Pepes

Indonesian traditional banana leaf dish

Pepes

Carp fish pepes

Alternative names| Pais (Sundanese)
Course| Main course
Place of origin| Indonesia[1]
Region or state| Nationwide
Serving temperature| Hot or room temperature
Main ingredients| Various ingredients (fish, meat, mushroom, tofu or oncom) spiced and cooked in a banana leaf
Variations| Buntil, Botok, Otak-otak

*   Media: Pepes

Pepes is an Indonesian cooking method using banana leaves as food wrappings. The banana-leaf package containing food is secured with lidi seumat (a small nail made from the central ribs of coconut leaves) and then steamed or grilled on charcoal.[1] This cooking technique allows the rich spice mixture to be compressed against the main ingredients inside the individual banana-leaf package while being cooked and also adds a distinct aroma of cooked or burned banana leaves. Although being cooked simultaneously with food, the banana leaf is a non-edible material and is discarded after consuming the food.

## Etymology

[edit]

The cooking technique employing banana leaf as the wrapper is widely distributed throughout Indonesia and it is known by many names in several regional languages: pais in Sundanese, brengkesan in Javanese, brengkes in Palembang, pelasan in Javanese-Osing, palai in Minangkabau, and payeh in Acehnese. The common Indonesian name pepes was derived from the Sundanese word papais; the plural form of pais in Sundanese language. Because its popularity was first contributed through the Sundanese cuisine, today pepes is often associated with Sundanese cuisine.[2]

## Variations

[edit]

Brengkes tempoyak iwak lais served in a traditional restaurant in Palembang. Brengkes is Palembang Malay term for pepes.

This technique is most commonly used to prepare fish. In West Java, ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio) is the most popular fish to be cooked as pepes.[3] In Palembang, patin (Pangasius sutchi) and lais (Kryptopterus cryptopterus) are the most common fish to be used, while in West Sumatra, people use bilih fish (Mystacoleucus padangensis).

However, fish is not the only ingredient to be made for pepes. Seafood, meat, chicken, tofu, tempeh, oncom, mushroom, or vegetables are also available to be prepared in this method. There are many variations of pepes recipes. Other kinds of seafood, such as shrimp and squid, although less common, can be used in pepes. Non-fish meat, such as chicken and minced beef mixed with egg can also be used. In Palembang, the dish pepes tempoyak is well known, which is a steamed fermented durian paste in a banana leaf container.[4] Rather exotic and unusual meat might also be cooked as pepes; for example, swikee variations, frog legs, and frog eggs might be prepared as pepes. The method is used in several Indonesian dishes, and also become the name of a dish prepared in this manner, for example:

1. Pepes ikan mas (carp pepes)
2. Pepes daging (minced beef pepes)
3. Pepes ayam (chicken pepes)
4. Pepes tahu (tofu pepes)
5. Pepes oncom (oncom pepes)
6. Pepes teri (anchovy pepes)
7. Pepes jamur (mushroom pepes)
8. Pepes kodok (boneless frog legs pepes)
9. Pepes telur kodok (frog eggs pepes)
10. Pepes tempoyak (fermented durian paste pepes)

Pepes products are typically consumed with steamed rice. Otak-otak is similar to pepes, it is a mixture of fish and tapioca flour with spices wrapped in banana leaf. The vegetables with shredded coconut pepes are called Botok. Buntil is prepared similarly, but uses papaya or cassava leaves instead of banana leaves, making the wrapping edible as part of the dish. A similar Malaysian dish employing banana leaves is called Sata.

## Preparation

[edit]

Pepes is made by mixing descaled and gutted fish or any type of food with a mixture of spices including salt, chilli, shallots, garlic, turmeric, ginger, lemongrass, curry leaf, candlenut, tamarind, tomato, and lemon basil all wrapped in a banana leaf. Sundanese cuisine recognizes two types of pepes: the regular or “plain” variety and yellow pepes, which are cooked with turmeric.[2] The leaf is wrapped tight and secured with a stick at each ends, then steamed or grilled. To make soft-boned fish pepes, the method using pressure cooker or prolonged cooking time is employed.

## Gallery

[edit]

* Palai bada, a Minang version of fish pepes

* Minced beef pepes

* Pepes oncom

* Mushroom pepes

* Frog eggs and frog legs pepes

## See also

[edit]

* Food portal
* Indonesia portal

* Arem-arem
* Botok
* Bobotie
* Buntil
* Conkies
* Fish amok
* Humitas
* Ketupat
* Lemper
* Lepet
* Lontong
* List of stuffed dishes
* Nagasari
* Sata
* Suman
* Tamale
* Zongzi

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b Silvita Agmasari (30 June 2017). "Pepes Kesukaan Obama, Teknik Memasak Kuno Dunia". Kompas.com (in Indonesian).
2. ^ a b Kurniasari, Triwik (25 September 2011). "All about Sundanese dishes". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 2011-10-29.
3. ^ Brissenden, Rosemary (2007). Southeast Asian Food, Classic and modern dishes from Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. Periplus. p. 131\. ISBN 978-0794604882. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
4. ^ Tifa Asrianti (25 February 2012). "Farah Quinn: Scene & Heard: The Comfort Food Zone". The Jakarta Post.

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Indonesian cuisine

Dishes|

| Common
Indonesian
dishes|

* Abon
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|

Acehnese|

* Ayam Tangkap
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Arab|

* Asida
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Balinese|

* Babi guling
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Banjarese|

* Bingka
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Bantenese|

* Angeun Lada

Batak|

* Arsik
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Betawi|

* Asinan betawi
* Bubur cha cha
* Kerak telor
* Ketoprak
* Ketupat sayur
* Laksa betawi
* Lontong sayur
* Mi kangkung
* Nasi goreng kambing
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* Pindang
* Roti buaya
* Roti gambang
* Rujak juhi
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* Soto betawi
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* Sup kambing

Buginese and
Makassar|

* Ayam goreng Sulawesi
* Burasa
* Coto makassar
* Dangke
* Jalangkote
* Kaledo
* Kapurung
* Konro
* Mi kering
* Pallubasa
* Sop saudara

Chinese|

* Babi hong
* Babi kecap
* Bak kut teh
* Bakkwa
* Bakwan
* Banmian
* Bihun goreng
* Cakwe
* Cap cai
* Chai tow kway
* Char kway teow
* Cha sio
* Fu yung hai
* Fish ball
* Haisom cah
* Ifumi
* Kembang tahu
* Kepiting saus tiram
* Kuaci
* Kwetiau ayam
* Kwetiau goreng
* Kwetiau siram sapi
* Lapchiong
* Locupan
* Lontong cap go meh
* Lumpia
* Mi ayam
* Mi lor
* Mi pangsit
* Mi tarik
* Mun tahu
* Nasi ayam hainan
* Nasi bebek
* Nasi campur
* Nasi tim
* Ngo hiang
* Pangsit
* Popiah
* Rujak shanghai
* Sapo tahu
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* Sup hisit
* Sup sarang burung
* Swikee
* Tahu sumedang
* Tauge ayam
* Tee long pan
* Telur pitan
* Telur teh
* Tong sui
* Yong tau fu
* Yusheng

Cirebonese|

* Empal gentong
* Docang
* Kue gapit
* Mi koclok
* Nasi jamblang
* Nasi lengko
* Tahu gejrot

Gorontalese|

* Binte biluhuta
* Sate Tuna
* Ayam iloni
* Sagela
* Ilahe
* Bilentango
* Sate Balanga
* Ilabulo
* Nasi kuning cakalang
* Buburu
* Bubur sagela
* Nasi goreng sagela
* Tabu Moitomo
* Ikan iloni
* Pilitode

Indian|

* Appam
* Ayam mentega
* Ayam tandori
* Chapati
* Chutney
* Dosa
* Idli
* Laddu
* Kari kambing
* Kari kepala ikan
* Korma
* Modak
* Naan
* Nasi biryani
* Pakora
* Puttu
* Raita
* Roti canai
* Satti Sorru
* Sambar
* Samosa
* Satti Sorru

Indo|

* Ayam kodok
* Babi panggang
* Bitterballen
* Erwtensoep
* Hutspot
* Lapis legit
* Makaroni schotel
* Oliebol
* Ontbijtkoek
* Pannenkoek
* Poffertjes
* Shepherd's pie

Javanese|

* Apem
* Arem-arem
* Ayam bumbu rujak
* Ayam geprek
* Ayam goreng kalasan
* Ayam penyet
* Bakso
* Bakpia
* Bakpia pathok
* Botok
* Brongkos
* Buntil
* Gudeg
* Iga penyet
* Kamir
* Kelan antep
* Krechek
* Kuluban
* Lepet
* Lontong balap
* Lontong dekem
* Lontong kupang
* Lumpia
* Lumpia goreng
* Lumpia semarang
* Sumpia
* Mendoan
* Mi bakso
* Mi goreng
* Mi jawa
* Mi rebus
* Nasi ambeng
* Nasi bebek
* Nasi bogana
* Nasi empal
* Nasi gandul
* Nasi goreng
* Nasi goreng jawa
* Nasi kare
* Nasi kucing
* Nasi liwet
* Nasi megono
* Nasi pecel
* Nasi tempong
* Opor
* Opor ayam
* Pecel
* Pecel ayam
* Pecel lele
* Rambak petis
* Rawon
* Roti ganjel rel
* Roti konde
* Rujak cingur
* Rujak soto
* Sambal ulek
* Sate ambal
* Sate blora
* Sate kambing
* Sate hati
* Sate kelinci
* Sate kikil
* Sate klatak
* Sate madura
* Sate ponorogo
* Sate tegal
* Sate udang
* Sayur lodeh
* Selat solo
* Serundeng
* Soto babat
* Soto ceker
* Tahu campur
* Telur pindang
* Tempe bacem
* Tempe goreng
* Tempe mendoan
* Timlo
* Tongseng
* Trancam
* Tumpeng
* Urap

Madurese|

* Rujak
* Rujak cingur
* Sate madura
* Serundeng
* Soto madura

Malay|

* Amplang
* Ayam goreng
* Ayam pansuh
* Bubur cha cha
* Bubur pedas
* Cincalok
* Epok-epok
* Gulai
* Ikan bakar
* Ikan patin
* Kangkung belacan
* Kari
* Kemplang
* Laksa
* Mi kari
* Mi rebus
* Nasi berlauk
* Nasi briyani
* Nasi dagang
* Nasi goreng
* Nasi goreng pattaya
* Nasi lemak
* Nasi minyak
* Otak-otak
* Pekasam
* Pulut
* Roti canai
* Roti jala
* Roti john
* Roti tisu
* Sayur lodeh
* Siput gonggong
* Soto
* Sup kambing
* Tahu goreng
* Tempoyak
* Ulam

Minahasan|

* Ayam rica-rica
* Brenebon
* Cakalang fufu
* Dabu-dabu
* Klappertaart
* Mi cakalang
* Nasi kuning
* Panada
* Paniki
* Rica-rica
* Rintek wuuk
* Tinorangsak
* Tinutuan
* Woku

Minangkabau|

* Asam pedas
* Ayam pop
* Balado
* Daun ubi tumbuk
* Dendeng
* Gulai
* Gulai ayam
* Gulai kambing
* Gulai otak
* Kalio
* Kepiting saus padang
* Keripik sanjai
* Lemang
* Lontong gulai pakis
* Nasi kapau
* Nasi kari
* Nasi padang
* Palai bada
* Rendang
* Sambal lada muda
* Sate padang
* Soto padang
* Udang balado

Moluccan
and Papuan|

* Asida
* Babi bakar
* Bibingka
* Colo-colo
* Papeda
* Puding sagu
* Sagu
* Soto ambon

Palembang|

* Burgo
* Gulai
* Kemplang
* Laksan
* Lakso
* Malbi
* Mi celor
* Nasi minyak
* Otak-otak
* Pempek
* Pindang
* Tekwan
* Tempoyak ikan patin

Peranakan|

* Bubur cha cha
* Cincalok
* Laksa
* Pai ti
* Swikee

Sasak|

* Ayam taliwang
* Plecing kangkung
* Sate ampet
* Sate belut
* Sate pusut

Sundanese|

* Asinan bogor
* Batagor
* Empal gepuk
* Karedok
* Kupat tahu
* Laksa bogor
* Laksa tangerang
* Lalab
* Mi kocok
* Nasi timbel
* Nasi tutug oncom
* Oncom
* Pepes
* Rujak tumbuk
* Sate bandeng
* Sate maranggi
* Sayur asem
* Seblak
* Soto bandung
* Tauge goreng
* Uli bakar

Timorese|

* Feijoada
* Ikan bakar
* Katemak
* Pastel de nata
* Se'i

Snacks|

| Krupuk|

* Amplang
* Emping
* Kemplang
* Krupuk
* Krupuk ikan
* Krupuk kulit
* Krupuk udang
* Kripik
* Kripik sanjai
* Rempeyek
* Rengginang

|

Kue|

* Agar-agar
* Apam
* Ape
* Arem-arem
* Asida
* Bagea
* Bahulu
* Bakcang
* Bakpau
* Bakpia
* Bakpia pathok
* Bangkit
* Bibingka
* Bika ambon
* Bingka
* Bitterballen
* Bolen
* Bolu gulung
* Bolu kukus
* Bolu pandan
* Bugis
* Meuseukat
* Bulan
* Busa
* Cakwe
* Cilok
* Clorot
* Cubit
* Cucur
* Dadar gulung
* Dodol
* Donat jawa
* Donat kentang
* Gapit
* Geplak
* Gethuk
* Jalangkote
* Jemput-jemput
* Kaak
* Kaasstengels
* Kamir
* Karipap
* Kembang goyang
* Keranjang
* Klappertaart
* Klepon
* Kochi
* Kroket
* Ku
* Kukis jagung
* Laddu
* Laklak
* Lapis
* Lapis legit
* Leker
* Lemper
* Lidah kucing
* Lumpia
* Lumpia goreng
* Lumpia semarang
* Sumpia
* Lupis
* Madumongso
* Makmur
* Martabak
* Mangkok
* Mochi
* Modak
* Nagasari
* Nastar
* Ombusombus
* Onde-onde
* Pai susu
* Pai ti
* Panada
* Pancong
* Pastel
* Pastel de nata
* Pinyaram
* Pisang cokelat
* Pisang goreng
* Poffertjes
* Popiah
* Pukis
* Putri salju
* Putu
* Putu mangkok
* Putu mayang
* Rangi
* Rempah udang
* Risoles
* Samosa
* Satu
* Semar mendem
* Semprit
* Semprong
* Serabi
* Seri muka
* Sus
* Spekulaas
* Stroopwafel
* Talam
* Tapai
* Timphan
* Terang bulan
* Untir-untir
* Wajik
* Wingko

Beverages|

| Alcoholic|

* Arak
* Beer
* Brem
* Cap tikus
* Ciu
* Lapen
* Saguer
* Sopi
* Tuak

|

Non-alcoholic|

* Adon-adon coro
* Angsle
* Bajigur
* Bandrek
* Bir jawa
* Bir kocok
* Bir pletok
* Cendol
* Chocolate milk
* Cincau
* Dadiah
* Es asam jawa
* Es buah
* Es campur
* Es doger
* Es durian
* Es goyobod
* Es kelapa muda
* Es kopyor
* Es selendang mayang
* Es tebak
* Es tebu
* Es teler
* Hot chocolate
* Jahe telur
* Jamu
* Java coffee
* Kembang tahu
* Kopi aceh
* Kopi gayo
* Kopi luwak
* Kopi sanger
* Kopi susu
* Kopi tarik
* Kopi tiam
* Kopi tubruk
* Lahang
* Laksamana mengamuk
* Legen
* Milo
* Moke
* Ronde
* Sarsi
* Badak
* Indo saparelle
* Sekoteng
* Soda gembira
* Susu kedelai
* Sweet tea
* Teh botol
* Teh krisan
* Teh liang
* Teh poci
* Teh jahe
* Teh tarik
* Teh talua
* Wedang jahe
* Wedang uwuh

Bumbu|

| Spices|

* Adas manis
* Andaliman
* Asam jawa
* Bawang bombai
* Bawang merah
* Bawang perei
* Bawang putih
* Bunga lawang
* Bunga pala
* Cabai rawit
* Cabai merah
* Cengkih
* Daun bawang
* Daun jeruk
* Daun kari
* Daun kemangi
* Daun pandan
* Daun salam
* Jahe
* Jeruk purut
* Jeruk nipis
* Jintan
* Kapulaga
* Kayu manis
* Kecombrang
* Kencur
* Kemiri
* Ketumbar
* Keluak
* Kunyit
* Lengkuas
* Lada hitam
* Lada putih
* Lokio
* Pala
* Peterseli
* Seledri
* Serai
* Temu kunci
* Temu lawak

|

Seasonings
and condiments|

* Abon
* Acar
* Balado
* Bawang goreng
* Budu
* Coconut jam
* Cuka
* Dabu-dabu
* Hagelslag
* Kecap asin
* Kecap ikan
* Kecap inggris
* Kecap manis
* Kerisik
* Lalab
* Mayones
* Minyak samin
* Minyak wijen
* Minyak zaitun
* Moster
* Muisjes
* Nata de coco
* Peanut sauce
* Petis
* Petis ikan
* Rica-rica
* Sambal
* Sambal goreng teri
* Serundeng
* Saus tiram
* Saus tomat
* Tapai
* Tauco
* Tempoyak
* Terasi
* Tongcai
* Tuktuk
* Vlokken

Influences and
overseas dishes|

* Achat
* Asam pedas
* Ayam penyet
* Babi pangang
* Bami
* Bamischijf
* Begedil
* Biryani
* Bobotie
* Bobotok
* Boeber
* Dendeng
* Kalu dodol
* Koe'sister
* Lumpia
* Martabak
* Mie bangladesh
* Mie goreng
* Mie rebus
* Nasi ambeng
* Nasi goreng
* Nasi kuning
* Nasischijf
* Pechal
* Pisang goreng
* Rawon
* Rendang
* Rojak
* Roti canai
* Satay
* Sayur lodeh
* Serundeng
* Sosatie
* Soto
* Telur pindang
* Tempeh
* Tomato bredie

List articles|

* Indonesian beverages
* Indonesian condiments
* Indonesian desserts
* Indonesian dishes
* Indonesian noodles
* Indonesian snacks
* Indonesian soups

Related
topics|

* List of Indonesian dishes
* Alcohol in Indonesia
* Jamu
* Bumbu (seasoning)
* Street food of Indonesia
* Jajan pasar
* Sri Owen
* Nunuk Nuraini

*  Category: Indonesian cuisine

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