Phillips County, Arkansas

County in Arkansas, United States

County in Arkansas

Phillips County

County

Phillips County courthouse in Helena-West Helena

Location within the U.S. state of Arkansas

Arkansas's location within the U.S.

Coordinates: 34°23′25″N 90°52′11″W﻿ / ﻿34.390277777778°N 90.869722222222°W﻿ / 34.390277777778; -90.869722222222
Country|  United States
State|  Arkansas
Founded| May 1, 1820
Named after| Sylvanus Phillips
Seat| Helena-West Helena
Largest city| Helena-West Helena
Area

• Total

| 727 sq mi (1,880 km2)
• Land| 696 sq mi (1,800 km2)
• Water| 32 sq mi (80 km2)  4.4%
Population

(2020)

• Total

| 16,568

• Estimate

(2023)

| 14,961
• Density| 23/sq mi (8.8/km2)
Time zone| UTC−6 (Central)
• Summer (DST)| UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district| 1st
Website| phillipscounty.arkansas.gov

Phillips County is a county located in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Arkansas, in what is known as the Arkansas Delta along the Mississippi River. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,568.[1] The county seat is Helena–West Helena.[2] Phillips County is Arkansas's seventh (7th) county, formed on May 1, 1820. It was named for Sylvanus Phillips, the area's first-known white or European-American settler; he was elected as representative to the first Territorial Legislature of the Arkansas Territory. This fertile lowland area was developed for cotton plantations in the antebellum area and is still largely rural and agricultural.[citation needed] The Helena-West Helena, AR Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Phillips County.

## History

[edit]

From September 30 – October 1, 1919, during the Elaine race riot in Phillips County, at least 237 African Americans were killed, attacked at large by armed whites trying to suppress the Progressive Farmers and Household Union of America which was organizing in the county. Because the white mob actions were racial terrorism against African Americans, the deaths were classified as lynchings by the Equal Justice Initiative in its 2015 report on lynchings in the South. Based on this, Phillips County ranks as the county with the highest number of lynchings in U.S. history.[3]

## Crime

[edit]

For the years from 2016 to 2020, Phillips County had the highest rate of gun homicides of any county in the United States. Adjusting county data for the age of the population, Phillips County had a rate of 55.45 gun deaths per 100,000 population.[4]

## Geography

[edit]

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 727 square miles (1,880 km2), of which 696 square miles (1,800 km2) is land and 32 square miles (83 km2) (4.4%) is water.[5]

### Major highways

[edit]

* U.S. Highway 49
* Highway 1
* Highway 39
* Highway 85

### Adjacent counties

[edit]

* Lee County (north)
* Tunica County, Mississippi (northeast)
* Coahoma County, Mississippi (east)
* Bolivar County, Mississippi (southeast)
* Desha County (south)
* Arkansas County (southwest)
* Monroe County (northwest)

### National protected areas

[edit]

* St. Francis National Forest (part)
* White River National Wildlife Refuge (part)

## Demographics

[edit]

Historical population Census| Pop.| Note| %±

|
|
|

1830| 1,152| | —
1840| 3,547| | 207.9%
1850| 6,935| | 95.5%
1860| 14,877| | 114.5%
1870| 15,372| | 3.3%
1880| 21,262| | 38.3%
1890| 25,341| | 19.2%
1900| 26,561| | 4.8%
1910| 33,535| | 26.3%
1920| 44,530| | 32.8%
1930| 40,683| | −8.6%
1940| 45,970| | 13.0%
1950| 46,254| | 0.6%
1960| 43,997| | −4.9%
1970| 40,046| | −9.0%
1980| 34,772| | −13.2%
1990| 28,838| | −17.1%
2000| 26,445| | −8.3%
2010| 21,757| | −17.7%
2020| 16,568| | −23.8%
2023 (est.)| 14,961| [6]| −9.7%
U.S. Decennial Census[7]
1790–1960[8] 1900–1990[9]
1990–2000[10] 2010–2021[1]
Age pyramid Phillips County[11]

### 2020 census

[edit]

Phillips County Racial Composition[12] Race  | Num.  | Perc.

|
|

White | 5,541  | 33.44%
Black or African American | 10,305  | 62.2%
Native American | 38  | 0.23%
Asian | 64  | 0.39%
Pacific Islander | 4  | 0.02%
Other/Mixed | 352  | 2.12%
Hispanic or Latino | 264  | 1.59%

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 16,568 people, 7,485 households, and 4,836 families residing in the county.

### 2010 census

[edit]

As of the 2010 census, there were 21,757 people living in the county. 63.1% were Black or African American, 35.0% White, 0.3% Asian, 0.2% Native American, 0.4% of some other race and 0.9% of two or more races. 1.3% were Hispanic or Latino (of any race).

### 2000 census

[edit]

As of the 2000 census,[13] there were 26,445 people, 9,711 households, and 6,768 families living in the county. The population density was 38 people per square mile (15 people/km2). There were 10,859 housing units at an average density of 16 per square mile (6.2/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 59.04% Black or African American, 39.25% White, 0.43% from other races, 0.32% Asian, 0.17% Native American, 0.01% Pacific Islander, and 0.78% from two or more races. 1.44% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. At over 58% of the county's population, Phillips County has the highest percentage of African Americans in the state of Arkansas.[14]

There were 9,711 households, out of which 34.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.30% were married couples living together, 25.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.30% were non-families. 27.60% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.29.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 32.20% under the age of 18, 9.40% from 18 to 24, 23.20% from 25 to 44, 21.20% from 45 to 64, and 13.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 84.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.70 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $22,231, and the median income for a family was $26,570. Males had a median income of $24,675 versus $17,520 for females. The per capita income for the county was $12,288. About 28.70% of families and 32.70% of the population were below the poverty line, including 45.50% of those under age 18 and 26.20% of those age 65 or over.

For the period 2000–2009, the Helena-West Helena statistical area lost 20.89% of its population, the largest decline of any statistical area in the country.

## Government and politics

[edit]

### Government

[edit]

The county government is a constitutional body granted specific powers by the Constitution of Arkansas and the Arkansas Code. The quorum court is the legislative branch of the county government and controls all spending and revenue collection. Representatives are called justices of the peace and are elected from county districts every even-numbered year. The number of districts in a county vary from nine to fifteen, and district boundaries are drawn by the county election commission. The Phillips County Quorum Court has nine members. Presiding over quorum court meetings is the county judge, who serves as the chief executive officer of the county. The county judge is elected at-large and does not vote in quorum court business, although capable of vetoing quorum court decisions.[15][16]

Phillips County, Arkansas Elected countywide officials[17][18] Position  | Officeholder  | Party

|
|

County Judge | Clark Hall  | Democratic
County Clerk | Shakira Winfield  | Democratic
Circuit Clerk | Tamekia Franklin  | Democratic
Sheriff/Collector | Neal Byrd, Sr.  | Democratic
Treasurer | Santresa "Tot" Mayfield  | Democratic
Assessor | Jerome Turner  | Democratic
Coroner | Earnest Larry  | Democratic

The composition of the Quorum Court following the 2024 elections is 8 Democrats and 1 Republican. Justices of the Peace (members) of the Quorum Court following the elections are:[19][20]

* District 1: Edward Carter (D)
* District 2: Patrick Roberson (D)
* District 3: Oscar Hoskins (D)
* District 4: Isaac Ike Tribune (D)
* District 5: Betty Brimley (D)
* District 6: Shirley Moss-Larry (D)
* District 7: William Kyle Storer (D)
* District 8: Martin Rawls (R)
* District 9: Lita Moore-Johnson (D)

Additionally, the townships of Phillips County are entitled to elect their own respective constables, as set forth by the Constitution of Arkansas. Constables are largely of historical significance as they were used to keep the peace in rural areas when travel was more difficult.[21] The township constables as of the 2024 elections are:[22][23]

* Hornor: Wilburt Strotter (D)
* Marion: John Jason O'Neal (D)
* Spring Creek: Lewis Hall (D)
* Tappan: Edgar Williams III (D)

### Politics

[edit]

As a majority-black county, Phillips County is strongly Democratic. It has voted for the Democratic presidential candidate in all but two elections in the last century. Strom Thurmond carried the county in his whites-only Dixiecrat effort in 1948. At that time, Democrats were composed chiefly of conservative whites, as most blacks had been disenfranchised at the turn of the century. Prior to that, they had been affiliated with the Republican Party.

Richard Nixon carried the county in his 1972 landslide. Blacks were not yet voting in full force, following passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, as some states and counties continued to have ways to suppress their vote.

In modern times, heavy depopulation and the state's strong rightward shift has shrunk the margins for Democrats, though Black voters remain strongly Democratic and thus keep the county safely blue.

United States presidential election results for Phillips County, Arkansas[24] Year  | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies)

|
|
|

No.  | % | No.  | % | No.  | %
2024 | 2,098  | 42.49%  | 2,754  | 55.77% | 86  | 1.74%
2020 | 2,417  | 38.72%  | 3,623  | 58.04% | 202  | 3.24%
2016 | 2,446  | 35.18%  | 4,310  | 61.99% | 197  | 2.83%
2012 | 2,598  | 32.76%  | 5,202  | 65.60% | 130  | 1.64%
2008 | 3,097  | 34.53%  | 5,695  | 63.50% | 177  | 1.97%
2004 | 3,161  | 35.65%  | 5,642  | 63.62% | 65  | 0.73%
2000 | 3,154  | 33.87%  | 6,018  | 64.62% | 141  | 1.51%
1996 | 2,205  | 25.73%  | 5,715  | 66.69% | 650  | 7.58%
1992 | 2,695  | 27.40%  | 6,456  | 65.63% | 686  | 6.97%
1988 | 3,892  | 39.47%  | 5,580  | 56.59% | 389  | 3.94%
1984 | 4,686  | 43.70%  | 5,946  | 55.45% | 91  | 0.85%
1980 | 4,270  | 38.31%  | 6,642  | 59.59% | 234  | 2.10%
1976 | 3,342  | 30.06%  | 7,774  | 69.93% | 1  | 0.01%
1972 | 6,235  | 58.90% | 4,283  | 40.46%  | 68  | 0.64%
1968 | 2,154  | 18.78%  | 5,039  | 43.92% | 4,279  | 37.30%
1964 | 3,963  | 40.48%  | 5,818  | 59.43% | 9  | 0.09%
1960 | 2,168  | 32.47%  | 4,105  | 61.48% | 404  | 6.05%
1956 | 2,826  | 40.72%  | 3,917  | 56.44% | 197  | 2.84%
1952 | 2,592  | 40.88%  | 3,741  | 59.01% | 7  | 0.11%
1948 | 351  | 11.33%  | 1,018  | 32.85%  | 1,730  | 55.82%
1944 | 501  | 19.66%  | 2,046  | 80.30% | 1  | 0.04%
1940 | 245  | 9.88%  | 2,235  | 90.12% | 0  | 0.00%
1936 | 94  | 3.98%  | 2,259  | 95.60% | 10  | 0.42%
1932 | 142  | 4.52%  | 2,976  | 94.66% | 26  | 0.83%
1928 | 487  | 19.08%  | 2,061  | 80.76% | 4  | 0.16%
1924 | 454  | 19.65%  | 1,785  | 77.27% | 71  | 3.07%
1920 | 868  | 30.54%  | 1,965  | 69.14% | 9  | 0.32%
1916 | 552  | 27.35%  | 1,466  | 72.65% | 0  | 0.00%
1912 | 198  | 15.06%  | 926  | 70.42% | 191  | 14.52%
1908 | 393  | 24.65%  | 1,194  | 74.91% | 7  | 0.44%
1904 | 251  | 14.83%  | 1,434  | 84.75% | 7  | 0.41%
1900 | 388  | 22.23%  | 1,349  | 77.31% | 8  | 0.46%
1896 | 815  | 41.20%  | 1,085  | 54.85% | 78  | 3.94%

## Education

[edit]

School districts serving Phillips County include the Helena-West Helena School District, the Marvell–Elaine School District, and the Barton–Lexa School District. [25]

Previously the Lake View School District served a portion of the county. On July 1, 2004, the Lake View district merged into the Barton–Lexa district. Previously the Elaine School District served another portion of the county. On July 1, 2006, the Elaine district merged into the Marvell district.[26][27]

Marvell Academy, a private school founded in 1966[28] as a segregation academy,[29] is in unincorporated Phillips County, near Marvell.[30]

## Communities

[edit]

### Cities

[edit]

* Elaine
* Helena–West Helena (county seat)
* Lake View
* Marvell

### Town

[edit]

* Lexa

### Unincorporated places

[edit]

* Barton
* Modoc
* Poplar Grove
* Lambrook

### Townships

[edit]

Townships in Phillips County, Arkansas as of 2010

Townships in Arkansas are the divisions of a county. Each township includes unincorporated areas; some may have incorporated cities or towns within part of their boundaries. Arkansas townships have limited purposes in modern times. However, the United States census does list Arkansas population based on townships (sometimes referred to as "county subdivisions" or "minor civil divisions"). Townships are also of value for historical purposes in terms of genealogical research. Each town or city is within one or more townships in an Arkansas county based on census maps and publications. The townships of Phillips County are listed below; listed in parentheses are the cities, towns, and/or census-designated places that are fully or partially inside the township. [31][32]

Township  | FIPS code  | ANSI code
(GNIS ID)  | Population
center(s)  | Pop.
(2010)  | Pop.
density
(/mi2)  | Pop.
density
(/km2)  | Total area
(mi2)  | Total area
(km2)  | Land area
(mi2)  | Land area
(km2)  | Water area
(mi2)  | Water area
(km2)  | Geographic coordinates

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Big Creek | 05-90273 | 00068945 |  | 425  | 11.05  | 4.26  | 38.474  | 99.65  | 38.474  | 99.65  | 0  | 0.000  | 34°29′04″N 90°53′36″W﻿ / ﻿34.484468°N 90.893231°W﻿ / 34.484468; -90.893231
Cleburne | 05-90849 | 00068946 |  | 660  | 29.12  | 11.24  | 22.692  | 58.77  | 22.665  | 58.70  | 0.027  | 0.06993  | 34°36′32″N 90°41′27″W﻿ / ﻿34.608847°N 90.690904°W﻿ / 34.608847; -90.690904
Cleveland | 05-90870 | 00068947 |  | 198  | 8.01  | 3.09  | 24.731  | 64.05  | 24.722  | 64.03  | 0.009  | 0.02331  | 34°28′46″N 90°58′19″W﻿ / ﻿34.479487°N 90.971919°W﻿ / 34.479487; -90.971919
Cypress | 05-91005 | 00068948 |  | 152  | 9.54  | 3.68  | 15.938  | 41.28  | 15.938  | 41.28  | 0  | 0.000  | 34°28′35″N 91°01′08″W﻿ / ﻿34.476511°N 91.018900°W﻿ / 34.476511; -91.018900
Hickory Ridge | 05-91704 | 00068949 | Marvell | 1,550  | 49.89  | 19.26  | 31.10  | 80.55  | 31.066  | 80.46  | 0.034  | 0.08806  | 34°35′11″N 90°56′11″W﻿ / ﻿34.586411°N 90.936268°W﻿ / 34.586411; -90.936268
Hicksville | 05-91707 | 00068950 |  | 231  | 6.99  | 2.70  | 33.046  | 85.59  | 33.046  | 85.59  | 0  | 0.000  | 34°35′11″N 91°01′00″W﻿ / ﻿34.586511°N 91.016744°W﻿ / 34.586511; -91.016744
Hornor | 05-91767 | 00068951 | part of Helena-West Helena | 9,697  | 265.48  | 102.51  | 36.526  | 94.60  | 36.526  | 94.60  | 0  | 0.000  | 34°32′24″N 90°40′45″W﻿ / ﻿34.539980°N 90.679052°W﻿ / 34.539980; -90.679052
Lake | 05-92094 | 00068953 |  | 41  | 0.91  | 0.35  | 50.741  | 131.4  | 44.870  | 116.2  | 5.871  | 15.21  | 34°24′38″N 90°40′36″W﻿ / ﻿34.410535°N 90.676788°W﻿ / 34.410535; -90.676788
Marion | 05-92391 | 00068955 |  | 589  | 14.42  | 5.57  | 40.865  | 105.8  | 40.846  | 105.8  | 0.019  | 0.04921  | 34°35′51″N 90°52′13″W﻿ / ﻿34.597488°N 90.870256°W﻿ / 34.597488; -90.870256
Mooney | 05-92547 | 00078865 |  | 179  | 1.70  | 0.66  | 115.059  | 298.0  | 105.231  | 272.5  | 9.828  | 25.45  | 34°11′30″N 90°58′10″W﻿ / ﻿34.191547°N 90.969308°W﻿ / 34.191547; -90.969308
St. Francis | 05-93276 | 00068956 | most of Helena-West Helena | 4,746  | 103.10  | 39.82  | 53.971  | 139.8  | 46.034  | 119.2  | 7.937  | 20.56  | 34°32′21″N 90°36′13″W﻿ / ﻿34.539209°N 90.603521°W﻿ / 34.539209; -90.603521
Spring Creek | 05-93462 | 00068958 | Lexa, small part of Lake View | 1,789  | 22.46  | 8.67  | 79.694  | 206.4  | 79.648  | 206.3  | 0.046  | 0.1191  | 34°31′40″N 90°45′56″W﻿ / ﻿34.527768°N 90.765687°W﻿ / 34.527768; -90.765687
Tappan | 05-93573 | 00068959 | Elaine, most of Lake View | 1,500  | 8.49  | 3.28  | 184.506  | 477.9  | 176.595  | 457.4  | 7.911  | 20.49  | 34°20′37″N 90°52′49″W﻿ / ﻿34.343723°N 90.880168°W﻿ / 34.343723; -90.880168
Source: "Census 2010 U.S. Gazetteer Files: County Subdivisions in Arkansas". U.S. Census Bureau, Geography Division. Archived from the original on May 31, 2014.

Source: "Census 2010 U.S. Gazetteer Files". U.S. Census Bureau, Geography Division.

## Notable people

[edit]

* Bruce Bennett,[33] Arkansas Attorney General
* Barry Williamson, attorney and member of the Texas Railroad Commission
* Blanche Lincoln, U.S. Senator
* Mark Lavon "Levon" Helm, drummer and singer for The Band
* Robert Lockwood Jr., blues guitarist and singer
* Angie Craig, U.S. Representative from Minnesota

## See also

[edit]

* United States portal

* List of lakes in Phillips County, Arkansas
* National Register of Historic Places listings in Phillips County, Arkansas

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b "U.S Census Bureau QuickFacts: Phillips County, Arkansas". Retrieved November 29, 2022.
2. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
3. ^ Robertson, Campbell (February 10, 2015). "History of Lynchings in the South Documents Nearly 4,000 Names". The New York Times.
4. ^ "Residents grapple with endemic gun violence". Kaiser Health News. Carolina Public Press. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
5. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
6. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 30, 2024.
7. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
8. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
9. ^ Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
10. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
11. ^ Based on 2000 census data
12. ^ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved December 7, 2021.
13. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
14. ^ "Arkansas Black Population Percentage by County". www.indexmundi.com. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
15. ^ "Quorum Courts". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved April 2, 2025.
16. ^ "Office of County Judge". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved April 2, 2025.
17. ^ "Phillips | Association of Arkansas Counties". www.arcounties.org. Retrieved April 2, 2025.
18. ^ https://www.arcounties.org/site/assets/files/6033/november_races.pdf
19. ^ "Phillips | Association of Arkansas Counties". www.arcounties.org. Retrieved April 2, 2025.
20. ^ "Phillips County, Arkansas, elections, 2024". Ballotpedia. Retrieved April 2, 2025.
21. ^ "What is a Constable?". What is a Constable?. Archived from the original on December 13, 2024. Retrieved April 2, 2025.
22. ^ "Phillips County, Arkansas, elections, 2024". Ballotpedia. Retrieved April 2, 2025.
23. ^ "Election Night Reporting". results.enr.clarityelections.com. Retrieved April 2, 2025.
24. ^ "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". Retrieved November 18, 2016.
25. ^ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Phillips County, AR" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved May 16, 2023. \- Text list
26. ^ "Consolidation/Annexations of LEA's (1983-2010)[usurped]." Arkansas Department of Education. Retrieved on March 2, 2011.
27. ^ "Education Board approves mergers, removes Greenland from fiscal distress". March 13, 2006. Archived from the original on September 12, 2014. Retrieved September 12, 2014.
28. ^ "About Archived 2011-07-14 at the Wayback Machine." Marvell Academy. Retrieved on March 2, 2011.
29. ^ "Private Schools: The Last Refuge." TIME. Friday November 14, 1969. Retrieved on March 2, 2011.
30. ^ "Marvell Academy Principals." Manta. Retrieved on March 2, 2011. "645 Highway 243 Marvell, AR 72366."
31. ^ 2011 Boundary and Annexation Survey (BAS): Phillips County, AR (PDF) (Map). U. S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2012. Retrieved August 21, 2011.
32. ^ "Arkansas: 2010 Census Block Maps - County Subdivision". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 28, 2014.
33. ^ "Bruce Bennett (1917-1979)". encyclopediaofarkansas.net. Retrieved May 10, 2010.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Phillips County, Arkansas.

## External links

[edit]

* Phillips County, Arkansas entry on the Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture

* v
* t
* e

Places adjacent to Phillips County, Arkansas

| Monroe County | Lee County | Tunica County, Mississippi

|
|

|  |

Phillips County, Arkansas

| Coahoma County, Mississippi
|  |
Arkansas County | Desha County | Bolivar County, Mississippi

* v
* t
* e

Municipalities and communities of Phillips County, Arkansas, United States

County seat: Helena-West Helena

Cities|

* Elaine
* Helena-West Helena
* Lake View
* Marvell

Map of Arkansas highlighting Phillips County

Town|

* Lexa

Townships|

* Big Creek
* Cleburne
* Cleveland
* Cypress
* Hickory Ridge
* Hicksville
* Hornor
* Lake
* Marion
* Mooney
* St. Francis
* Spring Creek
* Tappan

CDPs|

* Mellwood
* Oneida
* Poplar Grove

Other unincorporated
communities|

* Barton
* Crumrod
* Cypert
* Ferguson
* Hicksville
* Kingtown
* Lambrook
* Modoc
* Postelle
* Ratio
* Turkey Scratch
* Turner
* Wabash
* Walnut Corner

* Arkansas portal
* United States portal

* v
* t
* e

State of Arkansas

Little Rock (capital)

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34°23′25″N 90°52′11″W﻿ / ﻿34.39028°N 90.86972°W﻿ / 34.39028; -90.86972

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