Phi Delta Delta

North American women's law fraternity

Phi Delta Delta

ΦΔΔ
Founded| November 11, 1911; 112 years ago (1911-11-11)
University of Southern California, Law School
Type| Professional
Former Affiliation| PFA
Status| Merged
Merge Date| August 12, 1972
Successor| Phi Alpha Delta
Emphasis| Law, Women
Scope| International
Colors|  Old rose and  Violet
Flower| Rose and Violet
Jewel| Pearl
Publication| The Phi Delta Delta
Chapters| 68
Members| 5,000 lifetime

Phi Delta Delta (ΦΔΔ) was a women's professional law fraternity founded in November 1911 at the University of Southern California.[1] It merged with Phi Alpha Delta in 1972.[2][3]

## History[edit]

Phi Delta Delta Legal Sorority was founded at the Law School of the University of Southern California on November 11, 1911.[4][5] Its founders were Georgia Bullock, Gladys Morre Brown, Sarah Patten Doherty, Annette Fillius Hunley, and Vere Radir-Norton.[4][5] Its purpose was "to promote a higher standard of professional ethics and culture among women in law schools and the legal profession."[5] Phi Delta Delta Legal Fraternity was incorporated as a nonprofit corporation in California on October 25, 1912.[6]

The fraternity went national with the opening of its Beta chapter at the Washington College of Law and Gamma chapter at the Chicago-Kent College of Law in April 1913.[4] This was followed by the Delta chapter at the University of Oregon Law School in 1914. Phi Delta Delta held its first national convention in Los Angeles on August 20–22, 1917 with delegates from Alpha, Delta, and Epsilon chapters.[6][7]

The fraternity's publication was The Phi Delta Delta.[8] It was established at the fraternity's first convention in 1917 as an annual publication.[7] Initially, it was called Oak Leaves and was edited by a member of the Zeta chapter.[7] At the fraternity's second convention, the publication's frequency was changed to semiannual, along with the name change to The Phi Delta Delta.[7] Its frequency became quarterly after the fraternity's third convention in 1924.[7]

Phi Delta Delta became an international fraternity in 1926 with the establishment of the Omega chapter at the Vancouver School of Law in Vancouver, Canada in January 1926.[4] It also added chapters in Cuba, England, and South America.[9][10] By March 1926, it was the largest legal sorority in the United States.[9] The fraternity eventually expanded to include 5,000 members and 68 chapters in the United States and Canada.[4][2][11]

Phi Delta Delta created an endowment fund that provided loans to students in their last year of law school.[12] In addition, it provided scholarship keys at graduation for scholastic excellence in law school.[12]

Each year at the American Bar Association conference, Phi Delta Delta sponsored a breakfast for deans of law schools, judges, prominent members of the association, and fraternity members.[12] The fraternity also had a speakers bureau on its research interests, including coordinating council movement, juvenile delinquency, legislation impacting women, the probation and parole system, restatement of the law, and taxation.[12]

## Merger[edit]

Phi Delta Delta badge

In 1970, the all-male legal fraternity Phi Alpha Delta amended its constitution to accept female members.[2] In 1971, Phi Delta Delta began negotiating a merger with Phi Alpha Delta.[11] Both fraternities held conventions in San Diego on August 9–12, 1972.[11] Phi Delta Delta and Phi Alpha Delta reached a merger agreement on August 12, 1972.[2][11] At this time, all members of Phi Delta Delta became members of Phi Alpha Delta.[2] Its chapters were renamed when they merged into Phi Alpha Delta.[13]

Archival records of Phi Alpha Delta are stored in the special collections of the Charles E. Young Research Library at the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Washburn University School of Law.[5][14]

## Symbols[edit]

The colors of Phi Delta Delta were old rose and violet.[1] Its official flowers were the rose and the violet.[1] Its jewel was the pearl.[1]

The fraternity's badge was a flat-topped kite of black enamel, with an anagram of the Greek letters Φ, Δ and Δ, grouped so that the two Deltas appeared as the twin pans of a balance scale.[4][1]

## Chapters[edit]

### Collegiate chapters[edit]

Following is a list of Phi Delta Delta collegiate chapters.[4][15][16] Status is as of the time of the merger in 1972. All chapters are now inactive, most having merged into Phi Alpha Delta.

Chapter  | Chartered/Range  | Institution  | Location  | Status  | References

|
|
|
|
|

Alpha  | November 11, 1911 | University of Southern California | Los Angeles, California | Active  |
Beta  | April 17, 1913 | Washington College of Law | Washington, D.C. | Active  |
Gamma  | April 1913 – 19xx ?  | Chicago-Kent College of Law | Chicago, Illinois | Inactive  | [a]
Delta  | February 1, 1914 – 19xx ?; February 22, 1930  | University of Oregon School of Law | Eugene, Oregon | Active  | [b]
Epsilon  | February 10, 1917 | University of Washington School of Law | Seattle, Washington | Active  | [17]
Zeta  | February 15, 1918 | George Washington University Law School | Washington, D.C. | Active  |
Eta  | January 24, 1920 | New England School of Law | Boston, Massachusetts | Active  |
Theta  | December 13, 1920 | University of Kansas School of Law | Lawrence, Kansas | Active  |
Iota  | May 19, 1921 | Vanderbilt University Law School | Nashville, Tennessee.  | Active  |
Kappa  | May 21, 1921 | Washburn University School of Law | Topeka, Kansas | Active  | [18]
Lambda  | May 23, 1921 | University of Pittsburgh School of Law | Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania | Active  |
Mu  | January 21, 1922 | University of Missouri School of Law | Columbia, Missouri | Active  |
Nu  | May 7, 1922 | Brooklyn Law School | Brooklyn, New York City, New York | Active  |
Xi  | May 20, 1922 | Northwestern College of Law | Portland, Oregon | Active  |
Omicron  | May 18, 1923 | Dickinson School of Law | Carlisle, Pennsylvania | Active  |
Pi  | May 19, 1923 | Case Western Reserve University School of Law | Cleveland, Ohio | Active  |
Rho  | May 27, 1923 | Stetson University College of Law | Gulfport, Florida | Active  |
Sigma  | September 22, 1923 | University at Buffalo Law School | Amherst, New York | Active  |
Tau  | May 3, 1924 | Temple University Law School | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | Active  |
Upsilon  | May 29, 1924 | Willamette University College of Law | Salem, Oregon | Active  |
Phi  | May 28, 1924 | University of Colorado Law School | Boulder, Colorado | Active  |
Chi  | September 30, 1924 | Duquesne University School of Law | Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania | Active  |
Psi  | May 3, 1925 | Kansas City School of Law | Kansas City, Missouri | Active  |
Omega  | January 30, 1926 – 1945  | Vancouver Law School | Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada | Inactive  | [19][c]
Alpha Alpha  | February 28, 1926 | Fordham University School of Law | Manhattan, New York City, New York | Active  | [9]
Alpha Beta  | March 19, 1927 | University of Cincinnati College of Law | Cincinnati, Ohio | Active  |
Alpha Gamma  | May 1, 1927 | New York University School of Law | Manhattan, New York City, New York | Active  |
Alpha Delta  | March 19, 1927 | University of Maryland School of Law | Baltimore, Maryland | Active  | [20]
Alpha Epsilon  | October 23, 1927 – October 3, 1959  | Minnesota College of Law | Saint Paul, Minnesota | Merged  | [d]
Alpha Zeta  | October 26, 1927 | Loyola University New Orleans College of Law | New Orleans, Louisiana | Active  |
Alpha Eta  | October 29, 1927 | University of South Dakota School of Law | Vermillion, South Dakota | Active  | [10]
Alpha Theta  | February 18, 1928 | Loyola Law School | Los Angeles, California | Active  |
Alpha Iota  | May 12, 1928 | University of Louisville School of Law | Louisville, Kentucky | Active  |
Alpha Kappa  | May 12, 1928 | University of Detroit Law School | Downtown Detroit, Michigan | Active  |
Alpha Lambda  | July 1, 1928 – December 12, 1955  | National University School of Law | Washington, D.C. | Merged  | [e]
Alpha Mu  | May 4, 1929 | Columbia Law School | New York City, New York | Active  |
Alpha Nu  | October 5, 1929 | Cleveland Law School | Cleveland, Ohio | Active  |
Alpha Xi  | October 12, 1929 | Indiana Law School | Indianapolis, Indiana | Active  |
Alpha Omicron  | June 8, 1929 | Tulsa Law School | Tulsa, Oklahoma | Active  |
Alpha Pi  | December 7, 1929 | University of Utah College of Law | Salt Lake City, Utah | Active  |
Alpha Rho  | November 11, 1929 | St. John's University School of Law | Jamaica, New York City, New York | Active  |
Alpha Sigma  | May 10, 1930 | University of Michigan Law School | Ann Arbor, Michigan | Active  |
Alpha Tau  | August 27, 1930 | Yale Law School | New Haven, Connecticut | Active  |
Alpha Upsilon  | November 9, 1930 | Saint Louis University School of Law | St. Louis, Missouri | Active  |
Alpha Phi  | March 8, 1931 | University of Miami School of Law | Coral Gables, Florida.  | Active  |
Alpha Chi  | October 24, 1931 | University of Memphis Law School | Memphis, Tennessee | Active  |
Alpha Psi  | July 24, 1931 – October 3, 1959 | St. Paul College of Law | Saint Paul, Minnesota | Merged  | [f]
Alpha Omega  | March 19, 1932 | Louisiana State University School of Law | Baton Rouge, Louisiana | Active  | [21][g]
Beta Alpha  | October 9, 1932 | Southwestern University School of Law | Mid-Wilshire, Los Angeles, California | Active  |
Beta Beta  | April 12, 1933 | University of California at Berkeley School of Law | Berkeley, California | Active  |
Beta Gamma  | July 11, 1936 | University of Mississippi School of Law | Oxford, Mississippi | Active  |
Beta Delta  | May 15, 1937 | Stanford Law School | Stanford, California | Active  |
Beta Epsilon  | October 15, 1946 | Columbus School of Law | Washington, D.C. | Active  | [22]
Beta Zeta  | October 24, 1947 | University of Florida School of Law | Gainesville, Florida | Active  |
Beta Eta  | December 3, 1949 | University of Georgia School of Law | Athens, Georgia | Active  |
Beta Theta  | April 15, 1950 | UCLA School of Law | Los Angeles, California | Active  |
Beta Iota  | April 10, 1954 | University of Richmond School of Law | Richmond, Virginia | Active  |
Beta Kappa  | October 30, 1954 | Salmon P. Chase College of Law | Highland Heights, Kentucky | Active  |
Beta Lambda  | October 8, 1955 | Georgetown University School of Law | Washington, D.C. | Active  |
Beta Mu  | April 11, 1958 | University of Alabama School of Law | Tuscaloosa, Alabama | Active  |
Alpha Epsilon Psi  | October 3, 1959 | William Mitchell College of Law | Saint Paul, Minnesota | Active  | [23][h][i]
Beta Nu  | February 28, 1964 | California Western School of Law | San Diego, California | Active  |
Beta Xi  | April 24, 1965 | University of Akron School of Law | Akron, Ohio | Active  |
Beta Omicron  | October 15, 1965 | University of San Diego School of Law | San Diego, California | Active  |
Beta Pi  | December 9, 1966 | Cumberland School of Law | Homewood, Alabama | Active  |
Beta Rho  | May 18, 1968 | University of Tennessee College of Law | Knoxville, Tennessee | Active  |
Beta Sigma  | May 1, 1968 | New York Law School | Tribeca, New York City, New York | Active  |
Beta Tau  | June 1, 1968 | Florida State University College of Law | Tallahassee, Florida | Active  |
Beta Upsilon  | May 1969 | University of South Dakota School of Law | Vermillion, South Dakota | Active  |

1. ^ Gamma chapter's charter was revoked because of dissension in the group.
2. ^ Delta chapter went inactive for a period due to a lack of female law students.
3. ^ Omega chapter closed when the Vancouver Law School merged with the University of British Columbia.
4. ^ Alpha Epsilon chapter merged into Alpha Epsilon Psi chapter when its institution merged.
5. ^ The Alpha Lambda chapter ceased to exist when the National University School of Law merged with George Washington University School of Law; members were invited to affiliate with the Zeta chapter there.
6. ^ Alpha Psi chapter merger into Alpha Epsilon Psi chapter when its institution merged.
7. ^ Five female students at LSU formed the co-ed law club, Queen's Counselors, in the fall of 1930. This group was absorbed by Phi Delta Delta in March 1932.
8. ^ Alpha Epsilon Psi chapter. was formed from the merger of Alpha Epsilon and Alpha Psi after their institutions merged.
9. ^ When the sorority merged with Phi Alpha Tau, the Minnesota members voted to create their organization, the Minnesota Women Lawyers, instead of merging.

### Alumnae chapters[edit]

Following is a list of Phi Delta Delta alumnae chapters.[16][24] Status is as of the time of the merger in 1972. All chapters are now inactive, due to the merger with Phi Alpha Delta.

Chapter  | Chartered/Range  | Location  | Status  | References

|
|
|
|

Los Angeles Alumnae chapter  | March 3, 1922  | Los Angeles, California | Active  |
Kansis City Alumnae chapter  | March 22, 1924 – 194x ?  | Kansas City, Kansas | Inactive  | [a]
Washington Alumnae chapter  | January 9, 1925  | Washington, D.C. | Active  |
San Francisco Alumnae chapter  | November 17, 1925  | San Francisco, California | Active  |
Buffalo Alumnae chapter  | September 2, 1927 – 19xx ?  | Buffalo, New York | Inactive  |
Boston Alumnae chapter  | November 11, 1927 – 194x ?  | Boston, Massachusetts | Inactive  | [a]
New York City Alumnae chapter  | November 12, 1927  | New York City, New York | Active  |
Cincinnati Alumnae chapter  | May 12, 1932 – 194x ?  | Cincinnati, Ohio | Inactive  | [a]
Cleveland Alumnae chapter  | March 25, 1934 – 194x ?  | Cleveland, Ohio | Inactive  | [a]
Santa Barbara-Ventura Alumnae chapter  | May 5, 1957  | Santa Barbara and Ventura, California | Active  |

1. ^ a b c d Chapter surrendered its charter and affiliated with its local collegiate chapter to keep the fraternity active at the law school during World War II when few women were studying law.

## Notable members[edit]

Name  | Chapter  | Notability  | References

|
|
|

Edith Atkinson | Rho | judge  | [25][26][27]
Othilia Carroll Beals | Epsilon | lawyer and judge  | [28]
Georgia Bullock | Alpha | first female Superior Court judge in California  | [29][30][31]
Litta Belle Hibbon Campbell | Alpha | attorney, professor, and the first female deputy district attorney in the United States  | [32][31]
H. Alberta Colclaser | Pi | aviation lawyer and foreign service officer  | [33]
Lucile Atcherson Curtis |  | first woman appointed as a United States Diplomatic Officer  | [34]
Harriet Daggett | Alpha Tau | attorney and professor  | [35]
Mercedes Deiz | Xi | judge  | [36]
Oda Faulconer | Alpha | lawyer, judge, and the president of the Bank of Italy  | [31]
Zula Inez Ferguson | Iota | advertising manager at Blackstone's  | [37]
Betty Binns Fletcher | Epsilon | United States circuit judge | [28]
Marion Janet Harron | Beta Beta | lawyer and United States Tax Court judge  | [38]
Sybil Holmes | Eta | politician and the first woman elected to the Massachusetts Senate | [39]
Lucy Somerville Howorth | Beta Gamma | lawyer, politician, and the first woman to serve in the Mississippi Legislature | [38]
Shirley Hufsteler | Beta Delta, Los Angeles Alumnae chapter | attorney, judge, and United States Secretary of Education | [40][41]
Reba Hurn | Epsilon | lawyer and Washington state legislator  | [28][42]
May Darlington Lahey | Alpha | lawyer, judge, first Australian woman to serve as a judge  | [43][29]
Manche Irene Langley | Xi | lawyer and professor at Pacific University | [44]
Mary Florence Lathrop |  | lawyer  | [26]
Mildred Lillie | Beta Beta | justice, Court of Appeals of the State of California  | [40]
Annabel Matthews | Gamma | judge of the United States Board of Tax Appeals | [45][34][46]
Margaret M. McChesney | Eta | lawyer  | [47]
Mary O'Toole | Beta | U.S. District Court judge, first woman municipal judge of the United States  | [48][26][46]
Ruth Bryan Owen |  | U.S. House of Representatives. U.S. Envoy to Denmark, pioneering filmmaker  | [46]
Emma Fall Schofield |  | judge  | [26]
Orfa Jean Shontz | Alpha | lawyer and judge  | [49][30][31]
Sara Soffel | Lambda | lawyer and judge  | [50]
Mary Jane Spurlin | Xi | judge  | [36]
F. Josephine Stevenson | Alpha | lawyer  |
Martha Ware | Eta | district court judge  | [39]
Ida V. Wells | Alpha | lawyer  | [31]
Reah Whitehead | Epsilon | lawyer and justice of the peace  | [28]
Mabel Walker Willebrandt | Alpha | U.S. Assistant Attorney General | [31][26][34][46]

## References[edit]

1. ^ a b c d e Martin, Ida Shaw. The Sorority Handbook (6 ed.). Menasha, Wisconsin: George Banta Publishing Company, Collegiate Press. p. 89. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
2. ^ a b c d e "1970s: A Fraternity of Firsts." Phi Delta Delta History History, accessed 4 December 2021.
3. ^ Laura Duncan, “Happy Birthday, PADs”, Chicago Daily Law Bulletin, November 13, 1992. Law Bulletin Publishing Company (Chicago, 1992)
4. ^ a b c d e f g Anson, Jack L.; Marchenasi, Robert F., eds. (1991) [1879]. Baird's Manual of American Fraternities (20th ed.). Indianapolis, IN: Baird's Manual Foundation, Inc. p. VIII-43. ISBN 978-0963715906.
5. ^ a b c d "Finding Aid for the Phi Delta Delta Legal Fraternity (International) Records, 1924-1967". Oneline Archive of California. Retrieved 2023-03-14.
6. ^ a b "Milestones". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 70. November 1973.
7. ^ a b c d e "Phi Delta Delta Magazine". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 77-78. November 1973.
8. ^ U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare - Office of Education (1960). Education Directory 1960-1961: Part 1 Federal Government and States. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 51 - via Google Books.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
9. ^ a b c "Phi Delta Delta". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. 1926-03-07. p. 15. Retrieved 2023-03-15 - via Newspaper.com.
10. ^ a b "Phi Delta Delta to Install Chapter". Argus-Leader. 1927-11-04. p. 4. Retrieved 2023-03-15 - via Newspapers.com.
11. ^ a b c d "From the Editor" (PDF). The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 1. November 1973.
12. ^ a b c d "Miss Herndon is to Attend Coast Meeting: Biennial Conventionl of Phi Delta Delta". Tulsa World. 1940-07-21. p. 28. Retrieved 2023-03-15 - via Newspapers.com.
13. ^ PAD chapter locator, accessed 17 Jul 2022.
14. ^ "Phi Delta Delta - Kappa Chapter Meeting Minutes 1923-1971". Washburn Law Digital Collections. Retrieved 2023-03-14.
15. ^ "The Chapters of Phi Delta Delta". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 17-49. November 1973.
16. ^ a b "Role of the Phi Delta Delta Chapters". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 96-97. November 1973.
17. ^ "New Law College Sorority Chapter". Los Angeles Herald. 7 March 1917. p. 7. Retrieved March 14, 2023 - via California Digital Newspaper Collection.
18. ^ Washburn - Phi Delta Delta History
19. ^ "UBC's Law School Opens | History Project". Peter A. Allard School of Law. Retrieved 2023-03-14.
20. ^ The Bar Association of Baltimore City Centennial Edition - History of the Women's Bar Association of Maryland
21. ^ Hargrave, W. Lee (2004-09-01). LSU Law: The Louisiana State University Law School from 1906 to 1977. LSU Press. p. 98\. ISBN 978-0-8071-2914-2 - via Google Books.
22. ^ "Phi Delta Delta to Install Unit". Evening Star. 1946-10-14. p. 22. Retrieved 2023-03-15 - via Newspapers.com.
23. ^ Harmon, Shannon (August 2, 2019). ""Minnesota Women's Lawyers: A History". Raising the Bar: America Celebrates 150 Years of Women Lawyers 1869-2019". issuu. Faircount Media Group. p. 45. Retrieved 2023-03-14.
24. ^ "Alumnae Chapters". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 50-51. November 1973.
25. ^ "Edith M. Atkinson". Colusa Herald. 21 October 1926. p. 3. Retrieved March 14, 2023 - via California Digital Newspaper Collection.
26. ^ a b c d e "Noted Women Are Coming to Buffalo for Convention". The Buffalo News. 1927-08-31. p. 19. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
27. ^ "Women Attorneys Called too Modest; Should Appear More Often in Court, Justice Finch Tells Phi Delta Delta Convention" (PDF). The New York Times. November 12, 1933. pp. N3. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
28. ^ a b c d "Epsilon". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 19-20. November 1973.
29. ^ a b "Alpha". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 17. November 1973.
30. ^ a b "Sorority to Honor Women Lawyers at Banquet". Los Angeles Herald. 19 February 1913. p. 4. Retrieved March 14, 2023 - via California Digital Newspaper Collection.
31. ^ a b c d e f "Society: Sorority Banquet". The Los Angeles Times. 1916-03-26. p. 38. Retrieved 2023-03-14 - via Newspapers.com.
32. ^ "Campbell, Litta Belle Hibbon". Women's Legal History. Stanford University Law. Retrieved 2023-03-14.
33. ^ Shine, Mary (1947-01-05). "U.S. Aviation Office's Legal Adviser Makes Plane Piloting Her Hobby". Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph. p. 35. Retrieved 2023-03-14 - via Newspapers.com.
34. ^ a b c "Chic Modern Portias Know Style as Well as Stututes: Phi Delta Delta Legal Sorority". Times Union. 1930-08-24. p. 111. Retrieved 2023-03-15 - via Newspapers.com.
35. ^ "Alpha Tau". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 38. November 1973.
36. ^ a b "Xi". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 25. November 1973.
37. ^ Binheim, Max; Elvin, Charles A. (1928). Women of the West; a series of biographical sketches of living eminent women in the eleven western states of the United States of America. University of Connecticut Libraries. Los Angeles, Calif., Publishers Press. p. 41 - via Internet Archive.
38. ^ a b "Phi Delta Delta Will Give Party for Rushees Sunday". Evening Star. 1940-01-31. p. 26. Retrieved 2023-03-15 - via Newspapers.com.
39. ^ a b "Eta". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 22. November 1973.
40. ^ a b "The Members of Phi Delta Delta". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 17. November 1973.
41. ^ "Prominent P.A.D. Members". Phi Alpha Delta.
42. ^ Binheim, Max; Elvin, Charles A. (1928). Women of the West; a series of biographical sketches of living eminent women in the eleven western states of the United States of America. University of Connecticut Libraries. Los Angeles, Calif., Publishers Press. p. 195 - via Internet Archive.
43. ^ Lahey, May D. "History's Path of Women Jurist". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 64. November 1973.
44. ^ Allen, Trudy (Fall 1997). "Pioneers: Manche Irene Langley" (PDF). Advance Sheet. 8 (4): 3 - via Oregon Women Lawyers.
45. ^ "Collection: Papers of Annabel Matthews, 1880-1960 (inclusive), 1901-1960 (bulk) | HOLLIS for". hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-14.
46. ^ a b c d "Founder Day Banquet to Draw Many: Phi Delta Delta Legal Sorority". Evening Star. 1935-11-10. p. 46. Retrieved 2023-03-15 - via Newspapers.com.
47. ^ "Portia Law graduates to go to P.D.D. Meeting". The Boston Globe. 1930-08-23. p. 5. Retrieved 2023-03-15 - via Newspapers.com.
48. ^ "Fraternity's President is Guest: Phi Delta Delta's Beta Chapter Entertains". Evening Star. 1940-03-03. p. 55. Retrieved 2023-03-15 - via Newspapers.com.
49. ^ "L.A. Woman Elected Head of Fraternity". Los Angeles Herald. 22 August 1917. p. 10. Retrieved March 14, 2023 - via California Digital Newspaper Collection.
50. ^ "Women Lawyers Will Meet Here". Harrisburg Telegraph. 1933-11-01. p. 4. Retrieved 2023-03-15 - via Newspapers.com.

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