Patriarch

Highest-ranking bishop in Christianity

This article is about the title in Christianity. For other uses, see Patriarch (disambiguation).

Patriarchs in different Christian confessions, including Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy and Catholicism respectively from left to right:
Eastern Orthodox: Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople Bartholomew I, Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia Ilia II, Patriarch of All Romania Daniel and Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus' Kirill I
Oriental Orthodox: Patriarch of Armenia Garegin II, Coptic Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria Tawadros II, Patriarch-Catholicos of All Ethiopia Mathias I and Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch Ignatius Aphrem II
Catholic: Syriac Catholic Patriarch of Antioch Ignatius Joseph III Yonan, Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem Pierbattista Pizzaballa, Coptic Catholic Patriarch of Alexandria Ibrahim Isaac Sidrak and Maronite Patriarch of Antioch Bechara Boutros al-Rahi

Part of a series on the

Eastern Orthodox Church

Mosaic of Christ Pantocrator, Hagia Sophia

Overview

* Structure
* Theology (History of theology)
* Liturgy
* Church history
* Holy Mysteries
* View of Salvation
* View of Mary
* View of icons

Background

* Crucifixion / Resurrection / Ascension
of Jesus

* Christianity
* Christian Church
* Apostolic succession
* Four Marks of the Church
* Orthodoxy

Organization

* Autonomy
* Autocephaly
* Patriarchate
* Ecumenical Patriarch
* Episcopal polity
* Canon law
* Clergy
* Bishops
* Priests
* Deacons
* Monasticism
* Degrees
* Bratstvo

Autocephalous jurisdictions

Autocephalous Churches who are officially part of the communion:

* Constantinople
* Alexandria
* Antioch
* Jerusalem
* Russia
* Serbia
* Romania
* Bulgaria
* Georgia
* Cyprus
* Greece
* Poland
* Albania
* Czech Lands and Slovakia

Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churches de jure:

* America
* North Macedonia

Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches:

* Ukraine (OCU)

Spiritual independence recognized by Georgian Orthodox Church:

* Ukraine (UOC)

Autonomous jurisdictions

* Sinai (JP)
* Finland (EP)
* Estonia (EP)
* Japan (MP)
* China (MP)
* Americas (RP)
* Bessarabia (RP)
* Moldova (MP)

Semi-Autonomous:

* Crete (EP)
* Estonia (MP)
* ROCOR (MP)

Episcopal assemblies

* Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania
* Austria
* Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg
* Canada
* France
* Germany
* Great Britain and Ireland
* Italy and Malta
* Latin America
* Scandinavia
* Spain and Portugal
* Switzerland and Liechtenstein
* United States of America

Noncanonical jurisdictions

* Old Believers
* Spiritual Christianity
* True Orthodoxy
* Catacomb Church
* Old Calendarists
* American Orthodox Catholic Church
* American World Patriarchs

* National churches:

*     * Abkhazia
* Belarus
* Italy
* Latvia
* Montenegro
* Turkey
* UOC–KP

* Evangelical Orthodox

Ecumenical councils

* First Seven Ecumenical Councils:

* Nicaea I
* Constantinople I
* Ephesus
* Chalcedon
* Constantinople II
* Constantinople III
* Nicaea II

* Other possible ecumenical councils:

* Constantinople IV
* Constantinople V

* Other important councils:

* Quinisext Council
* Jassy
* Moscow
* Jerusalem
* Constantinople (1872)

History

* Church Fathers
* Pentarchy
* Byzantine Empire
* Christianization of Georgia
* Christianization of Bulgaria
* Christianization of Kievan Rus'
* Great Schism
* Russia
* Ottoman Empire
* North America
* Moscow–Constantinople schism
* 15th–16th c.
* 1996
* 2018

Theology

* History of Eastern Orthodox theology
* (20th century (Neo-Palamism))

* Apophaticism
* Chrismation
* Contemplative prayer
* Essence vs. Energies
* Hesychasm
* Holy Trinity
* Hypostatic union
* Icons
* Metousiosis
* Mystical theology
* Nicene Creed
* Nepsis
* Oikonomia vs Akribeia
* Ousia
* Palamism
* Philokalia
* Phronema
* Sin
* Theosis
* Theotokos

* Differences from the Catholic Church
* Opposition to the Filioque
* Opposition to papal supremacy

Liturgy and worship

* Divine Liturgy
* Divine Services

* Akathist
* Apolytikion
* Artos
* Ectenia
* Euchologion
* Holy Water
* Iconostasis
* Jesus Prayer
* Aprakos
* Kontakion
* Liturgical entrances
* Liturgical fans
* Lity
* Memorial service
* Memory Eternal
* Omophorion
* Eastern Orthodox bowing
* Eastern Orthodox marriage
* Praxis
* Paraklesis
* Paschal greeting
* Paschal Homily
* Paschal troparion
* Prayer rope
* Prosphora
* Russian bell ringing
* Semantron
* Sign of the cross
* Sticheron
* Troparion
* Vestments
* Use of incense

Liturgical calendar

* Paschal cycle
* 12 Great Feasts
* Other feasts:

* Feast of Orthodoxy
* Intercession of the Theotokos

* The four fasting periods:

* Nativity Fast
* Great Lent
* Apostles' Fast
* Dormition Fast

Major figures

Saints (Russian (until 15th century), Russian (post-15th century), Serbian, American)

* Justin Martyr
* Athanasius of Alexandria
* Ephraim the Syrian
* Basil of Caesarea
* Cyril of Jerusalem
* Gregory of Nazianzus
* Gregory of Nyssa
* John Chrysostom
* Cyril of Alexandria
* John Climacus
* Maximus the Confessor
* John of Damascus
* Theodore the Studite
* Kassia
* Cyril and Methodius
* Photius I of Constantinople
* Vladimir the Great
* Sava I of Serbia
* Gregory Palamas
* Innocent of Alaska

Other topics

* Architecture
* Folk
* Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs
* Cross
* Saint titles
* Statistics by country

* v
* t
* e

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Hierarchy of the
Catholic Church

Saint Peter

Ecclesiastical titles (order of precedence)

* Pope
* Pope emeritus
* Cardinal
* Cardinal Vicar
* Crown
* Prince
* Protector
* Moderator of the curia
* Chaplain of His Holiness
* Papal legate
* Papal majordomo
* Apostolic nuncio
* Apostolic delegate
* Apostolic Syndic
* Apostolic visitor
* Vicar apostolic
* Apostolic exarch
* Apostolic prefect
* Assistant to the papal throne
* Eparch
* Metropolitan
* Patriarch
* Catholicos
* Bishop
* Archbishop
* Bishop emeritus
* Diocesan bishop
* Major archbishop
* Primate
* Suffragan bishop
* Titular bishop
* Coadjutor bishop
* Auxiliary bishop
* Prelate
* Provost
* Pontiff
* Territorial prelate
* Territorial abbot

Liturgical titles

* Acolyte
* Consecrator
* Lector
* Subdeacon

Administrative and pastoral titles

* Auditor
* Brother
* Chancellor
* Chaplain
* Military chaplain
* Military ordinary
* Coarb
* Confessor
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* Deacon
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* Defender of the bond
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* Laity
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* Reverend
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* Vicar general
* Vicar forane
* Sub-dean

Consecrated and professed titles

* Abbess
* Abbot
* Consecrated virgin
* Corrector
* Custos
* Friar
* Dean
* Grand master
* Hermit
* Master of novices
* Monk
* Novice
* Nun
* Postulant
* Prior
* Provincial superior
* Rector
* Religious
* Superior general

Additional titles

* Almoner
* Altar server
* Archimandrite
* Archpriest
* Archdeacon
* Canon
* Captain General of the Church
* Chorbishop
* Coarb
* Commissary Apostolic
* Conclavist
* Custos
* Datarius
* Gonfalonier of the Church
* Honorary prelate
* Minor canon
* Notarius
* Ostiarius
* Peritus
* Postulator
* Prebendary
* Precentor
* Prince-bishop
* Prince-abbot
* Prince-primate
* Prince-provost
* Promotor Fidei
* Protopriest
* Protodeacon
* Protosyncellus
* Regionarius
* Sacristan
* Sidewalk counselor
* Usher

Associations and organization titles

* Third orders
* Oblates
* Confraternities
* Pious Unions
* Grand master
* Knights Hospitaller
* Order of the Holy Sepulchre
* Teutonic Knights
* Inquisitor
* Grand Inquisitor
* Preceptor

* Catholic Church portal

* v
* t
* e

The highest-ranking bishops in Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy, the Roman Catholic Church (above major archbishop and primate), the Hussite Church, Church of the East, and some Independent Catholic Churches are termed patriarchs (and in certain cases also popes – such as the pope of Rome or pope of Alexandria).

The word is derived from Greek πατριάρχης (patriarchēs),[1] meaning "chief or father of a family",[2] a compound of πατριά (patria),[3] meaning "family", and ἄρχειν (archein),[4] meaning "to rule".[2][5][6][7]

Originally, a patriarch was a man who exercised authority as a pater familias over an extended family.[8] The system of such rule of families by senior males is termed patriarchy. Historically, a patriarch has often been the logical choice to act as ethnarch of the community identified with his religious confession within a state or empire of a different creed (such as Christians within the Ottoman Empire). The term developed an ecclesiastical meaning within Christianity. The office and the ecclesiastical circumscription of a Christian patriarch is termed a patriarchate.

Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob are referred to as the three patriarchs of the people of Israel, and the period during which they lived is termed the Patriarchal Age. The word patriarch originally acquired its religious meaning in the Septuagint version of the Bible.[9]

## Catholic Church

[edit]

Catholic Patriarchal (non cardinal) coat of arms

### Patriarchs

[edit]

Map of Justinian's Pentarchy

In the Catholic Church, the bishop who is head of a particular autonomous church, known in canon law as a church sui iuris, is ordinarily a patriarch, though this responsibility can be entrusted to a major archbishop, metropolitan, or other prelate for a number of reasons.[10]

Since the Council of Nicaea, the bishop of Rome has been recognized as the first among patriarchs.[11] That council designated three bishops with this 'supra-Metropolitan' title: Rome, Alexandria, and Antioch. In the Pentarchy formulated by Justinian I (527–565), the emperor assigned as a patriarchate to the bishop of Rome the whole of Christianized Europe (including almost all of modern Greece), except for the region of Thrace, the areas near Constantinople, and along the coast of the Black Sea. He included in this patriarchate also the western part of North Africa. The jurisdictions of the other patriarchates extended over Roman Asia, and the rest of Africa. Justinian's system was given formal ecclesiastical recognition by the Quinisext Council of 692, which the see of Rome has, however, not recognized.

There were at the time bishops of other apostolic sees that operated with patriarchal authority beyond the borders of the Roman Empire, such as the catholicos of Selucia-Ctesephon.

Today, the patriarchal heads of Catholic autonomous churches are:[12]

* The Patriarch of Rome (Pope), as head of the Latin Church[13]
* The Coptic Catholic Patriarch of Alexandria (Pope) and head of the Coptic Catholic Church, recognised 1824
* The Maronite Catholic Patriarch of Antioch and All the East and head of the Maronite Church, recognised 685
* The Melkite Greek Catholic Patriarch of Antioch and All the East, of Alexandria and of Jerusalem, head of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church; in his case, Antioch is the actual and sole patriarchate, Alexandria and Jerusalem are just titular (once residential) patriarchates vested in his see.
* The Syriac Catholic Patriarch of Antioch and All the East and head of the Syriac Catholic Church
* The Chaldean Catholic Patriarch of Baghdad and head of the Chaldean Catholic Church, recognised 1553
* The Armenian Catholic Patriarch of Cilicia and head of the Armenian Catholic Church, recognised 1742

Four more of the Eastern Catholic Churches are headed by a prelate known as a "Major Archbishop,"[14] a title essentially equivalent to that of Patriarch and originally created by Pope Paul VI in 1963 for Josyf Slipyj.[15]

### Minor Latin patriarchates

[edit]

Minor patriarchs do not have jurisdiction over other metropolitan bishops. The title is granted purely as an honour for various historical reasons. They take precedence after the heads of autonomous churches in full communion, whether pope, patriarch, or major archbishop.

* The Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem, established 1099.
* The Patriarch of the East Indies, a titular patriarchal see, united to Goa and Daman, established 1886.
* The Patriarch of Lisbon, established 1716.
* The Patriarch of Venice, established 1451.

#### Historical Latin patriarchates

[edit]

* The Patriarch of Aquileia – with rival line of succession moved to Grado – dissolved in 1752.
* The Patriarch of Grado – in 1451 merged with the Bishopric of Castello and Venice to form the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Venice (later a residential Patriarchate itself).
* The Patriarch of the West Indies – a titular patriarchal see, vacant since 1963.
* The Latin Patriarch of Antioch – title abolished in 1964.
* The titular Latin Patriarch of Alexandria – title abolished in 1964.
* The Latin Patriarch of Constantinople – title abolished in 1964.
* The Latin Patriarchate of Ethiopia – 1555 to 1663, never effective, only held by Iberian Jesuits

#### Patriarch as title ad personam

[edit]

The pope can confer the rank of patriarch without any see, upon an individual archbishop, as happened on 24 February 1676 to Alessandro Crescenzi, of the Somascans, former Latin Titular Patriarch of Alexandria (19 January 1671 – retired 27 May 1675), who nevertheless resigned the title on 9 January 1682.

#### Patriarch of the West

[edit]

Main article: Patriarch of the West

One of the pope's traditional titles in some eras and contexts has been "Patriarch of the West" (Latin: Patriarcha Occidentis; Greek: Πατριάρχης τῆς Δύσεως), highlighting the role of the bishop of Rome as the highest authority of the Latin Church.

The title was not included in the 2006 Annuario Pontificio. On 22 March 2006, the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity offered an explanation for the decision to remove the title. It stated that the title "Patriarch of the West" had become "obsolete and practically unusable" when the term the West comprises Australia, New Zealand and North America in addition to Western Europe, and that it was "pointless to insist on maintaining it" given that, since the Second Vatican Council, the Latin Church, for which "the West" is an equivalent, has been organized as a number of episcopal conferences and their international groupings.[16] The title was reintroduced in the 2024 edition of Annuario Pontificio. No explanation was provided for its reintroduction.[17]

### Current and historical Catholic patriarchates

[edit]

Current and historical Catholic patriarchates  Type  | Church  | Patriarchate  | Patriarch

|
|
|

Patriarchs
of autonomous
particular churches  | Latin | Rome | Pope Leo XIV
Coptic | Alexandria | Ibrahim Isaac Sidrak
Syrian | Antioch | Ignatius Joseph III Younan
Maronite | Antioch | Bechara Boutros al-Rahi
Greek-Melkite | Antioch | Youssef Absi
Armenian | Cilicia | Raphaël Bedros XXI Minassian
Chaldean | Baghdad | Louis Raphaël I Sako
Titular
Latin Church
patriarchs  | Latin  | Aquileia | suppressed in 1751
Latin  | Grado | suppressed in 1451
Latin  | Jerusalem | Pierbattista Pizzaballa
Latin  | Lisbon | Rui Valério
Latin  | Venice | Francesco Moraglia
Latin  | Alexandria | suppressed in 1964
Latin  | Antioch | suppressed in 1964
Latin  | Constantinople | suppressed in 1964
Latin  | East Indies | Filipe Neri Ferrão
Latin  | West Indies | vacant since 1963

## Eastern Christianity

[edit]

### Eastern Orthodox

[edit]

Main article: Eastern Orthodox

* The five ancient Patriarchates, the Pentarchy, listed in order of preeminence ranked by the Quinisext Council in 692:

The five ancient Patriarchates, the Pentarchy Title  | Church  | Recognition / Additional notes

|
|

Patriarch of Rome | the Pope of Rome  | Originally "primus inter pares" according to Eastern Orthodoxy, recognized in 325 by First Council of Nicaea. Currently not an Episcopal or Patriarchal authority in the Eastern Orthodox Church, following the Great Schism in 1054.
Patriarch of Constantinople | the chief of the Orthodox Church of Constantinople | The "primus inter pares" of post-Schism Eastern Orthodoxy, recognized in 451 by Council of Chalcedon.[18]
Patriarch of Alexandria | the Pope of All Africa and the chief of the Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria | Recognized in 325 by First Council of Nicaea.
Patriarch of Antioch | the head of the Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch and All the East in the Near East  | Recognized in 325 by First Council of Nicaea.
Patriarch of Jerusalem | the chief of the Eastern Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem in Israel, Palestine, Jordan and All Arabia  | Recognized in 451 by Council of Chalcedon.

* The five junior Patriarchates created after the consolidation of the Pentarchy, in chronological order of their recognition as Patriarchates by the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople:

The five junior Patriarchates created after the consolidation of the Pentarchy  Title  | Church  | Recognition / Additional notes

|
|

Patriarch of All Bulgaria | the chief of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church in Bulgaria | Recognized as a Patriarchate in 918-919/927[19]
Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia | the chief of the Georgian Orthodox Church in Georgia | Recognized as a Catholicate (Patriarchate) in 1008[20]
Serbian Patriarch | the chief of the Serbian Orthodox Church in Serbia (and the former Yugoslavia)  | Recognized as a Patriarchate in 1375[21]
Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia | the chief of the Russian Orthodox Church in Russia | Recognized as a Patriarchate in 1593[22][23]
Patriarch of All Romania | the chief of the Romanian Orthodox Church in Romania | Recognized as a Patriarchate in 1925[24]

### Patriarchs outside the Eastern Orthodox Communion

[edit]

Patriarchs outside the Eastern Orthodox Communion  Title  | Church

|

Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia | The chief of the Russian Old-Orthodox Church.
The Patriarch of Kyiv and All Rus-Ukraine  | The chief of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church Canonical.
Patriarch of the Autocephalous Turkish Orthodox Patriarchate |

### Oriental Orthodox Churches

[edit]

Main article: Oriental Orthodoxy

Oriental Orthodox leaders  Church  | Title  | Authority  | Additional notes

|
|
|

Coptic Orthodox Church | Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of All Africa | The chief of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria in Egypt and All Africa
Ethiopian Orthodox Church | Archbishop of Axum and Patriarch Catholicos of All Ethiopia | Chief of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church in Ethiopia |
Eritrean Orthodox Church | Archbishop of Asmara and Patriarch of All Eritrea | Chief of the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church in Eritrea |
Syriac Orthodox Church | Patriarch of Antioch and All the East | Supreme Head of Universal Syriac Orthodox Church | Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch and all the east
Catholicos of India Maphrian of the East | The second highest ecclesiastical authority in the Syriac Orthodox Church. He is also the Malankara Metropolitan of Malankara Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church | The Regional head of the Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church
Indian Orthodox Church | Catholicos of the East.  | Holds the additional title of Malankara Metropolitan | The supreme leader of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church
Armenian Orthodox Church | Catholicos of Etchmiadzin, Armenia and of All Armenians | Supreme leader of the Armenian Apostolic Church  | Supreme Patriarch of the Armenian Apostolic Church
Catholicos of Cilicia | Chief of the Armenian Apostolic Church of the Great House of Cilicia | Chief of Diasporan Armenians of the Armenian Apostolic Church. Headquartered in Antelias, Lebanon
\
Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople | Chief of the Armenians in Turkey.  |
\
Armenian Patriarch of Jerusalem and of Holy Zion | Chief of Armenians in Jerusalem, Israel, Palestine, Jordan and the Persian Gulf  |

### Church of the East

[edit]

Main articles: Nestorianism, List of patriarchs of the Church of the East, and Catholicos of the East (disambiguation)

Catholicose of the East is the title that held by the ecclesiastical heads of the Church of the East, which is now divided into:

* Catholicos-Patriarch of the Assyrian Church of the East.
* Catholicos-Patriarchs of the Ancient Church of the East (since 1964)

## Other Christian denominations

[edit]

The title of "Patriarch" is assumed also by for leaders and church officers of certain Christian denominations, including some of the following:

Hussite

* The Patriarch of the Czechoslovak Hussite Church mainly in the Czech Republic and also some parts of Slovakia.[25]

Independent Catholic

* The Patriarch of the Catholic Apostolic Church of Antioch.[26]
* The Patriarch of the Apostolic Catholic Church in the Philippines.
* The Patriarch of the Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church in Brazil (Not officially used, but described in a similarly holy level).
* The Patriarch of the Venezuelan Catholic Apostolic Church in Venezuela.

Independent Eastern Catholic

* The Patriarch of the Ukrainian Orthodox Greek Catholic Church in Ukraine.

Independent Eastern Orthodox

* The Patriarch of the American Orthodox Catholic Church.

Independent Oriental Orthodox

* The Patriarch of the British Orthodox Church.

Protestant

* The Patriarch of the International Communion of the Charismatic Episcopal Church.

Latter Day Saint movement

Main article: Patriarch (Latter Day Saints)

In the Latter Day Saint movement, a patriarch is one who has been ordained to the office of patriarch in the Melchizedek priesthood. The term is considered synonymous with the term evangelist, a term favored by the Community of Christ. In the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, one of the patriarch's primary responsibilities is to give patriarchal blessings, as Jacob did to his twelve sons according to the Old Testament. Patriarchs are typically assigned in each stake and possess the title for life.

## Manichaeism

[edit]

The term patriarch has also been used for the leader of the extinct Manichaean religion, initially based at Ctesiphon (near modern-day Baghdad) and later at Samarkand.

## See also

[edit]

* Christianity portal

* List of current patriarchs
* Lists of Patriarchs
* Catholicos
* Patriarchate
* Patriarchy
* Matriarchy
* Lists of popes, patriarchs, primates, archbishops, and bishops
* Major archbishop
* List of metropolitans and patriarchs of Moscow
* Rishama in Mandaeism

## References

[edit]

1. ^ πατριάρχης, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
2. ^ a b Online Etymological Dictionary: "patriarch"
3. ^ πατριά, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
4. ^ ἄρχω, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
5. ^ Merriam-Webster: "patriarch"
6. ^ American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: "patriarch"
7. ^ Oxford Dictionaries: "patriarch"
8. ^ "The Roman Empire: in the First Century. The Roman Empire. Life In Roman Times. Family Life". PBS. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
9. ^ Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Patriarch" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
10. ^ Code of Canons of Eastern Churches. 1990. pp. 58–59.
11. ^ "DOCUMENTS FROM THE FIRST COUNCIL OF NICEA". History Sourcebooks Project. Fordham university. Retrieved 30 September 2017.
12. ^ "Patriarchs". GCCatholic.org. Retrieved 30 September 2017.
13. ^ Maloney, G.A. (2002). New Catholic Encyclopedia (Revised ed.). Gale. pp. 15 vols. ISBN 978-0787640040.
14. ^ Code of Canons of Eastern Churches. Catholic Church. 1990. pp. 151–154.
15. ^ "CCEO: text - IntraText CT". Intratext.com. 4 May 2007. Retrieved 28 February 2011.
16. ^ "Communiqué on title 'Patriarch of the West'". Zenit. 22 March 2006. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
17. ^ "Why is Pope Francis embracing the patriarchy (of the West)?". The Pillar. 10 April 2024. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
18. ^ "Правило 28 - IV Вселенский Собор – Халкидонский (451г.) - Церковное право". azbyka.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-10-02.
19. ^ Catholic Near East Welfare Association, a Papal agency for humanitarian and pastoral assistance Archived 2009-01-15 at the Wayback Machine (ID: 20).
20. ^ Catholic Near East Welfare Association, a Papal agency for humanitarian and pastoral support Archived 2009-01-15 at the Wayback Machine (ID: 21).
21. ^ Catholic Near East Welfare Association, a Papal agency for humanitarian and pastoral assistance Archived 2009-01-15 at the Wayback Machine (ID: 18).
22. ^ Catholic Near East Welfare Association, a Papal agency for humanitarian and pastoral assistance Archived 2009-01-15 at the Wayback Machine (ID: 17).
23. ^ "КОНСТАНТИНОПОЛЬСКИЙ СОБОР 1593 - Древо". drevo-info.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-10-02.
24. ^ Catholic Near East Welfare Association, a Papal agency for humanitarian and pastoral assistance Archived 2009-01-15 at the Wayback Machine (ID: 19).
25. ^ Hill, Don (7 November 2001). "Czech Republic: Hussite Church History Mirrors That Of Nation". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
26. ^ When a woman was elected head of this church, she was styled Matriarch. "The Catholic Apostolic Church of Antioch - Directory of Administration". Archived from the original on 2010-07-05. Retrieved 2010-03-18.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Nedungatt, George, ed. (2002). A Guide to the Eastern Code: A Commentary on the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches. Rome: Oriental Institute Press. ISBN 9788872103364.

## External links

[edit]

* Current and former patriarchates of the Catholic Church (GCatholic)
* Current titular patriarchal sees of the Catholic Church (GCatholic)
* Current patriarchates of the Catholic Church (GCatholic).
* WorldStatesmen - Religious Organisations
* "Patriarch" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.
* "Patriarchs" . Encyclopedia Americana. 1920.

* v
* t
* e

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* Eucharist
* Penance
* Anointing of the Sick
* Last rites
* Holy orders
* Matrimony

Mariology|

* Assumption
* History
* Immaculate Conception
* Mariology of the popes
* Mariology of the saints
* Mother of God
* Perpetual virginity
* Veneration
* See also:
* Josephology

Philosophy|

* Natural law
* Moral theology
* Personalism
* Social teaching
* Philosophers
* Philosophy of canon law
* See also:
* Science
* Evolution
* Separation of church and state
* Relations
* Politics

Saints|

* Holy Family
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* Martyrs
* Doctors of the Church
* Evangelists
* Confessors
* Disciples
* Virgins

Organisation
Hierarchy
Canon law
Laity
Precedence
By country|

| Holy See
(List of popes)|

* Pope Leo XIV
* Ecumenical councils
* College of Cardinals
* List
* Advisers
* Roman Curia
* Dicasteries
* Synod of Bishops
* Properties

|

Vatican City|

* Index
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* Apostolic Palace
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Polity (Holy orders)|

* Diocese
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* Bishop
* Patriarch
* Major
* Primate
* Metropolitan
* Archbishop
* Diocesan
* Coadjutor
* Auxiliary
* Titular
* Emeritus
* Parish
* Priest
* Deacon

Consecrated life|

* Religious:
* Superior
* Abbot, Abbess
* General
* Provincial
* Prior, Prioress
* Grand master
* Brother
* Friar
* Monk
* Sister
* Nun
* Hermit
* Novice
* Master
* Oblate
* Postulant

Particular churches
sui iuris|

* Latin Church
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* Albanian
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* Croatian and Serbian
* Eritrean
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Catholic liturgy|

* Eastern Catholic liturgy
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* Malankara
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Culture|

* Art
* Marian
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* Altarpieces
* Folk
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* Distinctions
* Role in civilisation
* See also:
* Criticism of the Catholic Church
* Anti-Catholicism

Media|

* Holy See Press Office
* Vatican Media
* Vatican News
* Vatican Television Center
* Vatican Radio
* Vatican Press [it]
* L'Osservatore Romano
* Acta Apostolicae Sedis
* Annuario Pontificio

Religious orders,
institutes, societies|

* Assumptionists
* Annonciades
* Augustinians
* Basilians
* Benedictines
* Bethlehemites
* Blue nuns
* Camaldoleses
* Camillians
* Carmelites
* Carthusians
* Cistercians
* Clarisses
* Conceptionists
* Crosiers
* Dominicans
* Franciscans
* Good Shepherd Sisters
* Hieronymites
* Jesuits
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* Minims
* Olivetans
* Oratorians
* Piarists
* Premonstratensians
* Redemptoristines
* Servites
* Theatines
* Trappists
* Trinitarians
* Visitandines

Associations
of the faithful|

* Confraternities
* Lay
* Marian
* Youth
* Workers
* Third orders
* Saint Dominic
* Lay Carmelites
* Discalced
* Saint Francis
* Secular
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* Focolare
* International Alliance of Catholic Knights
* Scouting
* Legion of Mary
* Neocatechumenal Way
* Opus Dei
* Schoenstatt

Charities|

* Aid to the Church in Need
* Caritas
* Catholic Charities USA
* Home Missions
* Relief Services
* CIDSE
* Pax Christi
* Society of Saint Vincent de Paul

* See also:
* Health care
* Schools
* Universities

* Catholic Church portal
* Category

* v
* t
* e

Patriarchates in Christianity

Traditional ecclesiastical jurisdictions of primates in Christianity, sorted according to earliest apostolic legacy and branched where multiple denominational claimants:
bold blue = Catholic Church, light blue = Eastern Orthodox Church (* unrecognized), bold/light green = Oriental Orthodoxy, italic blue = Nestorianism, bold italic blue = pre-schism

Early
Christianity
(Antiquity)
(30–325/476)|

| Pentarchy
(five
apostolic
sees)|

| Patriarch of Rome (1st cent.)|

* Holy See (since 1st cent.)

|

Patriarch of Constantinople
(451)|

* Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople (since 330)
* Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople (1204–1964)
* Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople (since 1461)
* Autocephalous Turkish Orthodox Patriarchate (since 1924*)

Patriarch of Antioch
(1st cent.)|

* Patriarchate of Antioch (1st cent.–518)
* Syriac Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch (since 518)
* Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch (since 519)
* Maronite Patriarchate (since 685)
* Latin Patriarchate of Antioch (1099–1964)
* Syriac Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch (since 1668)
* Melkite Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch (since 1724)

* Armenian Catholicosate of Cilicia (since 1058)
* Patriarchate of Cilicia (since 1740)

Patriarch of Alexandria
(1st cent.)|

* Patriarchate of Alexandria (1st cent.–451)
* Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria (since 451)
* Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria (since 451)
* Latin Patriarchate of Alexandria (1219–1964)
* Coptic Catholic Patriarchate of Alexandria (since 1824)

Patriarch of Jerusalem (451)|

* Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem (since 451)
* Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem (since 638)
* Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem (since 1099)

Other|

| Patriarch of Carthage (2nd cent.)|

* Patriarch of Carthage (2nd cent.–1076)

|

Patriarch of Seleucia-Ctesiphon
(280)|

* Patriarch of Seleucia-Ctesiphon (280–1552)
* Chaldean Catholic Patriarchate of Baghdad (since 1553)
* Patriarchs of the Church of the East (Eliya line) (1558–1830)
* Patriarchs of the Church of the East (Shimun line) (1692–1830)
* Assyrian Church of the East Patriarchate of Seleucia-Ctesiphon (since 1830)
* Ancient Church of the East Patriarchate of Seleucia-Ctesiphon (since 1968)

Patriarch of Armenia (301)|

* Catholicos of All Armenians (Patriarch of Etchmiadzin) (since 301)

* Armenian Catholicosate of Cilicia (since 1058)
* Patriarchate of Cilicia (since 1740)

Middle Ages
(476–1517)|

* Patriarchate of Aquileia (568–1751)
* Patriarchate of Grado (725–1451)
* Patriarchate of Bulgaria (919*/927–1018)
* Patriarchate of Georgia (1010–1811)
* Patriarchate of Cyprus (1185*–1191)
* Primate of Bulgaria (1204–1235)
* Tarnovo Patriarchate of Bulgaria (1235–1394)
* Serbian Orthodox Patriarchate of Peć (1346*/1375–1463)
* Patriarchate of Venice (since 1451)
* Catholicate of Abkhazia (15.*/16. century–1814)

Early Modern era
(1517–1789) |

* Patriarchate of the West Indies (since 1524)
* Latin Patriarchate of Ethiopia (1555–1663)
* Patriarchate of the East Indies (since 1572)
* Serbian Orthodox Patriarchate of Peć (1557–1766)
* Patriarchate of Moscow (since 1589)
* Patriarchate of Lisbon (since 1716)

Late Modern era
(since 1789)|

* Patriarchate of Karlovci (1848–1920)
* Patriarchate of Georgia (since 1917*/1990)
* Serbian Orthodox Patriarchate of Peć (since 1920)
* Patriarchate of Romania (since 1925)
* Patriarchate of Croatia (*1942–1945)
* Patriarchate of Bulgaria (since 1953)
* Ethiopian Orthodox Patriarchate of Ethiopia (since 1959)
* Patriarchate of Kyiv (1992*–2018; since 2019*)
* Eritrean Orthodox Patriarchate of Eritrea (since 1994)

Related|

* Apostolic Throne
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* v
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(Scriptures)|

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Foundations|

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History
(timeline)
(spread)|

| Early
Christianity|

* Jesus
* in Christianity
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|

Great Church|

* Ante-Nicene period
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Middle Ages|

* Monasticism
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Modern era|

* Auto-da-fé
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Denominations
(list, members)|

| Western|

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|

Eastern|

* Eastern Orthodox
* Church
* Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite)
* Church of the East (Nestorian)
* Eastern Catholic

Restorationist|

* Jehovah's Witnesses
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* Iglesia ni Cristo

Theology|

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|

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