Pentecostal Assemblies of Canada

Pentecostal Christian denomination

The Pentecostal Assemblies of Canada

Classification| Protestant
Orientation| Pentecostal, Evangelical
Theology| Finished Work Pentecostalism
Associations| Evangelical Fellowship of Canada, World Assemblies of God Fellowship, Pentecostal/Charismatic Churches of North America
Region| Canada
Headquarters| Mississauga, Ontario
Origin| 1919
Separations| Apostolic Church of Pentecost 1921
Congregations| 1,047
Members| 271,893
Seminaries| 8
Official website| www.paoc.org

The Pentecostal Assemblies of Canada (PAOC) (French: Les Assemblées de la Pentecôte du Canada) is a Finished Work Pentecostal denomination of Christianity and the largest evangelical church in Canada.[1][2] Its headquarters is located in Mississauga, Ontario. The PAOC is theologically evangelical and Pentecostal, emphasizing the baptism with the Holy Spirit with the evidence of speaking in tongues. It historically has had strong connections with the Assemblies of God in the United States. It is affiliated with the Evangelical Fellowship of Canada and the World Assemblies of God Fellowship.

## History

[edit]

### Early history (1906-1925)

[edit]

The association has its origins in the adoption of Pentecostal beliefs by various churches in the Ottawa Valley (Ontario), notably through the preaching of Canadian Methodist pastor Robert McAllister who visited the Azusa Street Revival of 1906. [3][4] A majority of Pentecostals were found in the prairie provinces due in part to the large numbers of United States immigrants who brought their faith with them. Because of these influences, Canadian Pentecostals maintained close ties to their American counterparts.[5] A 1909 attempt to organize the Pentecostal Movement in the East failed because of opposition against institutionalization. In 1918, however, a decision was made to form the Pentecostal Assemblies of Canada. The association was officially founded in 1919 by 33 churches. [6] At the time, the PAOC adhered to the non-Trinitarian Oneness doctrine and there were plans to join the Pentecostal Assemblies of the World (PAW), another Oneness Pentecostal denomination based in the U.S. However, those plans never materialized, and the Canadian body remained an independent organization with no formal US ties. Around the same time that eastern Pentecostals were creating the PAOC, Pentecostals in Saskatchewan and Alberta were joining the US based Assemblies of God instead.[5] In 1920, the PAOC chose to affiliate with the Assemblies of God. [7] Pentecostals in the West were incorporated into the PAOC, which continued to function as a distinct sub-division of the Assemblies of God. As a result, the PAOC united most Canadian Pentecostals in one denomination. The Assemblies of God, however, was a Trinitarian fellowship, and the PAOC was required to repudiate the Oneness doctrine and embrace the doctrine of the Trinity. This action resulted in the first major split within Canadian Pentecostalism and the creation of the Apostolic Church of Pentecost in 1921 by former PAOC members.[5] For the next five years, the PAOC experienced growth. It began a national paper, The Pentecostal Testimony, in 1920 and established a centralized overseas missionary policy for improved effectiveness. In 1925, the PAOC asked to be released from the Assemblies of God over differences in missionary vision. This was granted and was an amiable parting, and the two groups have continued to maintain close ties.[5]

### Growth (1926-1974)

[edit]

As the movement expanded, the Pentecostal Assemblies of Canada began to include members from across Canadian society, and larger congregations resulted. For example, in 1928 Calvary Temple in Winnipeg, Manitoba, bought the First Baptist Church which seated 1,500 people, a very large church by Canadian standards even today. In 1925, the PAOC opened Bethel Bible Institute (Now known as Horizon College & Seminary, which later moved to Saskatoon, Saskatchewan ) in Winnipeg, Manitoba, which was the first of several Pentecostal institutions dedicated to theological education. As time went on, the PAOC established a stronger financial base allowing for the construction of new buildings. Notably, Central Tabernacle in Edmonton, Alberta, (has been demolished, and moved to their new location, now North Pointe, in the north end of the city) was built in 1972 which accommodations for 1,800 and Winnipeg's Calvary Temple completed a new 2,500 seat church building in 1974.

### Recent history (1979-present)

[edit]

Facing the same challenge of many Canadian churches in the latter years of the 20th century, the PAOC worked hard to continue its growth. Under the leadership of General Superintendent James MacKnight (1983-1996), 102 additional churches were added to the PAOC. A greater emphasis on international missions work since that time has led to growth overseas. According to Statistics Canada, Pentecostal growth has varied (statistics Canada does not collect data specific to the PAOC, but as by far the largest Pentecostal group in Canada, it is likely to reflect the statistics regarding Canadian Pentecostals). The 1991 census showed a 29% increase.[8] Between 1991 and 2001, the census reported a 15% decline to 369,480 adherents[9] (Extrapolating the percentage growth indicates approximately 435,000 +/-2,500 adherents in 1991). While self-reported statistics from the PAOC show plateaued growth, the 2011 census indicates 478,705 adherents[10] \- a 29% increase over 2001, and 10% increase over 1991 census data. The Evangelical Fellowship of Canada has pointed out that changes to choices available on census forms over the years brings into question the accuracy and usefulness of Statistics Canada data on evangelical denominations,[11] so it is likely PAOC data is a more accurate measure. The PAOC had "fewer than 225,000 members and adherents as of 1994".[12] According to a census of the association of churches in 2022, it would have 1,047 churches and 271,893 members. [13]

## Beliefs

[edit]

See also: Assemblies of God Statement of Fundamental Truths

The central beliefs of the Pentecostal Assemblies are summarized in its Statement of Fundamental and Essential Truths.[14] The statement is consistent with general evangelical and Pentecostal beliefs. The Pentecostal Assemblies, as stated in the Fundamental and Essential Truths, believe the Bible is the "all-sufficient source of faith and practice" and the "complete revelation and very Word of God inspired by the Holy Spirit". It subscribes to the doctrine of the Trinity, believing that God exists as three persons: the Father, the Son who is Jesus Christ, and the Holy Spirit. The Pentecostal Assemblies believes that salvation has been provided for all humanity through the atonement of Christ upon the cross, and this was proven by his resurrection from the dead. Those who have faith in Christ and repent are born again of the Holy Spirit and receive eternal life. The person who repents and has faith in Christ is justified, not because of the believer's own merit but solely because the believer has accepted Christ as savior.[15] The Pentecostal Assemblies teach that the sanctification of a believer is both instantaneous and progressive. The believer is sanctified as the Holy Spirit teaches the believer through the Word of God and produces within the believer the character of Christ. Consistent with Pentecostal theology, the denomination teaches that Christians should seek the baptism with the Holy Spirit, which is an experience distinct from and subsequent to the new birth. With this experience comes a more intimate knowledge of Christ and an empowerment to witness and to grow spiritually. The initial evidence of receiving the baptism with the Holy Spirit is speaking in other tongues. Through spiritual gifts believers can minister effectively by both building up the church and demonstrating the presence of God within the church. The Pentecostal Assemblies believes that divine healing is provided within Christ's atonement, and prayer for the sick and gifts of healing are encouraged.[16] The denomination teaches that the universal church is the Body of Christ and includes as members all who have been born again. Local churches observe two ordinances: the Lord's Supper and water baptism by immersion. The PAOC believes in a dispensationalist and premillennialist eschatology which includes the pre-Tribulation rapture of the church and the Second Coming of Christ.[17] The Pentecostal Assemblies believe that marriage is a lifelong union between one man and one woman. The marriage vow can only be broken by "marital unfaithfulness involving adultery, homosexuality, or incest". Even in those circumstances, however, the PAOC believes reconciliation is the desired option, and it discourages divorce for all other reasons. It views remarriage as acceptable in the event of a former spouse's death, in cases where the former spouse committed marital unfaithfulness, or if the former spouse has remarried.[18] PAOC members are encouraged to tithe.[19]

## Structure

[edit]

### Local churches

[edit]

The Pentecostal Assemblies of Canada is organized as a "cooperative fellowship".[20] At the local level, Pentecostal Assemblies adhere to congregational polity. Congregations appoint pastors, elect governing boards, and manage their own local affairs.[21]

### Districts and branches

[edit]

Local churches are organized into geographical middle judicatories called districts. A district is governed by a biennial conference, a representative body composed of credential holders with voting privileges and local church delegates. Districts examine and recommend credentials for ministers and elect their own officers. District executives have oversight over all activities of the PAOC within district borders. A branch is a non-geographical administrative unit equivalent to a district; however, a branch's activities are confined to certain ethnic or language groups.[22]

## District Offices

[edit]

* British Columbia & Yukon District
* Alberta & Northwest Territories District
* Saskatchewan District
* Manitoba & Northwestern Ontario District
* Western Ontario District
* Eastern Ontario & Nunavut District
* Quebec District
* Maritime District[23]

### General Conference

[edit]

The governing body of the Pentecostal Assemblies of Canada is the General Conference which meets regularly every two years. It includes all ordained ministers, other credential holders, credentialed missionaries, and some ex officio members serving in official capacities.[24] Each local church is entitled to appoint one lay delegate to the General Conference, and churches with more than 200 members are entitled to send one additional lay delegate per every 100 members.[25] The General Executive consists of the Executive Officers, district superintendents, the regional directors of international missions program, five additional credential holders elected by the General Conference, and three lay persons elected by the General Conference. The executive officers include the general superintendent, the assistant general superintendent for fellowship services, and the assistant general superintendent for international missions, all of which are elected by the General Conference.[26]

### General Superintendents

[edit]

* George A. Chambers (1919-1920)
* Hugh M. Cadwalder (1920-1923)
* George A. Chambers (1924-1934)
* James Swanson (1935-1936)
* Daniel N. Buntain (1937-1944)
* Campbell B. Smith (1945-1952)
* Walter E. McAlister (1953-1962)
* Tom Johnstone (1963-1968)
* Robert W. Taitinger (1969-1982)
* James M. MacKnight (1983-1996)
* William D. Morrow (1997-2008)
* David R. Wells (2008-)

## Education

[edit]

It has 8 Bible colleges. [27]

* Summit Pacific College, Abbotsford, British Columbia which includes a Graduate School, formerly a separate institution named Canadian Pentecostal Seminary.
* Pentecostal Sub-Arctic Leadership Training (S.A.L.T.) College, Fort Smith, Northwest Territories, Northwest Territories
* Vanguard College, Edmonton, Alberta
* Horizon College and Seminary, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
* Master's College and Seminary, Peterborough, Ontario
* Aboriginal Bible Academy, Deseronto, Ontario
* Global University Canada, Toronto, Ontario
* Quebec Bible Institute, Longueuil, Quebec

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Wycliffe, PAOC Sign Partnership Agreement" Archived 2012-03-30 at the Wayback Machine, Wycliffe Bible Translators of Canada, May 29, 2008. Accessed August 17, 2011.
2. ^ Krysia P. Lear, "All in the Family" Archived 2011-09-27 at the Wayback Machine, Faith Today (May/June 1995). Accessed August 17, 2011.
3. ^ Randall Herbert Balmer, Encyclopedia of Evangelicalism: Revised and expanded edition, Baylor University Press, USA, 2004, p. 431
4. ^ Michael Wilkinson, Peter Althouse, Winds from the North: Canadian Contributions to the Pentecostal Movement, BRILL, Leiden, 2010, p. 158-159
5. ^ a b c d "The Pentecostal Assemblies of Canada". The New International Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements. Rev. ed. Edited by Stanley M. Burgess and Eduard M. van der Mass. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan, 2003. Kindle edition.
6. ^ Adam Stewart, The New Canadian Pentecostals, Wilfrid Laurier University Press, Canada, 2015, p. 29
7. ^ Michael A. Tapper, Canadian Pentecostals, the Trinity, and Contemporary Worship Music: The Things We Sing, BRILL, Leiden, 2017, p. 30
8. ^ "Welcome to Statistics Canada".
9. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (8 May 2013). "ARCHIVED - PDF document" (PDF). www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 1 August 2023.
10. ^ "National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011". 8 May 2013.
11. ^ Evangelicals Canadian Census EFC
12. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-01-29. Retrieved 2016-01-22.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
13. ^ PAOC, 2022 FELLOWSHIP STATISTICS, paoc.org, Canada, 2023
14. ^ Pentecostal Assemblies of Canada, What We Believe Archived 2008-05-12 at the Wayback Machine, accessed June 14, 2011.
15. ^ Statement of Fundamental and Essential Truths, 5.1-5.5.
16. ^ Statement of Fundamental and Essential Truths, 5.6.
17. ^ Statement of Fundamental and Essential Truths, 5.7-5.8.
18. ^ Statement of Fundamental and Essential Truths, 5.9.1-5.9.3.
19. ^ Statement of Fundamental and Essential Truths, 5.9.4.
20. ^ Pentecostal Assemblies of Canada, General Constitution and By-laws Archived 2012-03-26 at the Wayback Machine, 2010. Constitution, Article 3, p. 2.
21. ^ Constitution, Article 12, p. 9.
22. ^ Constitution, Articles 10-11, p. 8-9.
23. ^ "District Offices". www.paoc.org. Retrieved 2024-02-03.
24. ^ Constitution, Articles 7-8, p. 8.
25. ^ By-law 3.1.2, p. 11.
26. ^ Constitution, Article 9, p. 8.
27. ^ PAOC, BIBLE COLLEGES & SEMINARIES, paoc.org, Canada, retrieved November 2, 2023

## Further reading

[edit]

* Miller, Thomas William (1994). Canadian Pentecostals: A History of the Pentecostal Assemblies of Canada. Mississauga, Ontario: Full Gospel Publishing House. ISBN 1-895168-35-X.
* Rudd, Douglas (2002). When the Spirit Came Upon Them: Highlights from the Early Years of the Pentecostal Movement in Canada. Mississauga, Ontario: Full Gospel Publishing House. ISBN 1-894325-24-9.

## External links

[edit]

* Official website

* v
* t
* e

World Assemblies of God Fellowship

* Megachurches
* National Fellowships
* People
* Schools

Africa|

* Angola
* Benin
* Botswana
* Burkina Faso
* Cameroon
* Cameroon (Full Gospel)
* Canary Islands
* Cape Verde
* Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kinshasa)
* Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kisangani)
* Equatorial Guinea
* Ethiopia
* Gabon
* Ghana
* Guinea (Conakry)
* Ivory Coast
* Kenya
* Kenya (Pentecostal)
* Lesotho
* Liberia
* Madagascar
* Malawi
* Malawi (Pentecostal)
* Mauritius
* Mozambique
* Namibia
* Niger
* Nigeria
* Reunion Islands
* Rwanda
* Senegal
* Sierra Leone
* South Africa
* South Africa (International)
* Swaziland
* Tanzania
* Togo
* Uganda
* Zambia
* Zambia (Pentecostal)
* Zimbabwe
* Zimbabwe (Pentecostal)

Asia|

* Cambodia
* Georgia
* Hong Kong (Ecclesia)
* Hong Kong (Mission Council)
* India
* Indonesia
* Japan
* Philippines
* South Korea
* South Korea (GwangHwaMun)
* South Korea (Jesus Assemblies)
* Malaysia
* Singapore
* Taiwan
* Thailand

Europe|

* Albania
* Austria
* Belarus
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* France (CCINE)
* Georgia
* Germany
* Great Britain
* Greece
* Hungary
* Ireland
* Italia
* Kosovo
* Lithuania
* Malta
* Moldova
* Montenegro
* Netherlands
* North Macedonia (Christian Center)
* North Macedonia (Evangelical Church)
* Norway
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Serbia
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Switzerland
* Ukraine

North America|

* Canada (former Italian Pentecostal Church of Canada)
* Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador)
* Canada
* United States

Latin America|

* Argentina
* Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao
* Bahamas
* Belize
* Bolivia
* Brazil
* Chile
* Colombia
* Costa Rica
* Dominican Republic
* Ecuador
* El Salvador
* Guatemala
* Guyana
* Haiti
* Honduras
* Jamaica
* Martinique
* Mexico
* Nicaragua
* Panama
* Paraguay
* Peru
* Suriname
* Uruguay
* Venezuela
* West Indies

Oceania|

* Australia
* Fiji
* French Polynesia
* Guam
* Kiribati
* Micronesia
* Nauru
* New Caledonia
* New Zealand
* Northern Marianas and Palau Islands
* Papua New Guinea
* Samoa
* Solomon Islands
* Tonga
* Vanuatu

* v
* t
* e

Pentecostal World Fellowship (PWF)

Africa|

* Egypt
* Ethiopia
* Ghana (AOG)
* Ghana (COP)
* Ghana (UDOLGC)
* Liberia
* Namibia
* Nigeria (AOG)
* Nigeria (Sword of the Spirit)
* Sierra Leone
* South Africa (AFMI)
* South Africa (AOG)
* South Africa (Grace Bible Church)
* Tanzania
* Togo
* Uganda

Asia|

* Bangladesh
* Bangladesh (Pentecostal)
* Hong Kong (Mission Council)
* Hong Kong (PHC)
* India (AOG)
* India (Fellowship)
* India (Assemblies)
* India (Manna Ministries)
* Indonesia (Bethany)
* Indonesia (Bethel)
* Japan
* Malaysia (AOG)
* Malaysia (Calvary)
* Pakistan (AOG)
* Pakistan (Bethel)
* Philippines (AOG)
* Philippines (Cathedral of Praise)
* Philippines (Foursquare)
* Philippines (Jireh)
* Singapore (Alliance)
* Singapore (AOG)
* South Korea

Europe|

* Pentecostal European Fellowship
* Estonia
* Finland
* Great Britain
* Hungary
* Italy
* Lithuania
* Netherlands
* Romania
* Sweden
* Ukraine (Missionary Church)
* Ukraine (Victory)

North America|

| Canada|

* ACOP
* FGCC
* MNC
* PAOC
* PAONL
* PHCC
* IAOGI

|

United States|

* AOG
* CGIOA
* Church of God
* COGIC
* COGOP
* Empowered21 / Oral Roberts University
* FGBCFI
* GCOR
* Foursquare
* IPHC
* PCG
* SSCCOGIC

Latin America|

* Argentina
* Brazil (AOG)
* Brazil (Wesleyan)
* Haiti

Oceania|

* Australia (ACC)
* Australia (CRC)
* Samoa

* v
* t
* e

Christianity in Canada

* Canadian Council of Churches
* Evangelical Fellowship of Canada

Eastern Christianity

| Eastern Orthodox
(Main article)|

| Eastern Orthodox Church|

| Constantinople|

* American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese
* Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Canada
* Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada

|

Antiochian|

* Archdiocese of North America

Bulgarian|

* Diocese of the USA, Canada and Australia

Serbian|

* Eparchy of Canada

Russian|

* Outside of Russia
* Patriarchial Parishes in Canada

Romanian|

* Metropolis of the Americas

Macedonian|

* Diocese of America and Canada

American|

* Orthodox Church in America
* Romanian Diocese

True Orthodox|

* Autonomous Orthodox Metropolia of North and South America and the British Isles
* Holy Orthodox Church in North America

Independent|

* American World Patriarchs
* Autocephalous Greek Orthodox Church of America and Australia
* Belarusian Autocephalous Orthodox Church

Oriental Orthodox
(Main article)|

| Alexandria|

* Coptic Orthodox Church in Canada

|

Armenian|

| Etchmiadzin|

* Armenian Diocese of Canada

|

Cilicia|

* Armenian Prelacy of Canada

Syriac|

| Antioch|

* Jacobite Malankara Archdiocese of North America

|

Malankara|

* Malankara Orthodox Diocese of Northeast America

Eastern Catholic|

| Armenian|

* Armenian Catholic Church

|

Alexandrian|

* Coptic Catholic Church

Byzantine|

* Melkite Greek Catholic Church
* Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church

East Syriac|

* Chaldean Catholic Church
* Syro-Malabar Church

West Syriac|

* Maronite Church
* Syriac Catholic Church
* Syro-Malankara Catholic Church

Eastern Protestant|

* Mar Thoma Syrian Church

Western Christianity

| Catholic|

| Latin Church|

* Anglican Catholic Ordinariate
* Roman Catholic Church

|

Old Catholic[a]|

* Polish National Catholic Church

Proto-Protestant|

| Hussite|

* Moravian Church in North America

|

Protestant
(Main article)|

| United|

* Evangelical Missionary Church[b]
* United Church of Canada

|

Lutheran|

* Canadian Association of Lutheran Congregations
* Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada
* Lutheran Church – Canada[b]
* Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod (English and SELC Districts)
* North American Lutheran Church

Calvinist|

| Continental
Reformed|

* Canadian and American Reformed Churches
* Christian Reformed Church in North America[b]
* Free Reformed Churches of North America
* Heritage Reformed Congregations
* Netherlands Reformed Congregations
* Reformed Church in America[b]
* Reformed Congregations in North America
* United Reformed Churches in North America

|

Presbyterian|

* Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church
* L'Église réformée du Québec (Reformed Church of Quebec)[b]
* Free Presbyterian Church of North America
* Orthodox Presbyterian Church
* Presbyterian Church in America
* Presbyterian Church in Canada[c]
* Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America

Congregationalist|

* Congregational Christian Churches in Canada[b]

Anglican|

| Communion|

* Anglican Church of Canada[c]

|

Continuing|

* Anglican Catholic Church of Canada[b]

Realignment|

* Anglican Church in North America[b]

Anabaptist|

* Brethren in Christ Church[b]
* Canadian Conference of Mennonite Brethren Churches[b]
* Evangelical Mennonite Conference[b]
* Evangelical Mennonite Mission Conference[b]
* Fellowship of Evangelical Bible Churches[b]
* Mennonite Church Canada[b]
* The United Brethren Church In Canada[b]

Radical Pietism|

* Evangelical Covenant Church[b]
* Evangelical Free Church of Canada[b]

Baptist
(Main article)|

| General|

* Baptist General Conference of Canada[b]
* Canadian Baptist Ministries[b]
* Canadian Baptists of Ontario and Quebec
* Canadian Baptists of Western Canada
* Canadian Baptists of Atlantic Canada
* Union of French Baptist Churches of Canada
* Canadian National Baptist Convention[b]
* Primitive Baptist Conference of New Brunswick, Maine and Nova Scotia
* The Fellowship of Evangelical Baptist Churches in Canada[b]
* Landmark Missionary Baptist Association of Quebec
* North American Baptist Conference
* Ukrainian Evangelical Baptist Convention of Canada

|

Reformed|

* Sovereign Grace Fellowship of Canada

Regular|

* Covenanted Baptist Church of Canada

Methodist|

* British Methodist Episcopal Church
* Church of the Nazarene[b]
* Free Methodist Church in Canada[b]
* Salvation Army[b]
* Wesleyan Church[b]

Pentecostal|

| Trinitarian|

* Apostolic Church of Pentecost
* Canadian Assemblies of God[b]
* Christian Ministers' Association
* Church of God Canada[b]
* French World Christian Fellowship
* Independent Assemblies of God, International[b]
* International Fellowship of Christian Assemblies
* Pentecostal Assemblies of Canada[b]
* Pentecostal Assemblies of Newfoundland and Labrador[b]
* The Foursquare Church[b]
* The Pentecostal Holiness Church of Canada[b]

|

Oneness|

* United Pentecostal Church International

Charismatic|

* Evangelical Orthodox Church
* Vineyard Canada[b]

Higher Life|

* The Christian and Missionary Alliance in Canada[b]

Other|

* Associated Gospel Churches of Canada[b]

Restorationism|

| Stone–Campbell|

* Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)
* Evangelical Christian Church in Canada

|

Mormonism|

* Church of Jesus Christ Restored
* The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Canada

Unitarian|

* Canadian Unitarian Council

1. ^ Not in communion with the rest of the Catholic Church, part of the Union of Scranton
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai Part of the Evangelical Fellowship of Canada
3. ^ a b Observer member of the Evangelical Fellowship of Canada

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF

National|

* United States

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template