Personal media

Examples of personal media

Personal media are media of communication which are used by an individual rather than by a corporation or institution.[1] They are generally contrasted with mass media which are produced by teams of people and broadcast to a general population.[2]: 1–7 In other words, personal media allow individuals, as opposed to corporate entities, to contribute knowledge and opinion to the public.[3]: 684 The term dates from the 1980s.[4]

New technologies such as social media and self-publishing are creating a variety of modes for modern media. Marika Lüders suggests a two-dimensional model for classifying such media with one dimension being the degree of interaction between the senders and receivers; and the other dimension being the level of institutionalisation and professionalism.[3]

Katherine Nashleanas links the concept of personal media to the notion of 'control' by an individual as opposed to a centralised authority. She argues that although personal media including the fax have been available to the general public since the 1960s, more recent technologies such as the smartphone confer greater control over content production and distribution to their users.[5]

## References

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1. ^ Thumim, Nancy (2016), "Personal Media", The International Encyclopedia of Media Effects, American Cancer Society, pp. 1–13, doi:10.1002/9781118783764.wbieme0180, ISBN 978-1-118-78376-4
2. ^ Terje Rasmussen (2014), Personal Media and Everyday Life, Springer, ISBN 9781137446466
3. ^ a b Marika Lüders (1 October 2008), "Conceptualizing personal media", New Media and Society, 10 (5): 683–702, doi:10.1177/1461444808094352, S2CID 206726508
4. ^ Daniel, John S. (2013-05-13). Mega-Universities and Knowledge Media. London: Routledge. p. 53\. ISBN 978-1-136-35443-4.
5. ^ Nashleanas, Katherine (2011). "Metageographic Communities: A Geographic Model of Demassified Societies". Annals of the American Association of Geographers. 101 (3): 625–649 at 625. doi:10.1080/00045608.2011.563676. ISSN 0004-5608. JSTOR 27980204. S2CID 143635674.

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