Party of Democratic Action

Bosniak political party

For eponymous parties, see Party of Democratic Action (disambiguation).

Party of Democratic Action

Stranka demokratske akcije

President| Bakir Izetbegović
General Secretary| Halid Genjac
Vice Presidents|

See list

* Fadil Novalić
Edin Ramić
Muamer Zukić
Haris Zahiragić
Aida Obuća
Ramiz Salkić
Šerif Špago
Mirsad Zaimović
Mirsad Mujić

Founder| Alija Izetbegović
Founded| 26 May 1990
Headquarters| Mehmeda Spahe 14, Sarajevo
Youth wing| Youth Association SDA
Ideology|

* Bosniak nationalism[1][2]
* Conservatism[9]
* Islamism[16]
* Pro-Europeanism[17]
* Catch-all party[18][19][20]

Political position| Centre-right[21] to right-wing[22]
European affiliation| European People's Party (observer)[23]
Colours|

* Green

Slogan| "Snaga naroda!"
"Power of the people!"
Anthem| "Ja sin sam tvoj, zemljo"
"I am your son, country"
HoR BiH|

8 / 42

HoP BiH|

2 / 15

HoR FBiH|

26 / 98

HoP FBiH|

15 / 80

NA RS|

1 / 83

Party flag
Website
www.sda.ba

* Politics of Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Political parties
* Elections

The Party of Democratic Action (Bosnian: Stranka demokratske akcije; abbr. SDA) is a Bosniak nationalist, conservative[2][3][4][5][6][7][8] political party in Bosnia and Herzegovina.[24]

## History

[edit]

The Party of Democratic Action (SDA) was founded on 26 May 1990 in Sarajevo, as a "party of Muslim cultural-historic circle". It was a realisation of Alija Izetbegović's idea of an Islamic religious and national party in Bosnia and Herzegovina.[citation needed] Many members of the Islamic Community of Bosnia and Herzegovina, including imams, took part in the party's foundation. Alija, who was chosen as its chairman, tried to resolve disputes between the Muslim nationalist Islamists led by Omer Behmen and the left-wing Muslims led by Adil Zulfikarpašić.[10] The party has its roots in the old Yugoslav Muslim Organization, a conservative Muslim party in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Yugoslav Muslim Organization was a successor of Muslimanska Narodna Organizacija (Muslim National Organization), a conservative Muslim party founded in 1906 during the Austro-Hungarian era. The Muslim National Organization was itself a successor of the conservative Muslim "Movement for waqf and educational autonomy" (Pokret za vakufsko-mearifsku autonomiju) that goes back to 1887.

The SDA achieved considerable success in elections after the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s. It founded the newspaper Ljiljan. The party remains the strongest political party among the Bosniak population in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

In November 2000, the party was defeated by the Social Democratic Party and other parties gathered into the "Alliance for Change", and found itself in opposition for the first time since its creation.[25][clarification needed] After the 2022 general election, the SDA became once again the largest party in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The party has branches in Slovenia, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Croatia and the Sandžak region of Serbia. One of the goals of the party, outside Bosnia and Herzegovina, is to represent and defend the interests of Bosniaks and other Muslim South Slavs in the entire Balkan region. In Montenegro, the SDA merged with smaller Bosniak and Slavic Muslim parties to create the Bosniak Party.

The party is an observer member of the European People's Party (EPP).

## Ideology

[edit]

The Party of Democratic Action is the primary stronghold for right-orientated Bosniaks, especially for nationalists, and conservatives, and thus they have been described as national-conservative.[26] The party has been also described as secularist by some researchers.[27][28] Islamist and Pan-Islamist ideologies exist in the party but tends to represent itself mainly among the elite apparatus of the party.[29][30] The party supports the centralization of the government of Bosnia and Herzegovina.[31] On foreign stances they also tend to be atlanticist and supportive of the accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to NATO and the European Union.[30][19]

## List of presidents

[edit]

Further information: List of chairpersons of the Party of Democratic Action

Name  | Term of Office

|

1  | Alija Izetbegović | 1990–2001
2  | Sulejman Tihić | 2001–2014
3  | Bakir Izetbegović | 2014–present

## Elections

[edit]

### Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina

[edit]

Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina Year  | Leader  | #  | Popular vote  | %  | Seats won  | Government

|
|
|
|
|
|

1990 | Alija Izetbegović | 1st  | 711,075  | 31.48  |

86 / 240

| Coalition
Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina Year  | Leader  | #  | Popular vote  | %  | HoR | Seat change  | HoP | Seat change  | Government

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1996 | Alija Izetbegović | 1st  | 909,970  | 37.92  |

19 / 42

| New  |

5 / 15

| New  | Coalition
1998[a] | 1st  | 583,895  | 33.83  |

13 / 42

|  6  |

3 / 15

|  2  | Coalition
2000 | 1st  | 279,548  | 18.76  |

8 / 42

|  5  |

2 / 15

|  1  | Opposition
2002 | Sulejman Tihić | 1st  | 269,427  | 21.92  |

10 / 42

|  2  |

4 / 15

|  2  | Coalition
2006 | 2nd  | 238,475  | 16.89  |

9 / 42

|  1  |

3 / 15

|  1  | Coalition
2010 | 3rd  | 214,300  | 13.05  |

7 / 42

|  2  |

3 / 15

|  0  | Coalition (2010–2012)
Opposition (2012–2014)
2014 | Bakir Izetbegović | 1st  | 305,715  | 18.73  |

10 / 42

|  3  |

3 / 15

|  0  | Coalition
2018 | 1st  | 281,754  | 17.01  |

9 / 42

|  1  |

3 / 15

|  0  | Coalition
2022 | 1st  | 273,545  | 17.23  |

9 / 42

|  0  |

2 / 15

|  1  | Opposition

### Parliament of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

[edit]

Parliament of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Year  | Leader  | #  | Popular vote  | %  | HoR | Seat change  | HoP | Seat change  | Government

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1996 | Alija Izetbegović | 1st  | 725,810  | 54.34  |

78 / 140

| New  |

27 / 65

| New  | Coalition
1998[a] | 1st  | 456,458  | 49.20  |

68 / 140

|  10  |

26 / 72

|  1  | Coalition
2000 | 1st  | 232,674  | 26.81  |

38 / 140

|  30  |

11 / 81

|  15  | Opposition
2002 | Sulejman Tihić | 1st  | 234,923  | 33.57  |

32 / 98

|  6  |

11 / 58

|  | Coalition
2006 | 1st  | 218,365  | 25.45  |

28 / 98

|  4  |

9 / 58

|  2  | Coalition
2010 | 2nd  | 206,926  | 20.22  |

23 / 98

|  5  |

9 / 58

|  | Coalition
2014 | Bakir Izetbegović | 1st  | 275,728  | 27.79  |

29 / 98

|  6  |

10 / 58

|  1  | Coalition
2018 | 1st  | 252,817  | 25.25  |

27 / 98

|  2  |

9 / 58

|  1  | Coalition
2022 | 1st  | 238,111  | 24.40  |

26 / 98

|  1  |

13 / 80

|  4  | Opposition

### Presidency elections

[edit]

Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina Election year  | #  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | Representing  | Elected?

|
|
|
|
|
|

1996 | 1st  | Alija Izetbegović | 730,592 | 80.0% | Bosniaks | Yes
1998[a] | 1st  | Alija Izetbegović | 511,541 | 86.8% | Bosniaks | Yes
2002 | 1st  | Sulejman Tihić | 192,661 | 37.2% | Bosniaks | Yes
2006 | 2nd  | Sulejman Tihić | 153,683 | 27.5% | Bosniaks | No
2010 | 1st  | Bakir Izetbegović | 162,831 | 34.8% | Bosniaks | Yes
2014 | 1st  | Bakir Izetbegović | 247,235 | 32.8% | Bosniaks | Yes
2018 | 1st  | Šefik Džaferović | 212,581 | 36.6% | Bosniaks | Yes
2022 | 2nd  | Bakir Izetbegović | 214,412 | 37.3% | Bosniaks | No

### Cantonal elections

[edit]

Cantonal election | Cantonal Assembly

|

Una-Sana | Posavina | Tuzla | Zenica-Doboj | Bosnian Podrinje Goražde | Central Bosnia | Herzegovina-Neretva | West Herzegovina | Sarajevo | Canton 10 | Total won / Total contested
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
1996 |

39 / 50

3 / 20

33 / 50

40 / 59

26 / 31

29 / 55

19 / 50

0 / 31

28 / 45

2 / 15

219 / 406

1998 |

33 / 50

5 / 30

26 / 50

29 / 50

21 / 31

22 / 50

18 / 50

0 / 31

25 / 45

4 / 30

183 / 417

2000 |

13 / 30

2 / 19

12 / 35

13 / 35

8 / 25

8 / 28

5 / 28

0 / 21

8 / 35

2 / 23

71 / 279

2002 |

14 / 30

2 / 21

16 / 35

20 / 35

12 / 25

10 / 30

7 / 30

0 / 23

15 / 35

2 / 25

98 / 289

2006 |

12 / 30

2 / 21

12 / 35

13 / 35

9 / 25

8 / 30

6 / 30

0 / 23

10 / 35

2 / 25

74 / 289

2010 |

7 / 30

2 / 21

10 / 35

10 / 35

6 / 25

6 / 30

5 / 30

0 / 23

7 / 35

2 / 25

55 / 289

2014 |

10 / 30

3 / 21

13 / 35

11 / 35

6 / 25

8 / 30

7 / 30

0 / 23

10 / 35

2 / 25

70 / 289

2018 |

9 / 30

2 / 21

9 / 35

11 / 35

5 / 25

10 / 30

8 / 30

0 / 23

10 / 35

2 / 25

66 / 289

2022 |

8 / 30

3 / 21

13 / 35

11 / 35

5 / 25

11 / 30

7 / 30

0 / 23

7 / 35

2 / 25

67 / 289

## See also

[edit]

* Elections in the Party of Democratic Action
* List of Islamic political parties

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ a b c Run as part of the Coalition for Unity and Democracy (SDA, SBiH, LS and GDS).

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Šedo 2013, p. 31.
2. ^ a b c Nordsieck, Wolfram (2018). "Bosnia-Herzegovina". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 10 October 2018.
3. ^ a b Eralp 2012, p. 28.
4. ^ a b Babić 2014, p. 128.
5. ^ a b Farmer 2010, p. 126.
6. ^ a b Krieger 2012, p. 102.
7. ^ a b Tottoli 2014, p. 81.
8. ^ a b Filipović & 28 July 2000.
9. ^ [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
10. ^ a b Perica 2004, p. 87.
11. ^ Babić 2014, p. 128.
12. ^ Farmer 2010, p. 126.
13. ^ Krieger 2012, p. 102.
14. ^ Tottoli 2014, p. 81.
15. ^ Filipović 28 July 2000
16. ^ [10][11][12][13][14][15]
17. ^ "Stav SDA o novoj metodologiji proširenja Evropske unije". ba.n1info.com (in Bosnian). N1. 7 February 2020.
18. ^ Gallagher, Tom (2 September 2003). The Balkans After the Cold War: From Tyranny to Tragedy. Routledge. ISBN 9781134472406.
19. ^ a b "Party Politics in the Western Balkans" edited by Vera Stojarová, Peter Emerson
20. ^ Dyker, David; Vejvoda, Ivan (19 September 2014). Yugoslavia and After: A Study in Fragmentation, Despair and Rebirth. Routledge. ISBN 9781317891352.
21. ^ Nardelli, Alberto; Dzidic, Denis; Jukic, Elvira (8 October 2014). "Bosnia and Herzegovina: the world's most complicated system of government?". The Guardian.
22. ^ Arnautović, Suad (2018). "The Presidentialisation of Political Parties in Bosnia and Herzegovina: A Mitigated Presidentialism". In Passarelli, Gianluca (ed.). The Presidentialisation of Political Parties in the Western Balkans. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 87. ISBN 978-3-319-97352-4.
23. ^ Šedo 2013, p. 92.
24. ^ James, Ron (2003). Frontiers and ghettos: State Violence in Serbia and Israel. University of California Press. p. 218\. ISBN 9780520236578. Retrieved 18 June 2009.
25. ^ Al-Azmeh, Aziz (2007). Islam in Europe: Diversity, Identity, and Influence. Cambridge University Press. p. 118\. ISBN 9780521860116. Retrieved 18 June 2009.
26. ^ "A State of Division". Jacobin. 8 November 2018.
27. ^ "Innocence and Victimhood: Gender, Nation, and Women’s Activism in Postwar Bosnia-Herzegovina", Elizabeth Helms, University of Wisconsin Press
28. ^ "Islam and Bosnia: Conflict Resolution and Foreign Policy in Multi-ethnic States", edited by Maya Shatzmiller, McGill-Queen's University Press
29. ^ Xavier Bougarel, "Islam and Nationhood in Bosnia-Herzegovina: Surviving Empires", Bloomsbury
30. ^ a b Xavier Bougarel. "Bosnian Islam since 1990: Cultural Identity or Political Ideology?", Convention annuelle de l’Association for the Study of Nationalities (ASN), p. 3
31. ^ "Bosnia-Herzegovina political briefing: BIH's Troyka Agreement – ambitious or premature plan to exit from 10 months-long government crisis? – China-CEE Institute". 11 October 2019.

## Bibliography

[edit]

* Babić, Marko (2014). Milosevic, Marko; Rekawek, Kacper (eds.). Perseverance of Terrorism: Focus on Leaders. Amsterdam: IOS Press. ISBN 9781614993872.
* Eralp, Doğa Ulaş (2012). Politics of the European Union in Bosnia-Herzegovina: Between Conflict and Democracy. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books. ISBN 9780739149478.
* Farmer, Brian R. (2010). Radical Islam in the West: Ideology and Challenge. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. ISBN 9780786462100.
* Krieger, Joel (2012). The Oxford Companion to Comparative Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199738595.
* Perica, Vjekoslav (2004). Balkan Idols: Religion and Nationalism in Yugoslav States. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195174298.
* Šedo, Jakub (2013). "The party system of Bosnia and Herzegovina". In Stojarová, Vera; Emerson, Peter (eds.). Party Politics in the Western Balkans. New York: Routledge. ISBN 9781135235857.
* Tottoli, Roberto (2014). Routledge Handbook of Islam in the West. London: Routledge. ISBN 9781317744023.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Filipović, Muhamed (28 July 2000). "Kako su se razišli Alija i Adil". BH Dani (in Serbo-Croatian). Retrieved 1 March 2015.

## External links

[edit]

* Official website (in Bosnian)

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Alija Izetbegović

* Bosniak Member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1990–2000)

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