Paul Martin (illustrator)

For other people named Paul Martin, see Paul Martin (Disambiguation)

American commercial artist and illustrator (1883–1932)

Paul Martin

photo taken between 1911 & 1913

Born| (1883-06-06)June 6, 1883

New York City, U.S.

Died| March 19, 1932(1932-03-19) (aged 48)

Ossining, New York, U.S.

Education| National Academy of Design
Occupations|

* Art Manager
* Illustrator

Spouse| Lauretta Willey (1880–1972)

Paul Martin (June 6, 1883 – March 19, 1932)[1] was an American commercial artist and illustrator. He designed the world's largest sign in 1917.[2] It towered over Times Square until 1924. He drew a poster supporting the ongoing war effort in 1918.[3] His artwork appeared on twenty covers of Collier's between 1923 and 1927. He won Parents' Magazine's "Cover of the Year" award for three straight years from 1928 to 1930.[4] He reshaped the then-famous mascot of Fisk Tires in 1930.[5] This new character appeared in thirteen issues of The Saturday Evening Post, 1930. Martin created the official poster for the Girl Scouts in 1931. It was displayed at their troop meetings from 1931 to 1937.[6]

He played in sanctioned tennis tournaments around the New York metropolitan area from 1909 to 1931.[7] This included the U.S. National Championships (now US Open) of 1920, 1921, and 1924.[a] The Paul Martin singles tournament was held for eighty-four years, between 1932 and 2019.[b] He played doubles with Franklin P. Adams, teamed with Vincent Richards, and collaborated on a book with Howard R. Garis.[8] His WWI poster has been displayed at the International Tennis Hall of Fame since 1965.[9][c]

## Background

[edit]

The golden age of illustration began in the 1880s.[10] Major advancements in printing techniques were then taking place. This included breakthroughs in the halftone process. It made the printing of images for commercial purposes more economical, feasible and realistic. The singular process of wood engraving (strenuous and time-consuming) was replaced with photo engraving (higher accu­ra­cy level).[11] Howard Pyle was an artist, writer, teacher and innovator. Pyle is often regarded as the "Father of American Illustration."[12] Its renowned luminaries included Charles Dana Gibson, J. C. Leyendecker, Maxfield Parrish, Norman Rockwell, and N. C. Wyeth. However, most illustrators received little recognition. Their artwork was perceived as commercially (not creatively) inspired.[13] This was in direct contrast to the fine artists. Nevertheless, these illustrators communicated and documented the people's aspirations, concerns, customs, humor, ideals, labor, morals and social interests.[14]

The magazine industry relied heavily on advertising revenue. It suffered from the popularity of radio and television (especially the latter). These far-reaching mediums were much more appealing to advertisers. The specialized magazines fared better.[15] They targeted specific (not diverse) audiences and suffered fewer losses in readership and revenue. Later came the Internet revolution, which forced numerous periodicals to shut down or go digital for survival.[16] Another point is that major advancements in photographic equipment and technology occurred during the 1930s. This resulted in the decades-long transition from illustrated to photographic covers.[14] But the innovative and captivating artistic version still lingered. Graphic design software eventually took over completely.

## Life

[edit]

He was born to Hannah A. (née Morrow) and Robert C. Martin (a brick merchant) in New York City on June 6, 1883.[17][18] He was the second youngest of nine children. Three of them did not reach adulthood.[19] The family home was located on 31st St. in Manhattan, between 8th and 9th Aves., throughout the 1880s.[20] The Martins moved northward to Central Harlem on Edgecombe Ave. in 1890.[21] Young Paul lost two sisters between 1891 & 1893.[22] The family relocated within Central Harlem to 129th St. and 5th Ave., 1898.[23][24] They belonged to the Twenty-fourth Street M. E. Church (until 1890)[25][26] and Calvary M. E. Church (until 1908).[27] His father was the superintendent of their Sunday schools.[28][29] Martin immensely enjoyed drawing as a boy.[30] His first regular job was as a brokerage clerk at age 16.[31] He studied commercial art at the National Academy of Design between 1902 and 1906.[32][d] His instructors included Charles Louis Hinton, Francis Coates Jones, George W. Maynard, and Edgar Melville Ward.[33][34] His first career job was with the New-York Tribune, 1905.[35] He suc­ceed­ed the Tribune's Stephen H. Horgan as art manager, 1906–12.[36][37][38][e] Martin continued to live at home during those years. The family moved from Upper Manhattan to rural Maplewood, New Jersey, 1908.[39][40][41] Their new church was located just two blocks away.[f] They lived near a train station, which allowed them to commute into Manhattan. He joined the local tennis club on Baker St., 1909. He started competing in sanctioned tournaments, Aug–Sep 1909. They were hosted by the Nyack (N.Y.) and then Morristown (N.J.) clubs.[42] His older brother Ralph also debuted at Nyack.[43] Ralph was related through marriage to Charles Yardley Turner.[44] Paul's doubles partner while living in Maplewood was a neighbor, Harry Balch, 1909–1912.[45][46]

Martin married Lauretta Willey (pronounced "will-ee") at the First M. E. Church on Washington St. in Hoboken, New Jersey, 1912.[47] The Rev. Henry J. Johnston officiated.[48] The couple first met years earlier at Calvary Methodist.[49][g] Lauretta's siblings were schoolteacher Emma and accountant Walter (who later owned the Willey Book Co.).[50] Their first home together was in the University Heights section of the Bronx, 1912.[51] They relocated one block east to another rental, 1915.[52][53] The Martins actively participated in tennis tournaments. They played with their local club and on the USLTA circuit.[h] He worked for the innovative O. J. Gude Company from 1912 to 19.[54][55] It was the industry leader in outdoor advertising.[56] His Gude office was first located at 935 Broadway, 1912–13[57] ... and then at 220 West 42nd (Candler Bldg. in Times Square), 1913–19. He worked for the advertising firm Gotham Studios from 1919 to 20.[58][59] Its headquarters moved from 1133 Broadway (St. James Bldg.) to East 24th St., near 4th (now Park) Ave., on January 1, 1920.[60] Martin went freelance and rented a small studio, Aug and Sep 1920.[61] It was located on East 27th St., between Lexington and 3rd Aves.[62] He could now work independently, with flexible hours, creative control, and (adversely) income uncertainty. He joined the Artists' Guild[30] in December 1920.[63]

Paul and Lauretta moved from the Bronx to a rural, forested area of Millwood, New York, August 1925.[64] Their first owned home doubled as a working studio (upper floor) from 1925 to 1932.[65][66] Its centerpiece was a long, flat table that held the canvases, drawing pads, paintbrushes and tubes. Also nearby were art books, easels, photo shoot props, and an adjacent darkroom. Natural northern light came in through the large side window.[67][i] He found artistic inspiration in the secluded and wooded surroundings. He occasionally used family members as models. Uncle Paul's niece Edna is writing down the license plate number of a boy's wagon,[65][68] on the Liberty cover of September 12, 1925. She's also highlighted on an American Junior Red Cross poster.[65][69] His mother-in-law is basting a turkey for Thanksgiving,[65] on the People's Home Journal cover of November 1928.[70] The Martins attended Highland (Ossining United) Methodist Church in downtown Ossining.[71]

He died at age 48 of a stomach ulcer. This was one week after an operation at Ossining Hospital in March 1932.[72] The service was held at Highland Methodist Church.[73] The survivors included three brothers and one sister.[74] His wife, Lauretta "Lolly" (1880–1972), lived another forty years.[75] He was known in tennis circles for his athletic ability, active participation, friendliness, and sportsmanship.[76][j] The Bronxville Press provided a retrospective in August 1932: "[H]is presence was always felt by topnotchers [and regulars]. Paul Martin was a synonym for all that was clean and wholesome in the game."[77]

## Collier's

[edit]

General-interest magazines flourished before the advent of television.[78] One of them was the historically significant Collier's, which had a revival under new editor William L. Chenery in 1925.[79][80] Martin drew twenty covers for the magazine between 1923 and 27. This included Christmas issues for 1924 and 26.[81] Some artists created a niche for themselves by focusing on drawing comical situations, domestic follies, political satire, pretty women, or simple pleasures.[82] He also made use of a recurring theme. It showed a youthful boy engaged in various lighthearted activities or situations. This included eighteen appearances on the covers of Collier's. Their descriptions follow:[83] bobbing for apples, loading up on desserts, shooting marbles, playing the flute,[84] decked out in a straw hat, shoveling snow, winding up a spinning top, carrying schoolbooks, eating holiday turkey, catching a baseball, playing football, going down a water slide,[85] sleigh riding, happily swimming, saying grace, getting hair shaved, working as a messenger, and daydreaming about fishing.[86] He rarely veered from that subject matter. The most striking departure was for a self-portrait. He portrayed himself as a well-dressed, vocal spectator at the horse races.[87]

Calling the play, Collier's, 1924-10-25

His drawing style was simple yet bold. It captured the brightness, carefreeness, and innocence of youth. There was a nostalgic quality to them. They resonated with the masses, who had just lived through a catastrophic world war and influenza pandemic. Martin excluded the nonessential details (extra people, scenery, structures, trees, etc.), which allowed viewers to make an instant connection. His paintings are often easy to recognize, as their theme and style stayed fairly consistent. They sometimes give the illusion of three-dimensional depth. This was achieved through the use of various techniques, such as color intensity variation, linear perspective, and overlapping. His cover art almost always had a holiday or seasonal theme or reflected the magazine's image.[k] This was common practice back then. It was only once connected to an inside article.[87]

Creative Process. Martin started by coming up with ideas and turning them into conceptual sketches. They were further developed into rough drafts and sent to art editors for publication consideration.[88] The ones approved came back with or without a modification request. (The rejects were sometimes submitted elsewhere.) He then hired boys for photo sessions, most of whom lived locally.[65] The film was developed into prints in a darkroom. He drew the preliminary[89] and final versions, using several of these prints as guidelines.[90][91] This gave him more options and flexibility compared to using real-life models. It was also a more practical process, given children's natural tendency to be active and impatient. He interacted with them from behind the camera in order to get the right facial expression. His wife helped out by preparing the models for their scene.[l] Collier's advertising and circulation revenues steadily declined after World War II. The main culprit was the rapid growth of television. Collier's was forced to cease publication in December 1956.[79] Its top competitors (Life, Look, and Post) were able to hold out longer.

## Commercial artist

[edit]

H-O Oats, outdoor advertising sign, 1931 Gerlach Barklow print, "Singin' in the Rain," 1931 Three photos of a model posing and the final product, 1932

Martin designed "Wrigley Gum's" light bulb spectacular, which showcased six acrobatic "spearmen" on a Broadway billboard in 1917.[36] It was the world's largest display panel, at 200 feet by 50 feet.[92] It covered an entire city block in Times Square, between 43rd and 44th Sts.[93][94][95][96] This panoramic light show was a major tourist attraction for seven years.[97][98] The Wrigley name was synonymous with big-time advertising.[99] He created a poster for the war effort titled "Serve Your Country" (double meaning), which depicted a fashionable young woman serving in tennis.[100] It was for the War Camp Community Service in 1918. Women were encouraged to entertain off-duty soldiers by joining them in various activities (dancing, dining, sightseeing, socializing, theater, etc.).[101] This poster was silkscreened and has been displayed at the International Tennis Hall of Fame since 1965.[9]

He drew five different scenes of snow activities for the New York, Ontario and Western Railway (a passenger & freight carrier) in 1921–22.[102] They described the Catskill Mountains in Sullivan County, as a lively and refreshing vacation spot. He designed greeting cards for William Edwin Rudge, Inc. in 1921.[103] Martin drew a cheerful boy eating Heinz Baked Beans in 1927.[104] He also created two posters for the American Junior Red Cross, 1929–30. The first was titled "The Flag of Service the World Around." It featured children in festive costumes behind a globe, with one holding up a large Red Cross flag.[105] The second was titled "Juniors Helping Everywhere." It showed twenty miniature scenes of children worldwide in various supportive roles.[69] Martin designed three billboards for the Hecker H-O (Hornby's Oatmeal) Company of Buffalo, New York, 1931.[106] One showed a confident young football player being patched up, who had oats for breakfast.[107][108][m] The other two emphasized the cereal's healthiness[109][110][n] and deliciousness.[111] These large ads (25 feet by 12 feet) appeared on poster panels, which attracted the attention of passing motorists and pedestrians.[110] They also had short runs in food markets—on their walls, windows, or hanging from suspended wires.[o]

Martin painted three advertisements for General Electric's distinctive, all-steel "Monitor Top" refrigerator in 1930. The first and most elaborate featured two boys running a lemonade stand. Their mother looked on with approval through the open kitchen window.[112] It appeared simultaneously as a full-page ad in over ten magazines.[113] The following review was made by W. Livingston Larned in Printers' Ink, 1930: " 'Electric Lemonaide, 5 cents per glass,' reads the sign of the youthful shopkeepers. ... [They] are soliciting trade in a strenuous manner, as a friendly dog enters into the spirit of the event with challenging barks. ... [I]t is a picture filled with action and story-telling strength. But because the advertised product has been worked in so adroitly, the illustration seems doubly effective and relevant."[114] His other "Monitor Top" credits were of a girl playing with building blocks,[115] and two dressed-up girls listening to an enthusiastic sales boy.[116][90] It was regarded as the first reliable and affordable model for residential use, though at a hefty price.

He painted a contest-winning poster for the Girl Scouts in 1931. It was titled "Usefulness • Beauty • Health • Truth • Knowledge."[117][118][30] The contest was conducted by the Art Alliance of America.[119] This organization brought together craftworkers and advertisers. There were two hundred-plus submissions.[120] The judging panel consisted of W. T. Benda (who replaced Charles Dana Gibson),[121] Ray Greenleaf, Rockwell Kent, John La Gatta, Neysa McMein and Edward A. Wilson.[122] Martin's model for the poster was Barbara Smith, a 14-year-old from Darien, Connecticut[122] (previously, Yonkers, N.Y.).[123] Her parents and Martin were lifelong friends. He served as best man at their wedding back in 1904.[124] The Girl Scouts' National Director, Josephine Schain, presented the three winners with checks for $100, $200, and $300, respectively.[122][125][126] These ceremonial exchanges took place at the Scouts' national headquarters, at 670 Lexington Avenue in Manhattan.[127] The three award recipients then posed together behind their entries.[128] National President Birdsall Otis Edey was one of three consultants, along with executives Anne Hyde Choate and Genevieve Garvan Brady.[121] His poster effectively and faithfully captured the character-building movement.[122] It was displayed on the bedroom walls of troop members and at their meetings (on bulletin boards, stands, or windows) from 1931 to 1937.[118][129][130] It also appeared on the covers of Girl Scout Equipment for Fall 1932 and Spring 1933. They all showed a modified version with three raised fingers instead of a salute.[131] Martin said at the award ceremony, "Barbara seems [to be] the personification of all that Girl Scouting means. She is the very spirit of radiant, happy, and wholesome young girlhood, and my mind naturally turned to her immediately when I learned of the competition."[132]

His drawings were also used to promote businesses on Gerlach Barklow's calendars, ink blotter cards, and prints. One of them was titled "Singin' in the Rain," 1931. It showed a boy sitting and holding an umbrella amid five puppies.[133] Another drawing depicted a boy reading about scientific theories with some difficulty.[134] His work appeared in many different types of print media.[p] Martin's paintings often included a cute and friendly pup. He created covers for four different trade publications between 1920 & 1931\. They were Advertising & Selling,[135][36] Good Hardware,[136] Progressive Grocer ("voice of the retail food industry"),[137] and Silent Hostess (for homemakers).[138] Martin drew Progressive Grocer's first Thanksgiving cover.[139] Coincidentally, the H-O model[107] later became one of its associate editors, 1956–61.[q][140]

He was mentioned in a magazine for war veterans. As follows: "The cover design on this issue of Foreign Service[91] is a two-color reproduction of the official 1932 Buddy Poppy poster."[141] [It was so named because former soldiers used that word when remembering their companions killed in WWI.][142] "The original was painted in oil by the late Paul Martin, noted New York poster artist who died suddenly on March 19th, following a serious operation. The poster has been pronounced as one of the most striking and appropriate designs ever used ... to depict the symbolism of the Buddy Poppy." [Namely, a red artificial flower worn in honor of the fallen Allied soldiers.] "It was completed shortly before the artist's death and is believed to have been his last important assignment [vague].[r][143][144] Those familiar with Paul Martin's career as an artist, declare the 1932 Buddy Poppy poster to be one of his best creations."[145][146] It was pictured in newspapers nationally from 1932 to 33.[141]

## Fisk tire boy

[edit]

Martin's most notable artwork, artist signed, 1930 Jigsaw Puzzle, Design No. 1, artist signed, 1933 Envelope postmarked 1932. Artist signed.

The Fisk Rubber Company was making tires for automobiles, bicycles, and carriages by 1901.[147] Its factory was located along the riverfront in Chicopee Falls, Mass. The plant pumped out some 230,000 tires in August 1921.[148] Fisk struggled financially before and during the Great Depression.[149] It was acquired by U.S. Rubber (makers of the U.S. Royal brand) in 1940.[150] Its worldwide subsidiaries (under various names) received the unifying name of Uniroyal (1966).[151] This mega-company merged with another to form Uniroyal Goodrich (1986). Its tire division was sold to Michelin (1990).[152] Affiliated dealers of Fisk tires included Kmart (1962–78)[153] and Discount Tire (1996–2014).[154] Dormant years: 1981–95.[155]

Martin completely reshaped a once-famous and whimsical character in American advertising. It was the Fisk Rubber Company's "bedtime boy," who shouldered an oversized tire while dangling a lighted candle.[156][157] It came with the motoring message, "Time to Re-tire" (debut 1910).[158][159][160] This catchphrase had a simple double meaning. The lad's original prodigious yawn changed to a smile in early 1929.[161] Martin was then commissioned to come up with a slightly more aged, modern-day figure in late 1929.[162][163] The objective was to update the heavily publicized trademark, while still maintaining its charm and familiarity. Transition Process: 1. The boy's one-piece sleeper became a two-piece pajama set. 2. Added for extra style were the zip-up slippers. 3. His four-year-old nephew served as the model (neck down only).[65][68] 4\. The stance and all-important props remained basically intact, but with the latest tire design and a more fashionable, less-tilted candleholder. Many newspapers ran a story that complimented the new look, May–June 1930.[164] The youngster was described as more boyish, energetic, fit, and modern ("in keeping with the times"). The publicity manager at Fisk provided a review in March 1930. As follows:

"a happy, smiling, 100 percent American boy in his little two-piece pajama[s], radiating good cheer, ruddy-cheeked and tousle-headed, snappy and wide awake, standing in the old-time pose."[165][166]

This updated version was used to promote the newly introduced "Air-Flight" tires. This character appeared in thirteen issues of The Saturday Evening Post, between Feb 8 and Aug 23 of 1930.[167][168] It was offered to the public as a colorful art print that could be framed.[169] The cheerful mascot showed up in many different formats. These were either with or without a facial touch-up. (Three signed variants are pictured.)[s] It was featured on the front cover and endpapers of fairy tale or folktale books for children in 1931. Titles follow (8 total): Candy Land, Jack and the Bean Stalk, Little Black Sambo, Peter Rabbit, Pied Piper, Three Bears, Three Little Kittens, and Three Little Pigs.[170] They were generically subtitled Time to Re-tire: A Bedtime Story. The mascot also appeared on ashtrays,[171] bridge score pads,[172] cigarette cases,[t] electrical clocks,[173] jigsaw puzzles,[174] matchbooks,[175] posters[176] and rubber heel replacements for shoes.[177] These were complimentary items for existing or potential customers (excluding the clocks).[178][179]

Fisk retailers used Martin's lively figure on their data books,[180] display windows,[u] letterheads, and mailing envelopes.[v] It showed up in miniature form in The American Boy, Boys' Life, and other magazines[181] (along with hundreds of newspapers)[182] from 1930 to 34. However, advertisements by Fisk and its dealers were fairly rare from 1931 to 1936. Most of the dealers (two-thirds!) failed to meet the new financial requirements and thereby lost their franchise in November 1930.[183] This drastic corporate downsizing was done to cut operating costs. It followed three consecutive years of declining sales and mounting debts.[149] The Great Depression had devastated the entire rubber industry through fierce price wars. This downward spiral was already taking place due to competition from mail-order houses.[184] Martin's figure was never firmly established with a strong promotion campaign. It would have involved significant (yet necessary) expenditures.[185] Fisk defaulted on interest payments to bondholders and entered receivership in January 1931.[186] The restructuring process ended with the naming of a new management team, May 1933. They decided to go back to the original character based on public sentiment in late 1934.[187] This was an unusual regression. Other companies had successfully modernized their own mascots (some even multiple times).[185]

Timetable.[165][166] The pajama-clad boy went through three distinct stages, as seen in print. As follows: 1. 1910–28, 35–.[158][159][160][153][w] The original. It was created by Burr Giffen. 2. 1929–30. Yawn turned into a smile. Uncredited. 3. 1930–34. Modernized. It was updated by Paul Martin.[163] His credits exclusively included the two-piece pajamas. It was publicly introduced in the Saturday Evening Post issue of February 8, 1930. Incidental note: Norman Rockwell drew paintings of the trade character, which were published in 1917–20 & 23–25.[188] Overall notes: Minor touch-ups were made in various years. Occasionally, the old character lingered on after a changeover.[189]

He built up a reputation for drawing boys. It earned him the coveted commission.[190] A common practice among artists back then was to create their own niche.[82] The subjects of boys, dogs and pretty women were popular themes.[191]

## Magazine cover illustrator

[edit]

Artist signed. However, four are imprinted with the words "Cover by Paul Martin." His signature remained fairly consistent—with a curved P & M, slanted t crossbar, and underline mark. Also, the first name was written above the last name.

Runner slides home, PHJ, 1928 "Business Men's Lunch": cream pie, chocolate cake, rice pudding and an ice cream sundae. Collier's, 1924-02-02

His artwork on Foreign Service's cover was initially sold to Parents in 1930. However, it went unused. Hence, it was sold by Parents to American Lithographic to Foreign Service.[192] Martin's artwork for Die Hausfrau had previously appeared on Gerlach Barklow products. Farm & Fireside became Country Home in early January 1930.

Parents' 25th anniversary issue came out in October 1951. Its silver jubilee cover featured miniature versions of 25 previous covers (one for each year from 1926 to 1950). This composite included three of Martin's. Their dates of issue were Oct 1928, Aug 1929 and Oct 1930. He therefore, in a way, won Parents' prestigious "Cover of the Year" award for 1928, 29 & 30\. The first issue with that long-standing abbreviated title was August 1929.[193]

The following list contains thirty-seven known credits, including three from September 1925. These are all consumer (not trade) magazines. The latter are mentioned above under "Commercial artist."

* The American Girl (1917–1979): Oct 1931[194]
* Collier's (1888–Jan. 1957): 1923-05-26,[195] 1924-02-02, 1924-06-28,[84] 1924-10-25, 1924-11-22, 1924-12-27, 1925-05-02, 1925-05-30, 1925-06-27,[87] 1925-07-04, 1925-07-25, 1925-09-19,[86] 1925-10-31,[196] 1926-01-16, 1926-02-13, 1926-05-22, 1926-12-25, 1927-02-26,[x] 1927-08-13, and 1927-08-27[85]
* Everybody's (1899–1929): Sep 1925[197]
* Farm & Fireside / Country Home (1877–1939): Nov 1923, Aug 1930
* The Farmer's Wife (1897–1939): Jan 1931[y]
* Foreign Service (1914–present): May 1932[198]
* Die Hausfrau (1904–present): Apr 1936[199]
* Liberty (1924–1950): Sep 12, 1925[200][89]
* Parents (Oct 1926–2022): Oct 1928,[201] Feb 1929, May 1929, Aug 1929,[202] Oct 1929,[203] Feb 1930, Oct 1930[204]
* People's Home Journal (1885–1929): May 1928, Nov 1928[70]

## Book illustrator

[edit]

His contributions to short stories include the following: • "Short Turns and Encores" by Dorothy Parker and others, Saturday Evening Post, July 29, 1922 p. 16.[205] • "The Blanket" by Floyd Dell, Collier's, October 16, 1926 p. 18.[206] • "The Unfairway" by Burford Lorimer (son of George Horace Lorimer), Collier's, December 25, 1926 pp. 22–23.[207] • "Tragedy" by Eve Bernstein, Scribner's Magazine, April 1928 p. 479.[208] • "On the Dark Trail" by Franklin Holt (real name Russell M. Coryell), Scribner's Magazine, July 1928 p. 71.[209]

The first six listed below are fictional or semi-fictional books for children. It includes a collaboration with Howard R. Garis. This genre often required a more animated, imaginative, and whimsical drawing style (yet still in sync with the story).

The Baseball Detective, 1928

* Philus, the Stable Boy of Bethlehem, Edmund J. Cleveland, with a foreword by the Rt. Rev. Charles L. Slattery, Sep 1927 (credits: dust jacket, frontispiece, facing pp. 52, 66, 124).[210] It contains eleven short stories covering the church year. In the opener, a stable boy is present at the Nativity. These stories are pseudo-narratives with a moral message.
* Puck Chasers, Incorporated, Charles G. Muller, Sep 1927 (credits: dust jacket, frontispiece, facing pp. 89, 164).[211] Students popularize a sport by overcoming obstacles. It takes place at the Fisk School for Boys in East Grand Rapids, Michigan. This is one of the earliest books about ice hockey. Its predecessors largely focused on a variety of winter sports rather than just one.
* Araminta, Helen Cady Forbes, Nov 1927 (credits: dj, fp, facing pp. 134, 212).[212] Araminta turns eleven years old and finds a baby, who turns out to have been kidnapped.
* The Prince and the Pig's Gate, Robert Hugh Morris, May 1928 (credits: dj, fp, facing pp. 48, 134, 166).[213] Intro: "Unsophisticated tales for children of all ages—up to 99."
* The Baseball Detective, Charles G. Muller, Aug 1928 (credits: dj, fp, facing pp. 22, 132, 250).[214] There is baseball, competition, friendship, and mystery at the Fisk School for Boys.
* Chad of Knob Hill, Howard R. Garis, Sep 1929 (credits: dj, fp, pp. 14, 60, 85, 97, 163, 187, 213, 281).[215] This book is about a branch of the Boy Scouts of America. A marching troop crosses the path of an overworked farmhand, who promptly decides to take their oath. Garis created stories about Uncle Wiggily, a gentlemanly rabbit afflicted with rheumatism.
* Stories of To-day and Yesterday, Frederick Houk Law, editor, Feb 1930 (frontispiece).[z] It's an instructional guide for older students on how to read, write, and appreciate short stories.
* The Bookshelf for Boys and Girls, Clara Whitehill Hunt, lead editor, fall 1930 and fall 1931 (dust jackets, both sides).[216] The best books for children are selected. Authoritative guide. Catalog format.

## Tennis

[edit]

Paul Martin Memorial Trophy: He won the cup in Essex County, N.J.

Martin debuted on the USLTA circuit in 1909.[42] He was nationally ranked for the first time in 1918 (at No. 91).[217] He was ranked among the top thirty tennis players in the New York metropolitan area, 1920–25, 28. (Twice top twenty, 1923–24.)[218][219] Metro players were not officially ranked until 1920.[220] He was known for making accurate shots.[221] Martin won numerous trophies (or awards) in singles, doubles, and mixed doubles (with Lauretta) between 1919 & 1931.[222][aa][223] He was the first singles champion of the Sunningdale Country Club, 1920.[224][225] Martin won the Lake George[226] and Lake Mohonk[227] singles championships of 1924. His opponents included future Hall of Famers Fred Alexander,[228] Jean Borotra,[229] Francis Hunter,[230] Gerald Patterson,[231] Vincent Richards,[232][ab] Bill Tilden,[233] John Van Ryn,[234] & Marie Wagner.[235][ac] Martin was a doubles partner and longtime clubmate of newspaper columnist Franklin P. Adams, who wrote "Baseball's Sad Lexicon."[236][ad] He was teammates with 14-year-old Vincent Richards, the reigning national boy champion.[237]

Martin and Bill Tilden competed together in over fifteen tournaments.[238] This included the U.S. National Championships of 1920, 21 & 24.[239] The latter was played at Forest Hills Stadium (opened in 1923) and on its outlying courts, Aug 25–Sep 2, 1924. His first-round opponent was former co-World No. 1, Gerald Patterson of Australia. 41-year-old Martin won a set, but lost the match 4–6, 4–6, 9–7, 0–6.[231][240] There was a two-day rain delay after the third set.[241] He competed in four consecutive National Veterans' Championships (for ages 45+) at Forest Hills from 1928 to 31.[242]

He was a standout singles and doubles player for two tennis clubs: University Heights (Bronx, N.Y.)[243] and County (Hartsdale, N.Y.).[244] Martin was caught up in the fallout of a USLTA ruling, 1924. It prohibited players from writing for profit after a certain date. The distinction between amateurism and professionalism was hotly contested and debated from Feb to Dec 1924.[245][ae] Martin came out "in favor of a reconsideration of the matter."[246] He often acted as the women's referee.[247] He organized youth tournaments while serving on the Briarcliff Lodge Sports Club committee.[248][af]

The Westchester County Tennis League began play with six teams in 1926.[249] It held the annual Paul Martin singles tournament for eighty-four years, between 1932 and 2019.[ag][250][251] This event was initiated by player and executive Fenimore Cady, June 1932.[252] The winners had their names engraved on the base of a cup.[253][254][ah] It was donated by Lauretta in 1934.[255] She and Paul both played at the Nationals (US Open) in the same year.[256][ai] They regularly teamed up in mixed doubles.[257][258][259] His wartime painting was once displayed in the main gallery of the International Tennis Hall of Fame.[aj] Its gift shop offered a coffee mug[ak] and postcard version.

The following list only includes open or invitational tournaments. They were all sanctioned by the United States Lawn Tennis Association (one exception: next ref.). Their results largely determined the player rankings and who qualified for the Nationals. These are semi-majors, categorized by the event's host.[260] Total finals: 30. A breakdown follows.

(Serving in style.) It's a postcard version of the silk­screen print, 1918. "Keeping fit to do our bit." Poster in card form, signed and dated

> US Open singles
> 1920 (1R)
> 1921 (2R)
> 1924 (2R)

### Wins (11)

[edit]

#### Singles

[edit]

* 1920: Sunningdale CC (Scarsdale, N.Y.)[261][225]
* 1924: Lake George Tennis Club (Warren County)[262]
* 1924: Lake Mohonk TC (Ulster County)[263]

#### Consolation Singles

[edit]

* 1915: Merriewold TC (Sullivan County)[264][al][am]

#### Doubles

[edit]

* 1922: New York Athletic Club[265]
* 1924: Lake George
* 1924: Lake Mohonk
* 1925: Lake George
* 1925: West Side TC (for veterans over age 39)[266]
* 1931: Lake George

#### Mixed Doubles

[edit]

* 1920: New York TC (with Lauretta; for married couples)[267][an]

### Runners-up (19)

[edit]

#### Singles

[edit]

* 1919: Woodmere Club (L.I., N.Y.)[268]
* 1922: Essex County (N.J.) CC[269] & Powelton Club (Newburgh, N.Y.)[270]
* 1923: Amackassin Club (Yonkers)[271] & Harlem (Manhattan) TC[272][ao]
* 1924: Oritani Field Club (Hackensack, N.J.)[273] & Stamford Yacht Club[274]
* 1925: Lake George and Lake Mohonk
* 1930: Lake George

#### Doubles

[edit]

* 1921: Greenwich (Conn.) CC[275] & Milford (Pa.) Field Club
* 1925: Lake Mohonk
* 1926: South Yonkers TC[276][277]
* 1930: Lake George
* 1931: Lake Mohonk[263]

#### Mixed Doubles

[edit]

* 1921: Milford (Pa.)[278][ap]
* 1925: Lake George (with Lauretta)
* 1930: Lake George (with Lauretta)[262]

|

These are the known finals. Results in mixed doubles were often not recorded. Martin also won many other tournaments, which were open only to members of the County Tennis Club in Hartsdale.[279] The Martins sometimes played on the circuit during road trips.[280]

### Grand Slams (majors)

[edit]

Main article: Grand Slam (tennis)

This list is based solely on appearances. He lasted until the specified number of rounds. National singles (3): 1920-1R. 1921-2R. 1924-2R.[239] [Lauretta 1921-1R].[256] National Veterans' singles—for ages 45+ (4): 1928-4R. 1929-4R. 1930-3R. 1931-3R.[242] Interest in the event later declined. It was renamed the US Open Seniors in 1968.

### University Heights Tennis Club

[edit]

Martin was a longtime committee and playing member of the University Heights TC and lived in the immediate area. He competed in its annual North Side tournaments from 1913 to 1929 (except for 1914, 26). These open events attracted a large number of entries. Martin reached the semifinals in 1913, 24 & 28.[281] Singles (13): 1915-5R. 1916-3R. 1917-2R. 1918-4R. 1919-5R. 1920-3R. 1922-3R. 1923-4R. 1924-SF/6R. 1925-3R. 1927-3R. 1928-SF/6R. 1929-2R.[282] Doubles (6): 1913-SF/4R. 1915-3R. 1916-3R. 1919-1R. 1920-3R. 1921-1R.[283] 1922-disc.[284] Mixed doubles: 1923-1R. 1924-2R.[285]

### Memberships

[edit]

These spans were compiled from periodical and newspaper accounts. Maplewood (N.J.) FC, 1909–12.[45] University Heights (Bronx) TC, 1913–26.[286][aq] County (Hartsdale) TC, 1926–32.[287] Martin played on the circuit for 23 consecutive years, 1909–31.[7][ar] His wife was active on the circuit between 1914 and 1931.[288] His older brother Ralph participated in tournaments in 1909, 11, 21–22. The brothers were doubles partners, 1911.[44]

### Featured Match

[edit]

It took place in the Eastern New York State championships of 1925. A firsthand account by New York Times sportswriter Allison Danzig follows. Excerpts:

> [Bill] Tilden and Strachan advanced from the semi-finals of the doubles, by putting out Alfred D. Hammett and Paul Martin at 6–4, 5–7, 6–1, 6–3. ... It required some of the best tennis that Tilden has played here all week, before the Philadelphians were able to overcome the New York pair. Hammett and Martin were always contenders, except in the third set when they slumped badly, and in order to hold them off, Tilden constantly found it necessary to invade his partner's territory and play the opposing pair single-handed[ly]. ... There was nothing to choose between the two teams in the first and second sets. In the third set, Hammett and Martin went to pieces as Tilden became rampant and raked their court with placement drives and volleys. After the Philadelphians had gained a commanding lead, the New York pair allowed th[is] set to go without making much effort, preferring to save their strength for the next chapter. But after the rest period, Tilden returned to the courts to play perhaps his best tennis of the match. Both Martin and Hammett fought with everything they had, and their team work was splendidly coordinated, but [it] all counted for nought against the individual brilliance of Tilden [ranked World No. 1].[233][as]

## Gallery of poses

[edit]

* (Second from right.) Doubles finalists at South Yonkers, with the tournament chairman in the middle. 1926

* He's receiving a winner's check from Schain in 1931. The to-be poster (insert) was in vogue until 1937.

* Same picture, but the painting was artistically inserted atop a bookshelf.

* (7th from the top left.) A tournament is going on at Lake Mohonk. He went on to win singles and doubles. Lauretta is seated second from the lower left. 1924

* Set to serve. Playing tennis while on vacation

## References and notes

[edit]

### Notes

[edit]

1. ^ He was then 37, 38, and 41 years old. Tennis Observed, Bill Talbert, 1967 pp. 98–99, 102. Locations (men's singles): Forest Hills, 1920 & 24; Germantown Cricket Club, Philadelphia, 1921.
2. ^ The Westchester County Tennis League hosted the event every year from 1932 to 2019 (except for 1942–45). It was the longest-running tennis event, named after a person (French Open excluded). The doubles version was held from 1932 to 1981 (except for 1942–45). More details are accessible at Fultonhistory.com. Enter "Paul Martin Memorial."
3. ^ New York Tribune, Sep 9, 1919 p. 15; Jun 2, 1920 p. 13; Jun 16, 1920 p. 13; Jul 26, 1921 p. 12; May 23, 1922 p. 13. Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Sep 24, 1930 p. 25. Both Mrs. Martin & Holden played in these events.
4. ^ The school was located at West 109th St. & Amsterdam Ave. in NYC. He continued to live at W. 129th St.
5. ^ Advertising as a Vocation, Allen, 1919 pp. 98–99. Titled "The Art Manager."
6. ^ They lived on Ridgewood Terrace. Maplewood Methodist (now Morrow Memorial UMC) was on Ridgewood Road. Madison (N.J.) Eagle, Aug 20, 1915 p. 1. Its pastor was Wallace B. Fleming, 1904–11. The Martins' membership was verified with a church official via email in 2020.
7. ^ Lauretta's parents were Mary Immler (1854–1937) and Jacob Willey (1849–1939). The Daily Argus (Mt. Vernon, N.Y.), Aug 2, 1937 p. 2. Mary's obit: "[She] lived in Mt. Vernon [for] 25 years. She was a member of the Chester Hill M. E. Church." The New York Times, Jul 27, 1939 p. 19. Jacob's obit described him as a "real estate operator and produce dealer."
8. ^ They belonged to the University Heights (Bronx) and then County (Hartsdale, N.Y.) TCs. Their game highlights are under the heading "Tennis."
9. ^ Hard Row to Hoe, Armstrong, Fall 2005 pp. 2–3. PM's niece Adele wrote a typed essay about the darkroom, drawing board, materials and accessories. It was the article's main source. However, these specific details did not make it into print. The props included caps, jackets, jerseys, neckties, pajamas, shirts, sports equipment and sweaters. They sometimes appeared in multiple illustrations. Example: This article displays the same helmet twice.
10. ^ Bronxville Press, Aug 16, 1932 p. 4. He was a tennis enthusiast. It kept him from becoming overwhelmed with work and from reaching higher artistic heights.
11. ^ Collier's tended to prefer cover art that conveyed plain & simple thoughts. Also, non-detailed. The opposites were true with The Saturday Evening Post.
12. ^ Locales: Manhattan studio, 1920–25; Millwood home, 1925–32. American Art Annual, 1922 p. 498. Studio address. HathiTrust.
13. ^ He's wearing a leather helmet while playing football. She's applying a bandage and telling him to be more careful. The girl in real life was the boy's aunt Helen (an older teenager). They posed for two H-O paintings during the same photo shoot. The other was titled, "You can't call me Skinny now!" Her modeling career started and ended on the same day.
14. ^ Advertising Outdoors, McCandlish, Dec 1931 pp. 39–40. The original was blown up in size through the use of a projector. It was hand-copied by artists onto 44" x 60" sheets. But the process could also be done photographically, which eliminated the tedious copying. These sheets were then transferred to zinc plates. They were further developed and colored. A near-exact replica went into production.
15. ^ Printers' Ink, Jan 8, 1920 p. 190 (ad). The display periods were brief since company salesmen continually pushed for their products to be highlighted. This approach existed before food brokers became mainstream. Many store owners would not allow ads to hang from overhead wires. They felt that the overheads created a cluttered appearance.
16. ^ There are also unsigned credits that can't be verified. A young neighbor posed for him as the Dutch Boy. Namely, William Everett Orser (1919–2016). That's according to Lauretta Martin & Don Reynolds [next note]. His paintings for large outdoor displays were unsalvageable. Their scaled-down counterparts in grocery markets were typically discarded. Hence, even pictures of them likely do not exist, unless they were featured in a trade magazine. Example: 1. Commons.
17. ^ Martin's young model was Donald Bruce Reynolds (1924–2020). Their known collaborations follow: a. Parents cover, Oct 1930 (reader). Internet Archive. This image later appeared on a Gerlach Barklow calendar with altered lettering (theory); b. GE refrigerator ad. Three children are dressed as adults (role-playing); c. H-O Oats outdoor posters (1, 2, & 3). Their miniatures were displayed in grocery stores; d. Foreign Service cover, May 1932. Commons. Census of 1930. Search under "Carlyle Reynolds," born 1899. The artist and model lived on opposite ends of a long road. Video. Americans in Wartime Museum. "Don's Fondest Memories" (paragraph 2). Wayback Machine.
18. ^ For clarity, Martin sold the painting to Parents in March 1930. But it was not used. Mrs. Martin's notes state that. Parents sold the painting to American Lithographic, which in turn sold it to Foreign Service. This artwork was made into a poster and then appeared on a magazine cover, both in mid-to-late Apr 1932.
19. ^ His credits include all images of the boy wearing two-piece pajamas. This was the company's logo from 1930 to 34.
20. ^ They came with internal elastic straps (bands).
21. ^ These were decals that stuck to the windows.
22. ^ Pictured above. But there are other variations: a. Character on both sides with words on the back, "Time to Retire / Get a Fisk." b. Character and words on the front (in four separate lines): "Air-Flight / Principle / Tires by / Fisk."
23. ^ "Master Pajamas" lost its luster over time. Nonetheless, the image showed up on boxes and cans of auto parts until 1978. This included air filters, brake fluid, car mats, car wax, coolant, headlamps, oil filters, shock absorbers, spark plugs, and tune-up kits. It later appeared on Franklin Mint collectibles, Lionel boxcars, and label stickers for Fisk Classic tires.
24. ^ Collier's (Feb-27). Saying grace. Boy: thankful and patient, but irritated. Dog: eagerly anticipating a hot dog snack.
25. ^ It was sold to Farm Journal and retitled Farm Journal and Farmer's Wife, May 1939–Jul 1945 ... and then retitled Farm Journal with a "Farmer's Wife" back section, Aug 1945–1970.
26. ^ This picture first appeared in Scribner's Magazine, Jul 1928 p. 71.
27. ^ "Mr. and Mrs. Martin Win". The Sun and NY Herald, Jun 29, 1920 p. 11. His first tournament win came at age 33. This excludes consolation singles. Spalding's Lawn Tennis Annual, 1918 p. 33. The sanctioned "husbands and wives" event began in 1918. Marie Wagner proposed the unique idea.
28. ^ NY Tribune, Oct 1, 1917 p. 13; May 8, 1919 p. 22. The schoolboy prodigy and seasoned veteran were clubmates at Univ. Hts. The New York Times, Apr 4, 1919 p. 12. Key: Opening sentence. Richards simultaneously belonged to the New York TC. The Sun, Oct 6, 1919 p. 20; NY Times, Oct 19, 1919 sec. 10, p. 6 (2nd column, 4th heading). They were no longer clubmates.
29. ^ New York Tribune, Oct 20, 1919 p. 13. He played against Watson Washburn in a non-sanctioned interclub tourney.
30. ^ Bridgeport Telegram, July 5, 1924 p. 8. The Martins topped Adams and Mayme McDonald in New Canaan, Connecticut. Newspapers.com.
31. ^ Compact summary. The USLTA delegates decided to strengthen an existing rule on Feb 2, 1924. It stated that active players paid for writing about tennis would lose their amateur status, starting Jan 1, 1925. The delegates voted in blocks and easily approved the motion (47,196 to 6,250). It would have most deeply affected Bill Tilden, followed distantly by Vincent Richards. Strong op­po­si­tion came from the influential S. Wallis Merrihew, fans, and writers. Twelve of the top twenty-five ranked netmen in the NY metro area signed a petition, among others. It rebuked the new rule, which redefined amateurism. Walter Merrill Hall (#11 of 25) & Martin (#18 of 25; I.A.) did not sign on with the pro-Tilden faction. They instead co-wrote a letter, urging its re­con­sid­er­a­tion. President Wightman appointed a special committee to resolve the matter. It consisted of Arthur Hellen, Merrihew, Mersereau and Tilden. But that created a 2–2 stale­mate. So these four broadened the jury. They carefully added on Devereux Milburn, George W. Pepper, & Grantland Rice. Their report was accepted by the USLTA's Executive Committee on Dec 13. This greatly revised version was unanimously approved by the delegates on Jan 7, 1925. The alternative was to resume hostilities.
32. ^ "Exhibition". The New York Times, Apr 13, 1925 p. 16 (bottom center edge). Martin and Herbert Bowman came back from near defeat to win at Briarcliff.
33. ^ The perpetual trophy was etched with names covering every year in that span, except for 1942–45. It was cancelled due to a lack of applicants amid the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. These details were verified through several emails with a league rep between 2012 & 2021\. The winners of three or more singles titles are John Mangan, Melvin Partridge, Dick Squires and Bill Tully.
34. ^ Indirectly related. The News (Bronxville, N.Y.), Aug 23, 1912 p. 9; The Scarsdale Inquirer, Aug 17, 1912 p. 1; Sep 9, 1932 p. 1; Oct 7, 1932 p. 14; Sep 22, 1933 p. 11. The first County Tennis Club tournament (for members only) was in 1912. The singles winners had their names engraved on a memorial cup, starting in 1932. It was a runner-up trophy that Martin won at Harlem in 1923. This cup was last mentioned in print on Sep 22, 1933.
35. ^ Both Martins played singles at the 1921 Nationals. It's a trivial but uncommon occurrence for a married couple. Others: Hobart–Schultz (1905), Niles–Pitkin (1920–21), Chapin–Hosmer (1926), Gladman–Van Ryn (1931–37), Hall–Hopman (1938), Kovacs–Wolfenden (1941), Cooke–Palfrey (1945), Hoad–Staley (1956), Hantze–Susman (1964), Caldwell–Graebner (1964–65), Bowrey–Turner (1969), Curtis–Eisel (1969–70), Evert–Lloyd (1979, 81, 83–85), Borg–Simionescu (1980), Monfils–Svitolina (2021, 23–24), & Potapova–Shevchenko (2024).
36. ^ Serigraph (silkscreen print). It has been exhibited at various locations (unless in storage) since 1965. This was verified with the museum's curator via email in 2016. In the museum's files was a letter by Sec-Treas Henry Heffernan, dated December 3, 1965. It mentioned the main room display.
37. ^ Dimensions: height 3.75", width 3.25" (w/o handle). The Hall of Fame's logo is on the image's opposite side.
38. ^ Cachet. This cover explains why the Times and Tribune, confusingly, referred to him as being from Mamakating on Aug 16, 1915. Commons. The Sun, Aug 13, 1916 sec. 2, p. 2. Bklyn. Daily Eagle, Sep 3, 1916 sec. 3 (resorts), p. 6. Excerpt: "Martin of the University Heights Tennis Club, who had been picked to win the tournament [at Merriewold Park in 1916]." His name and club are correctly tied together. Newspapers.com.
39. ^ This was a non-championship final (unlike the other twenty-nine). Nonetheless, the winner received an award.
40. ^ American Lawn Tennis, May 15, 1920 p. 99. Participation invite.
41. ^ The Evening Telegram, May 20, 1923 p. 10. Excerpt on Martin: "the University Heights veteran." This corrects an error made in two other dailies on that date.
42. ^ His mixed doubles partner was not Lauretta. This was a rare occurrence due to a scheduling conflict. She had a first-round singles match at the Nationals on Aug 15. The New York Times, Jun 27, 1924 p. 22. This is another rarity. He paired up with a friend, Helen Simpson. The New York Times, Jun 12, 1923 p. 17; Lake George Mirror, Aug 16, 1924 p. 9; Jul 18, 1925 p. 3; Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Aug 2, 1925 p. F2 ("Brooklyn Guests"). They worked together on several tournament committees.
43. ^ He could have joined the club between Oct and Dec 1912. The tennis season was winding down, so finding printed evidence would be difficult or impossible.
44. ^ NY Tribune, May 17, 1914 pt. 2, p. 6. "Play for Bronx Court Title." Martin's leanest year on the circuit was 1914. Cachet ("other info"). He could not always take time off from work. Commons.
45. ^ The New York Times, Sep 30, 1921 p. 12. Hammett and Martin were clubmates at University Heights. They sometimes partnered in doubles. Big Bill Tilden, Deford, 1976 p. 221. Donald Strachan of Philadelphia was one of Tilden's protégés. Internet Archive.

### References

[edit]

1. ^ Register of Deaths for the Village of Ossining, N.Y. He was hospitalized from March 12 to 19. He lived in the hamlet of Millwood. Census of 1930. Home address. Birthdate. American Art Annual, 1928 p. 654.
2. ^ Spectacle. "Illuminated Electric Sign for Wrigley's Gum." New-York Historical Society. Photo credit: William Davis Hassler. Spectacle2. Wayback Machine. Electrical Record, Jul 1917 p. 54 ("largest"). HathiTrust. More details and pictures are accessible at references 36, 92–99.
3. ^ "Fund". American Lawn Tennis, Jun 15, 1918 p. 88. Size: 17" x 31". It was also available as postage stamps and poster stamps. Artist signed (near ankle).
4. ^ Parents' Magazine, Oct 1951 (cover). This is the 25th anniversary issue. Winners were chosen for the years 1926–50.
5. ^ "Snappy". The Saturday Evening Post, Mar 8, 1930 p. 76. Artist signed. It was publicly introduced in the issue of Feb 8, 1930. Not signed. "8th Flash". Automobile Topics, Dec 16, 1916 p. 547. Sleeper-clad original.
6. ^ This poster was pictured and sold in every Girl Scout Equipment catalog from Fall 1931 to Fall 1936. It was replaced by the 25th anniversary poster in 1937. Catalogs 1935–36 p. 33 or 38. Excerpt: "[It's] used by many troops at the group meeting place on a bulletin board." Usefulness1. Fall 1932. Usefulness2. Spring 1933. Artist signed (light; near left elbow).
7. ^ a b USLTA sanctioned. This article can combine various sections to back up every single year from 1909 to 31.
8. ^ New York Tribune, Oct 1, 1917 p. 13 ("Auto Springs Leak"); Jul 2, 1919 p. 12. Chad of Knob Hill, 1929. Richards was just 14 years old.
9. ^ a b Framed. Periodically exhibited. Silkscreened. Donor: Bessie Holden. Wayback Machine. The Sun, Apr 21, 1918 sec. 7, p. 8; Jul 16, 1918 p. 13. She helped organize the National Tennis Women's War Relief Association.
10. ^ The Golden Age of American Illustration, Perlman, 1978 p. 7 (foreword). Artists, Advertising, and the Borders of Art, Bogart, 1995 p. 15. Internet Archive.
11. ^ Scribner's Magazine, Jul 1922 p. 124. "American Illustration and the Re­pro­duc­tive Arts." HathiTrust. Process and Practice of Photo-engraving, Groesbeck, 1924 pp. 2, 9. Internet Archive.
12. ^ The NY Times, Nov 10, 1911 p. 11. Obit column. Excerpt: "He was almost [or like] the father of American magazine illustration, as it is known to-day."
13. ^ Artists, Advertising, and the Borders of Art, Bogart, 1995 pp. 1–4, 47–55, 78. Most lacked job security and a steady income. They still held a higher status than advertising artists. Internet Archive.
14. ^ a b Changeover. Cover Story: The Art of American Magazine Covers 1900-1950, Heller and Fili, 1996 pp. 7–8 (documented), 9–12 (recognition), 16–17 (decades). These three keywords are in this article under "Background."
15. ^ The Magazine Publishing Industry, Daly, Henry & Ryder, 1997 pp. vii, 4, 17. Internet Archive.
16. ^ Understanding Media and Culture in the 2020s, Lule, 2023 pp. 165–69. I. A.
17. ^ New York Press, Dec 13, 1890 p. 2. His father was part of "Peck, Martin & Co." It specialized in building materials, especially bricks. Excerpt: "Mr. Martin, who had been employed as a bookkeeper by the firm for twelve years, was admitted as a partner [on] February 1, 1882." Fultonhistory.com.
18. ^ "Masons". Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide, Jan 5, 1884 p. 24vi (exact center); Aug 30, 1890 p. 275 (interviewed). Real Estate Record ..., Feb 7, 1891 p. 199 (now called "Martin & Co."). HathiTrust.
19. ^ Census of 1880. Search under "Robt. C." Censuses of 1900 and 1910. They had nine children, with six still living. New York Herald, Nov 5, 1864 p. 3. His parents were married in 1864. New York Herald, Jul 30, 1917 p. 4; New York Tribune, Jul 30, 1917 p. 7. Robert's obits. He was survived by Hannah, five sons and one daughter. The funeral service was held at Calvary M. E. Church in Manhattan, at 129th St. and 7th Ave. The New York Times, Sep 21, 1919 p. 22. Hannah's obit.
20. ^ Census of 1880 (search under "Robt. C."); New York & New Jersey Telephone Company (directory), 1888 sec. NYC, p. 81; Trow's New York City Directory, 1890 p. 835. They lived near the future site of Penn Station.
21. ^ The Sun, Dec 13, 1890 p. 8. "Real Estate Transfers" (fifth down). Locale: north of 138th, east side. Trow's New York City Directory, 1891 p. 912; 1892 p. 948; 1893 p. 931; 1894 p. 931; 1896 p. 966; 1897 p. 863. Home: Edgecombe Ave. Their address is listed under Robert F. (son of Robert C.) for 1896 & 97\. New York Public Library Digital Collections.
22. ^ The Sun, July 17, 1891 p. 5. His baby sister, Theresa, died at thirteen months. The Evening World, June 20, 1893 p. 7. His teenage sister, Hannah Louisa, died at 16. Their funeral services were held at the family home on Edgecombe Ave. Chroni­cling America. Enter "Hannah A. Martin." He was born after the unrecorded death of another young sibling.
23. ^ Census, 1880. The family lived on 31st St. Census, 1900. They lived on 129th St.
24. ^ Trow's General Directory of the Boroughs of Manhattan and Bronx, 1899 p. 846. They lived on 129th St.
25. ^ Minutes of the New York Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Adams and Strobridge, eds., 1884 p. 74. The father is listed as a church official. Accessed via HathiTrust.
26. ^ "Collection". Report of the New York City Church Extension and Missionary Society, 1885, vols. 12–20, p. 64. Five of the Martins are listed as members.
27. ^ "Elected". Report of the New York City Church Extension and Missionary Society, 1893, vols. 21–30, p. 5. They joined Calvary upon moving to Edgecombe Avenue in Harlem. The building was designated a historic landmark, 2016. HathiTrust.
28. ^ The Metropolitan Church and Choir Directory of New York and Brooklyn, 1888 p. 56. Position: "Supt. S. S." "The New Testament and the Old". Sunday (or Church) School Journal, Henry H. Meyer, ed., Jan 1918 pp. 8–9. Their differences are compared. HathiTrust.
29. ^ New York Herald, Jul 30, 1917 p. 4 PDF (superintendent at both). The family relocated from Chelsea to Harlem in 1890. Calvary was sold to another congregation in 1923. Wayback Machine.
30. ^ a b c Citizen-Sentinel (Ossining, N.Y.), Mar 19, 1932 p. 1 (PDF). Excerpts: "An art enthusiast from his boyhood"; "He studied commercial art at the Academy of Design"; "Mr. Martin gained a national reputation when he designed the automobile tire advertisement, 'Time to Re-tire' "; "He has won several art prizes, including an award last year for drawing the best poster symbolizing the Girl Scout movement." "Member of the Artists' Guild. He was also a member of the County [Tennis] Club of Westchester and of the Scarsdale Badminton Club." Wayback Machine.
31. ^ Census of 1900. Date taken: June 9. The teen just turned 17. Occupation: "clerk in office of broker."
32. ^ The New York Times, Mar 20, 1932 sec. 2, p. 7. Excerpt: "He had studied at the National Academy of Design."
33. ^ Enrollment. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. File: National Academy of Design records, 1817–2012. His student records were on three cards. All students in the Life class were initially placed on probation. Commons.
34. ^ He took the following classes: a. Antique (drawing from plaster casts); b. Illustration; c. Life (drawing live models). American Art Annual, Levy, ed., 1903-1904 pt. 1, p. 288; AAA, 1905-1906 p. 304. Instructors: Jones & Ward ("Antique"), Hilton ("Illustration"), Maynard & Ward ("Life"). Antique class started in fall 1902. Life and illustration classes started in fall 1903.
35. ^ New York State Census of 1905. Date taken: June 1. Occupation: "artist."
36. ^ a b c Positions. Advertising & Selling, Jan 24, 1920 p. 12. Excerpts: "It is interesting to note that this drawing was made by Paul Martin, who, while he was with the O. J. Gude Co., designed the famous Wrigley electric sign showing the dancing 'spear-men,' still on display on Broadway in New York." "Mr. Martin was for seven years [the] art manager of the New York Tribune." This write-up gives him credit for the cover. Otherwise, it would have just gone to Gotham Studios. Its insignia is on the cover. Draft Registration Card, Sep 1918. Employer: Gude at 220 W. 42nd St.
37. ^ U.S. Census of 1910 (search under "Robert C."). "Manager"; "Art Dept. Daily Paper." Directory of the Oranges (N.J.), Price & Lee Co., 1910 p. 400 (PDF) "Mgr. NY"; 1912 p. 429 (PDF) "Mgr. NY." Maplewood Library's digital archive. Wayback Machine. He commuted to work from New Jersey.
38. ^ The Fourth Estate, Ernest Birmingham, ed., Dec 10, 1904 p. 9 (left column, paragraph 3) – via HathiTrust. Courier News (N.J.), Oct 2, 1906 p. 7. Horgan's old position: NY Tribune's art manager. New position: Newark Advertiser's art manager, starting October 1. Newspapers.com.
39. ^ Trow's General Directory of the Boroughs of Manhattan and Bronx, 1907 vol. CXXI, p. 1063 (home: 129th St.); 1908 vol. CXXII, p. 928 (home: Orange, N.J.). Listed under "Robt. C." Maplewood was then a village in the South Orange Township. Their new home was constructed in 1908 (block 10.03, lot 120).
40. ^ Trow's General Directory of the Boroughs of Manhattan and Bronx, 1909 p. 937. Robert Martin's occupation (building materials) and city of residence (Maplewood) are listed.
41. ^ U.S. Census of 1910 (search under "Robert C."). Paul's parents, siblings, occupation, and residence are listed. New York Herald, Jul 7, 1912 p. 15; Jul 21, 1912 p. 15 (PDF). He played in interclub tennis tournaments as a member of the Maplewood FC (now CC). Wayback Machine.
42. ^ a b New York Tribune, Sep 1, 1909 p. 5 (1–2R); Sep 15, 1909 p. 8. Spalding's Lawn Tennis Annual, 1910 pp. 98–99, 181. He played singles & doubles in both.
43. ^ New York Tribune, Aug 31, 1909 p. 4 (1R). NY Tribune, Sep 14, 1909 p. 5. Ralph won and lost a match by default at Morristown.
44. ^ a b "Travers Island". American Lawn Tennis, Aug 15, 1921 p. 317; Spalding's Lawn Tennis Annual, 1910 pp. 98 (defaults), 181; New York Tribune, Aug 14, 1911 p. 8 (doubles partners); Jul 19, 1921 p. 11; Jun 12, 1922 p. 11. They both played in these events. FamilySearch. Ralph Arndt Martin (Oct 1870 – Jan 1961) was born in New Jersey. Census of 1910. Wife: Alice. Uncle-in-law (householder): Charles Yardley Turner. Their shared home was on 14th St. in Mid-Lower Manhattan. Search under "C. E. Y. Turner" (misspelled initials). Census of 1920. Ralph and Alice now lived in East Orange, N.J.
45. ^ a b Spalding's Lawn Tennis Annual, 1910 (for '09) p. 181. He played singles and doubles (teamed with Harry N. Balch) at the Nyack CC. The New York Times, Sep 15, 1909 p. 9; New York Tribune, Sep 15, 1909 p. 8; Spalding's, 1910 (for '09) p. 99. Also in the Morristown FC tourney. NY Tribune, Jun 3, 1910 p. 9 (partners again). Spalding's, 1912 (for '11) p. 160. Friedman–Grant topped Balch–Martin 7–5, 6–2. Spalding's, 1913 (for '12) p. 64. Balch and Martin formed a tandem in So. Orange, N.J. NY Herald, Jul 7, 1912 p. 15 PDF ("Maplewood"); Jul 21, 1912 p. 15 PDF ("Glenridge"). Team matches. These two sources connect everything together. They were clubmates & doubles partners at the Maplewood FC. Wayback Machine. Census of 1910. Search under "Robert C." The two were neighbors who lived a few houses apart. They both attended Maplewood Methodist. A church official verified the latter via email, 2020.
46. ^ "Many Players". NY Tribune, May 17, 1910 p. 9; May 20, 1910 p. 8; May 29, 1910 p. 8; Jun 2, 1910 p. 9; Jun 21, 1910 p. 9; Jul 2, 1910 p. 9; The Sun, May 29, 1911 p. 4; May 31, 1911 p. 9; Aug 12, 1911 p. 7; Aug 14, 1911 p. 9; Jul 4, 1912 p. 9. Active participant 1910–11.
47. ^ Building. Our Second Methodist Postcard Album, with an introduction by William Turkowski, 1991 p. 29. Internet Archive.
48. ^ Invitation. Their wedding announcement card gave the location and date as New York, Sep 27, 1912. Commons. New Jersey, United Methodist Church Records, 1800-1970; New Jersey State Archives, Marriage Records. However, the location was changed to Hoboken, N.J. Date unchanged. The cer­tif­i­cate is signed by Johnston (rector of First M. E.), who added "Hoboken." The bride's name is misspelled as Loretta.
49. ^ U.S. Census of 1900. The Willeys lived in Central Harlem (on W. 119th St.) as the century turned. They and the Martins attended the then-named Calvary Methodist Episcopal Church. New York City Church Extension and Missionary Society, Year Book 1905 pp. 37, 39. Lauretta (& sister Emma) attended Calvary. This is a rare direct connection. Emma's full name is at Year Book 1904 p. 43. HathiTrust.
50. ^ Census of 1910. Charles I. Willey founded the printing house in 1899. He was born in Illinois, 1859. Search under the incorrect middle initial "F." It specialized in reprinting old books. Walter was an employee who later took over the company. (Same surname, but not related.) His job titles follow: a. Census of 1910. Publisher's accountant; b. New York State Census, 1915. Office clerk; c. R. L. Polk & Co.'s Trow ..., Jun 1917 p. 2040. Bookkeeper (bkpr). His wife's name is Florence; d. R. L. Polk & Co.'s Trow ..., Nov 1920 p. 1909. Book­seller. It's listed under the company name, with Florence as the owner; e. New York State Census, 1925. Publisher. Censuses of 1910 & 1930\. Emma was a lifelong public school teacher.
51. ^ Trow's General Directory of the Boroughs of Manhattan and Bronx, 1913 p. 812; R. L. Polk & Co.'s Trow General Directory of New York City ..., Mar 1915 p. 1258. They lived on Loring Pl.
52. ^ New York State Census of 1915; U.S. Census of 1920 (rental); Westchester County, New York, Property Record, August 15, 1925. They lived on Andrews Ave. from 1915 to 25.
53. ^ R. L. Polk & Co.'s Trow General Directory of New York City, Embracing the Boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx, April 1916 p. 1140. Home: "Andrews Ave." Occupation: "artist." Draft Registration Card, Sep 1918. It was a fourth-floor apartment.
54. ^ New Jersey State Archives, Marriage Records, Sep 1912. Occupation: "artist [not art manager]." That detail helped confirm the year 1912. Cachet. Paul wrote to Lauretta while working for Gude in 1914. His artistic credits nearly always went to the company. Commons.
55. ^ Draft Registration Card, Sep 1918 – via FamilySearch. Employer: "O. J. Gude & Co." That detail helped confirm the year 1919. Advertising & Selling, Jan 24, 1920 p. 12. Martin has left Gude and now works for Gotham Studios. He receives credit for the cover, which features Gotham's logo.
56. ^ Buyout. Printers' Ink, March 13, 1919 pp. 46–47.
57. ^ Record and Guide, Mar 1, 1913 p. 478 (near 22nd on B'way/far upper right); May 10, 1913 p. 1022 (220 W. 42nd/far upper right). The company's address changed between March & May.
58. ^ Parable. Printers' Ink, Mar 11, 1920 p. 72. He drew the ancient Greek philosopher Empedocles, while working for Gotham Studios. An employee rarely received credit. (Top right, under date.)
59. ^ U.S. Census of 1920. Date taken: Jan 5. He was living in the West Bronx and working in outdoor advertising.
60. ^ "Reward Employees". Advertising & Selling, Jan 10, 1920 p. 48 (lower right). HathiTrust. St. James Building. Commons.
61. ^ The New York Times, Sep 4, 1920 p. 17 (5th column, 52nd ad down); Sep 5, 1920 sec. 8, p. 12 (2nd column, 28th ad down). Text: "SPACE with telephone serv­ice, wanted by artist." Repair. This is Martin's first freelancing credit.
62. ^ R. L. Polk & Co.'s Trow General Directory of New York City ..., Mar 1923 p. 1223. Home and office addresses are given. Copyrights: Hearings ... on H.R. 11258, 1925 p. 143; American Water Color Society, catalog, 1921 pp. 17, 33; American Art Annual, 1922 p. 498; 1926 p. 591. Office address.
63. ^ Guild1. Printers' Ink Monthly, Dec 1920 p. 97 (non-member); Guild2. Jan 1921 p. 97 (new member).
64. ^ Office of the Westchester County Clerk. Property deed. This document verified the month and year. The New York Times, Mar 20, 1932 sec. 2, p. 7. "He came to [Greater] Ossining six years ago from New York City."
65. ^ a b c d e f Hard Row to Hoe (literary newsletter), V-9 Fall 2005 pp. 2–3 – via Wayback Machine. Titled "Golden Era of the Illustrators." It's a collaboration between Joe E. (Edwin) Armstrong and Martin's niece, Adele. This source is cited six times, with each time referring to a different sentence. Excerpt: "[The] Fisk tire advertisement, 'A Time to Retire,' with Adele's brother Walter as a model, was his best known work." The niece recalled visiting the artist with her brother and sister. As follows: "We climbed the oak stairs to the second floor ... [and] entered a huge, bright room ... This was my uncle's studio." "Although my uncle generally used local models, especially boys, some of our family posed for photographs, which would later miraculously turn into paintings. My grandmother was depicted in a Thanks­giv­ing scene basting a turkey"; "My brother and I sat for The Bookshelf for Boys and Girls while Uncle Paul took our picture, as we sat on the kitchen table of our own house." "My sister modeled for [a] Junior Red Cross poster[]. [S]he posed as well, taking a license number from a boy's homemade car, for hitting her carriage and doll." Grandma: Mary Willey, née Immler (1854–1937). Brother: Walter Jr. Sister: Edna. Adele and Joe Armstrong were neighbors in Healdsburg, Calif.
66. ^ Cottage Tor. Martin painted their two-story home. Commons.
67. ^ Window. The front of their home was not drawn to scale. Hence, the same was likely true of the north side. Nonetheless, it shows the general layout.
68. ^ a b The Daily Argus (Mount Vernon, N.Y.), Jul 11, 1927 p. 1 (PDF). Sub­head­ing: "Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Willey." It mentions Martin's nephew and nieces: Walter Jr., Adele, and Edna. These four are uniquely tied together. A–W–E (L to R). Studio portrait, 1930. Wayback Machine.
69. ^ a b Helpers1. His niece Edna is second from the top right. Artist signed (on the globe's lower right). Commons. Helpers2. Florida Health Notes, State Board of Health, Nov 1930 p. 184. Akron Beacon Journal, Oct 8, 1930 p. 15. Two girls are displaying the poster. "First Day". American Junior Red Cross News, Mar 1932 p. 154 (upper left).
70. ^ a b Oven Roasted1. She's preparing the main course. Oven Roasted2. Thanksgiving: An Illustrated History, J & S Thomas, 2011 p. 67. "Anticipation."
71. ^ Ossining Remembered, Ossining Historical Society, 1999 p. 99. The New York Times, Mar 20, 1932 sec. 2, p. 7 (church).
72. ^ American Lawn Tennis, Apr 20, 1932 p. 64. Excerpt: "Paul Martin, well known in New York tennis circles and a [former] member of the University Heights Tennis Club, died suddenly." His death was also mentioned in the table of contents on p. 3. Printers' Ink, Mar 24, 1932 vol. 158:12, p. 80. Excerpt: "artist of the current H-O posters." Internet Archive.
73. ^ The New York Times, March 20, 1932 sec. 2, p. 7. Excerpts: "an artist specializing in advertising"; "studied at the National Academy of Design." "Funeral services will be held Tuesday in the Highland Methodist Church."
74. ^ Citizen-Sentinel (Ossining, N.Y.), Mar 19, 1932 p. 1. Subheading: "Originator of 'Time to Re-tire.'" Excerpt: "Services will be Tuesday night at 7 o'clock at the Highland Avenue M. E. Church." His surviving siblings were Frances "Fanny," George, Ralph, and Robert. Fultonhistory.com. Citz.-Sen., Mar 23, 1932 p. 2. Excerpt: "A group of his most intimate friends and relatives attended."
75. ^ Lifespan: July 7, 1880, New York City, N.Y. – Aug 14, 1972, Mount Vernon, N.Y. Social Security Death Index (MyTrees.com). This site verified the birthdate. Mount Vernon Argus, Aug 15, 1972 p. 18. Obit. She outlived her two siblings. Newspapers.com.
76. ^ "Paul Martin Tennis Tourney". The Scarsdale Inquirer, Jun 22, 1934 p. 1 (traits). News.hrvh.org. The Standard-Star, Jun 21, 1934 p. 21. Similar article.
77. ^ Bronxville Press, Aug 16, 1932 p. 4 (quote). "Village Vagabond." His constant presence brought stability to the sport. News.hrvh.org. American Lawn Tennis, Apr 20, 1932 p. 3 (table of contents), p. 64. Tribute.
78. ^ That category included entertainment, pictures, politics, serials, short stories, and sports. Media Essentials: A Brief Introduction, 2013 pp. 102–03. I. A.
79. ^ a b A Cavalcade of Collier's, Kenneth McArdle, ed., 1959 pp. xii–xiii.
80. ^ Scribner's Magazine, May 1939 pp. 20–21. Its circulation soared under Chenery. He was in full control from the start. A History of American Magazines, Frank Luther Mott, 1957 pp. 469–473. Internet Archive.
81. ^ Shoveling Snow. Collier's, Dec 25, 1926; Dec 27, 1924. HathiTrust.
82. ^ a b Scribner's Magazine, July 1922 p. 126 (niche).
83. ^ These eighteen described activities each appeared on a Collier's cover between Feb 2, 1924 & Aug 27, 1927. Their dates of issue are listed together under the heading "Magazine cover illustrator."
84. ^ a b Collier's (Jun-24). "Correct Position for the Fingers." Beginning flutist. He's wearing a sailor suit with a big red bow. Library of Congress.
85. ^ a b Collier's (Aug-27). A joyful boy and apprehensive dog are going down a water slide together. Commons.
86. ^ a b Collier's (Sep-25). A student's mind wanders in an English grammar class. Accessed via HathiTrust.
87. ^ a b c Collier's (Jun-25). Self-portrait. Martin's wearing a derby hat amid red carnations. The mustache was added on. The cover story is about horse betting.
88. ^ Magic. Cover idea. This sketch was mailed to the art editor at Collier's. Commons.
89. ^ a b Preliminary. Board thickness: 1/16". Rare example. Commons.
90. ^ a b Photo Session1. A model poses for a painting and the finished product. It appeared in numerous newspapers and The Saturday Evening Post, Nov 1930. Artist signed. The boy, two girls, and fridge were photographed separately.
91. ^ a b Photo Session2. A model poses for a painting and the finished product. It appeared on the Foreign Service cover of May 1932. Artist signed. The boy is holding up a paintbrush stick. It has an attached matchbox (in lieu of a flower).
92. ^ "Statistics". Printers' Ink Monthly, Oct 1920 pp. 25 (photo), 26 (B'way, feet). It was located atop the old Putnam Bldg. That site is now occupied by the Paramount Bldg. Electrical World, Oct 6, 1917 p. 683; Printers' Ink, Oct 18, 1917 p. 25; Electrical Experimenter, Jan 1918 p. 597; Dec 1918 p. 526. The lettering was changed for one month to help sell Liberty bonds, Oct 1917.
93. ^ Advertising & Selling, June 1917 p. 33. Testimonials. Songwriter George M. Cohan: "One of the best musical numbers I have ever seen." HathiTrust. New York Tribune, Apr 28, 1920 p. 8. Fountains play. Trademark changes. This ad appeared in hundreds of newspapers from Dec 1919 to May 1920. Wrigley's amusing sign was directed toward the masses. The energetic, pointed-headed sprites promoted the health benefits of chewing gum.
94. ^ Simulated Movements. "Times Square North." The entire rooftop sign is not visible. There are three more sprightly "spearmen" on the left side. They are doing warm-ups. New York Public Library Digital Collections.
95. ^ "Flasher". Illustrated World, Jun 1920 pp. 689–91. This article explains how flickering light bulbs give the illusion of movement. Framed within a vine-like floral design are the anthropomorphic gymnasts, bubbling fountains, and fluttering long-tailed peacocks.
96. ^ Times Square Spectacular, Tell, 2007 pp. 75, 79. A second electric sign is now visible: The Ten Commandments, 1924. One Times Square, McKendry, 2012 p. 17. Watercolor painting. It depicts the captivating, attention-grabbing, triangular-headed electric performers.
97. ^ Motion. Outdoor Advertising (book), Lippincott, 1923 pp. 85–86. It's called beautiful, fascinating and impressionable.
98. ^ New York Tribune, Nov 10, 1917 p. 1 (first year). "Chew Over Chew". Variety, Feb 7, 1924 p. 18 (last year). It operated from 1917 to 24. This dispute remained unresolved, which brought the long run to a slightly premature close.
99. ^ "Invested". Printers' Ink, Aug 10, 1922 pp. 17–20. "Premiums". Famous Leaders of Industry, Second Series, Wildman, 1921 pp. 337–38. HathiTrust.
100. ^ Toss1. Titled "Serve Your Country, Benefit of War Camp." It's a lithograph on wove paper. Library and Archives Canada. Archived: 1. Wayback Machine. Toss2. Sample card. Commons. Many artists lent their talents to the war effort. He registered for the draft in Sep 1918. That's when the age limits changed from 21–30 to 18–45.
101. ^ Morale-boosting. What New York Did for Fighting Men: Through New York War Camp Community Service in the World-War of 1917-1919, 1919 pp. 3–4.
102. ^ "They're Off". Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Dec 11, 1921 p. D23; Dec 20, 1921 p. B5; Dec 7, 1924 sec. resorts, p. 41. New York Herald, Dec 17, 1922 sec. 6, p. 6. The New York Times, Feb 4, 1923 sec. 8, p. 12. "Coasting". Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Dec 17, 1922 p. H40; Dec 16, 1923 sec. resorts, p. 33. NY Herald, Dec 18, 1921 sec. 3, p. 15; New York Tribune, Jan 22, 1922 pt. 3, p. 6; Dec 3, 1922 pt. 4, p. 5. The New York Times, Dec 9, 1923 sec. 10, p. 7; Jan 25, 1925 sec. 7, p. 14; Dec 6, 1925 sec. 8, p. 19. "Exciting Sport". NY Tribune, Dec 18, 1921 pt. 3, p. 5; Jan 29, 1922 pt. 3, p. 6. New York Herald, Jan 29, 1922 sec. 3, p. 3. "Snowshoe Trail". New York Tribune, Jan 29, 1922 pt. 3, p. 6. NY Herald, Jan 15, 1922 sec. 3, p. 11. "Let's Go". NY Herald, Dec 10, 1922 sec. 6, p. 6. Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Jan 8 & 15, 1922 p. F12; Jan 29, 1922 pt. 3, p. 6. NY Tribune, Jan 8, 1922 pt. 3, p. 3. Print debuts: 1921–22. These are all signed by the artist. His signature is in the lower left corner of "Exciting Sport."
103. ^ The Daily Argus, Dec 3, 1921, picture section (PDF). He signed a contract to design cards for William Edwin Rudge, 1921. Its publishing house was relocated to Mount Vernon, N.Y., 1921. Wayback Machine. "Bide-A-Wee". It's a rare or unique example. Commons.
104. ^ Mags (1927): "I Know Beans" (a trademarked phrase). Ladies' Home Journal, May p. 71; The Farm Journal, May p. 57; Good Housekeeping, May p. 143; MacLean's, May 15 p. 47; McCall's, May p. 57; National Geographic, Apr p. 188; Successful Farming, Apr p. 115; Woman's Home Companion, May p. 68.
105. ^ Volunteers1. Newport (R.I.) Mercury and Weekly News, Sep 6, 1929 p. 5. "Beautiful and Inspiring." Newspapers.com. Volunteers2. Penna. School Journal, Oct 1929 p. 102; Volunteers3. American Junior Red Cross News, Apr 1930 p. 183. Wall display. Internet Archive.
106. ^ Advertising Age, Sep 26, 1931 p. 11 (upper right). The national advertising campaign started in Sep 1931.
107. ^ a b Confidence. Titled "I don't care, I'm strong." Commons.
108. ^ Documents. These letters confirm the debut year. Wayback Machine.
109. ^ Weight Gain. A boy stands on a scale. He says to a girl, "You can't call me Skinny now!" Artist signed. Commons. Thumb Pointing1. Advertising Outdoors, Nov 1931 p. 35. "Overflowing pep and energy is expressed." Signature erased. Internet Archive.
110. ^ a b Thumb Pointing2. Outdoor, Street-Car, and Radio Advertising, 1936 pp. 14a, 15, 17. Size: 25' x 12'. It's a street-level perspective.
111. ^ Early Riser. A gleeful boy leaps out of bed while saying, "Coming mother...I'm hungry." Original punctuation. Commons.
112. ^ Thirst Quencher. The Saturday Evening Post, Jul 26, 1930 p. 43. Commons.
113. ^ Mags (1930): American Home, Aug p. 507; The American Magazine, Aug p. 124; Arts & Decoration, Aug p. 17; Collier's, Aug 16 p. 27; Cosmopolitan, Sep p. 151; Country Life (Garden City, N.Y.), Aug p. 75; House Beautiful, Aug p. 100a; Ladies' Home Journal, Aug p. 70; McCall's, Aug p. 78; Post, Jul 26 p. 43; Silent Hostess, vol. 2 no. 5, inside cover; Time, Aug 11 p. 2. New York dailies (1930): Auburn Citizen, Jul 31 p. 8; Buffalo Courier-Express, Oct 1 p. 9; Otsego Farmer and Republican (Cooperstown), Jul 11 p. 4; Rochester Times-Union, Jul 15 p. 12; St. Lawrence (County) Plaindealer, Jul 15 p. 2. Book: Never Done, Strasser, 1982 p. 266. Internet Archive.
114. ^ Printers' Ink, Sep 18, 1930 pp. 130, 132. "What Constitutes a 'Story Illustration'?," Larned. Illustration in Advertising, Larned, 1925 p. 64.
115. ^ Playtime1. Saturday Evening Post, Oct 25, 1930 p. 34. Internet Archive. Playtime2. Commons.
116. ^ Mags: Silent Hostess, 1930 vol. 2 no. 7, inside cover; Saturday Evening Post, Nov 22, 1930 p. 37. Book: Advertising the American Dream, Marchand, 1985 p. 271. Newspapers (1930): Alexandria Times-Tribune, Nov 20 p. 6; Canyon News (Tex.), Nov 13 p. 16; Coshocton Tribune (Ohio), Nov 20 p. 9; Evening Journal (Del.), Nov 26 p. 4; Evening Sun (Hanover, Pa.), Nov 30 p. 3; Indiana Evening Gazette, Nov 20 p. 13; Jamestown Evening News (N.Y.), Nov 13 p. 15; Los Angeles Times, Nov 18 p. 4; Morning Herald (Uniontown, Pa.), Nov 20 p. 16; Patriot and Free Press, Nov 20 p. 9; Pomona Progress Bulletin, Nov 18 sec. 2, p. 4; Republican Watchman, Nov 14 p. 3; Silver Creek News, Nov 20 p. 6; Van Wert Times Bulletin, Nov 20 p. 8; Wilmington News-Journal, Nov 27 p. 2. Kids are playing grown-ups.
117. ^ The Pelham Sun, March 13, 1931 p. 7 (PDF). Wayback Machine.
118. ^ a b Girl Scout Equipment (catalog), 1931F p. 25; 1932S p. 29; 1932F p. 32; 1933S p. 34; 1933F p. 28; 1934S p. 31; 1934F p. 31; 1935S p. 38; 1935F p. 38; 1936S p. 33; 1936F p. 33. Excerpts from 1931F: "Prize winning poster in the contest held early in 1931. Painted by Paul Martin"; "A very attractive publicity item [for window display]." Excerpt from 1933F: "The 'Usefulness' poster, because of its cheerfulness and lovely coloring, is one of the most popular." It's pictured in all eleven of these semiannual catalogs. Sizes: 17" x 22" and 7" x 9.25".
119. ^ American Art Annual, American Federation of Arts, 1928 vol. 24, p. 182. It often held competitions, demonstrations, and exhibitions. Martin's name is listed on p. 654. HathiTrust.
120. ^ "Competition". The Art News, Feb 21, 1931 p. 17; New York Evening Post, Feb 21, 1931 p. D5 (200–300).
121. ^ a b "Poster Campaign". Plattsburgh Daily Press, Jan 21, 1931 p. 7. Gibson was on the original (not final) jury.
122. ^ a b c d "Contest". The Pelham Sun, Feb 27, 1931 p. 9 – via news.hrvh.org.
123. ^ The Yonkers Statesman, Nov 6, 1931 p. 20 (PDF). Wayback Machine. Citizen-Sentinel, Nov 9, 1931 p. 9.
124. ^ The Yonkers Statesman, Jun 1, 1929 p. 6 PDF (best man). Heading: "Twenty-Five Years Ago." It was held at the bride's family home on Riverside Ave. (then more commonly known as Dr.) in Manhattan, NYC. Wayback Machine. TYS, Jun 2, 1904 p. 5. Excerpt: "Souvenirs received by the maid of honor and best man were gold initial rings." Newspapers.com.
125. ^ Citizen-Sentinel, Feb 19, 1931 p. 8 (PDF). Dobbs Ferry Register, Mar 13, 1931 p. 11 (PDF). Wayback Machine. The Evening Huronite, Mar 14, 1931 p. 7.
126. ^ "Reward". Mid-Week Pictorial, Mar 7, 1931 p. 18. Internet Archive. Reward2. Commons. The picture was taken without the displayed painting.
127. ^ Congratulated. Key: Addressed letterhead. Commons.
128. ^ NY Herald Tribune, Feb 22, 1931 sec. 9, p. 8. Caption under picture: "Scout Poster Artists." Newspapers.com. Top Three. Wayback Machine.
129. ^ Girl Scout Collector's Guide, Degenhardt and Kirsch, 2005 p. 266e. An imprinted message is at the bottom. Internet Archive.
130. ^ New York Herald Tribune, Oct 18, 1931 sec. 2, p. 13. The original was in a display window at Wanamaker's for one week.
131. ^ The Sign. The change request was first made in a letter (last paragraph).
132. ^ Newspapers (1931): Lockport Union-Sun & Journal, Feb 21, p. 4 (PDF). Wayback Machine. Citizen-Sentinel, Feb 17, p. 6; Wisconsin State Journal, Feb 24, p. 6; The Evening Huronite, Feb 25, p. 4; The Capital Times, Feb 26, p. 9; James­town Evening Journal, Feb 26, p. 15. Citz.-Sen. omitted the words "happy and."
133. ^ Sheltering; Sheltering2. Commons. It was listed in Title Leaves for 1932 Line. © Dec 26, 1930. Salesman's booklet. Suitcase Layout. Joliet's Gerlach Barklow Calendar Company, Tim & Michelle Smith, 2009 p. 26. Google Books.
134. ^ Puzzled. Commons. It was listed in Title Leaves for 1933 Line. © Dec 26, 1931. Salesman's booklet. It first appeared on the cover of Parents' Mag. in Oct 1930. Parents then sold the painting to Gerlach Barklow. An in-house artist changed the lettering and added a title.
135. ^ Advertising & Selling, Jan 24, 1920. Cover credit is on p. 12. This is a pencil sketch of an executive with Deere & Co. Magazine's lifes­pan: 1909–24. HathiTrust. Printers' Ink, May 12, 1909 p. 39. It was formed through a merger.
136. ^ Repair. Good Hardware, Oct 1920 (clock fixer). Publisher: Strevell-Paterson Hardware Co., Salt Lake City.
137. ^ Merchant1. Progressive Grocer, Sep 1922, vol. 1 no. 9 (phone order). Blurry signature. Contents. However, credit is also given on p. 5. Merchant2. Progressive Grocer, Nov 1922, vol. 1 no. 11 (weighing a turkey). A.C. = in-house (or staff) artist. This name appeared on five covers between Jun & Nov 1922.
138. ^ Bitten Apple. Silent Hostess, General Electric, 1930, vol. 2 no. 4; 1931, vol. 3 no. 4 (flexing muscles); 1931, vol. 3 no. 7 (blowing up a football). This short-lived magazine promoted the innovative "Monitor Top" refrigerator, 1930–32. It included feature stories, recipes, and tips.
139. ^ Turkey. Progressive Grocer (1922–present). It helped independent operators succeed for over a century. It's known for analytical articles.
140. ^ The Daily Bulletin (Endicott, N.Y.), Oct 12, 1956 p. 5. Heading: "Reynolds Named Magazine Editor." The appointment took effect on Nov 1. NYSHistoric­Newspapers.org. "Non-foods". Readings in Marketing, ed. by Walters, Snider, & Sweet, 1962 p. 595. Five-line footnote. Internet Archive.
141. ^ a b "Parade". Altoona (Pa.) Tribune, May 21, 1932 p. 5; Brownsville (Tex.) Herald, May 11, 1932 p. 8; May 17, 1933 p. 2; Hartford Courant, May 22, 1932 p. A8 (street view); New Castle News, May 16, 1932 p. 10; Redlands Daily Facts, May 19, 1933 p. 8; The Tennessean, May 28, 1932 p. 7; Medford (Ore.) Mail Tribune, May 21, 1933 p. 4; San Bernardino Daily Sun, May 22, 1933 p. 3; Bakersfield Californian, May 23, 1933 p. 7; The Albuquerque Tribune, May 26, 1933 p. 15. It appeared in print just prior to Memorial Day.
142. ^ "Harding". VFW: Our First Century, Mason, 1999 p. 58. I. A.
143. ^ Ownership. He made some adjustments. Commons.
144. ^ The Eaton Rapids (Mich.) Journal, Apr 22, 1932 p. 6 (PDF). Excerpt: "last artistic achievement." Print debut. Wayback Machine. Detroit Free Press, Apr 26, 1932 p. 22. This is another early appearance.
145. ^ Foreign Service, May 1932 pp. 10, 26 (editorial quote). This was also the official poster for 1933.
146. ^ Emblem1. Boys' Life, May 1932 p. 52; Emblem2. May 1933 p. 30; May 1934 p. 44. Artist signed. Disabled and needy veterans assembled the flower pins. They were then sold publicly. The money raised went to help veterans and their dependents.
147. ^ "Good Tires". The Bicycling World and Motorcycle Review, Oct 10, 1901 p. 26; Sep 5, 1901 p. 454; Feb 21, 1901 p. 584.
148. ^ Automobile Topics (trade magazine), Sep 24, 1921 p. 443. That production total set a monthly output record for 1921. U.S. Tire Industry, French, 1991 pp. 45, 47. The industry leaders in sequential order were Goodyear, Firestone, Goodrich, U.S. Rubber, and Fisk, 1920s.
149. ^ a b The Rubber Age, Jan 25, 1928 pp. 419, 424. Competition from Montgomery Ward and Sears (high-volume sellers) set off a price war. The Rubber Age, Jan 10, 1931 pp. 350–52; Dec 10, 1931 p. 211. The company posted three straight years of losses and entered receivership in Jan 1931. Internet Archive.
150. ^ The NY Sun, Jan 19, 1940 p. 31. "Transfer Fisk Assets to U.S."
151. ^ History of the United States Rubber Company, Babcock, 1966 pp. xv (unifying), 97 (brand), 410–11 (worldwide). The stockholders voted for the name change on Apr 19, 1966. Internet Archive.
152. ^ Akron Beacon Journal, Sep 23, 1989 p. A1; May 3, 1990 p. B3. Deal struck: Sep 1989. Deal finalized: May 1990.
153. ^ a b Greenville (S.C.) News, Nov 8, 1962 p. 48; Dec 13, 1962 p. 49. News and Observer, Mar 4, 1965 p. 23; Jan 11, 1978 p. 15. Poughkeepsie Journal, Aug 30, 1977 p. 17; The Charlotte Observer, Feb 20, 1978 p. A10. Kmart ads. Newspapers.com.
154. ^ Tire Business (trade mag), July 6, 1998 (starting in 1996); Dec 19, 2013 (still in production). Accessed via tirebusiness.com.
155. ^ Journal Tribune, Jul 22, 1980 p. 6. The Chicopee Uniroyal plant shuts down.
156. ^ America A to Z, Reader's Digest, 1997 pp. 364–65. It was once an iconic trademark. Internet Archive.
157. ^ Logo, Font & Lettering Bible, Cabarga, 2004 p. 16. Internet Archive.
158. ^ a b San Francisco Call, Dec 1, 1910 p. 7; Apr 30, 1911 p. 44; San Francisco Chronicle, Dec 1, 1910 p. 5; Los Angeles Express, Dec 2, 1910 p. 23; Oakland Tribune, Dec 4, 1910 p. 38; May 7, 1911 p. 37; The Oregon Journal, Dec 4, 1910 sec. 4, p. 12; The Spokesman-Review, Dec 11, 1910 p. D9; Town Talk (SF mag), Dec 24, 1910 p. 50; Wallaces' Farmer, Apr 7, 1911 p. 8; Life, Aug 17, 1911 p. 276; Apr 4, 1912 p. 679; Daily Missoulian, Mar 25, 1912 p. 7; Apr 8, 1912 p. 2; Times-Dispatch, Apr 14, 1912 p. last; Country Life in America, Apr 15, 1912 p. 86; Collier's, Apr 20, 1912 p. 30; Motor, Apr 1912 p. 26; Suburban Life, Apr 1912 p. 290. These are appearances of the advertising character in print between Dec 1910 and Apr 1912. It also showed up on picture postcards [links 1, 3] in Dec 1910.
159. ^ a b Early History1. Printers' Ink, Dec 26, 1912 p. 78. Titled "Development of 'Fisk Boy' as Trade Figure." The sleepy-eyed character was created in 1910. It ap­peared months later on penny postcards. They were typically mailed & post­marked between Dec 1910 and 1912. They are now on the collector's market.
160. ^ a b Early History2. The Poster, Nov 1913 p. 55. Titled "Why the Fisk Rubber Company Uses Posters." Advertising manager M. G. (Mabel Garetta) Webber: "He appeared first in 1910." Early History3. Judicious Advertising, Jan 1913 p. 71. HathiTrust.
161. ^ Saturday Evening Post, Jan 12, 1929 p. 78. Print debut. Management decided on the facial alteration in 1928.
162. ^ Saturday Evening Post, Feb 8, 1930 p. 106. Mags were distributed about seven days before the cover date. Electric Railway Journal, Feb 1930 p. 83. Miniature version. These are the earliest print debuts. Internet Archive. Claim. Official Gazette, Jul 1930 vol. 396, p. 730.
163. ^ a b Editor & Publisher, March 29, 1947 p. 36. Martin's contributions to "Master PJs" are indirectly mentioned. Excerpt: "At one time, they put him in a modern suit of pajamas [and] made him a little older." Internet Archive.
164. ^ Chattanooga Times, May 4, 1930 p. 48. Nashville Banner, May 11, 1930 sec. 3, p. 2; Hartford Courant, Jun 8, 1930 p. C7; Pittsburgh Press, Jun 15, 1930 sec. autos, p. 2. Modesto News-Herald, Jun 14, 1930 p. 13. Their source was James Mortensen of Mortensen Tire Service.
165. ^ a b Printers' Ink, Mar 27, 1930 pp. 10, 12 (quote). Titled "Don't Be Afraid to Improve Your Trade-Mark; Even the Long-Famous Time to Re-tire Boy Has Been Modernized." The boy's three stages are pictured and reviewed. This is a rare primary source on the third and final stage. It erroneously states the year in which the original boy was created. Draft Registration Card, 1918. This corrects another error. Giffen was born on Mar 3, 1886. Printers' Ink, Dec 26, 1912 p. 78; The Poster, Nov 1913 p. 55. Earliest sources. They correctly state that the advertising icon was brought to life in 1910. Catalogue of Copyright Entries, pt. 4, vol. 5, 1911 pp. 2, 299. © Jun 1, 1910. It had not yet appeared in print.
166. ^ a b "Modernizes". Shreveport Journal, May 1, 1930 p. 3. Newspapers.com.
167. ^ Saturday Evening Post, Feb 8 p. 106; March 8 p. 76; April 5 p. 107; May 3 p. 69; May 10 p. 128; May 24 p. 61; May 31 p. 99; June 7 p. 67; June 21 p. 89; June 28 p. 87; July 5 p. 69; July 26 p. 91; Aug 23 p. 38. All thirteen issues are from 1930. Internet Archive.
168. ^ Artistic credit for the trade character is given in three of these thirteen issues. Namely: Mar 8 p. 76 (white background); Jul 26 p. 91 (purple bg); Aug 23 p. 38 (blue bg; pictured above).
169. ^ Saturday Evening Post, Mar 8, 1930 p. 77. Excerpt: "suitable for framing." Size: 11" by 14". Internet Archive.
170. ^ Books. Softcovers. Size: 5.75" x 7.25". Commons.
171. ^ "Ashtray". Antique Trader Advertising Price Guide, Husfloen, ed., 2001 p. 237. Diameter: 6.50". Ashtray2. Wayback Machine.
172. ^ Score Pad. The cover showed a portrait of George Washington by Gilbert Stuart. Size: 4" x 6.5". Commons.
173. ^ "Clock". Antique Trader Advertising Price Guide, Husfloen, ed., 2001 p. 67. They were circular in shape, with a rubber tire around the rim. Manufacturer: Telechron. Diameter: 6.25". Store display.
174. ^ Design No. 1: "The Fisk Trade Mark Boy." Design No. 2: "Elephant and Mouse." Design No. 3: "Checker Players." Design No. 4: "The Shadow." Design No. 5: "Baseball." The last four were previously published paintings by Reginald Bolles, J. F. Kernan, and Leslie Thrasher (2). Exception: Martin's "revamped agent" appears in all four of them. Wikimedia Commons.
175. ^ Striker. It showed up on the covers of Diamond Match Co. and Universal Match Corp. This included the former's "Pull Quicks." Its ten wooden sticks were ignited by quickly pulling them out. Commons.
176. ^ Poster. Titled "Coming and Going." It had a military theme and an NRA logo. Dated: 1933 or 34. Size: 28" x 39". Commons.
177. ^ The mascot and the words "Air Cushion" and "Fisk" are embossed. This was a replacement part. It came in various sizes. Comfort. Wayback Machine.
178. ^ "Special". New Oxford (Pa.) Item, Apr 13, 1933 p. 3; Apr 20, 1933 p. 2; Evening Sun (Hanover, Pa.), Apr 11, 1933 p. 7; Gazette and Daily (York, Pa.), Apr 11, 1933 p. 4. Ad: "We will give absolutely free one Fisk jig-saw puzzle with every tire sold." Times Union, May 31, 1934 p. 8. Ad: "Free to children accompanied by parents at Albany Garage."
179. ^ Fables. Waterloo (Iowa) Courier, Jul 8, 1934 p. 13. Morristown (Tenn.) Gazette and Mail, May 30, 1934 p. 3. "Just sign the coupon below and bring it to our station. The book is absolutely free!" Greenwood (Miss.) Commonwealth, Jun 8, 1934 p. 2; Belleville (Kan.) Telescope, Jun 28, 1934 p. 3; Osage County News (Pawhuska, Okla.), Oct 26, 1934 p. 7.
180. ^ Super-Service Data Book, 1933. Size: 3.75" x 6.25". 32 pp. It gives the specs on rims and tires for various car models.
181. ^ Electric Railway Journal, Feb 1930 p. 83; National Petroleum News, Feb 19, 1930 p. 120; Jun 18, 1930 p. 131; The Fleet Owner, Mar 1930 p. 25. Internet Archive. Automobile Topics, May 10, 1930 p. 4. HathiTrust. Boys' Life, May 1932 p. 43; Jun 1932 p. 53; Jul 1932 p. 45; Sep 1933 p. 28; "All the World" (I.A.). Dec 1933 p. 42; Apr 1934 p. 28; May 1934 p. 30; Jun 1934 p. 42; Dec 1934 p. 55; The American Boy, Sep 1933 p. 32; Dec 1933. These are ads for bike tires.
182. ^ Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Apr 10, 1930 p. 10; Apr 17, 1930 p. 15; The New York Sun, Apr 17, 1930 p. 45; May 1, 1930 p. 45; Bismarck (N.D.) Tribune, May 31, 1930 p. 3; The Newark (N.Y.) Courier, Jun 12, 1930 p. 6; San Jose Evening News, Jul 11, 1930 p. 13; Binghamton (N.Y.) Press, Apr 23, 1931 p. 19; Van Nuys (Calif.) News, Aug 6, 1931 p. 7; Dansville Breeze, Jan 21, 1932 p. 3; Buffalo Courier-Express, Jan 4, 1932 p. 6; The Indianapolis Times, Jul 2, 1932 p. 9; Medina Daily Journal, May 11, 1933 p. 5; The Evening News (Harrisburg, Pa.), Jul 19, 1933 p. 16; Schenectady Gazette, May 25, 1934 p. 32; Plattsburgh Daily Press, Jul 6, 1934 p. 8. Ads by Fisk dealers [links 2, 3] sharply declined after 1930. The majority were stripped of their franchise in Nov 1930. This was due to slumping sales, made worse by the Great Depression.
183. ^ Shakeup. Federal Trade Commission v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, 304 U.S. 257, 1938 p. 443. Recorded transcript. John T. Clinton explained the rationale behind the drastic downsizing on Apr 20, 1930. He said that conducting business with underperforming dealers was no longer profitable. Two-thirds (or 20,000) had annual sales of only about $200. Google Books. Shakeup2. Wayback Machine.
184. ^ "Price Cutting". Rubber: An American Industrial History, Skrabec, 2014 p. 163. Excerpt: "Big retailers such as Sears, Montgomery Ward, Standard Oil, Western Auto Supply, and PEP Boys were getting special contracts."
185. ^ a b "Be Cautious". Printers' Ink, Jan 1, 1920 p. 70. Excerpt: "difference of opinion." A character that gradually changed might have been more accepted by the public, including retailers. Otherwise, a far more vigorous promotion campaign would have been necessary. Advertising Age, Apr 3, 1939 p. 10. Subheading: "Consumers Rebel." Nostalgia wins out.
186. ^ The Rubber Age, Jan 10, 1931 pp. 350–52 (mounting debts); Feb 10, 1932 pp. 391–92 (plan); Jun 1933 p. 124 (executives). Edward D. Levy stayed on as president. Receivership period: Jan 1931–May 1933. Internet Archive.
187. ^ Hogan Handbook; Fisk-Federal-Badger Tires, Thomas E. Hogan, Inc., 1935 pp. 35–36; The Greenville Sun, Apr 25, 1935 p. 3; The Boston Globe, May 16, 1935 p. 22; Intelligencer Journal, Jun 20, 1935 p. 11. "The sleepy yawner" did not appear in magazine ads from 1930 to 36. However, it started showing up on products and in newspaper ads in 1935. This reversal was made despite the objections of marketing experts.
188. ^ Norman Rockwell Encyclopedia, Moline, 1979 pp. 144–46, 149, 156–57, 161, 167–68, 172, 183–84 – via Internet Archive.
189. ^ St. Joseph News-Press, Jan 4, 1929 p. 19; Billings Gazette, Feb 15, 1929 p. 13; Dothan Eagle, Feb 22, 1929 p. 8. The Herald-Sun (Durham, N.C.), Feb 3, 1935 pt. 2, p. 6; Des Moines Register, Apr 11, 1935 p. 10; The Morning News (S.C.), Jun 22, 1935 p. 6; Dayton Daily News, Sep 6, 1935 p. 6; Hamilton Journal-Daily News, Dec 19, 1935 p. 11. Newspapers.com.
190. ^ "Atlantic City Exhibit". Philadelphia Inquirer, Oct 13, 1929 p. B4. Excerpt: "Martin has also specialized in children's interests." Press of Atlantic City, Oct 9, 1929 p. 2. Heading: "Poster Art Men to Hold Exhibit." Newspapers.com.
191. ^ Norman Rockwell, My Adventures as an Illustrator, 1960 p. 118; 1988 p. 95. Rockwell said that those were John Ames Mitchell's top three. Internet Archive.
192. ^ Ownership. Mrs. Martin received a letter from ed. Yanofsky. Wayback Machine.
193. ^ "Fundamentals". Parents' Magazine, Aug 1929 p. 12 (center insert). Go backward to view the cover. Artist signed (on pants). I.A.
194. ^ Girlhood. It was called The Rally through May 1920. This image later appeared on the cover of Girl Scout Equipment for 1932F and 1933S.
195. ^ Collier's (May-23). This is Martin's first consumer magazine cover.
196. ^ Collier's (Oct-25). Apple bobbing. Halloween issue. It includes a Babe Ruth article, p. 15. Accessed via HathiTrust.
197. ^ Everybody's. Playtime adventure. A rascally dog & young swim­mer are at the pond. It's signed between the hind leg and fore-edge.
198. ^ Memorial Day. Foreign Service was renamed VFW with the Jan 1951 issue. Commons. Boys' Life, May 1932 p. 52; May 1933 p. 30; May 1934 p. 44. Poster version. Internet Archive.
199. ^ Die Hausfrau (The Housewife). This image originally appeared on GB's calendars, ink blotter cards, & prints in 1931. Three titles: 1. Die Deutsche Hausfrau, 1904–18. 2. Die Hausfrau, 1919–92. 3. Das Fenster, 1992–present.
200. ^ Liberty. Its focal points are the doll carriage, homemade wagon, and license plate. The girl's curly locks were added on.
201. ^ Parents (Oct-28). Artist signed (extremely light; right shoulder). However, credit is also given on p. 2. This image also appeared on the commemorative issues of Oct 1951 & Oct 1956.
202. ^ Parents (Aug-29). Delivering pups. It's the first issue with the classic title, p. 12. Its previous names: 1. Children, the Magazine for Parents, Oct 1926–Jan 1929. 2. Children, the Parents' Mag., Feb–July 1929.
203. ^ Parents (Oct-29). The father blows up a football.
204. ^ Parents (Oct-30). Puzzled reader. Internet Archive.
205. ^ "Short Turns and Encores". Two children listen intently to an American Civil War veteran. The old soldier is reminiscing about General Sherman. HathiTrust.
206. ^ The Blanket1. Three generations. Commons. "The Blanket"2. HathiTrust.
207. ^ "The Unfairway". A couple and their caddie are on the links, p. 22\. A father & son delight in reading the headline news, p. 23.
208. ^ "Tragedy". Empathetic teacher. Grieving student. Internet Archive.
209. ^ "On the Dark Trail". Young Henry is holding a flashlight and a hatchet. Stories of To-day and Yesterday, Law, ed., 1930 (frontispiece). It's the same picture, but with the artist's full signature.
210. ^ Catalog of Copyright Entries, LOC, 1928 p. 1196. The Fall River Herald News, Oct 22, 1927 p. 11. Shown is the Nativity (or manger) scene. Fall River Public Library's digital archives.
211. ^ "Big Game" (PDF). Newsboy, Horatio Alger Society, Nov-Dec 2004 pp. 8–10. It's signed under the stick's heel on p. 9. Wayback Machine.
212. ^ Araminta, 1933. Reprinted edition. Accessed via HathiTrust.
213. ^ Church Management, William H. Leach, ed., Nov 1930 p. 188.
214. ^ Catalog of Copyright Entries, LOC, 1929 p. 1180. Every Evening (Del.), Sep 1, 1928 p. 7. Review. Newspapers.com. Search under The News Journal.
215. ^ Catalog of Copyright Entries, LOC, 1930 p. 1645. St. Louis Globe-Democrat, Nov 23, 1929 p. 16. Review. Newspapers.com.
216. ^ Readers1. Readers2. Readers3. Publisher: R. R. Bowker Co., 45th St., NYC. Bowker sold the dust jackets in bulk to bookstores. They were imprinted with the retailer's business name & address. Commons.
217. ^ New York Tribune, Dec 22, 1918 pt. 2, p. 7; Spalding's Tennis Annual, 1919 pp. 177, 181 (last line).
218. ^ Spalding's Tennis Annual, 1924 p. 97 (top 20 for '23); Spalding's, 1925 p. 92 (top 20 for '24; P-not-B). He was ranked in the teens, 1923–24. Wright & Ditson Officially Adopted Lawn Tennis Guide, 1921 p. 109 (ranked between 18 & 31).
219. ^ The New York Times, Dec 5, 1920 sec. 9, p. 2 (ranked between 18 & 31); Jan 8, 1922 sec. 9, p. 1 (top 30); Jan 14, 1923 sec. 1, pt. 2, p. 1 (top 30); Dec 11, 1923 p. 24 (top 20); Jan 25, 1925 sec. 9, p. 4 (top 20); Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Jan 25, 1925 p. D6 (t-20); Dec 27, 1925 p. C3 (t-25); Dec 9, 1928 p. C6 (t-30); The Yonkers Statesman and News, Jan 7, 1924 p. 8 (t-20).
220. ^ Otherwise, he could have made the top 30 in 1918. "Local Net". The New York Times, Nov 13, 1920 p. 12.
221. ^ New York Tribune, July 7, 1919 p. 12; Oct 15, 1922 pt. 1, p. 21; The Sun and New York Herald, Jun 29, 1920 p. 11; The New York Times, Jul 11, 1920 sec. 1, p. 17. "Stars Advance". The NY Times, Jul 23, 1921 p. 8. "Californians' Day". New York Herald, Jul 24, 1922 p. 12. The NY Times, May 29, 1923 p. 12; Jun 15, 1923 p. 17. The Scarsdale Inquirer, Oct 25, 1929 p. 3.
222. ^ "Woodmere". The Sun, Sep 8, 1919 p. 16. He won the runner-up trophy, or its equivalent. Chroni­cling America. Spalding's Lawn Tennis Annual, 1919 p. 225. The prize that year could have been a certificate or medal. Internet Archive.
223. ^ The Scarsdale Inquirer, Jul 24, 1931 p. 1 (doubles title). His last tournament win came at age 48. The Scarsdale Inquirer, Oct 16, 1931 p. 1 (singles runner-up & doubles title). Unsanctioned event. It was only open to club members. News.hrvh.org.
224. ^ "Martin Tennis Winner". The New York Times, Jul 11, 1920 sec. 1, p. 17 (lower right). Location: Scarsdale, N.Y.
225. ^ a b "Second Annual Tournament". American Lawn Tennis, Jun 15, 1921 p. 135. Excerpt: "The first leg on this cup was won in 1920 by Paul Martin."
226. ^ American Lawn Tennis, Merrihew, ed., Sep 15, 1924 p. 536 (singles & doubles titles). Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Aug 2, 1925 p. F2. Heading: "Brooklyn Guests." The reigning Lake George champion was on the tournament committee, in charge of social and sporting activities.
227. ^ The Kingston Daily Freeman, July 29, 1924 p. 12 PDF (singles & doubles titles). Panoramic. He's standing seventh from the top left. It was captured during the week of July 14, 1924. Wayback Machine.
228. ^ The Sun, June 22, 1910 p. 8. The event's headliner was World No. 1, William Larned.
229. ^ Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Apr 2, 1925 p. 2A (National Indoor doubles). Their match was played on the 7th Regiment Armory's drill floor in Manhattan.
230. ^ "Hunter Gains Place" (far-right column). New York Tribune, Jul 7, 1919 p. 12. "Defeats Three". New York Tribune, Jul 6, 1920 p. 12.
231. ^ a b "Tilden Winner" (last paragraph). New Britain Herald, Aug 28, 1924 p. 16. Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Aug 27, 1924 p. 2 (6th column, last paragraph). "[The] Australian Davis Cup captain quickly finished off his opponent, Paul Martin of New York, by taking the fourth and deciding set of their postponed match with­out the loss of a game. The Anzac had dropped a long deuce set to Martin [on] Monday, but he was invincible today." This match took place at the Nationals. Patterson went on to reach the semifinals.
232. ^ "Close Finishes". New York Tribune, May 18, 1918 p. 14. Match: Richards–Fischer vs. Martin–Mersereau. "In the second round, there was a keenly fought struggle." The New York Times, Apr 20, 1919 sec. 1, p. 21. The Sun, Jul 6, 1919 sec. 2, p. 3. Martin downed Richards by default. NY Tribune, Jun 24, 1922 p. 11. They met in the fourth round.
233. ^ a b The New York Times, June 28, 1925 sec. 10, p. 6 (Danzig's column). They clashed at the New York Athletic Club's country home. It was located on Travers Island in New Rochelle. "Big Bill" went on to win the singles (vs. Vincent Richards) and doubles titles.
234. ^ Bkyn. Daily Eagle, Apr 3, 1924 p. A2 (National Indoor doubles). It was hosted by the 7th Regt. Armory. American Lawn Tennis, Sep 1, 1924 p. 476. Martin topped 19-year-old Van Ryn 6–4, 2–6, 6–4. NY Times, Jun 13, 1925 p. 13.
235. ^ "Victor in Jersey". New York Tribune, Oct 15, 1922 pt. 1, p. 21. They squared off at the Essex County (N.J.) open. American Lawn Tennis, 1931 p. 52. The Martins beat Wagner–Calder at Lake George 3–6, 11–9, 2–0 ret.
236. ^ The Sun, Jul 30 & Aug 7, 1913 p. 9; NY Tribune, Jul 4, 1915 pt. 2, p. 4; Jul 1, 1917 pt. 2, p. 3 & Jul 2, 1917 p. 11; Jun 30, 1919 p. 12; Jul 6, 1920 p. 12; May 22, 1922 p. 9; The New York Times, Jun 23, 1923 p. 7; May 4, 1924 sec. 10, p. 6. They both played in these tournaments at Univ. Hts. "Diary". NY Tribune, Jul 2, 1919 p. 10. Franklin P. Adams wrote that Mrs. Martin served him cake, sandwiches, and tea for refreshments. She was an event volunteer. "Trophy Holder". NY Tribune, Jul 2, 1919 p. 12. Franklin and Paul formed a tandem.
237. ^ "Auto Springs Leak". New York Tribune, Oct 1, 1917 p. 13. Seven-member team. They were Behr, Clapp, Fischer, Martin, Mersereau, Richards, & Whyte [not White]. The Sun, Aug 26, 1917 sec. 2, p. 2. Boy champion.
238. ^ "Reach Fourth". New York Tribune, Jun 3, 1918 p. 13; May 18, 1918 p. 14; Mar 28, 1920 pt. 1, p. 21; Jul 14, 1921 p. 11; The Sun, May 14, 1919 p. 16; Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Jun 15, 1925 p. A2; Jun 24, 1925 p. A2; Feb 17, 1926 p. A2; May 16, 1926 p. C2; Aug 8, 1926 p. C5; Philadelphia Inquirer, Aug 13, 1928 p. 13; Syracuse American, Aug 11, 1929 p. 8.
239. ^ a b New York Tribune, Aug 31, 1920 p. 11; Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Sep 1, 1921 p. 2; The Sun, Aug 20, 1924 p. 26. Men's singles. Tilden won the event from 1920 to 25.
240. ^ Field of 64. Spalding's Tennis Annual, 1925 p. 29 (lowest right).
241. ^ Amer. Lawn Tennis, Sep 15, 1924 p. 486 (3rd column). "Upon re­sum­ing, Patterson won six games in a row, despite Martin's steady play."
242. ^ a b "Results". The Evening Star, Sep 14, 1928 p. 52; Spalding's Tennis Annual, 1929 (for '28) p. 51. He lost to Philip B. Hawk in the quarter-finals, 2–6, 6–4, 5–7. Spalding's, 1930 p. 31. Excerpt: "[Jean Adoue] engaged PM of New York in the longest and closest match of the tournament, which required forty-eight games." Spalding's, 1931 p. 27. Wright & Ditson Officially Adopted Lawn Tennis Guide, 1932 p. 13. He lasted until the third or fourth round in all four events. The minimum age was later lowered.
243. ^ New York Tribune, Jun 5, 1916 p. 14; "Semi-finals Reached". The Sun, Aug 13, 1916 sec. 2, p. 2; Sep 17, 1917 p. 11; "Heights Team Wins". The Sun and New York Herald, May 28, 1920 p. 10; "Finals Reached". The New York Times, Oct 13, 1922 p. 22. Martin belonged to the University Heights TC. That's stated in all of the above.
244. ^ The New York Times, Sep 23, 1928 sec. 11, p. 8; The Scarsdale Inquirer, June 29, 1928 p. 8; Oct 18, 1929 p. 22; Aug 15, 1930 p. 1; June 26, 1931 p. 2. It was also called the County TC of Westchester. He joined the club after moving to Millwood in August 1925.
245. ^ Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Feb 3, 1924 p. D2; May 11, 1924 pp. D1–2; Dec 14, 1924 pp. D1–2. American Lawn Tennis, Dec 15, 1924 pp. 627-629. HathiTrust. Battle Concludes. Spalding's, 1925 pp. 7, 9, 124. HathiTrust.
246. ^ "Favor". Brooklyn Daily Eagle, May 11, 1924 p. D2 (1st column, two-thirds down). Hall and Martin released a joint statement.
247. ^ The New York Times, Jun 12, 1923 p. 17. Heading: "Women to Meet." American Lawn Tennis, Jul 15, 1924 p. 249 (third line under picture). Lake George Mirror, Aug 16, 1924 p. 9; Jul 18, 1925 p. 3. The New York Times, Jun 7, 1925 sec. 10, p. 8 (4-5th columns). Martin's tournament duties included accepting entries and acting as the referee. His wife served on the committee. New York Evening Post, Jun 19, 1925 p. 14; The NY Times, Jun 19, 1925 p. 15 (2nd column). Helene Pollak Falk was a former national indoor champion. She nearly collapsed while playing in the semi-finals. Referee Paul assisted her off the court. The Post-Star, Jul 21, 1925 p. 11. NYSHistoric­Newspapers.org. American L.T., 1930 p. 166.
248. ^ "Younger Tennis Players". The Scarsdale Inquirer, Aug 20, 1926 pp. 1, 10; Aug 15, 1925 p. 9. The New York Times, Aug 30, 1926 p. 12. 14-year-old Sidney Wood won the junior title at Briarcliff.
249. ^ The New York Times, May 24, 1926 p. 17 (lower left corner). Its board meetings would often be held at the Bronxville Field Club. The Herald Statesman, Jun 15, 1934 p. 18. Heading: "South Yonkers Just Hangs On." Key: "ninth season" (1926–34).
250. ^ "Memorial Tourney". The Scarsdale Inquirer, Aug 19, 1932 p. 1 – via news.hrvh.org. Hrvh = Hudson River Valley Heritage. The Herald Statesman (Yonkers, N.Y.), Jun 28, 1935 p. 19 (PDF). Wayback Machine.
251. ^ "Season Opens". North Westchester Times–New Castle Tribune, Apr 19, 1962 p. 21; The Herald Statesman, Jul 8, 1968 p. 28; Jun 23, 1982 p. D4 (PDF); May 20, 1995 p. D8. The Paul Martin Memorial included singles (up to 2019) and doubles (up to 1981).
252. ^ "Annual County Net Tourney". The Herald Statesman, Jun 21, 1932 p. 14. Team managers decided to honor Martin. The Scarsdale Inquirer, Jun 22, 1934 pp. 1, 4; Jun 29, 1934 p. 14; Jul 10, 1936 p. 1. The main organizer was Fenimore Cady of the Mount Pleasant Tennis Club. Census of 1930. Cady lived in Mount Pleasant, N.Y.
253. ^ Display. The names are inscribed on the silver band. Commons.
254. ^ He won the trophy for finishing second in Essex County's third annual singles championship. "Finals Reached". The NY Times, Oct 13, 1922 p. 22.
255. ^ The Scarsdale Inquirer, Jul 6, 1934 pp. 1, 4 (engraved, donated). News.hrvh. The Herald Statesman, Jun 29, 1934 p. 22 (PDF). Wayback Machine.
256. ^ a b "First Round Schedule" (2 p.m.). New York Tribune, Aug 14, 1921 pt. 1, p. 19. She competed in the Nationals (US Open) at Forest Hills in 1921. The final match was between Mary Browne and Molla Mallory. This tournament featured the much-publicized American debut of Suzanne Lenglen.
257. ^ "Mr. and Mrs. Martin Win". The Sun and New York Herald, Jun 29, 1920 p. 11. Subheading: "Earn Husband and Wife Metropolitan Tennis Championship."
258. ^ "Finals Reached". The New York Times, Oct 13, 1922 p. 22 (last par­a­graph); "Marjorie Morrill Wins". Hartford Courant, July 3, 1927 p. B3 (near end). "Castle Point". Am. Lawn Tennis, Oct 15, 1920 p. 481; NY Tribune, Sep 25, 1920 p. 11. They lasted until the quarter-finals (3R) at Hoboken.
259. ^ "County Club is Victorious". The Scarsdale Inquirer, Oct 25, 1929 p. 3. Their mixed doubles win was credited to the team. "Active Season". The Scarsdale Inquirer, July 17, 1931 p. 1. Their victory came in a club tournament.
260. ^ Spalding's Tennis Annual, 1923 pp. 306, 311–14. These clubs are all listed as USLTA members, except for South Yonkers. The Yonkers Statesman, Aug 27, 1926 p. S1 (PDF). Nonetheless, 32 teams with a strong level of talent competed in doubles. Wayback Machine. Oritani FC's membership was not confirmed. But it's listed in the 1924 edition on p. 281.
261. ^ The New York Times, Jul 11, 1920 sec. 1, p. 17 (lower right). New York Tribune, Jun 25, 1920 p. 15. Heading: "80 Tennis Players Start."
262. ^ a b American Lawn Tennis, Sep 15, 1924 p. 536 (singles & doubles titles); Lake George Mirror, Aug 16, 1924 p. 9 (singles & doubles titles); Aug 15, 1925 p. 7 (doubles title, singles & mixed doubles runners-up); Jul 12, 1930 p. 3 (singles, doubles & mixed doubles runners-up); Citizen-Sentinel, Jul 16, 1931 p. 12 (singles quarter-finalist); The NY Times, Jul 19, 1931 sec. 10, p. 7 (doubles title). The Yonkers Statesman, Jul 20, 1931 p. 14 (PDF). Heading: "Bassford, Martin Win." His wife was the consolation singles runner-up. Wayback Machine. Links 2–4 are via NYSHistoricNewspapers.org.
263. ^ a b American Lawn Tennis, Sep 1, 1923 p. 404 (singles quarter-finalist & mixed doubles semi-finalist); Aug 15, 1924 p. 370 (singles & doubles titles, mixed doubles semi-finalist); The Kingston Daily Freeman, Jul 29, 1924 p. 12 (singles & doubles titles); The NY Times, Jul 18, 1925 p. 11 (singles & doubles runners-up); Long Island News and the Owl, Jul 18, 1929 p. 1 (doubles semi-finalist); The Poughkeepsie Eagle News, Jul 13, 1931 p. 10 (PDF) (doubles runner-up).
264. ^ Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Aug 16, 1915 sec. 2, p. 4. Listed are the winners in singles, doubles & consolation singles. Spalding's L. T. A., 1916 pp. 119, 313. It gives the results and defines "consolation."
265. ^ "Hammett-Martin Team Wins". New York Tribune, Jul 12, 1922 p. 13. The New York Times, Jul 23, 1921 p. 8 (singles semi-finalist); Jun 25, 1924 p. 21; Jun 28, 1925 sec. 10, p. 6 (doubles semi-finalist); Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Jun 24, 1928 p. C3 (doubles quarter-finalist); Jun 22, 1930 p. C3 (singles semi-finalist). These events were held at the Athletic Club's home away from home, on Travers Island (now a peninsula) along the LI Sound.
266. ^ The New York Times, June 3, 1925 p. 21. Heading: "Martin and Bassford Win." Subheading: "Beat Anderson and Hartmann in 'Over 39ers' Tennis Final." American Lawn Tennis, June 15, 1925 p. 142 (lower right).
267. ^ "Net Title". New York Tribune, June 29, 1920 p. 15; American Lawn Tennis, Sep 15, 1919 p. 396 (husbands-and-wives quarter-finalist); The Sun and New York Herald, June 25, 1920 p. 10 (6th column, 6R); June 29, 1920 p. 11 (husbands-and-wives title); New York Herald, June 25, 1922 sec. 4, p. 4 (doubles quarter-finalist). These are New York Tennis Club events.
268. ^ The New York Times, Sep 15, 1919 p. 13 (8th column); Sep 8, 1919 p. 10 (7th column). New York Tribune, July 17, 1920 p. 9 (singles semi-finalist); July 15, 1921 p. 11 (singles quarter-finalist).
269. ^ American Lawn Tennis, Feb 15, 1922 p. 631 (doubles semi-finalist in '21); NY Tribune, Oct 13, 1922 p. 15 (singles runner-up); Oct 15, 1922 pt. 1, p. 21 (doubles & mixed doubles quarter-finalists).
270. ^ American Lawn Tennis, Merrihew, ed., Nov 15, 1922 p. 491 (singles runner-up & doubles semi-finalist). His wife reached the singles semis.
271. ^ Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Jun 3, 1923 p. D4 & The New York Times, Jun 3, 1923 sec. 1, pt. 2, p. 4 (singles runner-up). The NY Times, Jun 2, 1923 p. 8. Martin won in the semis despite trailing 0–6, 0–3. The Yonkers Statesman and News, May 29, 1924 p. 8 (singles quarter-finalist). Amackassin hosted the Eastern New York State championships from 1920 to 24.
272. ^ New York Tribune, May 16, 1920 pt. 1, p. 21 (singles & doubles quarter-finalists). Brooklyn Daily Eagle, May 21, 1923 p. A2; The New York Times, May 21, 1923 p. 19 (singles runner-up). The Scarsdale Inquirer, Sep 9, 1932 p. 1. His wife donated the runner-up trophy to their former club in 1932. News.hrvh.org.
273. ^ American Lawn Tennis, Sep 1, 1924 p. 476. Long Island News and the Owl, Jul 24, 1924 p. 1. Kynaston downed PM 8–6, 6–4, 0–6, 6–2. Accessed via NYSHistoricNewspapers.org.
274. ^ Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Aug 3, 1924 p. D3 ("Japanese Star") & Aug 18, 1924 p. A2 (singles runner-up); The New York Times, Jul 11, 1921 p. 13 (marathon victor 4–6, 18–16, 6–3); Aug 2, 1925 sec. 9, p. 5 (1st column, singles semis).
275. ^ The New York Times, Oct 17, 1921 p. 12 (singles semi-finalist & doubles finalist). NY Tribune, Nov 12, 1921 p. 14.
276. ^ The Yonkers Statesman, Sep 20, 1926 p. 11 (PDF). Final: Osgood–Osgood topped Martin–C. R. Watkins. Wayback Machine. The Yonkers Statesman, Aug 8, 1929 p. 13 (singles quarter-finalist); Aug 8, 1930 p. 16 (singles quarter-finalist).
277. ^ The Yonkers Herald, Sep 21, 1926 p. 14. Martin and four others are pictured at the net. Accessed via Newspapers.com.
278. ^ Evening Gazette (Port Jervis, N.Y.), Aug 26, 1921 p. 8 (mixed doubles runner-up); American Lawn Tennis, Oct 15, 1921 p. 463 (singles semi-finalist & doubles runner-up). It ran from August 16 to 20.
279. ^ The Scarsdale Inquirer, Oct 5, 1928 p. 5. He reached the singles semis, with no further results printed. The Scarsdale Inquirer, Oct 18, 1929 p. 22 (singles title); Jul 17, 1931 p. 1 (mixed doubles title); Oct 16, 1931 p. 1 (singles runner-up & second straight doubles title); Aug 26, 1932 p. 1. He was a top-ranked player of the CC. He won several doubles championships (with various partners) and frequently appeared in the finals. The results of club tourneys were usually not reported. Hence, most of them are lost to history.
280. ^ Lake George was a popular resort in the Adirondacks. "Advances". Boston Daily Globe, Aug 20, 1930 p. 15. Squirrel Island was only reachable by ferry. They both won their opener. New York Herald Tribune, Jul 19, 1931 sec. 7, p. 16. Excerpt: "[The Martins] have been on a fortnight's vacation at Lake Mohonk and other resorts." Server Paul. He's posing in front of a two-story lodging house. Wayback Machine.
281. ^ The New York Times, May 8, 1924 p. 13; American Lawn Tennis, Jul 5, 1928 p. 216. Game action. Internet Archive & HathiTrust.
282. ^ New York Tribune, Jul 6, 1915 p. 15; Jul 2, 1917 p. 11; Jul 4, 1918 p. 12; Jul 3, 1919 p. 10; Jul 6, 1920 p. 12; May 23, 1922 p. 13; The Sun and New York Press, Jul 5, 1916 p. 13; New York Evening Post, Apr 5, 1922 p. 15 (cmte.); Apr 25, 1924 p. 16 (cmte.); Apr 22, 1926 p. 15 (cmte.); Jun 9, 1928 p. 16; New York Herald Tribune, May 9, 1927 p. 17; The NY Times, Apr 11, 1921 p. 13 (cmte.); Apr 18, 1923 p. 19 (cmte.); May 9, 1923 p. 16; May 13, 1925 p. 19; Bklyn. Daily Eagle, May 11, 1924 p. D2; Sep 25, 1929 p. 28.
283. ^ "Chambers on Winning Team". The Sun, Aug 7, 1913 p. 9; New York Tribune, Jul 12, 1915 p. 13; Jul 2, 1919 p. 12; May 3, 1920 p. 11; May 2, 1921 p. 11; The Sun and New York Press, Jul 5, 1916 p. 13. Its courts overlooked the Harlem River. He nearly reached the trophy round in 1913.
284. ^ New York Evening Post, Apr 5, 1922 p. 8. "Drives Over the Tennis Net." Excerpt: "We have decided to cut out the doubles." Fulton History.
285. ^ The NY Times, Jun 23, 1923 p. 7; Jun 27, 1924 p. 22. Brand-new division.
286. ^ Invitation. The Martins moved to the Bronx after their marriage on Sep 27, 1912. The Sun, Aug 7, 1913 p. 9. He first entered a University Heights tourney in 1913. New York Tribune, Jun 5, 1916 p. 14 (2nd column, 4th heading); Oct 20, 1919 p. 13. The New York Times, Sep 21, 1925 p. 24. He was associated with the club many times in print, between 1916 and 1925. New York Evening Post, Apr 22, 1926 p. 15. Martin was a non-playing committee member. That detail helped confirm the year 1926. NYSHistoricNewspapers.org.
287. ^ The Yonkers Statesman, Sep 20, 1926 p. 11; The Yonkers Herald, Sep 21, 1926 p. 14; Jun 13, 1927 p. 12; The Scarsdale Inquirer, Jun 29, 1928 p. 8; Jun 26, 1931 p. 2. He joined the County TC sometime after moving to Millwood in Aug 1925. He was associated with the club many times in print, between 1926 and 1931. Link: news.hrvh.org.
288. ^ The Sun, Aug 26, 1914 p. 8. She was runner-up in mixed doubles at Merriewood. "Starts Well". The New York Times, Jul 10, 1919 p. 17; New York Tribune, Sep 23, 1921 p. 15. Marie Wagner won with ease. NY Tribune, Mar 17, 1920 p. 13; Mar 18, 1920 p. 13. Mrs. Martin teamed up with schoolgirl Ceres Baker (Commons) at the 7th Regiment Armory. The Yonkers Statesman, Jul 20, 1931 p. 14. Lauretta was the consolation singles runner-up at Lake George.

## External links

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Paul Martin (illustrator).

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*[M. E.]: Methodist Episcopal
*[USLTA]: United States Lawn Tennis Association
*[No.]: Number
*[PHJ]: People's Home Journal
*[dj]: dust jacket
*[fp]: frontispiece
*[N.Y.]: New York
*[Nationals]: U.S. National Championships
*[ref.]: reference
*[1R]: First Round
*[CC]: County Club
*[TC]: Tennis Club
*[L.I., N.Y.]: Long Island, New York
*[N.J.]: New Jersey
*[Conn.]: Connecticut
*[Pa.]: Pennsylvania
*[SF]: San Francisco
*[disc.]: discontinued
*[FC]: Field Club
*[PM's]: Paul Martin's
*[Univ. Hts.]: University Heights
*[I.A.]: Internet Archive
*[rep]: representative
*[Sec-Treas]: Secretary-Treasure
*[w/o]: without
*[I. A.]: Internet Archive
*[ed.]: editor
*[AAA]: American Art Annual
*[1–2R]: First and Second Rounds
*[A–W–E (L to R)]: Adele–Walter Jr.–Edna (left to right)
*[Citz.-Sen.]: Citizen-Sentinel
*[B'way]: Broadway
*[pt.]: part
*[Penna.]: Pennsylvania
*[Post]: Saturday Evening Post
*[F]: Fall
*[S]: Spring
*[TYS]: The Yonkers Statesman
*[Mag.]: Magazine
*[bg]: background
*[GB's]: Gerlach Barklow's
*[LOC]: Library of Congress
*['23]: 1923
*[t-20]: top 20
*[Univ. Hts]: University Heights
*[PM]: Paul Martin
*[L.T.]: Lawn Tennis
*[Am.]: American
*[3R]: Third Round
*[L. T. A.]: Lawn Tennis Annual
*[(cmte.)]: committee