Peruvian Communist Party

Communist party in Peru founded in 1928

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Peruvian Communist Party" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

Not to be confused with the Shining Path or other groups that use the same name.

Peruvian Communist Party

Partido Comunista Peruano[a]

Abbreviation| PCP[b]
Secretary-General| Domingo Cabrera Toro
Founder| José Carlos Mariátegui
Founded| 9 April 1928 (1928-04-09)
Headquarters| Ramón Castilla Square, Lima, Peru
Youth wing| JCP[c]
Ideology|

* Communism
* Marxism–Leninism
* Mariáteguism

Political position| Left-wing to far-left
National affiliation| JP (2017–present)
Regional affiliation| São Paulo Forum
International affiliation| IMCWP
WAP[1]
Website
pcp.pe

* Politics of Peru
* Political parties
* Elections

The Peruvian Communist Party (Spanish: Partido Comunista Peruano; PCP) is a communist party in Peru that was founded as the Peruvian Socialist Party (Partido Socialista Peruano, PSP) in 1928 by a group led by José Carlos Mariátegui until its name change in 1930. In contemporary Peruvian politics, it is often referred to as the Peruvian Communist Party – Unity (Spanish: Partido Comunista Peruano – Unidad; PCP (Unidad)) to distinguish it from similarly named communist parties.

The PCP is headquartered at Ramón Castilla Square in Lima, and publishes Unidad ("Unity") and Nuestra Bandera ("Our Flag"). The party participates in the annual International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties (IMCWP).[2]

## History

[edit]

The group was originally founded as the Peruvian Socialist Party (PSP) in 1928 by a group of nine socialist sympathisers (known as the "Group of Lima"), which included Marxist philosopher and journalist José Carlos Mariátegui,[3] and formally changed its name in 1930, following Mariátegui's death and his succession by Eudocio Ravines [es] as party leader.

Following a period of outright illegality, the group gradually incorporated itself into the legal political scene during the 1960s, which led to the disappointment with its so-called burocratic and collaborationist character, believing that guerrilla warfare was the only path to the establishment of a socialist state. In 1962, a faction split and formed the National Liberation Army (ELN) a year later, which led such a military campaign until its defeat by 1965.

In 1963, the ongoing Sino-Soviet split separated the PCP into two rival factions, one pro-Soviet and the other pro-Chinese. The latter subsequently split from the Peruvian Communist Party in January 1964 and adopted the name "Peruvian Communist Party – Red Flag" (PCP-BR).[4] The party was originally led by Saturnino Paredes, José Sotomayor, and Abimael Guzmán.[5][6] Due to internal disagreements among the party's three leaders, the party expelled several of its members in its early history. Two parties subsequently emerged from a 1969 split in the party: the Communist Party of Peru – Red Fatherland (PCP-PR) and the Communist Party of Peru – Shining Path (PCP-SL)[d] led by Guzmán. Afterwards, Paredes became the party's sole leader and renamed the party "Peruvian Communist Party (Marxist–Leninist)". In response to the Sino-Albanian split, the party dropped its commitment to Maoism and aligned itself with the Party of Labour of Albania and Hoxhaism. In 1978, the "PCP-Mayoría" faction split from the PCP to form a more pro-Soviet branch, as it considered that the PCP had adopted Eurocommunism instead, operating until the 1980s.

Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the PCP and other communist parties in Peru have since participated at a much smaller level in the country's politics, mainly through broad left-wing political alliances. In the 2011 general election, the party took part in the successful Peru Wins alliance of Ollanta Humala.

## Leadership

[edit]

Jorge del Prado was the party's general secretary from 1966 to 1991. The PCP is currently led by Roberto de La Cruz Huamán.

№  | Secretary  | Mandate

|
|

Start  | End
1  | José Carlos Mariátegui | 1930  | 1930
2  | Eudocio Ravines [es] | 1930  | 1937
3  | Julio Portocarrero  | 1937  | 1940
4  | Hugo Pesce | 1940  | 1946
5  | Jorge del Prado Chávez | 1946  | 1948
6  | Jorge Acosta Salas  | 1948  | 1962
7  | Raúl Acosta Salas  | 1962  | 1963
8  | Jorge del Prado Chávez | 1963  | 1991
9  | Renan Raffo Muñoz  | 1991  | 2008
10  | Roberto de la Cruz Huamán  | 2008  | 2017
11  | Flor de María Gonzales Uriola  | 2017  | 2018
12  | Luis Villanueva Carbajal  | 2018  | 2024
13  | Domingo Cabrera Toro  | 2024  | Incumbent

## See also

[edit]

* Communism in Peru

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ From 1928 to 1930: Partido Socialista Peruano
2. ^ From 1928 to 1930: PSP
3. ^ Peruvian Communist Youth (Spanish: Juventud Comunista Peruana)
4. ^ Self-proclaimed as the "Communist Party of Peru" (PCP), but otherwise known as the "Shining Path" (SL).

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Paris Declaration: The rising tide of global war and the tasks of anti-imperialists". World Anti-Imperialist Platform. 14 October 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
2. ^ "Communist and Workers' Parties". SolidNet. Retrieved 16 February 2019.
3. ^ García Yrigoyen, Franklin Pease (2000). "Leguía y la "Patria Nueva" (1919-1930)". Gran Historia del Perú (in Spanish) (1st ed.). Lima: Empresa Editora El Comercio S.A. pp. 207–214.207-214&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Empresa+Editora+El+Comercio+S.A.&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=García+Yrigoyen&rft.aufirst=Franklin+Pease&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Peruvian+Communist+Party" class="Z3988">
4. ^ Fumerton 2003, p. 37.
5. ^ Alexander 1999, p. 156.
6. ^ Mauceri 1996, p. 120.

### Sources

[edit]

* Alexander, Robert J. (1999). International Maoism in the Developing World. Westport, Conn.: Praeger. ISBN 0275961494.
* Delury, George E. (1983). World Encyclopedia of Political Systems & Parties: Nepal-Zimbabwe, and smaller countries and microstates. New York, N.Y.: Facts on File. ISBN 0871967804.
* Fumerton, Mario (2003). From Victims to Heroes: Peasant Counter-rebellion and Civil War in Ayacucho, Peru, 1980–2000. Amsterdam: Rozenberg. ISBN 9051706588.
* Mauceri, Philip (1996). State Under Siege: Development And Policy Making In Peru. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press. ISBN 0813336074.
* Nohlen, Dieter (2005). Elections in the Americas: A data handbook. Vol. 2\. New York. ISBN 978-0-19-928358-3.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

## External links

[edit]

* Official website of the Peruvian Communist Party
* Old website of the Peruvian Communist Party

* v
* t
* e

Political parties in Peru

Parliamentary parties|

* Alliance for Progress
* Free Peru
* Go on Country – Social Integration Party
* Podemos Perú
* Popular Action
* Popular Force
* Popular Renewal (formerly National Solidarity)
* Together for Peru (formerly Peruvian Humanist Party)
* We Are Peru

Extra-parliamentary parties|

* Agricultural People's Front
* National Alliance of Workers, Farmers, University Students, and Reservists
* Christian People's Party
* Democratic Green Party
* Faith in Peru
* First The People – Community, Ecology, Liberty, and Progress
* Front of Hope 2021
* I Believe Party
* Let's Save Peru
* Modern Force
* Modern Peru
* New Peru
* Now Nation
* Party of Good Government
* Patriotic Party of Peru
* People's Liberty
* Peruvian Aprista Party
* Peru Action (formerly Peru Nation)
* Peru First
* Progresemos
* Purple Party
* Regionalist Party of National Integration
* United Peru Democratic Party
* Workers and Entrepreneurs Party
* Works Civic Party

Parties in process of registering|

* ADN Political Party
* ADP Political Party
* A Different Path
* Battle Peru
* Citizens for Peru Party
* Conscious People
* Country for All Party
* Democratic Integrity
* Everything with the People
* Federal Democratic Party
* For the Love of Peru
* Forward United People
* Free and Equal
* Green Earth Transforming Coalition
* National Restoration
* National United Resurgence
* New People
* Party for the Understanding, Recovery and Unification of Peru
* People's Voices
* Peruvian Humanist Party
* Peruvians United: We Are Free
* Popular Unity UP
* Popular Cooperation
* United Centre Party – Independent National Unity, Dignity, Order, and Solidarity
* Unity and Peace
* Vision Peru

Parties without registration|

* Christian Democratic Party
* Communist Party of Peru – Red Fatherland
* Communist Party of Peru – Shining Path
* Lo Justo por el Perú
* Militarized Communist Party of Peru
* Movement for Socialism
* Peru Secure Homeland (formerly Cambio 90)
* Peruvian Communist Party
* Peruvian Communist Party (Marxist–Leninist)
* Socialist Party

Active coalitions|

* TBD

Defunct parties|

* Advancing
* All for Peru
* All for Victory
* And It's Called Peru
* Broad Front (incl. Land and Freedom, Sowing Movement)
* Citizen Force
* Contigo (formerly Peruvians for Change)
* Decentralist Social Force Party
* Democratic Force
* Democratic Reconstruction
* Direct Democracy
* Forward
* Hacer País
* Hayist Bases Movement
* Hope Front
* Independent Moralizing Front
* Independent Patriotic Legion
* Justice, Technology, and Ecology
* Let's Go Peru
* Let's Make Progress Peru
* Liberty Movement
* National Awakening
* National Force
* National Justice
* National Renewal
* National United Renaissance
* National Victory (formerly National Restoration)
* New Left Movement
* New Majority
* Odriist National Union
* Order
* Peru Progressing
* Peru Now
* Peruvian Nationalist Party
* Peruvian Resurgence
* Possible Peru
* Project Country
* Radical Change
* Revolutionary Union
* Sí Cumple
* Union for Peru
* With Force Peru
* Youth Independent Movement

Former coalitions|

* Alliance for the Future (2006)
* Alliance for the Great Change (2011)
* Alliance for the Progress of Peru (2016)
* APRA-UNO Coalition (1963-1968)
* Avancemos (2000)
* Center Front (2006)
* Cambio 90 – New Majority (1995-2000, 2001-2006)
* Decentralization Coalition (2006)
* FREDEMO (1990)
* National Democratic Front (1945)
* National Front of Workers and Peasants
* National Solidarity Alliance (2011)
* National Unity (2001, 2006)
* People's Solution (2001)
* Popular Alliance (2016)
* Possible Peru Alliance (2011)
* Peru Wins (2011)
* Peru 2000 (2000)
* Together for Peru (2021)

* Portal:Politics
* List of political parties
* Politics of Peru

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF

National|

* United States
* Israel

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template