930s

[edit]

* Free and Easy (1930)
* Movie Crazy (1932)
* Number Seventeen (1932)
* Once in a Lifetime (1932)
* Sons of the Desert (1933)
* Babes in Toyland (1934)
* Satan Met a Lady (1936)
* The Man Who Was Sherlock Holmes (1937)
* Ali Baba Goes to Town (1937)
* Sh! The Octopus (1937)
* The Gorilla (1939)
* "King Klunk (1933)
* Mickey Mouse The Pet Store (1933)*

## 1940s

[edit]

* The Great Profile (1940)
* You Nazty Spy! (1940)
* A Chump at Oxford (1940)
* Playmates (1941)
* Hellzapoppin' (1941)
* Crazy House (1943)
* Along Came Jones (1945)
* The Wistful Widow of Wagon Gap (1947)
* Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein (1948)
* Abbott and Costello Meet the Killer, Boris Karloff (1949)

## 1950s

[edit]

* Abbott and Costello Meet the Invisible Man (1951)
* Jack and the Beanstalk (1952)
* Abbott and Costello Meet Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1953)
* Beat the Devil (1953)
* Abbott and Costello Meet the Keystone Kops (1955)
* Abbott and Costello Meet the Mummy (1955)
* The Court Jester (1956)

## 1960s

[edit]

* Creature from the Haunted Sea (1961)
* Carry On Cleo (1964)
* A Shot in the Dark (1964)
* Dr. Strangelove (1964)
* Carry On Spying (1964)
* Harum Scarum (1965)
* The Great Race (1965)[9]
* Carry On Cowboy (1965)
* Don't Lose Your Head (1966)
* For a Few Dollars Less (1966)
* Carry On Screaming! (1966)
* Our Man Flint (1966)[9]
* In Like Flint (1967)
* Casino Royale (1967)
* The Ambushers (1967)
* The Dove (1968)
* Zuckerkandl (1968)

## 1970s

[edit]

* Carry On Up the Jungle (1970)
* The Twelve Chairs (1970)
* Carry On Henry (1971)
* And Now for Something Completely Different (1971)
* Carry On Dick (1974)
* Blazing Saddles (1974)[9]
* Flesh Gordon (1974)
* Young Frankenstein (1974)[9]
* The Groove Tube (1974)
* Dark Star (1974)
* Vampira (1974)
* Uptown Saturday Night (1974)
* Monty Python and the Holy Grail (1975)[9]
* Love and Death (1975)
* The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes' Smarter Brother (1975)[9]
* The Black Bird (1975)
* Allegro Non Troppo (1976)
* Silent Movie (1976)[9]
* Murder by Death (1976)[9]
* Once Upon a Girl (1976)
* Queen Kong (1976)
* The Big Bus (1976)
* High Anxiety (1977)[9]
* The Kentucky Fried Movie (1977)[9]
* Hardware Wars (1978)[10]
* Attack of the Killer Tomatoes (1978)
* The Cheap Detective (1978)
* Carry On Emmannuelle (1978)
* Piranha (1978)[9]
* Monty Python's Life of Brian (1979)[9]
* Rock 'n' Roll High School (1979)

## 1980s

[edit]

* Galaxina (1980)[11]
* Wholly Moses! (1980)
* Airplane! (1980)[9]
* Murder Can Hurt You (1980)
* The Private Eyes (1980)
* Closet Cases of the Nerd Kind (1980)
* History of the World, Part I (1981)
* Under the Rainbow (1981)
* Student Bodies (1981)
* Saturday the 14th (1981)[12]
* Zorro, The Gay Blade (1981)[12]
* The Creature Wasn't Nice (1981)
* Dead Men Don't Wear Plaid (1982)[9]
* Young Doctors in Love (1982)[12]
* Airplane II: The Sequel (1982)[9]
* Pandemonium (1982)
* Wacko (1982)
* Zapped! (1982)
* Hysterical (1983)
* The Man With Two Brains (1983)
* Monty Python's The Meaning of Life (1983)
* Bullshot (1983)
* Agent 000 and the Deadly Curves (1983)
* Bloodbath at the House of Death (1984)
* Bloodsuckers from Outer Space (1984)[13]
* Johnny Dangerously (1984)
* Surf II: The End of the Trilogy (1984)
* The Toxic Avenger (1984)
* Top Secret! (1984)[9]
* The Zany Adventures of Robin Hood (1984)
* Voyage of the Rock Aliens (1984)
* Night of the Comet (1984)
* Rustlers' Rhapsody (1985)[12]
* When Nature Calls (1985)
* Morons from Outer Space (1985)
* Transylvania 6-5000 (1985)
* Radioactive Dreams (1985)
* Spies Like Us (1985)
* Eat and Run (1986)
* Haunted Honeymoon (1986)
* Reform School Girls (1986)
* Three Amigos (1986)
* Whoops Apocalypse (1986)
* Fresno (1986)
* Monster in the Closet (1986)[14]
* Evil Dead II (1987)
* Hollywood Shuffle (1987)
* Spaceballs (1987)
* Back to the Beach (1987)[12]
* Amazon Women on the Moon (1987)[9]
* Leonard Part 6 (1987)[citation needed]
* Dragnet (1987)[9]
* Love at Stake (1987)
* Return of the Killer Tomatoes (1988)[12]
* The Naked Gun: From the Files of Police Squad! (1988)[9]
* The Adventures of Baron Munchausen (1988)
* I'm Gonna Git You Sucka (1988)[9]
* Buster (1988)
* UHF (1989)[9]
* Disorganized Crime (1989)
* Lobster Man from Mars (1989)
* Meet the Feebles (1989)
* Transylvania Twist (1989)

## 1990s

[edit]

* A Man Called Sarge (1990)
* Flesh Gordon Meets the Cosmic Cheerleaders (1990)
* The Adventures of Ford Fairlane (1990)[15]
* Repossessed (1990)
* Killer Tomatoes Strike Back (1990)
* Mob Boss (1990)
* Zapped Again! (1990)
* If Looks Could Kill (1991)
* The Naked Gun 2½: The Smell of Fear (1991)[9]
* Hot Shots! (1991)[9]
* Killer Tomatoes Eat France (1991)
* Wizards of the Demon Sword[16]
* Mom and Dad Save the World (1992)[17]
* Evil Toons (1992)
* Carry On Columbus (1992)
* The Naked Truth (1993)
* Hot Shots! Part Deux (1993)
* Robin Hood: Men in Tights (1993)[9]
* Fatal Instinct (1993)
* Matinee (1993)[9]
* Freaked (1993)
* The Silence of the Hams (1994)
* Naked Gun 33+1⁄3: The Final Insult (1994)[9]
* Blankman (1994)
* Dracula: Dead and Loving It (1995)
* Attack of the 60 Foot Centerfold (1995)
* Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood (1996)
* Cannibal! The Musical (1996)[9]
* Spy Hard (1996)
* High School High (1996)
* Mystery Science Theater 3000: The Movie (1996)[18]
* Mars Attacks! (1996)[9]
* Killer Condom (1996)
* Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery (1997)[9]
* Funny Games (1997)
* Orgazmo (1997)
* Jane Austen's Mafia! (1998)
* Wrongfully Accused (1998)
* Plump Fiction (1998)
* Liang Po Po: The Movie (1999)
* Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me (1999)[9]
* Galaxy Quest (1999)[19]
* The Underground Comedy Movie (1999)
* The Woman Chaser (1999)
* South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut (1999)
* Mystery Men (1999)
* Drop Dead Gorgeous (1999)

## 2000s

[edit]

* 2001: A Space Travesty (2000)
* Scary Movie (2000)
* Shriek If You Know What I Did Last Friday the Thirteenth (2000)
* The Bogus Witch Project (2000)
* The Tony Blair Witch Project (2000)
* Scary Movie 2 (2001)[12]
* Not Another Teen Movie (2001)[12]
* Elvira's Haunted Hills (2001)
* Wet Hot American Summer (2001)[9]
* Jesus Christ Vampire Hunter (2001)[20]
* Kung Pow!: Enter the Fist (2002)[9]
* Undercover Brother (2002)[9]
* Austin Powers in Goldmember (2002)[9]
* Scary Movie 3 (2003)[12]
* Johnny English (2003)
* Down with Love (2003)[9]
* G-Sale (2003)
* Superlópez (2003 film) (2003)
* Mortadelo & Filemon: The Big Adventure (2003)
* The Hebrew Hammer (2003)[21]
* Lost Skeleton of Cadavra (2004)
* Shaun of the Dead (2004)
* Freak Out (2004)
* Churchill: The Hollywood Years (2004)
* Kung Fu Hustle (2004)
* Club Dread (2004)[12]
* Team America: World Police (2004)[9]
* My Big Fat Independent Movie (2005)
* Hoodwinked! (2005)[12]
* Date Movie (2006)[citation needed]
* Scary Movie 4 (2006)
* Another Gay Movie (2006)
* 18 Fingers of Death! (2006)
* Bikini Bloodbath (2006)
* Man of the Year (2006)
* Everything Other than Japan Sinks (2006)
* Epic Movie (2007)[22]
* Farce of the Penguins (2007)
* Funny Games (2007)
* Hot Fuzz (2007)[23]
* The Comebacks (2007)[22]
* Walk Hard: The Dewey Cox Story (2007)[9]
* The Naked Brothers Band: The Movie (2007)
* Enchanted (2007)[23]
* Kill Buljo (2007)
* Meet the Spartans (2008)[22]
* Superhero Movie (2008)
* Another Gay Sequel: Gays Gone Wild (2008)
* An American Carol (2008)
* Disaster Movie (2008)[citation needed]
* Extreme Movie (2008)
* Tropic Thunder (2008)
* The World Is Hot Enough (2008)
* A.R.O.G. (2008)
* Logorama (2009)
* Dance Flick (2009)
* OSS 117: Lost in Rio (2009)[12]
* Transylmania (2009)
* Stan Helsing (2009)
* Spanish Movie (2009)
* Dark and Stormy Night (2009)
* Alien Trespass (2009)

## 2010s

[edit]

* Thamizh Padam (2010)
* Vampires Suck (2010)
* Death Kappa (2010)
* The 41-Year-Old Virgin Who Knocked Up Sarah Marshall and Felt Superbad About It (2010)
* Johnny English Reborn (2011)
* Puss in Boots (2011)
* Hoodwinked Too! Hood vs. Evil (2011)
* Breaking Wind (2012)[citation needed]
* Movie 43 (2013)
* iSteve (2013)
* The Starving Games (2013)[citation needed]
* A Haunted House (2013)
* Scary Movie 5 (2013)[24]
* 30 Nights of Paranormal Activity with the Devil Inside the Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2013)
* Inappropriate Comedy (2013)
* This Is the End (2013)
* The World's End (2013)
* Dick Figures: The Movie (2013)
* A Haunted House 2 (2014)
* The Hungover Games (2014)
* Hrudaya Kaleyam (2014)
* They Came Together (2014)
* Double Barrel (2015)
* Chirakodinja Kinavukal (2015)
* Superfast! (2015)
* The Walking Deceased (2015)[25]
* Tooken (2015)
* Ridiculous 6 (2015)
* The Night Before (2015)
* Fifty Shades of Black (2016)[citation needed]
* Donald Trump's The Art of the Deal: The Movie (2016)
* Meet the Blacks (2016)
* Popstar: Never Stop Never Stopping (2016)
* Thamizh Padam 2.0 (2018)
* Holmes & Watson (2018)
* Notzilla (2019)[26][27]
* Between Two Ferns: The Movie (2019)

## 2020s

[edit]

* Eurovision Song Contest: The Story of Fire Saga (2020)
* Borat Subsequent Moviefilm (2020)[23]
* Hubie Halloween (2020)
* Secret Magic Control Agency (2021)
* America: The Motion Picture (2021)
* Free Guy (2021)
* Weird: The Al Yankovic Story (2022)
* Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers (2022)
* Paws of Fury: The Legend of Hank (2022)
* The Unbearable Weight of Massive Talent (2022)
* The Mean One (2022)
* Puss in Boots: The Last Wish (2022)
* Dicks: The Musical (2023)
* Strays (2023)
* Unfrosted (2024)
* Not Another Church Movie (2024)
* The Day the Earth Blew Up: A Looney Tunes Movie (2024)
* Screamboat (2025)
* The Naked Gun (2025)
* Shrek 5 (2026)

## Further reading

[edit]

* Gehring, Wes D. Parody as Film Genre: Never Give a Saga an Even Break. Praeger, 1999. ISBN 0-313-26186-5, 978-0-313-26186-2

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Postmodern Parody and Pastiche".
2. ^ Johnson, Andrew (30 August 2009). "Spoofs? Don't make us laugh". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2011.
3. ^ Gilbey, Ryan (6 August 2009). "Spoofs: the films that ate Hollywood". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 6 May 2011.
4. ^ Welkos, Robert W. (25 July 1998). "What Keeps Spoofs From Being Box-Office Jokes?". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2 January 2011.
5. ^ Mazzillo, Amanda (1 May 2017). "The Beginner's Guide: Parody". www.filminquiry.com. Film Inquiry. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
6. ^ a b c Maher, JM (20 October 2022). "Why Were Parody Movies So Popular in the 2000s?". movieweb.com. Movieweb. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
7. ^ Balducci, Anthony (28 November 2011). The Funny Parts: A History of Film Comedy Routines and Gags. McFarland. ISBN 9780786488933. Retrieved 3 October 2018 - via Google Books.
8. ^ Gehring, Wes D. Parody as Film Genre: Never Give a Saga an Even Break. Praeger, 1999.
9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak The Top 100 Parody/Spoofs of All Time-Flickchart
10. ^ Oddball Films:What the F(ilm)?! 16: You Can't Handle the Spoof! - Fri. April 8th - 8PM
11. ^ Booker, Keith M (2010). Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction Cinema. Scarecrow Press. p. xxiv.
12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l The Best Parody/Spoofs of All Time-Flickchart
13. ^ "Blood Suckers from Outer Space (1984) - Glen Coburn | Synopsis, Characteristics, Moods, Themes and Related | AllMovie".
14. ^ "Monster in the Closet (1987) - Bob Dahlin | Synopsis, Characteristics, Moods, Themes and Related | AllMovie".
15. ^ The Top 100 Parody/Spoof>of All Time-Flickchart
16. ^ "Wizards of the Demon Sword (1991) - Fred Olen Ray | Synopsis, Characteristics, Moods, Themes and Related | AllMovie".
17. ^ Hicks, Chris (7 July 1992). "Film review: Mom and Dad Save the World". Deseret News. Salt Lake City, Utah. Retrieved 13 December 2024.
18. ^ Cable comedy troupe tries the big screen Review: "Mystery Science Theater 3000: The Movie" is long on name, and pretty long on laughs, too, if you get past its slow set-up. : Baltimore Sun
19. ^ Why Galaxy Quest Was The Perfect Star Trek Parody|ScreenRant
20. ^ "Jesus Christ Vampire Hunter (2001) - Lee Demarbre | Synopsis, Movie Info, Moods, Themes and Related | AllMovie".
21. ^ "The Hebrew Hammer (2004) - Jonathan Kesselman | Synopsis, Movie Info, Moods, Themes and Related | AllMovie".
22. ^ a b c Lee, Aaron (27 January 2008). "Surely you can't be serious". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 25 December 2010. "Spoof films are routinely snubbed by Oscar and are even looked down upon by other comedies. But the genre's producers often just laugh all the way to the bank."
23. ^ a b c 20 Best Parody Movies, According To Rotten Tomatoes|ScreenRant
24. ^ Scary Movie 5
25. ^ [1] Archived 25 March 2015 at the Wayback Machine THE WALKING DECEASED
26. ^ Gingold, Michael (2 July 2020). ""Notzilla," Spoof of the Monsters is Coming This Summer; Info and Poster". Rue Morgue. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
27. ^ Millican, Josh (3 July 2020). "Poster & First Look at Award-Winning Kaiju Comedy Notzilla Releasing August 18th". Dread Central. Retrieved 5 July 2020.

* v
* t
* e

Appropriation in the arts

By field|

| Music|

* Bootleg recording
* Chopped and screwed
* Contrafact
* list
* Contrafactum
* Cover version
* DJ mix
* Interpolation
* Medley
* Music mashup
* Music plagiarism
* Musical quotation
* Nightcore
* Parody music
* Pasticcio
* Plunderphonics
* Potpourri
* Quodlibet
* Remix
* Riddim
* Sampling
* Sound collage
* Standard
* Tribute act
* Trope
* Variation
* Vaporwave

|

Literature / theatre|

* Assemblage
* Cut-up technique
* Flarf poetry
* Found poetry
* Jukebox musical
* Trope
* Verbatim theatre

Visual arts

* Collage
* Combine painting
* Photographic mosaic
* Readymades of Marcel Duchamp
* Swipe

By source material|

* Mona Lisa
* Michelangelo's David
* Michelangelo's Pietà
* Statue of Liberty

Cinema / television / video|

* Abridged series
* Anime music video
* Collage film
* Found footage
* Literal music video
* Parody film
* Re-cut trailer
* Remake
* Shot-for-shot
* Supercut
* TV format
* Vidding
* Video mashup
* YouTube Poop

Other arts|

* In-joke
* Internet meme
* Joke theft
* Parody advertisement
* Revivalism (architecture)
* Video game modding

General
concepts|

| Intertextual figures|

* Allusion
* Calque
* Parody
* Pastiche
* Plagiarism
* Quotation
* Translation

|

Adaptation|

* Film
* Literary
* Theatre

Other concepts|

* After (art)
* Assemblage (art)
* Bricolage
* Citation
* Détournement
* Found object
* Homage
* Imitation in art
* Mashup
* Reprise
* Satire
* Source criticism in the arts

Related artistic
concepts

* Aesthetic interpretation
* Anti-art
* Archetypal literary criticism
* Artistic inspiration
* "The Death of the Author"
* Divine inspiration
* Afflatus
* Genius (literature)
* Muses
* Fan labor
* Fan fiction
* Genre
* Genre studies
* Originality
* Simulacrum
* Western canon

Standard blocks
and forms

* Archetype
* Formula fiction
* Genre fiction
* Jazz standard
* Plot device
* Stock character
* Story structure

Epoch-marking
works

* L.H.O.O.Q. (1919)
* "Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote" (1939)
* Reality Hunger: A Manifesto (2010)

Theorization|

* Dada
* De Copia Rerum
* Diegesis
* Dionysian imitatio
* Mimesis
* Nachahmung
* Palimpsests: Literature in the Second Degree
* The Pictures Generation
* Pop art
* Postmodernism
* Russian formalism

Related non-
artistic concepts

* Academic dishonesty
* Appropriation in sociology
* Articulation in sociology
* Cultural appropriation
* History of printing
* Information society
* Intellectual property
* Copyright infringement
* Derivative work
* Fair use
* Meme
* Open source
* Participatory culture
* Pirate politics
* Recontextualisation
* Remix culture

* v
* t
* e

Comedy

Topics|

* Comedian
* Comedic device
* Comedy festival
* Comedy troupe
* Comic timing
* Farce
* Humorist
* Humour
* Impersonator
* Impressionist
* Irony
* Joke
* Off-color humor
* Ribaldry
* Sophomoric humor
* Toilet humour
* Prank call
* Punch line
* Satire
* Visual gag
* Wit
* Word play

Film|

| Country|

* American
* British
* French
* Italian

|

Genre|

* Action
* Fantasy
* Horror
* Mockumentary
* Parody
* Remarriage
* Romance
* Science fiction
* Screwball
* Sex
* Italian
* Mexican
* Silent
* Slapstick
* Stoner
* Thriller

Theatre|

| Country|

| Europe|

* Ancient Greek comedy
* Comédie-Française
* Comédie-Italienne
* Corral de comedias
* Theatre of ancient Rome

|

Asia|

* China
* Xiangsheng
* Hong Kong
* Mo lei tau
* Indonesia
* Lenong
* Ludruk
* Japan
* Kyōgen
* Manzai
* Owarai
* Rakugo
* Sarugaku
* Korea

Genre|

* Boulevard theatre
* Comedy drama
* Comedy of humours
* Comedy of manners
* Comedy of menace
* Commedia dell'arte
* Double act
* Improvisational
* Macchietta
* One-person show
* Pantomime
* Harlequinade
* Restoration comedy
* Sentimental comedy
* Comédie larmoyante
* Shadow play
* Shakespearean comedy
* Sketch comedy
* Spex
* Stand-up comedy
* Street theatre
* Theatre of the absurd
* Tragicomedy
* Vaudeville

Music
and dance|

* Ballad opera
* Cabaret
* Café-chantant
* Café-théâtre
* Comédie-ballet
* Comedy club
* Light music
* Music hall
* Musical theatre
* Opéra bouffe
* Opéra bouffon
* Opera buffa
* Opéra comique
* Operetta
* Revue

Media|

* Music
* Album
* Rock
* Hip hop
* Parody
* Novelty
* Musical comedians
* Novel
* Radio
* Television
* Mockumentary
* Roast
* Sitcom
* Animated sitcom
* Black sitcom
* Teen sitcom

Subgenres|

* Alternative
* Black
* Blue
* Character
* Christian
* Clown
* Cringe
* Deadpan
* Documentary
* High / low
* Insult
* Observational
* Physical
* Prop
* Self-referential
* Shock
* Sick
* Slapstick
* Topics
* Surreal
* Ventriloquism
* Zombie

* Category
* Portal

* v
* t
* e

Film genres

By style|

* Action
* Heroic bloodshed
* Hong Kong action
* Adventure
* Art
* Biographical
* Comedy
* Action
* Black
* Commedia all'italiana
* Sexy
* Dramedy
* Gross out
* Horror
* Parody
* Mo lei tau
* Remarriage
* Romantic
* Sex
* Screwball
* Silent
* Slapstick
* Cyberpunk
* Japanese
* Documentary
* Animated
* City symphony
* Direct cinema
* Docudrama
* Mockumentary
* Mondo
* Pseudo
* Semi
* Travel
* Video essay
* Drama
* Calligrafismo
* Dramedy
* Historical
* Legal
* Erotic
* Category III films
* Commedia sexy all'italiana
* Pink
* Sexploitation
* Thriller
* Educational
* Social guidance
* Epic
* Sword-and-sandal
* Experimental
* Exploitation
* see Exploitation film template
* Fantasy
* Comedy
* Contemporary
* Fantastique
* High
* Historical
* Magic realism
* Science
* Film noir
* Neo-noir
* Pulp noir
* Tech noir
* Gothic
* Romance
* Southern
* Space
* Suburban
* Urban
* Horror
* Arthouse
* Black
* Body
* Cannibal
* Chinese horror
* Christmas horror
* Comedy
* Eco
* Fantastique
* Found footage
* German underground
* Ghost
* Giallo
* List of films
* Holiday
* Japanese horror
* Korean horror
* Lovecraftian
* Melodrama
* Korean
* Natural
* New French Extremity
* Psycho-biddy
* Psychological
* Science fiction
* Slasher
* Splatter
* Satanic
* Maximalist film
* Minimalist film
* Mumblecore
* Musical
* Arthouse
* Backstage
* Jukebox
* Musicarello
* Operetta
* Sceneggiata
* Mystery
* Detective
* Occult detective
* Whodunit
* Giallo
* Crossover
* Pornographic
* Hardcore pornography
* Softcore pornography
* (Malayalam)
* Propaganda
* Reality
* Romantic
* Comedy
* Bromantic
* Fantasy
* Gothic
* Paranormal
* Thriller
* Science fiction
* Art
* Comedy
* Fantastique
* Fantasy
* Gothic
* Horror
* Military
* New Wave
* Space opera
* Steampunk
* Tokusatsu
* Western
* Slice of life
* Iyashikei
* Slow cinema
* Survival
* Thriller
* Comedy
* Erotic
* Financial
* Giallo
* Legal
* New French Extremity
* Political
* Psychological
* Romantic
* Techno
* Transgressive
* Cinema of Transgression
* Extreme cinema
* New French Extremity
* Trick

By theme|

* Animals
* Beach party
* Body swap
* Buddy
* Buddy cop
* Female
* Cabrito
* Cannibal
* Chicano
* Colonial
* Coming-of-age
* Concert
* Crime
* Detective
* Gangster
* Gentleman thief
* Gokudō
* Gong'an
* Heist
* Heroic bloodshed
* Hood
* Mafia
* Mafia comedy
* Mumbai underworld
* Poliziotteschi
* Yakuza
* Cute Girls Doing Cute Things
* Dance
* Disaster
* Apocalyptic
* Drug
* Psychedelic
* Stoner
* Dystopian
* Ecchi
* Ero guro
* Ethnographic
* Exploitation
* Blaxploitation
* Mexploitation
* Turksploitation
* Extraterrestrial
* Food and drink
* Gendai-geki
* Ghost
* Goona-goona epic
* Gothic
* Romance
* Space
* Suburban
* Girls with guns
* Harem
* Hentai
* Lolicon
* Shotacon
* Tentacle erotica
* Homeland
* Isekai
* Jidaigeki
* Samurai
* Kaitō
* LGBTQ
* Yaoi
* Yuri
* Luchador
* Magical girl
* Martial arts
* Bruceploitation
* Chopsocky
* Gun fu
* Kung fu
* Ninja
* Wuxia
* Mecha
* Anime
* Monster
* Giant monster
* Kaiju
* Mummy
* Vampire
* Zombie
* Zombie comedy
* Mountain
* Mouth of Garbage
* Muslim social
* Nature
* Environmental issues
* Opera
* Outlaw biker
* Ozploitation
* Partisan film
* Prison
* Women
* Race
* Rape and revenge
* Road
* Rubble
* Rumberas
* Sageuk
* Sexploitation
* Bavarian porn
* Commedia sexy all'italiana
* Mexican sex comedy
* Nazi exploitation
* Pornochanchada
* Nunsploitation
* Sex report
* Shoshimin-eiga
* Slavery
* Slice of life
* Snuff
* South Seas
* Sports
* Spy
* Eurospy
* Superhero
* Surfing
* Swashbuckler
* Sword-and-sandal
* Sword and sorcery
* Travel
* imaginary voyage
* Trial
* Vigilante
* War
* Anti-war
* Euro War
* Submarine
* Western
* Acid
* Contemporary Western
* Dacoit Western
* Fantasy
* Florida
* Horror
* Meat pie
* Northern
* Ostern
* Revisionist
* Science fiction
* Singing cowboy
* Space
* Spaghetti
* Weird Western
* Zapata Western

By movement
or period|

* Absolute
* American eccentric cinema
* Australian New Wave
* Auteur films
* Berlin School
* Bourekas
* Brighton School
* British New Wave
* Kitchen sink realism
* Budapest school
* Calligrafismo
* Cannibal boom
* Cinéma du look
* Cinema Novo
* Cinema of Moral Anxiety
* Cinema of Transgression
* Cinéma pur
* Commedia all'italiana
* Czechoslovak New Wave
* Documentary Film Movement
* Dogme 95
* Erra Cinema
* European art cinema
* Film d'art
* Film gris
* Free Cinema
* French Impressionist
* French New Wave
* German Expressionist
* German underground horror
* Golden Age of Argentine cinema
* Golden Age of Mexican Cinema
* Golden Age of Nigerian Cinema
* Grupo Cine Liberación
* Heimatfilm
* Hollywood on the Tiber
* Hong Kong New Wave
* Indiewood
* Iranian New Wave
* Italian futurist
* Italian neorealist
* Japanese New Wave
* Kammerspielfilm
* L.A. Rebellion
* Lettrist
* Modernist film
* Mumblecore
* Neorealist
* New French Extremity
* New German
* New generation
* New Hollywood
* New Nollywood
* New Objectivity
* New Queer
* No Wave
* Nuevo Cine Mexicano
* Pan-Indian film
* Parallel cinema
* Persian Film
* Philippine New Wave
* Poetic realist
* Polish Film School
* Poliziotteschi
* The Prague film school
* Prussian film
* Pure Film Movement
* Remodernist
* Romanian New Wave
* Slow cinema
* Spaghetti Western
* Socialist realist
* Social realist
* Kitchen sink realism
* Soviet parallel
* Structural
* Surrealist
* Sword-and-sandal
* Taiwan New Cinema
* Telefoni Bianchi
* Thai New Wave
* Third Cinema
* Toronto New Wave
* Vulgar auteurism
* Yugoslav Black Wave

By demographic|

* Adult
* Black
* Children and family
* Anime
* Men
* Seinen
* Stag
* Teen
* Shōnen
* Shōjo
* Women
* Chick flick
* Josei

By format,
technique,
approach,
or production|

* 3D
* Actuality
* Animation
* Anime
* Art
* Cartoon
* Computer
* Stop-motion
* Traditional
* Anthology
* Art
* B movie
* Behind-the-scenes
* Black-and-white
* Blockbuster
* Cinéma vérité
* Classical Hollywood cinema
* Collage
* Color
* Compilation
* Composite
* Computer screen
* Cult
* midnight movie
* Database cinema
* Direct-to-video
* ONA
* OVA
* Docufiction
* Ethnofiction
* Experimental
* Abstract
* Feature
* Featurette
* Film à clef
* Film-poem
* Found footage
* High concept
* Hyperlink cinema
* Independent
* Guerrilla filmmaking
* List of American independent films
* Interstitial art
* Live action
* animation
* Low-budget
* Major film studios
* Masala
* Maximalist film
* Message picture
* Meta-film
* Minimalist film
* Mockbuster
* Modernist film
* Musical short
* Mythopoeia
* Neorealist
* No-budget
* One-shot
* Paracinema
* Participatory
* Poetry
* Postmodernist
* Reverse motion
* Satire
* Sceneggiata
* Semidocumentary
* Serial
* Shinpa
* Short
* Silent
* Slow cinema
* Socialist realist
* Sound
* Television film
* Underground
* Video nasty
* Vulgar auteurism
* Z movie

* Category

Authority control databases

National|

* United States
* Israel

Other|

* Yale LUX

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template