Party leaders of the United States Senate

Party leaders of the U.S. Senate

Majority Leader
John Thune (R-SD)

Majority Whip
John Barrasso (R-WY)

Minority Leader
Chuck Schumer (D-NY)

Minority Whip
Dick Durbin (D-IL)

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The positions of majority leader and minority leader are held by two United States senators and people of the party leadership of the United States Senate. They serve as chief spokespersons for their respective political parties, holding the majority and the minority in the chamber. They are each elected to their posts by the senators of their party caucuses: the Senate Democratic Caucus and the Senate Republican Conference.

By Senate precedent, the presiding officer gives the majority leader priority in obtaining recognition to speak on the floor. The majority leader serves as the chief representative of their party in the Senate and is considered the most powerful member of the chamber. They also serve as the chief representative of their party in the entire Congress if the House of Representatives, and thus the office of the speaker of the House, is controlled by the opposition party. The Senate's executive and legislative business is also managed and scheduled by the majority leader.

The assistant majority leader and assistant minority leader of the United States Senate, commonly called whips, are the second-ranking members of each party's leadership. The main function of the majority and minority whips is to gather votes of their respective parties on major issues. As the second-ranking members of Senate leadership, if there is no floor leader present, the whip may become acting floor leader.

## Existing floor leaders

[edit]

The Senate of the 119th Congress is composed in 2025 of 53 Republicans, 45 Democrats, and 2 independents; both the independents caucus with the Democrats.

The leaders are Senators John Thune (R) of South Dakota and Chuck Schumer (D) of New York.[1] The assistant leaders, or whips, are Senators John Barrasso (R) of Wyoming and Dick Durbin (D) of Illinois.

## History

[edit]

At first a Senate leader was an informal position usually an influential committee chairman, or a person of great eloquence, seniority, or wealth, such as Daniel Webster and Nelson Aldrich. By at least 1850, parties in each chamber of Congress began naming chairs, and while conference and caucus chairs carried very little authority, the Senate party floor leader positions arose from the position of conference chair.[2]

Senate Democrats began electing their floor leaders in 1920 while they were in the minority. John W. Kern was a Democratic senator from Indiana. While the title was not official, the Senate website identifies Kern as the first Senate party leader, serving in that capacity from 1913 through 1917 (and in turn, the first Senate Democratic leader), while serving concurrently as chairman of the Senate Democratic Caucus.[3]

In 1925, the Republicans (who were in the majority at the time) also adopted this language when Charles Curtis became the first (official) majority leader,[4] although his immediate predecessor Henry Cabot Lodge is considered the first (unofficial) Senate majority leader. However, despite this new, formal leadership structure, the Senate leader initially had virtually no power. Since the Democrats were fatally divided into northern liberal and southern conservative blocs, the Democratic leader had even less power than his title suggested.

Joseph T. Robinson of Arkansas, the Democratic leader from 1923 to 1937, saw it as his responsibility not to lead the Democrats, but to work the Senate for the president's benefit, no matter who the president was. When Coolidge and Hoover were president, he assisted them in passing Republican legislation. Robinson helped end government operation of Muscle Shoals, helped pass the Hoover Tariff, and stymied a Senate investigation of the Power Trust. Robinson switched his own position on a drought relief program for farmers when Hoover made a proposal for a more modest measure. Alben Barkley called Robinson's cave-in "the most humiliating spectacle that could be brought about in an intelligent legislative body." When Franklin Roosevelt became president, Robinson followed the new president as loyally as he had followed Coolidge and Hoover. Robinson passed bills in the Hundred Days so quickly that Will Rogers joked "Congress doesn't pass legislation any more, they just wave at the bills as they go by.[5]

In 1937, the rule giving majority leader right of first recognition was created. With the addition of this rule, the Senate majority leader enjoyed far greater control over the agenda of which bills to be considered on the floor.

During Lyndon B. Johnson's tenure as Senate leader, the leader gained new powers over committee assignments.[6]

## Senatorial role of the vice president

[edit]

The United States Constitution designates the vice president of the United States as president of the Senate. The Constitution also calls for a president pro tempore, to serve as the presiding officer when the president of the Senate (the vice president) is absent. In practice, neither the vice president nor the president pro tempore—customarily the most senior (longest-serving) senator in the majority party—actually presides over the Senate on a daily basis; that task is given to junior senators of the majority party. Since the vice president may be of a different party from the majority and is not a Senate member subject to discipline, the rules of procedure of the Senate give the vice president no power beyond the presiding role. For these reasons, it is the majority leader who, in practice, manages the Senate. This is in contrast to the House of Representatives, where the elected speaker of the House has a great deal of discretionary power and generally presides over votes on legislative bills.[citation needed]

## Powers of the majority leader

[edit]

Under a long-standing Senate precedent, motions or amendments by the majority leader are granted precedence over other motions by other senators. The majority leader can therefore make at any time a motion to proceed to the consideration of a bill on the Senate Calendar (which contains almost exclusively bills which have been reported by the committee they were assigned to); a motion to proceed may be agreed to either by unanimous consent or through the invocation of cloture. Conventionally, no senator other than the majority leader introduces motions to proceed, although every senator is theoretically allowed to. In addition, the majority leader can block consideration of amendments through a practice known as "filling the tree", and decides which members will fill each of the committee seats reserved to the majority party; members of committees are therefore often prone to following the instructions of the majority leader, and rarely place bills on the Senate Calendar without the latter's consent.[7]

## List of party leaders

[edit]

The Democratic Party first selected a leader in 1920. The Republican Party first formally designated a leader in 1925.[8]

Congress | Dates  | Democratic whip  | Democratic leader  | Majority  | Republican leader  | Republican whip

|
|
|
|
|
|

63rd | May 28, 1913 –
March 4, 1915  | J. Hamilton Lewis
(Illinois) | None  | Democratic
← majority  | None  | None
64th | March 4, 1915 –
December 6, 1915
December 6, 1915 –
December 13, 1915  | James Wadsworth
(New York)
December 13, 1915 –
March 4, 1917  | Charles Curtis
(Kansas)
65th | March 4, 1917 –
March 4, 1919
66th | March 4, 1919 –
April 27, 1920  | Peter Gerry
(Rhode Island) | Republican
majority →  | Henry Cabot Lodge
(Massachusetts, Unofficial)
April 27, 1920 –
March 4, 1921  | Oscar Underwood
(Alabama)
67th | March 4, 1921 –
March 4, 1923
68th | March 4, 1923 –
December 3, 1923
December 3, 1923 –
November 9, 1924  | Joseph T. Robinson
(Arkansas)
November 9, 1924 –
March 4, 1925  | Charles Curtis
(Kansas, Acting) | Wesley Jones
(Washington, Acting)
69th | March 4, 1925 –
March 4, 1927  | Charles Curtis
(Kansas) | Wesley Jones
(Washington)
70th | March 4, 1927 –
March 4, 1929
71st | March 4, 1929 –
March 4, 1931  | Morris Sheppard
(Texas) | James E. Watson
(Indiana) | Simeon Fess
(Ohio)
72nd | March 4, 1931 –
March 4, 1933
73rd | March 4, 1933 –
January 3, 1935  | J. Hamilton Lewis
(Illinois) | Democratic
← majority  | Charles L. McNary
(Oregon) | Felix Hebert
(Rhode Island)
74th | January 3, 1935 –
January 3, 1937  | None[a]
75th | January 3, 1937 –
July 14, 1937
July 14, 1937 –
January 3, 1939  | Alben W. Barkley
(Kentucky)
76th | January 3, 1939 –
April 9, 1939
April 9, 1939 –
January 3, 1940  | Sherman Minton
(Indiana)
January 3, 1940 –
January 3, 1941  | Warren Austin
(Vermont, Acting)
77th | January 3, 1941 –
January 3, 1943  | J. Lister Hill
(Alabama) | Charles L. McNary
(Oregon)
78th | January 3, 1943 –
February 25, 1944  | Kenneth Wherry
(Nebraska)
February 25, 1944 –
January 3, 1945  | Wallace H. White
(Maine, Acting)
79th | January 3, 1945 –
January 3, 1947  | Wallace H. White
(Maine)
80th | January 3, 1947 –
January 3, 1949  | Scott W. Lucas
(Illinois) | Republican
majority →
81st | January 3, 1949 –
January 3, 1951  | Francis Myers
(Pennsylvania) | Scott W. Lucas
(Illinois) | Democratic
← majority  | Kenneth S. Wherry
(Nebraska) | Leverett Saltonstall
(Massachusetts)
82nd | January 3, 1951 –
January 3, 1952  | Lyndon B. Johnson
(Texas) | Ernest McFarland
(Arizona)
January 3, 1952 –
January 3, 1953  | Styles Bridges
(New Hampshire)
83rd | January 3, 1953 –
July 31, 1953  | Earle Clements
(Kentucky) | Lyndon B. Johnson
(Texas) | Republican
majority →  | Robert A. Taft
(Ohio)
August 3, 1953 –
January 3, 1955  | William Knowland
(California)
84th | January 3, 1955 –
January 3, 1957  | Democratic
← majority
85th | January 3, 1957 –
January 3, 1959  | Mike Mansfield
(Montana) | Everett Dirksen
(Illinois)
86th | January 3, 1959 –
January 3, 1961  | Everett Dirksen
(Illinois) | Thomas Kuchel
(California)
87th | January 3, 1961 –
January 3, 1963  | Hubert Humphrey
(Minnesota) | Mike Mansfield
(Montana)
88th | January 3, 1963 –
January 3, 1965
89th | January 3, 1965 –
January 3, 1967  | Russell Long
(Louisiana)
90th | January 3, 1967 –
January 3, 1969
91st | January 3, 1969 –
September 7, 1969  | Ted Kennedy
(Massachusetts) | Hugh Scott
(Pennsylvania)
September 24, 1969 –
January 3, 1971  | Hugh Scott
(Pennsylvania) | Robert Griffin
(Michigan)
92nd | January 3, 1971 –
January 3, 1973  | Robert Byrd
(West Virginia)
93rd | January 3, 1973 –
January 3, 1975
94th | January 3, 1975 –
January 3, 1977
95th | January 3, 1977 –
January 3, 1979  | Alan Cranston
(California) | Robert Byrd
(West Virginia) | Howard Baker
(Tennessee) | Ted Stevens
(Alaska)
96th | January 3, 1979 –
November 1, 1979
November 1, 1979 –
March 5, 1980  | Ted Stevens
(Alaska, Acting)
March 5, 1980 –
January 3, 1981  | Howard Baker
(Tennessee)
97th | January 3, 1981 –
January 3, 1983  | Republican
majority →
98th | January 3, 1983 –
January 3, 1985
99th | January 3, 1985 –
January 3, 1987  | Bob Dole
(Kansas) | Alan Simpson
(Wyoming)
100th | January 3, 1987 –
January 3, 1989  | Democratic
← majority
101st | January 3, 1989 –
January 3, 1991  | George Mitchell
(Maine)
102nd | January 3, 1991 –
January 3, 1993  | Wendell Ford
(Kentucky)
103rd | January 3, 1993 –
January 3, 1995
104th | January 3, 1995 –
June 12, 1996  | Tom Daschle
(South Dakota) | Republican
majority →  | Trent Lott
(Mississippi)
June 12, 1996 –
January 3, 1997  | Trent Lott
(Mississippi) | Don Nickles
(Oklahoma)
105th | January 3, 1997 –
January 3, 1999
106th | January 3, 1999 –
January 3, 2001  | Harry Reid
(Nevada)
107th | January 3, 2001 –
January 20, 2001  | Democratic
← majority
January 20, 2001 –
June 6, 2001  | Republican
majority →
June 6, 2001 –
November 23, 2002  | Democratic
← majority
November 23, 2002 –
January 3, 2003  |

[b]
Republican

majority →
108th | January 3, 2003 –
January 3, 2005  | Bill Frist
(Tennessee) | Mitch McConnell
(Kentucky)
109th | January 3, 2005 –
January 3, 2007  | Dick Durbin
(Illinois) | Harry Reid
(Nevada)
110th | January 3, 2007 –
December 18, 2007  | Democratic
← majority  | Mitch McConnell
(Kentucky) | Trent Lott
(Mississippi)
December 19, 2007 –
January 3, 2009  | Jon Kyl
(Arizona)
111th | January 3, 2009 –
January 3, 2011
112th | January 3, 2011 –
January 3, 2013
113th | January 3, 2013 –
January 3, 2015  | John Cornyn
(Texas)
114th | January 3, 2015 –
January 3, 2017  | Republican
majority →
115th | January 3, 2017 –
January 3, 2019  | Chuck Schumer
(New York)
116th | January 3, 2019 –
January 3, 2021  | John Thune
(South Dakota)
117th | January 3, 2021 –
January 20, 2021
January 20, 2021 –
January 3, 2023  | Democratic
← majority
118th | January 3, 2023 –
January 3, 2025
119th | January 3, 2025 –
January 3, 2027  | Republican
majority →  | John Thune
(South Dakota) | John Barrasso
(Wyoming)
Congress | Dates  | Democratic whip  | Democratic leader  | Majority  | Republican leader  | Republican whip

## Chief deputy whips

[edit]

The chief deputy whip is the assistant to the majority/minority whip and the head of the whip operations team for their party. The current Republican (majority) chief deputy whip is Mike Crapo (Idaho), who's been holding the office since 2013 and the current Democratic (minority) chief deputy whip is Brian Schatz (Hawaii).

### List of Senate Democratic chief deputy whips

[edit]

Congress  | Officeholder 1  | Term  | Officeholder 2  | Term  | Officeholder 3  | Term  | Party whip  | Majority

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

101st | Alan Dixon
(Illinois) | 1989-1993  | 2nd & 3rd positions not established | Alan Cranston |  Dem Majority
102nd | Wendell Ford
103rd | John Breaux
(Louisiana) | 1993-2005
104th |  GOP Majority
105th
106th | Harry Reid
107th | Dem ←→ GOP [c]
108th |  GOP Majority
109th | Barbara Boxer
(California) | 2005-2017  | Dick Durbin
110th |  Dem Majority
111th
112th
113th
114th |  GOP Majority
115th | Brian Schatz
(Hawaii) | 2017-2023  | Jeff Merkley
(Oregon) | 2017-2025  | Cory Booker
(New Jersey) | 2017-2021
116th
117th | Position abolished |  Dem Majority [d]
118th | Vacant
119th | Brian Schatz
(Hawaii) | 2025-present | Position abolished |  GOP Majority

### List of Senate Republican chief deputy whips

[edit]

Congress  | Officeholder  | Term  | Party whip  | Majority

|
|
|
|

108th | Bob Bennett
(Utah) | January 3, 2003 - January 3, 2007  | Mitch McConnell |  GOP Majority
109th
110th | John Thune
(South Dakota) | January 3, 2007 - January 3, 2009  | Trent Lott
Jon Kyl [e] |  Dem Majority
111th | Richard Burr
(North Carolina) | January 3, 2009 - January 3, 2013  | Jon Kyl
112th
113th | Mike Crapo
(Idaho) | January 3, 2013 - present | John Cornyn
114th |  GOP Majority
115th
116th | John Thune
117th |  Dem Majority[d]
118th
119th | John Barrasso |  GOP Majority

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[edit]

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## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ No Republican whips were appointed from 1935 to 1944 since the Senate had only 17 Republicans following the landslide reelection of President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1936. Accordingly, the minutes of the Republican Conference for the period state: "On motion of Senator Hastings, duly seconded and carried, it was agreed that no Assistant Leader or Whip be elected but that the chairman be authorized to appoint Senators from time to time to assist him in taking charge of the interests of the minority." A note attached to the conference minutes added: "The chairman of the conference, Senator McNary, apparently appointed Senator Austin of Vermont as assistant leader in 1943 and 1944, until the conference adopted Rules of Organization."[9]
2. ^ Between November 23, 2002, and January 3, 2003, during the 107th Congress, Democrats remained in control, despite a Republican majority resulting from Jim Talent's special election victory in Missouri. There was no reorganization as the Senate was not in session.[10]
3. ^ From January 3 to January 20, 2001 Democrats were the majority; then from January 20 to June 6, 2001 GOP were in majority; then from June 6, 2001 - November 23, 2002 Democrats were back in the majority. The 107th Congress ended with the GOP in majority form November 23, 2002 to January 3, 2003; however, the Democrats remained in control of the Senate.
4. ^ a b For the 117th Congress Democrats gained majority on January 20, 2021 when Kamala Harris was sworn in as the Vice President and later that day she swore in three Democrats: Alex Padilla, Jon Ossoff and Raphael Warnock, giving the Democrats a 50-50 majority with the tie-breaking vote by VP Harris as the President of the Senate.
5. ^ Lott resigned on December 18, 2007.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Democrats Take Narrow Control of US Senate as Three New Members Sworn In". VOA. Reuters. January 20, 2021. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
2. ^ Heitshusen, Valerie (September 4, 2019). Party Leaders in the United States Congress, 1789-2019 (PDF) (Report). Congressional Research Service. p. i. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 24, 2021. Retrieved April 16, 2022.
3. ^ "Majority and Minority Leaders". senate.gov. United States Senate. Retrieved March 14, 2020.
4. ^ "Senate Leader". senate.gov. United States Senate. Retrieved March 14, 2020.
5. ^ Caro 2002, pp. 354–355.
6. ^ Caro, Robert (2002). "22. The Whole Stack". Master of the Senate: The Years of Lyndon Johnson. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-394-52836-0.
7. ^ "What makes Senate leaders so powerful?". August 2018.
8. ^ "Majority and Minority Leaders". United States Senate. Retrieved June 27, 2019.
9. ^ Party Whips Archived March 9, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, via Senate.gov
10. ^ Party Division in the Senate, 1789–present, via Senate.gov

## External links

[edit]

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* list
* Lame-duck session
* Magic minute
* Majority of the majority (Hastert Rule)
* Multiple referral
* House procedures
* Quorum call
* Reconciliation
* Rider
* Saxbe fix
* Sponsorship
* Suspension of the rules
* Unanimous consent
* Veto
* Line-item veto
* Pocket veto

Senate-specific|

* Advice and consent
* Blue slip (U.S. Senate)
* Classes
* Executive communication
* Executive session
* Filibuster
* Jefferson's Manual
* Senate Journal
* Morning business
* Nuclear option
* Presiding Officer
* Recess appointment
* Reconciliation
* Riddick's Senate Procedure
* Senate hold
* Senatorial courtesy
* Seniority
* Standing Rules
* Tie-breaking votes
* Traditions
* Treaty Clause

Committees|

* Chairman and ranking member
* Of the Whole
* Conference
* Discharge petition
* Hearings
* Markup
* Oversight
* List (Joint)
* List (House)
* List (Senate)
* Select and special
* Standing
* Subcommittees

Items|

* Gavels
* Mace of the House
* Seal of the Senate

History|

* House history
* memoirs
* speaker elections
* Senate history
* election disputes
* memoirs
* Continental Congress
* Federal Hall (1789–1790)
* Congress Hall (1790–1800)
* Old Brick Capitol (1815–1819)
* Biographical Directory
* Divided government
* Party divisions

Media|

* C-SPAN
* Congressional Quarterly
* The Hill
* Politico
* Roll Call

Capitol Complex (Capitol Hill)

| Legislative
offices|

* Congressional staff
* Gov. Accountability Office (GAO)
* Comptroller General
* Architect of the Capitol
* Cap. Police
* Board
* Cap. Guide Service
* Congr. Budget Office (CBO)
* Congr. Workplace Rights (OCWR)
* Library of Congress
* Gov. Publishing Office (GPO)
* Technology Assessment

|

Offices|

| Senate|

* Curator
* Historical
* Library

|

House|

* Congr. Ethics
* Emergency Planning, Preparedness, and Operations
* Interparliamentary Affairs
* Law Revision Counsel
* Legislative Counsel
* Library

Employees|

| Senate|

* Secretary
* Chaplain
* Curator
* Historian
* Librarian
* Pages
* Parliamentarian
* Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper

|

House|

* Chaplain
* Chief Administrative Officer
* Clerk
* Doorkeeper
* Floor Operations
* Floor Services Chief
* Historian
* Pages
* Board
* Parliamentarian
* Postmaster
* Reading Clerk
* Sergeant at Arms

Library of
Congress|

* Congressional Research Service
* reports
* Copyright Office
* Register of Copyrights
* Law Library
* Poet Laureate
* THOMAS
* Adams Building
* Jefferson Building
* Madison Building

Gov.
Publishing Office|

* Public Printer
* Congressional Pictorial Directory
* Congressional Record
* Official Congressional Directory
* U.S. Gov. Manual
* Serial Set
* Statutes at Large
* United States Code

Capitol Building|

* List of artwork at the United States Capitol complex
* List of portraits in the United States House of Representatives collection (A-J)
* Brumidi Corridors
* Congressional Prayer Room
* Crypt
* Dome
* Statue of Freedom
* Rotunda
* Hall of Columns
* Statuary Hall
* Visitor Center
* The Apotheosis of Washington
* Statue of Freedom
* Declaration of Independence painting
* Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States
* Apotheosis of Democracy
* Progress of Civilization Pediment
* First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln
* Surrender of General Burgoyne
* Surrender of Lord Cornwallis
* George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door
* Revolutionary War Door
* Columbus Doors
* Washington at Princeton
* Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way
* VP's Room
* VP Bust Collection

Office
buildings|

| Senate|

* Dirksen
* Hart
* Mountains and Clouds
* Russell

|

House|

* Building Commission
* office lottery
* Cannon
* Ford
* Longworth
* O'Neill
* Rayburn

Other
facilities|

* Botanic Garden
* Health and Fitness Facility
* House Recording Studio
* Senate chamber
* Old Senate Chamber
* Old Supreme Court Chamber
* Power Plant
* Webster Page Residence
* Subway

Related|

* Capitol Hill
* United States Capitol cornerstone laying

* v
* t
* e

Republican Party

* History
* National Union Party
* Third Party System
* Fourth Party System
* Fifth Party System
* Sixth Party System

Presidential
tickets,
national
conventions,
and
presidential
primaries|

* 1856 (Philadelphia): Frémont/Dayton
* 1860 (Chicago): Lincoln/Hamlin
* 1864 (Baltimore): Lincoln/Johnson
* 1868 (Chicago): Grant/Colfax
* 1872 (Philadelphia): Grant/Wilson
* 1876 (Cincinnati): Hayes/Wheeler
* 1880 (Chicago): Garfield/Arthur
* 1884 (Chicago): Blaine/Logan
* 1888 (Chicago): Harrison/Morton
* 1892 (Minneapolis): Harrison/Reid
* 1896 (Saint Louis): McKinley/Hobart
* 1900 (Philadelphia): McKinley/Roosevelt
* 1904 (Chicago): Roosevelt/Fairbanks
* 1908 (Chicago): Taft/Sherman
* 1912 (Chicago): Taft/Sherman/Butler
* primaries
* 1916 (Chicago): Hughes/Fairbanks
* primaries
* 1920 (Chicago): Harding/Coolidge
* primaries
* 1924 (Cleveland): Coolidge/Dawes
* primaries
* 1928 (Kansas City): Hoover/Curtis
* primaries
* 1932 (Chicago): Hoover/Curtis
* primaries
* 1936 (Cleveland): Landon/Knox
* primaries
* 1940 (Philadelphia): Willkie/McNary
* primaries
* 1944 (Chicago): Dewey/Bricker
* primaries
* 1948 (Philadelphia): Dewey/Warren
* primaries
* 1952 (Chicago): Eisenhower/Nixon
* primaries
* 1956 (San Francisco): Eisenhower/Nixon
* primaries
* 1960 (Chicago): Nixon/Lodge
* primaries
* 1964 (San Francisco): Goldwater/Miller
* primaries
* 1968 (Miami Beach): Nixon/Agnew
* primaries
* 1972 (Miami Beach): Nixon/Agnew
* primaries
* 1976 (Kansas City): Ford/Dole
* primaries
* 1980 (Detroit): Reagan/G. H. W. Bush
* primaries
* 1984 (Dallas): Reagan/G. H. W. Bush
* primaries
* 1988 (New Orleans): G. H. W. Bush/Quayle
* primaries
* 1992 (Houston): G. H. W. Bush/Quayle
* primaries
* 1996 (San Diego): Dole/Kemp
* primaries
* 2000 (Philadelphia): G. W. Bush/Cheney
* primaries
* 2004 (New York): G. W. Bush/Cheney
* primaries
* 2008 (St. Paul): McCain/Palin
* primaries
* 2012 (Tampa): Romney/Ryan
* primaries
* 2016 (Cleveland): Trump/Pence
* primaries
* 2020 (Charlotte/other locations): Trump/Pence
* primaries
* 2024 (Milwaukee): Trump/Vance
* primaries
* 2028 (Houston)

Presidential
administrations|

* Lincoln (1861–1865)
* Johnson (1865–1868)
* Grant (1869–1877)
* Hayes (1877–1881)
* Garfield (1881)
* Arthur (1881–1885)
* Harrison (1889–1893)
* McKinley (1897–1901)
* Roosevelt (1901–1909)
* Taft (1909–1913)
* Harding (1921–1923)
* Coolidge (1923–1929)
* Hoover (1929–1933)
* Eisenhower (1953–1961)
* Nixon (1969–1974)
* Ford (1974–1977)
* Reagan (1981–1989)
* G. H. W. Bush (1989–1993)
* G. W. Bush (2001–2009)
* Trump (2017–2021; 2025–present)

U.S. Senate
leaders
and
Conference
chairs|

* J. P. Hale (1859–1862)
* Anthony (1862–1884)
* Sherman (1884–1885)
* Edmunds (1885–1891)
* Sherman (1891–1897)
* Allison (1897–1908)
* E. Hale (1908–1911)
* Cullom (1911–1913)
* Gallinger (1913–1918)
* Lodge (1918–1924)
* Curtis (1924–1929)
* Watson (1929–1933)
* McNary (1933–1940)
* Austin (1940–1941)
* McNary (1941–1944)
* White (1944–1949)
* Wherry (1949–1952)
* Bridges (1952–1953)
* Taft (1953)
* Knowland (1953–1959)
* Dirksen (1959–1969)
* Scott (1969–1977)
* Baker (1977–1979)
* Stevens (1979–1980)
* Baker (1980–1985)
* Dole (1985–1996)
* Lott (1996–2003)
* Frist (2003–2007)
* McConnell (2007–2025)
* Thune (2025–present)

U.S. House
leaders,
Speakers,
and
Conference
chairs|

* Pennington (1860–1861)
* Grow (1861–1863)
* Colfax (1863–1869)
* Pomeroy (1869)
* Blaine (1869–1875)
* McCrary (1875–1877)
* Hale (1877–1879)
* Frye (1879–1881)
* Keifer (1881–1883)
* Cannon (1883–1889)
* Reed (1889–1891)
* T. J. Henderson (1891–1895)
* Reed (1895–1899)
* D. B. Henderson (1899–1903)
* Cannon (1903–1911)
* Mann (1911–1919)
* Gillett (1919–1925)
* Longworth (1925–1931)
* Snell (1931–1939)
* Martin (1939–1959)
* Halleck (1959–1965)
* Ford (1965–1973)
* Rhodes (1973–1981)
* Michel (1981–1995)
* Gingrich (1995–1999)
* Hastert (1999–2007)
* Boehner (2007–2015)
* Ryan (2015–2019)
* McCarthy (2019–2023)
* Johnson (2023–present)

RNC|

| Chairs|

* Morgan
* Raymond
* Ward
* Claflin
* Morgan
* Chandler
* Cameron
* Jewell
* Sabin
* Jones
* Quay
* Clarkson
* Campbell
* Carter
* Hanna
* Payne
* Cortelyou
* New
* Hitchcock
* Hill
* Rosewater
* Hilles
* Wilcox
* Hays
* Adams
* Butler
* Work
* Huston
* Fess
* Sanders
* Fletcher
* Hamilton
* Martin
* Walsh
* Spangler
* Brownell
* Reece
* Scott
* Gabrielson
* Summerfield
* Roberts
* Hall
* Alcorn
* T. Morton
* Miller
* Burch
* Bliss
* R. Morton
* Dole
* Bush
* Smith
* Brock
* Richards
* Laxalt/Fahrenkopf
* Fahrenkopf
* Atwater
* Yeutter
* Bond
* Barbour
* Nicholson
* Gilmore
* Racicot
* Gillespie
* Mehlman
* Martínez/Duncan
* Duncan
* Steele
* Priebus
* McDaniel
* Whatley

|

Chair elections|

* 2009
* 2011
* 2013
* 2015
* 2017
* 2019
* 2021
* 2023
* 2024

Parties by
state and
territory|

| State|

* Alabama
* Alaska
* Arizona
* Arkansas
* California
* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Delaware
* Florida
* Georgia
* Hawaii
* Idaho
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Iowa
* Kansas
* Kentucky
* Louisiana
* Maine
* Maryland
* Massachusetts
* Michigan
* Minnesota
* Mississippi
* Missouri
* Montana
* Nebraska
* Nevada
* New Hampshire
* New Jersey
* New Mexico
* New York
* North Carolina
* North Dakota
* Ohio
* Oklahoma
* Oregon
* Pennsylvania
* Rhode Island
* South Carolina
* South Dakota
* Tennessee
* Texas
* Utah
* Vermont
* Virginia
* Washington
* West Virginia
* Wisconsin
* Wyoming

|

Territory|

* American Samoa
* District of Columbia
* Guam
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Puerto Rico
* Virgin Islands

Affiliated
organizations|

| Congress|

* House Conference
* Legislative Digest
* Steering and Policy Committees
* Senate Conference
* Policy Committee
* Factions
* Freedom Caucus
* Problem Solvers Caucus
* Republican Governance Group
* Republican Study Committee

|

Campaign
committees|

* National Republican Congressional Committee
* National Republican Redistricting Trust
* National Republican Senatorial Committee
* Republican Attorneys General Association
* Republican Governors Association

Constituency
groups|

* College Republicans
* Chairmen
* Congressional Hispanic Conference
* Log Cabin Republicans
* National Black Republican Association
* Republican Hindu Coalition
* Republican Jewish Coalition
* Republican Muslim Coalition
* Republican National Hispanic Assembly
* Republicans Abroad
* Teen Age Republicans
* Young Republicans
* Republicans Overseas

Factional
groups|

* Republican Main Street Partnership
* Republican Majority for Choice
* Republican Liberty Caucus
* Republican National Coalition for Life
* ConservAmerica
* Liberty Caucus
* Ripon Society
* The Wish List

Related|

* Primaries
* Debates
* Bibliography
* International Democracy Union
* Three Legged Stool
* Timeline of modern American conservatism
* Trumpism

* v
* t
* e

Democratic Party

* History
* Second Party System
* Third Party System
* Fourth Party System
* Fifth Party System
* Sixth Party System

National
conventions,
presidential
tickets,
and
presidential
primaries|

* 1828 (None): Jackson/Calhoun
* 1832 (Baltimore): Jackson/Van Buren
* 1835 (Baltimore): Van Buren/R. Johnson
* 1840 (Baltimore): Van Buren/None
* 1844 (Baltimore): Polk/Dallas
* 1848 (Baltimore): Cass/Butler
* 1852 (Baltimore): Pierce/King
* 1856 (Cincinnati): Buchanan/Breckinridge
* 1860 (Charleston/Baltimore): Douglas/H. Johnson (Breckinridge/Lane, SD)
* 1864 (Chicago): McClellan/Pendleton
* 1868 (New York): Seymour/Blair
* 1872 (Baltimore): Greeley/Brown
* 1876 (St. Louis): Tilden/Hendricks
* 1880 (Cincinnati): Hancock/English
* 1884 (Chicago): Cleveland/Hendricks
* 1888 (St. Louis): Cleveland/Thurman
* 1892 (Chicago): Cleveland/Stevenson I
* 1896 (Chicago): W. Bryan/Sewall
* 1900 (Kansas City): W. Bryan/Stevenson I
* 1904 (St. Louis): Parker/H. Davis
* 1908 (Denver): W. Bryan/Kern
* 1912 (Baltimore): Wilson/Marshall
* primaries
* 1916 (St. Louis): Wilson/Marshall
* primaries
* 1920 (San Francisco): Cox/Roosevelt
* primaries
* 1924 (New York): J. Davis/C. Bryan
* primaries
* 1928 (Houston): Smith/Robinson
* primaries
* 1932 (Chicago): Roosevelt/Garner
* primaries
* 1936 (Philadelphia): Roosevelt/Garner
* primaries
* 1940 (Chicago): Roosevelt/Wallace
* primaries
* 1944 (Chicago): Roosevelt/Truman
* primaries
* 1948 (Philadelphia): Truman/Barkley
* primaries
* 1952 (Chicago): Stevenson II/Sparkman
* primaries
* 1956 (Chicago): Stevenson II/Kefauver
* primaries
* 1960 (Los Angeles): Kennedy/L. Johnson
* primaries
* 1964 (Atlantic City): L. Johnson/Humphrey
* primaries
* 1968 (Chicago): Humphrey/Muskie
* primaries
* 1972 (Miami Beach): McGovern/(Eagleton, Shriver)
* primaries
* 1976 (New York): Carter/Mondale
* primaries
* 1980 (New York): Carter/Mondale
* primaries
* 1984 (San Francisco): Mondale/Ferraro
* primaries
* 1988 (Atlanta): Dukakis/Bentsen
* primaries
* 1992 (New York): B. Clinton/Gore
* primaries
* 1996 (Chicago): B. Clinton/Gore
* primaries
* 2000 (Los Angeles): Gore/Lieberman
* primaries
* 2004 (Boston): Kerry/Edwards
* primaries
* 2008 (Denver): Obama/Biden
* primaries
* 2012 (Charlotte): Obama/Biden
* primaries
* 2016 (Philadelphia): H. Clinton/Kaine
* primaries
* 2020 (Milwaukee/other locations): Biden/Harris
* primaries
* 2024 (Chicago): Harris/Walz
* primaries

Presidential
administrations|

* Jackson (1829–1837)
* Van Buren (1837–1841)
* Polk (1845–1849)
* Pierce (1853–1857)
* Buchanan (1857–1861)
* A. Johnson (1868–1869)
* Cleveland (1885–1889; 1893–1897)
* Wilson (1913–1921)
* Roosevelt (1933–1941; 1941–1945)
* Truman (1945–1953)
* Kennedy (1961–1963)
* L. B. Johnson (1963–1969)
* Carter (1977–1981)
* Clinton (1993–2001)
* Obama (2009–2017)
* Biden (2021–2025)

U.S. House
leaders,
Speakers,
and
Caucus
chairs|

* A. Stevenson (1827–1834)
* Bell (1834–1835)
* Polk (1835–1839)
* J. W. Jones (1843–1845)
* Davis (1845–1847)
* Cobb (1849–1851)
* Boyd (1851–1855)
* G. W. Jones (1855–1857)
* Orr (1857–1859)
* Houston (1859–1861)
* Niblack/Randall (1869–1871)
* Niblack (1873–1875)
* Kerr (1875–1876)
* Randall (1876–1881)
* Carlisle (1883–1889)
* Holman (1889–1891)
* Crisp (1891–1895)
* D. B. Culberson (1895–1897)
* Richardson (1897–1903)
* Williams (1903–1909)
* Clark (1909–1921)
* Kitchin (1921–1923)
* Garrett (1923–1929)
* Garner (1929–1933)
* Rainey (1933–1934)
* Byrns (1935–1936)
* Bankhead (1936–1940)
* Rayburn (1940–1961)
* McCormack (1962–1971)
* Albert (1971–1977)
* O'Neill (1977–1987)
* Wright (1987–1989)
* Foley (1989–1995)
* Gephardt (1995–2003)
* Pelosi (2003–2023)
* Jeffries (2023–present)

U.S. Senate
leaders
and
Caucus
chairs|

* J. W. Stevenson (1873–1877)
* Wallace (1877–1881)
* Pendleton (1881–1885)
* Beck (1885–1890)
* Gorman (1890–1898)
* Turpie (1898–1899)
* J. K. Jones (1899–1903)
* Gorman (1903–1906)
* Blackburn (1906–1907)
* C. A. Culberson (1907–1909)
* Money (1909–1911)
* Martin (1911–1913)
* Kern (1913–1917)
* Martin (1917–1919)
* Hitchcock (1919–1920)
* Underwood (1920–1923)
* Robinson (1923–1937)
* Barkley (1937–1949)
* Lucas (1949–1951)
* McFarland (1951–1953)
* Johnson (1953–1961)
* Mansfield (1961–1977)
* Byrd (1977–1989)
* Mitchell (1989–1995)
* Daschle (1995–2005)
* Reid (2005–2017)
* Schumer (2017–present)

Chairs of
the DNC|

* Hallett
* McLane
* Smalley
* Belmont
* Schell
* Hewitt
* Barnum
* Brice
* Harrity
* Jones
* Taggart
* Mack
* McCombs
* McCormick
* Cummings
* White
* Hull
* Shaver
* Raskob
* Farley
* Flynn
* Walker
* Hannegan
* McGrath
* Boyle
* McKinney
* Mitchell
* Butler
* Jackson
* Bailey
* O'Brien
* Harris
* O'Brien
* Westwood
* Strauss
* Curtis
* White
* Manatt
* Kirk
* Brown
* Wilhelm
* DeLee
* Dodd/Fowler
* Romer/Grossman
* Rendell/Andrew
* McAuliffe
* Dean
* Kaine
* Wasserman Schultz
* Perez
* Harrison
* Martin

State and
territorial
parties|

* Alabama
* Alaska
* Arizona
* Arkansas
* California
* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Delaware
* Florida
* Georgia
* Hawaii
* Idaho
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Iowa
* Kansas
* Kentucky
* Louisiana
* Maine
* Maryland
* Massachusetts
* Michigan
* Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party
* Mississippi
* Missouri
* Montana
* Nebraska
* Nevada
* New Hampshire
* New Jersey
* New Mexico
* New York
* North Carolina
* North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party
* Ohio
* Oklahoma
* Oregon
* Pennsylvania
* Rhode Island
* South Carolina
* South Dakota
* Tennessee
* Texas
* Utah
* Vermont
* Virginia
* Washington
* West Virginia
* Wisconsin
* Wyoming
* American Samoa
* District of Columbia Democratic State Committee
* Guam
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Puerto Rico
* Virgin Islands
* Democrats Abroad

Affiliated
groups|

| Congress|

* Senate Caucus
* Policy Committee
* Steering and Outreach Committee
* House Caucus
* Factions
* Blue Dog Coalition
* Congressional Progressive Caucus
* Squad
* Justice Democrats
* New Democrat Coalition
* Problem Solvers Caucus

|

Campaign
committees|

* Democratic Attorneys General Association
* Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee
* Democratic Governors Association
* Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee
* Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee
* National Conference of Democratic Mayors

Constituency
groups|

* College Democrats of America
* Democrats Abroad
* National Federation of Democratic Women
* Stonewall Democrats
* Stonewall Young Democrats
* Young Democrats of America
* High School Democrats of America

Strategic
groups|

* National Democratic Redistricting Committee
* National Democratic Training Committee

Related|

* Primaries
* Presidential candidates
* Debates
* Superdelegate
* Chairmanship elections
* 2005
* 2009
* 2013
* 2017
* 2021
* 2025
* House caucus leadership elections
* 2006
* 2018
* Weekly Democratic Address

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