Parwan Province

Province of Afghanistan

"Parwan" redirects here. For the locality in Australia, see Parwan, Victoria.

Province in Afghanistan

Parwan

پروان

Province

The Salang Pass during winter

Map of Afghanistan with Parwan highlighted

Coordinates (Capital): 35°00′N 69°00′E﻿ / ﻿35.0°N 69.0°E﻿ / 35.0; 69.0
Country|  Afghanistan
Capital| Charikar
Government

• Governor| Mohammad Farid Omar[1]
• Deputy Governor| Maulvi Dost Mohammad Haqqani[2]
Area

• Total

| 5,715 km2 (2,207 sq mi)
Population

(2021)[3]

• Total

| 751,040
• Density| 130/km2 (340/sq mi)
Time zone| UTC+4:30 (Afghanistan Time)
Postal code|

11xx

ISO 3166 code| AF-PAR
Main languages| Dari and Pashto[4]

Parwan (Pashto[a], Dari[b]: پروان), also spelled as Parvan, is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan. It is the largest province of the Greater Parwan region, and has a population of about 751,000.[3] The province is multi-ethnic and is a mostly rural society. The province is divided into 10 districts. The town of Imam Abu Hanifa serves as the provincial capital. The province is located north of Kabul Province and south of Baghlan Province, west of Panjshir Province and Kapisa Province, and east of Maidan Wardak Province and Bamyan Province. The province's famous tourism attraction is the Golghondi Hill, also known as “the flower hill,” located in Imam Azam about an hour away from the capital city of Kabul.[5] After Panjshir this province has been considered as one of the main raising points of Afghanistan War against Soviets.

The name Parwan is also attributed to a town, the exact location of which is now unknown, that supposedly existed during prehistory, in the nearby Hindu Kush mountains.[6]

Despite a four-decade-long state of war in Afghanistan, Parwan was relatively free of conflict by the mid-2010s. While occasional attacks on government or international forces were reported, they were usually minor.[citation needed] Such incidents in Parwan mostly involved grenade attacks on the residences of government officials or roadside bombs.[7] Bagram Air Base, which was one of the largest US military bases in Afghanistan, is located in Parwan.

## History

[edit]

Part of a series on the

History of Afghanistan
Timeline

Ancient

|  Indus Valley Civilisation|  2200–1800 BC

|

Oxus civilization|  2100–1800 BC
Gandhara kingdom|  1500–535 BC
Median Empire|  728–550 BC
Achaemenid Empire|  550–330 BC
Macedonian Empire|  330–312 BC
Seleucid Empire|  312–150 BC
Maurya Empire|  305–180 BC
Greco-Bactrian kingdom|  256–125 BC
Parthian Empire|  247 BC–224 AD
Indo-Greek kingdom|  180–90 BC
Indo-Scythian kingdom|  155–80? BC
Kushan Empire|  135 BC – 248 AD
Indo-Parthian kingdom|  20 BC – 50? AD
Sasanian Empire|  230–651
Kidarite kingdom|  320–465
Rob|
Alchon Huns|  380–560
Hephthalite Empire|  410–557
Nezak Huns|  484–711

Medieval

|  Kabul Shahi|  565–879

|

Principality of Chaghaniyan|  7th–8th centuries
Rashidun Caliphate|  652–661
Tang China|  660–669
Tibetan Empire|  660–842
Umayyads|  661–750
Zunbils|  680–870
Lawik| 750-977
Abbasids|  750–821
Tahirids|  821–873
Saffarids|  863–900
Samanids|  875–999
Ghaznavids|  963–1187
Ghurids|  before 879–1215
Seljuks|  1037–1194
Khwarezmids|  1215–1231
Mongol Invasion|  1219–1226
Chagatai Khanate|  1226–1245
Qarlughids|  1224–1266
Ilkhanate|  1256–1335
Kartids|  1245–1381
Timurids|  1370–1507
Arghuns|  1520–1591

Modern

|  Mughals|  1501–1738

|

Safavids|  1510–1709
Kunduz Khanate|  ?–1859
Hotak dynasty|  1709–1738
Sadozai Sultanate|  1716–1732
Afsharid Iran|  1738–1747
Durrani Empire|  1747–1823
Maimana Khanate|  1747–1892
Herat|  1793–1863
Principality of Qandahar| 1818–1855
Emirate|  1823–1926
Saqqawist Emirate|  1929
Kingdom|  1926–1973
Daoud coup|  1973
Republic|  1973–1978
Saur Revolution|  1978
Democratic Republic|  1978–1992
Tanai coup attempt|  1990
Islamic State|  1992–1996
Islamic Emirate|  1996–2001
US invasion|  2001
Islamic State (reinstated)|  2001
Interim/Transitional Administration|  2001–2004
Islamic Republic (politics)|  2004–2021
Islamic Emirate (reinstated)|  since 2021

Related historical regions

* Arachosia
* Aria
* Ariana
* Bactria
* Gandhara
* Iran
* Kabulistan
* Kafiristan
* Khorasan
* Kushanshahr
* Paropamisadae
* Sistan
* Zabulistan

Related topics

* Political history
* Political violence
* Culture
* Economic history
* Name
* Afghan (ethnonym)
* List of years
* List of heads of state
* Wars
* List of wars
* Hinduism history
* Hindu and Buddhist heritage
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* Category
* Afghanistan portal

* v
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Further information: History of Afghanistan

In 329 BC, Alexander the Great founded the settlement of Parwan as his Alexandria of the Caucasus. It was conquered by Arab Muslims in 792 AD.[6] In 1221, the province was the site of the battle between the invading Mongols, led by Genghis Khan, and the Khwarazmian Empire led by Jalal al-Din Mangburni, where the Mongols were defeated.[6]

The Kingdom of Kapisa (known in contemporary Chinese sources as Chinese: 漕國 Caoguo and Chinese: 罽賓 Jibin) was a state located in what is now Afghanistan during the late 1st millennium CE. Its capital was the city of Bagram. The kingdom stretched from the Hindu Kush in the north to Bamiyan and Kandahar in the south and west, out as far as the modern Jalalabad District in the east.

The famous Moroccan traveler and scholar, Ibn Battuta, visiting the area in 1333 write:

> We halted next at a place called Banj Hir (Panjshir), which means "Five Mountains," where there was once a fine and populous city built on a great river with blue water like the sea. This country was devastated by Tinkiz, the king of the Tatars, and has not been inhabited since. We came to a mountain called Pashay, where there is a convent of the Shaykh Ata Awliya, which means "Father of the Saints." He is also called Sisad Salah, which is the Persian for "three hundred years," because they say that he is three hundred and fifty years old. They have a very high opinion of him and come to visit him from the towns and villages, and sultans and princesses visit him too. He received us with honor and made us his guests. We encamped by a river near his convent and went to see him, and when I saluted him he embraced me. His skin is fresh and smoother than any I have seen; anyone seeing him would take him to be fifty years old. He told me that he grew new hair and teeth every hundred years. I had some doubts about him, however, and God knows how much truth there is in what he says. We traveled thence to Parwan, where I met the amir Buruntayh. He treated me well and wrote to his representatives at Ghazna enjoining them to show me honor. We went on to the village of Charkh [Charikar], it being now summer, and from there to the town of Ghazna. This is the town of the famous warrior-sultan Mahmud ibn Sabuktagin, one of the greatest of rulers, who made frequent raids into India and captured cities and fortresses there.[8]

— Ibn Battuta, 1304–1369

The area was subsequently ruled by the Timurids and Mughals until Ahmad Shah Durrani made it part of the Durrani Empire in 1747. In 1840, Parwan was the site of a major battle in the First Anglo-Afghan War where the invading British were defeated.[6] Parwan's modern history began with the construction of a new textile factory in the town of Jabal Saraj in 1937.[6] Parwan was involved in the Soviet–Afghan War as some of the fiercest fightings took place in the area.[9] In the 1990s it was the site of heavy resistance against the Taliban.

### Recent history

[edit]

Computer class at the Korean Education and Cultural Center in Parwan.

Following the removal of the Taliban in late 2001, the United States Armed Forces took control of Bagram Air Base and began using it as one of their main bases in Afghanistan. A Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT) led by South Korea helped the locals with development activities in the province until 2014.[10] In mid-February 2011, five rocket-propelled grenades hit the newly built South Korean military base housing the provincial reconstruction team and civilian aid workers. No one was injured in the attack, but it came hours after a visit by South Korean Defense Minister Kim Kwan-jin, raising suspicions of Taliban involvement. The opening ceremony of the base was postponed indefinitely.[11]

A plan to build a power plant in the province is under consideration.[citation needed] A large portion of Parwan's economy relies on remittances from the Afghan diaspora living abroad.[citation needed]

In July 2012, the Taliban executed a married woman in front of a large crowd after she was found guilty of adultery.[12] It was reported that the woman had a secret affair with a married military commander of the Afghan National Army. In August 2021, Parwan was captured by the Taliban during their offensive.

## Healthcare

[edit]

Further information: Health in Afghanistan

The percentage of households with clean drinking water fell from 32% in 2005 to 11% in 2011.[13] The percentage of births attended to by a skilled birth attendant increased from 4% in 2005 to 7% in 2011.[13]

## Education

[edit]

Further information: Education in Afghanistan

The overall literacy rate (6+ years of age) fell from 37% in 2005 to 28% in 2011.[13] The overall net enrolment rate (6–13 years of age) increased from 42% in 2005 to 54% in 2011.[13]

## Demographics and geography

[edit]

Further information: Demography of Afghanistan

Districts of Parwan province

As of 2020, the total population of the province is about 751,000,[3] which is multi-ethnic and mostly a rural society. 8 percent of the population lived below the national poverty line, the second lowest figure in Afghanistan behind only Logar Province.[14]

According to the Naval Postgraduate School, the ethnic groups of the province are as follows: Tajiks, Hazaras, Uzbeks, Pashtuns, Kuchis and other minority groups.[15] According to Afghanistan's Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development:

> Around three quarters (73%) of the population of Parwan lives in rural districts, while one quarter (27%) lives in urban areas, Around 50% of the population is male and 50% is female. Persian (Dari dialect) and Pashto are the main languages spoken in the province; however Persian speakers outnumber Pashto speakers by a ratio of 5 to 2.[4] Parwan province also has a population of Kuchis or nomads whose numbers vary in different seasons. In winter 30,290 Kuchi live in Parwan province, of which 66% are short-range migratory and the remaining 34% are long-range migratory. During the summer, Kuchi migrate to Parwan province from Laghman, Kapisa, Baghlan and to a lesser extent from Kabul, Nangarhar and Kunar. The Kuchi population in the summer is 121,517 individuals.[16]

### Districts

[edit]

As per the figures below based on the ethnographics of each district as well as the density and therefore the inhabitability of each district, the province has a population of approximately 878,192.

Districts of Parwan Province  District  | Capital  | Population (2022)[3] | Area  | Pop.
density  | Ethnicity[17]

|
|
|
|
|

Bagram |  | 117,181 | 381 | 308 | 60% Tajiks, 35% Pashtuns, 5% Hazara.[18]
Charikar (capital) |  | 202,210 | 258 | 783 | Mixed Tajiks and Pashtuns.[19]
Ghorband |  | 109,342 | 908 | 120 | Mixed Pashtuns, Tajiks and Hazaras.[20]
Jabal Saraj |  | 72,345 | 99 | 730 | Tajiks.[21][22]
Kohi Safi |  | 35,075 | 569 | 62 | Predominantly Pashtuns.[22]
Salang |  | 29,362 | 547 | 54 | Predominantly Tajiks, few Pashtuns.[23]
Sayed Khel |  | 51,549 | 31 | 1,639 | Mix Tajiks and Pashtuns.[22] Used to be part of Jabal Saraj District.
Sheikh Ali |  | 27,901 | 913 | 31 | Predominantly Hazaras.[24]
Shinwari |  | 46,501 | 722 | 64 | Predominantly Pashtuns.[22]
Surkhi Parsa |  | 46,234 | 1,152 | 40 | Predominantly Hazaras. [25]
Parwan |  | 737,700 | 5,715 | 129 | Majority Tajik, notable minorities include Hazaras and Pashtuns.

### Notable towns and villages

[edit]

* Gulbahar, Afghanistan

## Gallery

[edit]

* Images of Parwan Province
* Near the Shibar Pass that connects Parwan to Bamyan.

* A road in the Parwan Province, near the Sayed Bridge which is located short distance north from Bagram Air Base.

* Fields near the Sayed Bridge

* School girls in a rural area of Parwan

* A member of the Afghan National Police trying to control local children awaiting the distribution of goods from the U.S. military for the winter months.

* Afghan women working inside a factory in Parwan

## See also

[edit]

* Provinces of Afghanistan
* Battle of Parwan

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Pashto pronunciation: [par.wɑn]
2. ^ Dari pronunciation: [pär.wɑ́ːn]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "د پروان د استخباراتو نوي رييس په کار پيل وکړ". باختر خبری آژانس. November 4, 2021.
2. ^ "نشست محاکم پروان برگزار شد". آژانس خبری باختر. August 31, 2021.
3. ^ a b c d "Estimated Population of Afghanistan 2021-22" (PDF). National Statistic and Information Authority (NSIA). April 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 24, 2021. Retrieved June 21, 2021.
4. ^ a b "Parwan Provincial profile" (PDF). United Nations. Afghanistan's Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development. Archived from the original on June 1, 2015. Retrieved June 1, 2015. "Persian and Pashto are the main languages spoken in the province; however Persian speakers outnumber Pashto speakers by a ratio of 5 to 2."
5. ^ Gupta, Kanika (July 9, 2021). "I Didn't Expect to Find This in Afghanistan". Fodors Travel Guide. Retrieved February 22, 2023.
6. ^ a b c d e Frye, Richard Nelson (1999). "Farran (also Parwan)". Encyclopaedia of Islam CD-ROM Edition v. 1.0. Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV. Retrieved on December 18, 2007.
7. ^ "Regional Command East: Parwan Province". Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved June 16, 2013.
8. ^ Ibn Battuta (2004). Travels in Asia and Africa, 1325-1354 (reprint, illustrated ed.). Routledge. p. 179\. ISBN 0-415-34473-5. Retrieved September 10, 2010.
9. ^ "Charikar". The Columbia Encyclopedia (Sixth ed.). Columbia University Press. 2007. Retrieved December 19, 2007.
10. ^ Ha-won, Jung (July 2, 2010). "Rocket attack on Korean compound in Parwan". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on December 15, 2014. Retrieved June 16, 2013.
11. ^ Moon, Gwang-lip (December 2, 2011). "Taliban strike on Koreans confirmed". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on July 13, 2011. Retrieved November 2, 2011.
12. ^ "Video: Afghan Taliban publicly execute woman - World news - South and Central Asia - Afghanistan - msnbc.com". July 8, 2012. Archived from the original on July 8, 2012.
13. ^ a b c d "Parwan Province". CimicWeb. Archived from the original on May 31, 2014. Retrieved May 30, 2014.
14. ^ Giustozzi, Antonio (August 29, 2012). Decoding the New Taliban: Insights from the Afghan Field. C. Hurst (Publishers) Limited. ISBN 9781849042260 – via Google Books.
15. ^ "Parwan Province". Program for Culture & Conflict Studies. Naval Postgraduate School. Retrieved June 16, 2013. "The population of approximately 560,000 is composed of Pashtun, Tajik, Uzbek, Qizilbash, Kuchi, Hazara, Turkmen and other minority groups."
16. ^ "Parwan Province: B. Demography and Population" (PDF). United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan and Afghanistan Statistical Yearbook 2006, Central Statistics Office. Afghanistan's Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development. Archived from the original on April 25, 2012. Retrieved December 6, 2011.
17. ^ "FAO in Afghanistan | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations". www.fao.org.
18. ^ District profiles. Bagram aims.org.af
19. ^ District profiles. Charikar aims.org.af
20. ^ District profiles. Siagard aims.org.af
21. ^ District profiles. Jabak Saraj aims.org.af
22. ^ a b c d East tribal map npsu.edu
23. ^ District profiles. Salang aims.org.af
24. ^ District profiles. Sheikh Ali aims.org.af
25. ^ District profiles. Lolinge aims.org.af

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Parwan Province.

* Homayoun Afghan Special Report on the Tour of the Arghavan National Festival - Part II on YouTube, April 16, 2019, Ariana Television Network.
* Parwan Province by the Naval Postgraduate School
* Parwan Province by the Institute for the Study of War

Places adjacent to Parwan Province

|  | Baghlan Province | Panjshir Province

|
|

|  |
Bamyan Province |

Parwan Province

| Kapisa Province
|  |
Wardak Province |  | Kabul Province

* v
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* e

Provinces of Afghanistan

* Badakhshan
* Badghis
* Baghlan
* Balkh
* Bamyan
* Daykundi
* Farah
* Faryab
* Ghazni
* Ghor
* Helmand
* Herat
* Jowzjan
* Kabul
* Kandahar
* Kapisa
* Khost
* Kunar
* Kunduz
* Laghman
* Logar
* Maidan Wardak
* Nangarhar
* Nimruz
* Nuristan
* Paktia
* Paktika
* Panjshir
* Parwan
* Samangan
* Sar-e Pol
* Takhar
* Uruzgan
* Zabul

* Afghanistan portal

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Parwan Province

Capital: Charikar

Districts|

* Bagram
* Charikar
* Ghorband
* Jabal Saraj
* Kohi Safi
* Salang
* Sayed Khel
* Shekh Ali
* Shinwari
* Surkhi Parsa

Populated places|

* Ahtaj
* Ashava
* Bagram
* Gulbahar
* Istalif
* Jabal Saraj

Landforms|

* Band-e Hindukush
* Ghorband River
* Koh-e Hindukush
* Kotal e Hindukush
* Kushan Pass
* Salang mountains
* Salang Pass
* Salang River
* Shibar Pass
* Silsilah ye Koh e Hindukush

Other|

* Governors
* Parwan University

Authority control databases

Geographic|

* MusicBrainz area

Other|

* NARA
* Yale LUX

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