Pied Piper of Hamelin

German legend

"Pied Piper" redirects here. For other uses, see Pied Piper (disambiguation) and Pied Piper of Hamelin (disambiguation).

1592 painting of the Pied Piper copied from the glass window of Marktkirche in Hamelin Postcard "Gruss aus Hameln" featuring the Pied Piper of Hamelin, 1902

The Pied Piper of Hamelin (German: der Rattenfänger von Hameln, also known as the Pan Piper or the Rat-Catcher of Hamelin) is the title character of a legend from the town of Hamelin (Hameln), Lower Saxony, Germany.

The legend dates back to the Middle Ages. The earliest references describe a piper, dressed in multicoloured ("pied") clothing, who was a rat catcher hired by the town to lure rats away[1] with his magic pipe. When the citizens refused to pay for this service as promised, he retaliated by using his instrument's magical power on their children, leading them away as he had the rats. This version of the story spread as folklore and has appeared in the writings of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, the Brothers Grimm, and Robert Browning, among others. The phrase "pied piper" has become a metaphor for a person who attracts a following through charisma or false promises.[2]

There are many contradictory theories about the Pied Piper. Some suggest he was a symbol of hope to the people of Hamelin, which had been attacked by plague; he drove the rats from Hamelin, saving the people from the epidemic.[3]

1909 Maxfield Parrish mural of the Pied Piper of Hamelin at the Palace Hotel, San Francisco

## Plot

[edit]

In 1284, while the town of Hamelin was suffering from a rat infestation, a piper dressed in multicoloured ("pied") clothing appeared, claiming to be a rat-catcher. He promised the mayor a solution to their problem with the rats. The mayor, in turn, promised to pay him 1,000 guilders for the removal of the rats. The piper accepted and played his pipe to lure the rats into the Weser River, where all the rats drowned.[4]

Despite the piper's success, the mayor reneged on his promise and refused to pay him the full sum (reputedly reduced to 50 guilders) even going so far as to blame the piper for bringing the rats himself in an extortion attempt. Enraged, the piper stormed out of the town, vowing to return later to take revenge. On Saint John and Paul's day, while the adults were in church, the piper returned, dressed in green like a hunter and playing his pipe. In so doing, he attracted the town's children. One hundred and thirty children followed him out of town and into a mountains’ cave, after which they were never seen again. Depending on the version, at most three children remained behind: one was lame and could not follow quickly enough, the second was deaf and therefore could not hear the music, and the last was blind and therefore unable to see where he was going. These three informed the villagers of what had happened when they came out from church.[4]

Other versions relate that the Pied Piper led the children to the top of Koppelberg Hill, where he took them to a beautiful land,[5] or a place called Koppenberg Mountain,[6] or Transylvania. In yet other versions, he made them walk into the Weser as he did with the rats, and they all drowned. Or, the Piper returned the children after extorting payment, or the children were returned only after the villagers paid several times the original payment in gold.[4][7]

The Hamelin street named Bungelosenstrasse ("street without drums") is believed to be the last place that the children were seen. Ever since, music or dancing is not allowed on this street.[8][9]

## Background

[edit]

Further information: List of literary accounts of the Pied Piper

The rats of Hamelin. Illustration by Kate Greenaway for Robert Browning's "The Pied Piper of Hamelin"

The earliest mention of the story seems to have been on a stained-glass window placed in the Church of Hamelin c. 1300. The window was described in several accounts between the 14th and 17th centuries.[10] It was destroyed in 1660. Based on the surviving descriptions, a modern reconstruction of the window has been created by historian Hans Dobbertin. It features the colourful figure of the Pied Piper and several figures of children dressed in white.[11]

The window is generally considered to have been created in memory of a tragic historical event for the town; Hamelin town records also apparently start with this event.[citation needed]

Although research has been conducted for centuries, no explanation for the historical event is universally accepted as true. In any case, the rats were first added to the story in a version from c. 1559 and are absent from earlier accounts.[12]

### 14th-century Decan Lude chorus book

[edit]

Decan Lude of Hamelin was reported c. 1384 to have in his possession a chorus book containing a Latin verse giving an eyewitness account of the event.[13][further explanation needed]

### 15th-century Lüneburg manuscript

[edit]

The Lüneburg manuscript (c. 1440–50) gives an early German account of the event.[14] An article by James P. O'Donnell in The Saturday Evening Post (December 24, 1955) tells how an elderly German researcher, Heinrich Spanuth, discovered the earliest version of the story in the Luneberg city archives in 1936.

On the back of the last tattered page of a dusty chronicle called The Golden Chain, written in Latin in 1370 by the monk Heinrich of Herford, there is written in a different handwriting the following account:[15]

> Here follows a marvellous wonder, which transpired in the town of Hamelin in the diocese of Minden, in this Year of Our Lord, 1284, on the Feast of Saints John and Paul. A certain young man thirty years of age, handsome and well-dressed, so that all who saw him admired him because of his appearance, crossed the bridges and entered the town by the West Gate. He then began to play all through the town a silver pipe of the most magnificent sort. All the children who heard his pipe, in the number of 130, followed him to the East Gate and out of the town to the so-called execution place or Calvary. There they proceeded to vanish, so that no trace of them could be found. The mothers of the children ran from town to town, but they found nothing. It is written: A voice was heard from on high, and a mother was bewailing her son. And as one counts the years according to the Year of Our Lord or according to the first, second or third year of an anniversary, so do the people in Hamelin reckon the years after the departure and disappearance of their children. This report I found in an old book. And the mother of the Dean Johann von Lüde saw the children depart.[16][17][18][note 1]

### Rattenfängerhaus

[edit]

It is rendered in the following form in an inscription on a house known as Rattenfängerhaus (English: "Rat Catcher's House" or Pied Piper's House) in Hamelin:[14]

anno 1284 am dage johannis et pauli war der 26. juni dorch einen piper mit allerley farve bekledet gewesen cxxx kinder verledet binnen hameln geboren to calvarie bi den koppen verloren

(In the year 1284 on the day of [Saints] John and Paul on 26 June 130 children born in Hamelin were lured by a piper clothed in many colours to Calvary near the Koppen, [and] lost)

|

According to author Fanny Rostek-Lühmann this is the oldest surviving account. Koppen (High German Kuppe, meaning a knoll or domed hill) seems to be a reference to one of several hills surrounding Hamelin. Which of them was intended by the manuscript's author remains uncertain.[19]

### The Wedding House

[edit]

A similar inscription can be found on the "Wedding-house or Hochzeitshaus, a fine structure erected between 1610 and 1617[20] for marriage festivities, but diverted from its purpose since 1721. Behind rises the spire of the parish church of St. Nicholas which, in the words of an English book of folklore, may still "enwall stones that witness how the parents prayed, while the Piper wrought sorrow for them without":[21]

Nach Christi Geburt 1284 Jahr
Gingen bei den Koppen unter Verwahr
Hundert und dreissig Kinder, in Hameln geboren
von einem Pfeiffer verfürt und verloren

In the year of Our Lord 1284
went into the Koppen under custody
130 children born in Hamelin
by a piper seduced and lost

|

### The Town Gate

[edit]

A portion of the town gate dating from the year 1556 is currently exhibited at the Hamelin Museum. According to Hamelin Museum, this stone is the oldest surviving sculptural evidence for the legend.[22] It bears the following inscription:[23]

Anno 1556 / Centu[m] ter denos
C[um] mag[us] ab urbe puellos /
Duxerat a[n]te a[n]nos 272.
Condita porta fuit

In the year 1556,
272 years after the magician
stole 130 children from the city,
this gate was founded.

|

### Verses in the monastery at Hamelin

[edit]

The Hamelin Museum writes:[24]

> In the mid 14th Century, a monk from Minden, Heinrich von Herford, puts together a collection of holy legends called the "Catena Aurea".  It speaks of a "miracle" that took place in 1284 in Hamelin.  A youth appeared and played on a strange silver flute.  Every child that heard the flute, followed the stranger.  They left Hamelin by the Eastern gate and disappeared at Kalvarien Hill.  This is the oldest known account of this occurrence. Around this time a verse of rhyme is found in "zu Hameln im Kloster".  It tells about the children's disappearance.  It is written in red ink on the title page of a missal.  It bewails "the 130 beloved Hamelner children" who were "eaten alive by Calvaria".  The original verses are probably the oldest written source of this legend.  It has been missing for hundreds of years.[note 2]

However, different versions of transcriptions of handwritten copies still exist. One was published by Heinrich Meibom in 1688.[25] Another was included by Johann Daniel Gottlieb Herr under the title Passionale Sanctorum in Collectanea zur Geschichte der Stadt Hameln. His manuscript is dated 1761.[26] There are some Latin verses which had a prose version underneath:[27]

Maria audi nos, tibi Filius nil negat.
Post duo C. C. mille post octoginta quaterue
—Annus hic est ille, quo languet sexus uterque—
Orbantis pueros centumque triginta Joannis
Et Pauli caros Hamelenses non sine damnis,
Fatur, ut omnes eos vivos Calvaria sorpsit,
Christi tuere reos, ne tam mala res quibus obsit.

Anno millesimo ducentesimo octuagesimo quarto in die Johannis et Pauli perdiderunt Hamelenses centum et triginta pueros, qui intraverunt montem Calvariam.

Mary, hear us, for your Son denies you nothing.
1284 is that year when members of
both sexes languish (through weakness),
the year of the day John and Paul, which the 130 dear children of Hamelin swept away
and not without doom.
It is said that Calvary swallowed them alive.
Christ, protect the guilty so that no similar evil fate overtake them.[26]

In the year one thousand two hundred and eighty-four, on the day of John and Paul, the Hamelin lost a hundred and thirty children who entered Calvary mount.

|

### 16th- and 17th-century sources

[edit]

Somewhere between 1559 and 1565, Count Froben Christoph von Zimmern included a version in his Zimmerische Chronik.[28] This appears to be the earliest account which mentions the plague of rats. Von Zimmern dates the event only as "several hundred years ago" (vor etlichen hundert jarn [sic]), so that his version throws no light on the conflict of dates (see next paragraph). Another contemporary account is that of Johann Weyer in his De praestigiis daemonum (1563).[29]

## Theories

[edit]

The Pied Piper leads the children out of Hamelin. Illustration by Kate Greenaway for Robert Browning's "The Pied Piper of Hamelin"

### Natural causes

[edit]

A number of theories suggest that children died of some natural causes such as disease or starvation,[30] and that the Piper was a symbolic figure of Death. Analogous themes which are associated with this theory include the Dance of Death, Totentanz or Danse Macabre, a common medieval trope. Some of the scenarios that have been suggested as fitting this theory include that the children drowned in the river Weser, were killed in a landslide or contracted some disease during an epidemic. Another modern interpretation reads the story as alluding to an event where Hamelin children were lured away by a pagan or heretic sect to forests near Coppenbrügge (the mysterious Koppen "hills" of the poem) for ritual dancing where they all perished during a sudden landslide or collapsing sinkhole.[31]

### Emigration

[edit]

Speculation on the emigration theory is based on the idea that, by the 13th century, overpopulation of the area resulted in the oldest son owning all the land and power (majorat), leaving the rest as serfs.[32] It has also been suggested that one reason the emigration of the children was never documented was that the children were sold to a recruiter from the Baltic region of Eastern Europe, a practice that was not uncommon at the time.[33] In his book The Pied Piper: A Handbook, Wolfgang Mieder states that historical documents exist showing that people from the area including Hamelin did help settle parts of Transylvania.[34] Emily Gerard reports in The Land Beyond the Forest an element of the folktale that "popular tradition has averred the Germans who about that time made their appearance in Transylvania to be no other than the lost children of Hamelin, who, having performed their long journey by subterranean passages, reissued to the light of day through the opening of a cavern known as the Almescher Höhle, in the north-east of Transylvania."[35] Transylvania had suffered under lengthy Mongol invasions of Central Europe, led by two grandsons of Genghis Khan and which date from around the time of the earliest appearance of the legend of the piper, the early 13th century.[36]

In the version of the legend posted on the official website for the town of Hamelin, another aspect of the emigration theory is presented:

> Among the various interpretations, reference to the colonization of East Europe starting from Low Germany is the most plausible one: The "Children of Hameln" would have been in those days citizens willing to emigrate being recruited by landowners to settle in Moravia, East Prussia, Pomerania or in the Teutonic Land. It is assumed that in past times all people of a town were referred to as "children of the town" or "town children" as is frequently done today. The "Legend of the children's Exodus" was later connected to the "Legend of expelling the rats". This most certainly refers to the rat plagues being a great threat in the medieval milling town and the more or less successful professional rat catchers.[37]

The theory is provided credence by the fact that family names common to Hamelin at the time "show up with surprising frequency in the areas of Uckermark and Prignitz, near Berlin."[38]

Lokator, in hat

Historian Ursula Sautter, citing the work of linguist Jürgen Udolph, offers this hypothesis in support of the emigration theory:

> "After the defeat of the Danes at the Battle of Bornhöved in 1227," explains Udolph, "the region south of the Baltic Sea, which was then inhabited by Slavs, became available for colonization by the Germans." The bishops and dukes of Pomerania, Brandenburg, Uckermark and Prignitz sent out glib "locators", medieval recruitment officers, offering rich rewards to those who were willing to move to the new lands. Thousands of young adults from Lower Saxony and Westphalia headed east. And as evidence, about a dozen Westphalian place names show up in this area. Indeed there are five villages called Hindenburg running in a straight line from Westphalia to Pomerania, as well as three eastern Spiegelbergs and a trail of etymology from Beverungen south of Hamelin to Beveringen northwest of Berlin to Beweringen in modern Poland.[39]

Udolph favours the hypothesis that the Hamelin youths wound up in what is now Poland.[40] Genealogist Dick Eastman cited Udolph's research on Hamelin surnames that have shown up in Polish phonebooks:

> Linguistics professor Jürgen Udolph says that 130 children did vanish on a June day in the year 1284 from the German village of Hamelin (Hameln in German). Udolph entered all the known family names in the village at that time and then started searching for matches elsewhere. He found that the same surnames occur with amazing frequency in the regions of Prignitz and Uckermark, both north of Berlin. He also found the same surnames in the former Pomeranian region, which is now a part of Poland.

> Udolph surmises that the children were actually unemployed youths who had been sucked into the German drive to colonize its new settlements in Eastern Europe. The Pied Piper may never have existed as such, but, says the professor, "There were characters known as lokators who roamed northern Germany trying to recruit settlers for the East." Some of them were brightly dressed, and all were silver-tongued.

> Professor Udolph can show that the Hamelin exodus should be linked with the Battle of Bornhöved in 1227 which broke the Danish hold on Eastern Europe. That opened the way for German colonization, and by the latter part of the thirteenth century there were systematic attempts to bring able-bodied youths to Brandenburg and Pomerania. The settlement, according to the professor's name search, ended up near Starogard in what is now northwestern Poland. A village near Hamelin, for example, is called Beverungen and has an almost exact counterpart called Beveringen, near Pritzwalk, north of Berlin and another called Beweringen, near Starogard.

> Local Polish telephone books list names that are not the typical Slavic names one would expect in that region. Instead, many of the names seem to be derived from German names that were common in the village of Hamelin in the thirteenth century. In fact, the names in today's Polish telephone directories include Hamel, Hamler and Hamelnikow, all apparently derived from the name of the original village.[41]

### Other

[edit]

Some theories have linked the disappearance of the children to mass psychogenic illness in the form of dancing mania. Dancing mania outbreaks occurred during the 13th century, including one in 1237 in which a large group of children travelled from Erfurt to Arnstadt (about 20 km (12 mi)), jumping and dancing all the way,[42] in marked similarity to the legend of the Pied Piper of Hamelin, which originated at around the same time.[43]

Others have suggested that the children left Hamelin to be part of a pilgrimage, a military campaign, or even a new Children's Crusade (which is said to have occurred in 1212) but never returned to their parents. These theories see the unnamed Piper as their leader or a recruiting agent. The townspeople made up this story (instead of recording the facts) to avoid the wrath of the church or the king.[44]

William Manchester's A World Lit Only by Fire places the events in 1484, and further proposes that the Pied Piper was a psychopathic paedophile.[45]

## Adaptations

[edit]

The Lame Child. A 19th-century illustration by Kate Greenaway for Robert Browning's "The Pied Piper of Hamelin"

### Literature

[edit]

* In 1803, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe wrote a poem based on the story that was later set to music by Hugo Wolf. Goethe also incorporated references to the story in his version of Faust. (The first part of the drama was first published in 1808 and the second in 1832.)
* Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm, known as the Brothers Grimm, drawing from 11 sources, included the tale in their collection Deutsche Sagen (first published in 1816). According to their account, two children were left behind, as one was blind and the other lame, so neither could follow the others. The rest became the founders of Siebenbürgen (Transylvania).[19]
* Robert Browning wrote a poem called "The Pied Piper of Hamelin", using the 1605 Verstegan version of the tale (the earliest account in English) and adopting the 1376 date. The poem was published in Browning's Dramatic Lyrics (1842).[46] His retelling in verse is notable for its humour, wordplay, and jingling rhymes.[citation needed][according to whom?]
* Viktor Dyk's Krysař (The Rat-Catcher), published in 1915, retells the story in a slightly darker, more enigmatic way. The short novel also features the character of Faust.
* In Marina Tsvetaeva's long poem liricheskaia satira, The Rat-Catcher (serialized in the émigré journal Volia Rossii in 1925–1926), rats are an allegory of people influenced by Bolshevik propaganda.[according to whom?][47]
* Shel Silverstein's poem "The One Who Stayed", published as part of his collection Where the Sidewalk Ends in 1974, tells the Pied Piper story from the point of view of a child who was too scared to follow him.
* Gloria Skurzynski's 1979 children's novel What Happened in Hamelin re-tells the Piped Piper story documenting the 1284 Hamelin events using research of medieval manuscripts, but gives the Piper an apprentice, a badly treated baker's servant, who discovers his new master's intended vengeance.
* "Emissary from Hamelin" is a short story written by Harlan Ellison, published in 1978 in the collection Strange Wine.
* The paperback horror novel Come, Follow Me by Philip Michaels (Avon Books, 1983) is based on the story.
* China Miéville's 1998 London-set novel King Rat centers on the ancient rivalry between the rats (some of whom are portrayed as having humanlike characteristics) and the Pied Piper, who appears in the novel as a mysterious musician named Pete who infiltrates the local club-music scene.
* Terry Pratchett's 2001 young-adult novel, The Amazing Maurice and His Educated Rodents, parodies the legend from the perspective of the rats, the piper and their handler. It was adapted as an CGI animated film released in 2022.
* In 2011, Michael Morpurgo retold the story in a children's novel, The Pied Piper of Hamelin, illustrated by Emma Chichester Clark, with a social agenda twist.[48]
* In 2014, Russell Brand's The Pied Piper of Hamelin was published by Atria Books (ISBN 978-1-4767-9189-0) as Book 1 of his Trickster Tales, setting the story in a more modern era and making some of the children as (and in some cases even more) repulsive than the adults. He also narrated the audiobook version (see below in "Audio").
* The short story "The Rat King" by John Connolly, first included in the 2016 edition of his novel The Book of Lost Things, is a fairly faithful adaptation of the legend, but with a new ending. It was adapted for BBC Radio 4 and first broadcast on 28 October 2016.
* Piper, a 2017 liberal adaptation of the original story into a Young Adult graphic novel written by Jay Asher and Jessica Freeburg and illustrated by Jeff Stokely, from Penguin imprint Razorbill.
* The Pied Piper is a central figure in Rainbow Valley and Rilla of Ingleside by Lucy Maud Montgomery, calling, or in hindsight luring, that generation of boys off to war.[49][50]

> "The Piper is coming nearer," he said, "he is nearer than he was that evening I saw him before. His long, shadowy cloak is blowing around him. He pipes—he pipes—and we must follow—Jem and Carl and Jerry and I—round and round the world. Listen—listen—can't you hear his wild music?"[49]

* Matthew Cody has written a trilogy for young readers entitled The Secrets of the Pied Piper, consisting of The Peddler's Road (2015, ISBN 978-0385755283), The Magician's Key (2016, ISBN 978-0385755283) and The Piper's Apprentice (2017, ISBN 978-0385755306), telling the story of two siblings who, while visiting Hamelin with their father, are transported to the Summer Isle, where the original stolen Hamelin children (who have not aged a day) now live, and must find a way to escape back to the real world.
* In 2024, Book 1: Hamelin, the first book in The Children of the Piper series by Peter Smart, was published by PiperHaus (ISBN 978-1-966158-01-1) and is a fully illustrated twist on the classic tale told from the point of view of 13-year-old Sofia Müller, a girl living in Hamelin at the time. Instead of asking for gold or silver to get rid of the town's rat infestation, the piper asks for a promise instead: because the adults of the town had not been treating the children very well, they must agree to start treating them as they wished they would have been treated when they were children themselves. A year later, after the townsfolk fail to keep their promise, the piper takes the children away.

### Film

[edit]

* The Pied Piper (1924), a combination live-action/animated silent short directed by and starring Walter Lantz and his cartoon creation "Dinky Doodle", putting the "Pied Piper" concept in a modern setting with an artist being constantly bothered by cartoon mice interrupting his work.[51]
* The Pied Piper (16 September 1933) is a short animated film based on the story, produced by Walt Disney Productions, directed by Wilfred Jackson, and released as a part of Walt Disney's Silly Symphonies series. It stars the voice talents of Billy Bletcher as the Mayor of Hamelin.[52]
* Pied Piper Porky (1939), starring Porky Pig, is a Looney Tunes parody of the tale of the Pied Piper, in which one rat doesn't fall for Porky's tune and breaks his pipe, causing Porky to call upon a cat who's afraid of mice.
* The Pied Piper of Basin Street (1945), a Walter Lantz Swing Symphony cartoon transposing the Pied Piper story to a modern city, with the Piper playing a trombone (performed by Jack Teagarden) to lure away and capture all the rats and then after the Mayor cheats him luring away all the teenagers by impersonating "Hank Swoonatra".
* Paying the Piper (1949), starring Porky Pig, is another Looney Tunes parody of the tale of the Pied Piper in which the cats aren't happy that Porky has rid the town of rats.
* The Pied Piper of Guadalupe (1961), starring Sylvester and Speedy Gonzales, is a Looney Tunes parody of the tale of the Pied Piper in which Sylvester is inspired to imitate the Piper in order to catch all of the mice in town.
* The Pied Piper is a 1972 British film directed by Jacques Demy and starring Jack Wild, Donald Pleasence and John Hurt, featuring Donovan in the title role and Diana Dors.[53]
* Pink Piper is a 1976 theatrical short starring The Pink Panther in which after "The Pink Piper" unsuccessfully tries to lead a mouse out of a villager's house, he then tries to save it when the villager tries to kill the mouse himself.
* The Pied Piper of Hamelin is a 1981 stop-motion animated film by Cosgrove Hall using Robert Browning's original poem verbatim, narrated by Robert Hardy. This adaptation was later shown as an episode for the PBS series Long Ago and Far Away.
* In 1986, Jiří Bárta made the animated movie Krysař (The Pied Piper) based more on the above-mentioned story by Viktor Dyk; the movie was accompanied by a score by Michael Kocáb.
* The 1995 anime film Sailor Moon SuperS: The Movie contained a character who used magic flute to hypnotize children and make them follow him, similar to the Pied Piper.
* The 1995 American black comedy movie Ice Cream Man makes heavy allusions to the Pied Piper legend and its similarities to the modern institution of the ice cream truck.
* In Atom Egoyan's The Sweet Hereafter (1997), the legend of the Pied Piper is a metaphor for a town's failure to protect its children.[54]
* The Pied Piper, "voiced" by Jeremy Steig, has a small role (flute only) in the 2010 Dreamworks animated film Shrek Forever After.
* In 2015, a South Korean horror movie, The Piper, was released. It is a loose adaptation of the Brothers Grimm tale where the Pied Piper uses the rats for his revenge to kill all the villagers except for the children whom he traps in a cave.[55]
* In 2023, Erlingur Thoroddsen directed The Piper, a dark reimagining of the tale, starring Charlotte Hope, Julian Sands, Kate Nichols, Oliver Savell, Alexis Rodney, Philipp Christopher, Salomé Chandler, Aoibhe O'Flanagan, Louise Gold, Pippa Winslow, and Boyan Anev.[56]
* Also in 2023, Anthony Waller directed Piper, another dark reimagining of the tale written by Waller and Duncan Kennedy, starring Elizabeth Hurley, Mia Jenkins, Jack Stewart and Arben Bajraktaraj as The Piper.[57]

### Television

[edit]

* Van Johnson starred as the Piper in NBC studios' adaptation: The Pied Piper of Hamelin (1957).
* In 1985 Robert Browning's poetic retelling of the story was adapted and directed by Nicholas Meyer as an episode of Shelley Duvall's Faerie Tale Theatre starring Eric Idle as both the Piper and Robert Browning in the prologue and epilogue narrating the poem to a young boy.
* Gloria Skurzynski's 1979 children's novel What Happened in Hamelin (see above in "Literature") was adapted as an episode of CBS Storybreak under the same title and released as the 3rd episode of Season 3 on October 3rd, 1987 and is considered to be lost media.
* The cast of Peanuts did their own version of the tale in the direct-to-DVD special It's the Pied Piper, Charlie Brown (2000), which was the final special to have the involvement of original creator Charles Schulz, who died before it was released.
* The 2003 television film The Electric Piper, set in the United States in the 1960s, depicts the piper as a psychedelic rock guitarist modeled after Jimi Hendrix.
* The Pied Piper of Hamelin was adapted in Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child where it uses jazz music. The episode featured Wesley Snipes as the Pied Piper and the music performed by Ronnie Laws as well as the voices of Samuel L. Jackson as the Mayor of Hamelin, Grant Shaud as the Mayor's assistant Toadey, John Ratzenberger and Richard Moll as respective guards Hinky and Dinky.[58]
* In The Sarah Jane Adventures the Pied Piper is a shapeshifting alien who manifests from people's fears.
* In the American TV series Once Upon a Time, the Pied Piper is revealed to be Peter Pan, who is using pipes to call out to "lost boys" and take them away from their homes.
* In the Netflix series The Society, a man named Pfeiffer removes a mysterious smell from the town of West Ham, but is not paid. Two days later he takes the kids on field trip in a school bus and returns them to an alternate version of the town where the adults are not present.
* In Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles there is a villain called the Rat King who uses rats as troops; like the Pied Piper he uses a flute to charm them and even turns Master Splinter on his prized students.
* The HBO series Silicon Valley centers around a compression company called Pied Piper. The denouement of the series depicts the company as benevolent and self-sacrificing as opposed to the extortionist depiction in the fable. One of the characters refers to the company's eponymous inspiration as "a predatory flautist who murders children in a cave."
* Piedmon, from the first season of the animated series Digimon (1999), is also based on the Pied Piper. In the show, he played a pipe and was able to lure other people and Digimon to do his bidding, much like mind control.
* The Grimm Variations, a 2024 Netflix anime series, features a retelling of the story, in which the Pied Piper is a visitor to an isolated village who introduces an illicit picture to a teacher, who uses it to try and seduce a student.

### Audio

[edit]

* The Robert Browning poem has been recorded many times, with narrators including Boris Karloff, Gene Kelly, Ingrid Bergman, Peter Ustinov, Orson Welles, Peggy Ashcroft, Laurence Olivier, Anton Lesser and David Tennant.
* The Mickey Mouse Theater of the Air broadcast an adaptation on March 13, 1938.
* Columbia Workshop broadcast an adaptation on July 21, 1946 on CBS with Donald Ogden Stewart as the Narrator and Arthur Q. Bryan (the voice of "Elmer Fudd") as "The Mayor".
* Author's Playhouse broadcast an adaptation on December 11, 1944 on NBC.
* In 1963, the story was adapted as part of the Tale Spinners for Children vinyl record series (UAC 11017) along with an adaptation of Hans Christian Andersen's The Tinder Box.
* On 23 August 2000, The Amazing Ratman Story, written by David Sheasby, was broadcast on BBC Radio 4 as part of their Afternoon Play series, with Bernard Cribbins and Geraldine Fitzgerald.[59] In this version of the Pied Piper story, set in a retirement home, an old man makes a deal with a television crew to tell them his tale about a piper, a mayor and a town plagued with rats. The radio play has since been rebroadcast several times on BBC Radio 7 and BBC Radio 4 Extra.
* A reading of John Connolly's story The Rat King (see the entry above in "Literature"), performed by Peter Marinker, was broadcast on BBC Radio 4 on 28 October 2016[60] and rebroadcast on BBC Radio 4 Extra on 20 and 21 January 2019.[61]
* In 2014, Russell Brand narrated the audiobook version of his book The Pied Piper of Hamelin (see above in "Literature") for Simon & Schuster Audio.[62]
* Shel Silverstein narrated his poem "The One Who Stayed" in the audiobook recording of his collection Where the Sidewalk Ends (see above in "Literature").[63]

### Music

[edit]

* Karl Weigl composed a children's operetta The Pied Piper of Hamelin in 1934, with libretto by Helene Scheu-Riesz. Under the direction of Davide Casali, the Festival Viktor Ullmann mounted a dramatic performance of the operetta in 2021 in Italian rather than the original German.
* The 1966 pop song The Pied Piper, most notably recorded by Crispian St. Peters, is about the legend.
* In 1970, Nicolas Flagello composed the opera The Piper of Hamelin. In 1999, Newport Classics released a recording of a live performance of the opera performed by the Metropolitan School of Music Preparatory Division, featuring Sesame Street's Bob McGrath as the Narrator and Brace Negron as the Piper.[64]
* In 1972, a musical version of the story titled The Pied Piper was released by EMI's Starline Records (SRS 5144) as part of the David Frost Presents series, a series of LPs featuring David Frost narrating fairytales and supported in song and vocal dramatization by famous British comedians of the 50s & 60s, with music by Roger Webb, lyrics by Norman Newell and featuring Doctor Who star Jon Pertwee as the Piper and Miriam Margolyes.[65]
* In 1972, English progressive rock band Genesis mas reference to the Pied Piper that "takes his children underground" in the Section 6 (Apocalypse in 9/8: Co-starring the Delicious Talents of Gabble Ratchet) of their song Supper's Ready (recorded for their studio album Foxtrox).
* In 1985, Harvey Shield's musical Hamelin: A Musical Tale from Rats to Riches, written with Richard Jarboe and Matthew Wells, was produced off-Broadway at the Circle in the Square Downtown Theatre in Greenwich Village, New York following initial productions at the Olio in Los Angeles and Musical Theater Works in New York, running for 33 performances.[66] A recording was released in 2003 under the title The Pied Piper of Hamelin: A Musical.
* Karlheinz Stockhausen's 1988 opera Montag aus Licht (part of the seven-opera cycle Licht) includes a Kinderfänger (German for "child-catcher") or Pied Piper character.
* In 1989, W11 Opera premiered Koppelberg, an opera they commissioned from composer Steve Gray and lyricist Norman Brooke; the work was based on the Robert Browning poem.[67]
* Demons and Wizards' first album, Demons and Wizards (2000), includes a track called "The Whistler" which recounts the tale of the Pied Piper.
* In 2016, Victorian Opera presented The Pied Piper, an Opera by Richard Mills. At the Playhouse the Art Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
* The song "Pied Piper" by Korean boy group BTS was dedicated to their fans. It reminded them not to get distracted by said group.
* The Pied Piper, an opera in one act based on the poem with additional material by Adam Cornford with music by Daniel Steven Crafts.
* Ratcatcher, a 2022 song by GWAR, has GWAR's lead singer take credit for being the Piper and stealing the children when their bill went unpaid.

### Other

[edit]

* The Town on the Edge of the End, a comic-book version, was published by Walt Kelly in his 1954 Pogo collection Pogo Stepmother Goose.
* The 1995 video game Piper is a Western re-telling of the original legend of the Pied Piper.
* In the anime adaptation of the Japanese light novel series, Problem Children Are Coming from Another World, Aren't They? (2013), a major story revolves around the "false legend" of Pied Piper of Hamelin. The adaptation speaks in great length about the original source and the various versions of the story that sprang up throughout the years. It is stated that Weser, the representation of Natural Disaster, was the true Piper of Hamelin (meaning the children were killed by drowning or landslides).[68]
* In Ever After High, the Pied Piper has a daughter named Melody.
* In 2019, the collectible card game Magic: The Gathering introduced Throne of Eldraine, a new set based on European folk and fairy tales. This set contained the first direct reference to the Piper, by being named "Piper of the Swarm". This was followed in 2023 by Wilds of Eldraine, which contained further references to rats and a Pied Piper figure named Totentanz.
* The Pied Piper is a playable character in Ravenswatch, a 2024 video game developed by Passtech Games and published by Nacon that features many legendary characters from folklore fighting "the Nightmare".

## Allusions in linguistics

[edit]

In linguistics, pied-piping is the common name for the ability of question words and relative pronouns to drag other words along with them when brought to the front, as part of the phenomenon called Wh-movement. For example, in "For whom are the pictures?", the word "for" is pied-piped by "whom" away from its declarative position ("The pictures are for me"), and in "The mayor, pictures of whom adorn his office walls" both words "pictures of" are pied-piped in front of the relative pronoun, which normally starts the relative clause.

Some researchers believe that the tale has inspired the common English phrase "pay the piper,"[69] meaning to pay one's debts (or, metaphorically, face the consequences of one's decisions) rather than attempting to evade them. However, the phrase "pay the piper" may also be a contraction of the English proverb "he who pays the piper calls the tune."[69] This proverb, in contrast to the modern interpretation of paying a debt, suggests that the person who bears the financial responsibility for something also has the right to determine how it should be carried out.[70]

## Modernity

[edit]

The present-day city of Hamelin continues to maintain information about the Pied Piper legend and possible origins of the story on its website. Interest in the city's connection to the story remains so strong that, in 2009, Hamelin held a tourist festival to mark the 725th anniversary of the disappearance of the town's earlier children.[71] The Rat Catcher's House is popular with visitors, although it bears no connection to the Rat-Catcher version of the legend. Indeed, the Rattenfängerhaus is instead associated with the story due to the earlier inscription upon its facade mentioning the legend. The house was built much later, in 1602 and 1603. It is now a Hamelin City-owned restaurant with a Pied Piper theme throughout.[72] The city also maintains an online shop with rat-themed merchandise as well as offering an officially licensed Hamelin Edition of the popular board game Monopoly which depicts the legendary Piper on the cover.[73]

In addition to the recent milestone festival, each year the city marks 26 June as "Rat Catcher's Day". In the United States, a similar holiday for exterminators based on Rat Catcher's Day is marked on 22 July, but has not caught on.[74]

## See also

[edit]

* Children's literature portal

* Hamelen (TV series)
* Hamline University, whose mascot is the Pied Piper
* List of literary accounts of the Pied Piper

## Footnotes

[edit]

1. ^ O'Donnell translates the name "Johann von Lüde" as "John of Luede" (the original Latin sentence goes: "Et mater domini Johannis de Lude decani vidit pueros recedentes"), uses the description "Calvary Cross", and makes no mention of an execution place. O'Donnell also writes that the piper plays on a "magic silver flute". Both O'Donnell and Wolfgang Wieder write "the Weser Gate" instead of "the West Gate". All three sources translate decani with "deacon", but he was a Stiftsdechant, which in German can also be written Dekan and Dekant. In English this position is called Dean. Johann von Lüde was a dean, not a deacon.
2. ^ Catena Aurea in Latin is the same as The Golden Chain in English

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Hanif, Anees (3 January 2015). "Was the Pied Piper of Hamelin real?". ARY News. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
2. ^ "Pied piper – Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary". Merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 7 December 2011.
3. ^ "Deutungsansätze zur Sage: Ein Funken Wahrheit mit einer Prise Phantasie". Stadt Hameln (in German). Retrieved 29 December 2017.
4. ^ a b c Ashliman, D. L. (ed.). "The Pied Piper of Hameln and related legends from other towns". University of Pittsburgh. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
5. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Hameln" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 876.
6. ^ Wallechinsky, David; Wallace, Irving (1975–1981). "True Story The Pied Piper of Hamelin Never Piped". The People's Almanac. Trivia-Library.Com. Retrieved 4 September 2008.
7. ^ "Die wohl weltweit bekannteste Version". Stadt Hameln (in German). Retrieved 29 December 2017.
8. ^ Cuervo, Maria J. Pérez (19 February 2019). "The Lost Children of Hamelin". The Daily Grail. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
9. ^ Pearson, Lizz (18 February 2005). "On the trail of the real Pied Piper". BBC. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
10. ^ Reader's Digest (2003). Reader's Digest the Truth about History: How New Evidence is Transforming the Story of the Past. Reader's Digest Association. p. 294\. ISBN 978-0-7621-0523-6.
11. ^ "Pied Piper of Hamelin". 6 February 2021.
12. ^ "Der Rattenfänger von Hameln". Museum Hameln (in German). Archived from the original on 7 June 2016. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
13. ^ Krogmann, Willy (1934). Der Rattenfänger von Hameln: Eine Untersuchung über das werden der sage (in German). E. Ebering. p. 67.
14. ^ a b Illustrated in Rattenfänger von Hameln
15. ^ Richter, John Henry; et al. (Leo Baeck Institute Archives). John H. Richter Collection 1904-1994 (in German).
16. ^ Medievalists.net (8 December 2014). "The Pied Piper of Hamelin: A Medieval Mass Abduction?". Medievalists.net. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
17. ^ Mieder, Wolfgang (11 August 2015). Tradition and Innovation in Folk Literature. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-37685-9.
18. ^ "The Lüneburg Manuscript – The original manuscript published digitally. HAB – Handschriftendatenbank – Handschrift lg-rb-theol-2f-25". diglib.hab.de. Retrieved 15 December 2021. ""Et mater domini Johannis de Lude decani vidit pueros recedentes" Notes to the quote: He was a Stiftsdechant, which, in German, can also be written Dekan and Dekant. In English this position is called Dean. He was a dean, not a deacon."
19. ^ a b Rostek-Lühmann, Fanny. "Der Rattenfänger von Hameln". Hinrich Lühmann. Retrieved 14 January 2018.
20. ^ "Museum Hameln – 400 years Hochzeitshaus" (in German). Retrieved 16 December 2021.
21. ^ Folklore Society (Great Britain) (1890). Folklore. Robarts - University of Toronto. London, Folk-lore Society.
22. ^ "Commemorative stone (New Gate Stone) – Hameln Museum" (in German). Retrieved 16 December 2021.
23. ^ Mieder, Wolfgang (11 August 2015). Tradition and Innovation in Folk Literature. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-37686-6.
24. ^ "The Hameln Museum – The Pied Piper in Literatur and Arts: The Children's Exodus" (in German). Retrieved 16 December 2021.
25. ^ Meibom, Heinrich (1688). RERVM GERMANICARVM TOM. III. Dissertationes Historicas varii argumenti & Chronica Monasteriorum Saxoniae nonnulla continets MEIBOMIIS Auctoribus (in Latin). Typis & Sumptibus Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii, Acad. Typogr.
26. ^ a b Scutts, Julian. "Ad fontes: A Timeline of Accounts of the Pied Piper Story".
27. ^ Folklore Society (Great Britain) (1890). Folklore. Robarts - University of Toronto. London, Folk-lore Society. p. 242.
28. ^ F. C. von Zimmern [attr.]: Zimmerische Chronik, ed. K. A. Barack (Stuttgart, 1869), vol. III, pp. 198–200.
29. ^ Weyer, Johannes (1568). De Praestigiis Daemonum, Et Incantationibus ac veneficiis. Retrieved 14 January 2018.
30. ^ Wolfers, D. (April 1965). "A Plaguey Piper". The Lancet. 285 (7388): 756–757\. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(65)92112-4. PMID 14255255.
31. ^ Hüsam, Gernot (1990). Der Koppen-Berg der Rattenfängersage von Hameln [The Koppen hill of Pied Piper of Hamelin legend]. Coppenbrügge Museum Society.
32. ^ Borsch, Stuart J (2005). The Black Death in Egypt and England: A Comparative Study. University of Texas Press. p. 57\. ISBN 0-292-70617-0..
33. ^ Sheila Harty, "Pied Piper Revisited", Essay published in: David Bridges, Terence H. McLaughlin (eds), Education And The Market Place, Routledge, 1994, p. 89. ISBN 0-7507-0348-2.
34. ^ Mieder, Wolfgang (2007). The Pied Piper: A Handbook. Greenwood Press. p. 67\. ISBN 978-0-313-33464-1.
35. ^ Gerard, Emily (1888). The Land Beyond the Forest: Facts, Figures, and Fancies from Transylvania. Harper & Brothers. p. 30.
36. ^ Thompson, Helen (26 May 2016). "Climate probably stopped Mongols cold in Hungary". Science News.
37. ^ "The Legend of the Pied Piper". Rattenfängerstadt Hameln. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 3 September 2008.
38. ^ Kadushin, Raphael (3 September 2020). "The grim truth behind the Pied Piper". www.bbc.com. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
39. ^ Sautter, Ursula (27 April 1998). "Fairy Tale Ending". Time International. p. 58.
40. ^ Karacs, Imre (27 January 1998). "Twist in the tale of Pied Piper's kidnapping". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022.
41. ^ Eastman, Dick (7 February 1998). "Pied Piper of Hamelin". Eastman's Online Genealogy Newsletter. Vol. 3, no. 6\. Ancestry Publishing. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 5 September 2008.
42. ^ Marks, Robert W. (2005). The Story of Hypnotism. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4191-5424-9.
43. ^ Schullian, D. M. (1977). "The Dancing Pilgrims at Muelebeek". Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 32 (3). Oxford University Press: 315–9\. doi:10.1093/jhmas/xxxii.3.315. PMID 326865.
44. ^ Bučková, Tamara. "Wie liest man ein Buch, ein Theaterstück oder einen Film?! Rattenfäger von Hameln 'Nur' eine Sage aus der Vergangenheit?" (PDF) (in German). Retrieved 29 December 2017.
45. ^ Manchester, William (2009). A World Lit Only by Fire: The Medieval Mind and the Renaissance – Portrait of an Age. Little, Brown. p. 63\. ISBN 978-0-316-08279-2.
46. ^ Browning, Robert. "The Pied Piper of Hamelin". Lancashire Grid for Learning. Retrieved 27 July 2010.
47. ^ Forrester, Sibelan E.S. (2002). "Review Of "The Ratcatcher: A Lyrical Satire" By M. Tsvetaeva And Translated By A. Livingstone". Slavic and East European Journal. 46 (2): 383–385\. doi:10.2307/3086191. JSTOR 3086191.
48. ^ Lempke, Susan Dove (January–February 2012). "The Pied Piper of Hamelin". Horn Book Magazine. Vol. 88, no. 1\. pp. 108–109.
49. ^ a b "The Project Gutenberg eBook of Rainbow Valley, by Lucy Maud Montgomery". www.gutenberg.org. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
50. ^ "The Project Gutenberg E-text of Rilla of Ingleside, by Lucy Maud Montgomery". www.gutenberg.org. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
51. ^ "The Pied Piper (1924)". IMDB.com. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
52. ^ "The Pied Piper (1933)". IMDB. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
53. ^ "The Pied Piper (1972)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on 28 April 2016. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
54. ^ Kelly, Brendan (16 May 1997). "The Sweet Hereafter". Variety. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
55. ^ "The Piper (2015)". IMDB. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
56. ^ Wiseman, Andreas (28 June 2021). "Charlotte Hope & Julian Sands To Star In Millennium Horror 'The Piper'; Filming Underway In Bulgaria". Deadline Hollywood.
57. ^ "The Piper (2023)". IMDB.com. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
58. ^ "Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child". IMDB. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
59. ^ "Afternoon Play: The Amazing Ratman Story". BBC Programme Index. 23 August 2000. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
60. ^ "Book at Bedtime: The Rat King". BBC Programme Index. 28 October 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
61. ^ "The Rat King by John Connolly". BBC Programme Index. 20 January 2019. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
62. ^ "The Pied Piper of Hamelin: Russell Brand's Trickster Tales". Audible.com. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
63. ^ "Shel Silverstein - Where the Sidewalk Ends". Amazon.com. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
64. ^ "Nicolas Flagello, Manhattan School Of Music Preparatory Division, Jonathan Strasser, Bob McGrath – The Piper Of Hamelin". Discogs.com. 1999. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
65. ^ "David Frost Presents: The Pied Piper (of Hamelin)". Discogs.com. 1972. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
66. ^ "Hamelin: A Musical Tale from Rats to Riches". Internet Off-Broadway Database. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
67. ^ "Koppelberg". W11 Opera. 21 June 2012. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
68. ^ Diomeda (2 March 2013). "8. It Seems that a Great Disaster will Come with the Playing of a Flute?". Problem Children are Coming from Another World, Aren't They?. Season 1.
69. ^ a b Mieder, Wolfgang (1999). ""To pay the Piper" and the legend of "The Pied Piper of Hamelin"". De Proverbia Journal. Archived from the original on 17 February 2004. Retrieved 3 September 2008.
70. ^ "He who pays the piper calls the tune". Cambridge Dictionaries Online. Cambridge University Press.
71. ^ "Goosebumps and romance in Hamelin". Pied Piper Anniversary. 13 November 2008. Archived from the original on 1 July 2011.
72. ^ Page, Helen (June 2012). "Rattenfängerhaus – The Rat Catcher's House in Hameln". Travelsignposts. Retrieved 13 October 2013.
73. ^ "Monopoly Hameln" [Hamelin Monopoly Game] (in German). January 2005. Retrieved 13 October 2013.
74. ^ Roach, John (21 July 2004). "Rat Catcher's Day Eludes Pest Control Industry". National Geographic News. Archived from the original on 19 July 2018.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Marco Bergmann: Dunkler Pfeifer – Die bisher ungeschriebene Lebensgeschichte des "Rattenfängers von Hameln", BoD, 2. Auflage 2009, ISBN 978-3-8391-0104-9.
* Hans Dobbertin: Quellensammlung zur Hamelner Rattenfängersage. Schwartz, Göttingen 1970.
* Hans Dobbertin: Quellenaussagen zur Rattenfängersage. Niemeyer, Hameln 1996 (erw. Neuaufl.). ISBN 3-8271-9020-7.
* Stanisław Dubiski: Ile prawdy w tej legendzie? (How much truth is there behind the Pied Piper Legend?). [In:] "Wiedza i Życie", No 6/1999.
* Radu Florescu: In Search of the Pied Piper. Athena Press 2005. ISBN 1-84401-339-1.
* Norbert Humburg: Der Rattenfänger von Hameln. Die berühmte Sagengestalt in Geschichte und Literatur, Malerei und Musik, auf der Bühne und im Film. Niemeyer, Hameln 2. Aufl. 1990. ISBN 3-87585-122-6.
* Peter Stephan Jungk: Der Rattenfänger von Hameln. Recherchen und Gedanken zu einem sagenhaften Mythos. [In:] "Neue Rundschau", No 105 (1994), vol.2, pp. 67–73.
* Ullrich Junker: Rübezahl – Sage und Wirklichkeit. [In:] „Unser Harz. Zeitschrift für Heimatgeschichte, Brauchtum und Natur". Goslar, December 2000, pp. 225–228.
* Wolfgang Mieder: Der Rattenfänger von Hameln. Die Sage in Literatur, Medien und Karikatur. Praesens, Wien 2002. ISBN 3-7069-0175-7.
* Aleksander R. Michalak: Denar dla Szczurołapa, Replika 2018. ISBN 978-83-7674-703-3
* Heinrich Spanuth: Der Rattenfänger von Hameln. Niemeyer Hameln 1951.
* Izabela Taraszczuk: Die Rattenfängersage: zur Deutung und Rezeption der Geschichte. [In:] Robert Buczek, Carsten Gansel, Paweł Zimniak, eds.: Germanistyka 3. Texte in Kontexten. Zielona Góra: Oficyna Wydawnicza Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego 2004, pp. 261–273. ISBN 83-89712-29-6.
* Jürgen Udolph: Zogen die Hamelner Aussiedler nach Mähren? Die Rattenfängersage aus namenkundlicher Sicht. [In:] Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte 69 (1997), pp. 125–183. ISSN 0078-0561
* Gernot Hüsam: New insights into the Pied Piper story: Hamelin's almost solved criminal case (English Edition 2024) ASIN B0DQLMBGRF

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pied piper.

English Wikisource has original text related to this article:

The Pied Piper

* Maria J. Pérez Cuervo: "The Lost Children of Hamelin". Originally published in Fortean Times.
* The Lüneburg Manuscript – The original manuscript published digitally
* Chronica Ecclesiæ Hamelensis (1384) by Joannem de Polda, Seniorem Ecclesiæ, in Rerum Germanicarum tomi III : I. Historicos Germanicos (1688) by Heinrich Meibom
* D. L. Ashliman of the University of Pittsburgh quotes the Grimm's "Children of Hamelin" in full, as well as a number of similar and related legends.
* An 1888 illustrated version of Robert Browning's poem (Illustrated by Kate Greenaway)
* The 725th anniversary of the Pied Piper in 2009
* The Pied Piper of Hamelin From the Collections at the Library of Congress
* A Translation of Grimm's Saga No. 245 "The Children of Hameln"
* A version of the legend from Howel's Famous Letters

* v
* t
* e

Pied Piper of Hamelin

Film|

* The Pied Piper of Hamelin (1918)
* Cheating the Piper (1920)
* The Pied Piper (1933)
* Paying the Piper (1949)
* The Pied Piper of Hamelin (1957)
* The Pied Piper of Guadalupe (1961)
* The Pied Piper (1972)
* Kummatty (1979)
* Fluteman (1982)
* Abra Cadabra (1983)
* The Pied Piper (1986)
* It's the Pied Piper, Charlie Brown (2000)

Literature|

* Politically Correct Bedtime Stories (1994)
* King Rat (1998)
* Wild Blood (1999)
* The Amazing Maurice and His Educated Rodents (2001)
* The Rats of Hamelin (2005)
* Peter & Max: A Fables Novel (2009)
* The Pied Piper of Hamelin (2011)

Television|

* Hamelen (1970s series)
* Pied Piper Puss (The Tom and Jerry Comedy Show episode, 1980)
* The Pied Piper of Hamelin (Faerie Tale Theatre episode, 1985)
* The Day of the Clown (The Sarah Jane Adventures story)
* "Scatty Safari" (The Goodies episode)

Music|

* Der Rattenfänger von Hameln (1879 opera)
* Clarinet Concerto (Copland, 1948)
* "Mr. Tambourine Man" (1965 Bob Dylan song)
* "The Piper" (1980 ABBA song)
* Pied Piper Fantasy (1982 Corigliano concerto)
* "Symphony of Destruction" (1992 Megadeth song)
* "The Sound Above My Hair" (2009 Scooter video)

Characters|

* Pied Piper (The Flash)
* Rat King (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

Story within a story|

* Testament (1983 film)
* The Flies (1943 Sartre play)
* Montag aus Licht § Scene 2: Der Kinderfänger (1988 Stockhausen opera)

Related|

* Literary accounts
* Pied Piper's House in Hamelin
* Ratcatcher's Day

* v
* t
* e

German folklore

Folklore of German-speaking countries

Beings|

* Alberich
* Alp (folklore)
* Askafroa
* Aufhocker
* Bahkauv
* Beerwolf
* Belsnickel
* Bergmönch
* Bieresel
* Bogeyman
* Buschgroßmutter
* Changeling
* Christkind
* Companions of Saint Nicholas
* Doppelgänger
* Drak (mythology)
* Drude
* Dwarf (folklore)
* Easter Bunny
* Ekke Nekkepenn
* Elwetritsch
* Erdhenne
* Erlking
* Ewiger Jäger
* Fänggen
* Fasolt
* Feuermann (ghost)
* Feldgeister
* Frau Holle
* Gütel
* Heimchen
* Heinzelmännchen
* Hemann
* Hinzelmann
* Hödekin
* Irrwurz
* Jack o' the bowl
* Klabautermann
* Klagmuhme
* King Goldemar
* King Laurin
* Knecht Ruprecht
* Kobold
* Krampus
* Lindworm
* Lorelei
* Lutzelfrau
* Mare (folklore)
* Mephistopheles
* Moss people
* Nachtkrapp
* Nachzehrer
* Nis Puk
* Nixie (folklore)
* Ork (folklore)
* Perchta
* Petermännchen
* Poltergeist
* Rasselbock
* Rhinemaidens
* Rübezahl
* Santa Claus
* Schrat
* Tatzelwurm
* Türst
* Uhaml
* Weiße Frauen
* Wiedergänger
* Wild Hunt
* Wild man
* Will-o'-the-wisp
* Witte Wiwer
* Wolpertinger

People|

* Albrecht Gessler
* Arnold von Winkelried
* Attila
* Baron Munchausen
* Brunhild
* Christman Genipperteinga
* Dietrich von Bern
* Eppelein von Gailingen
* Faust
* Frederick Barbarossa
* Friar Rush
* Genevieve of Brabant
* Giselher of Burgundy
* Götz von Berlichingen
* Gunther
* Gudrun
* Gundomar I
* Hagen (legend)
* Hannikel
* Hans von Sagan
* Hans von Trotha
* Heinrich von Winkelried
* Hildebrand
* Johann Peter Petri (Black Peter)
* Klaus Störtebeker
* Knight of the Swan
* Konrad Baumgarten
* Kunigunde von Orlamünde
* Lohengrin
* Matthias Klostermayr
* Nibelung
* Ortnit
* Otto the Younger
* Peter Klaus
* Peter Nikoll (Black Peter)
* Pied Piper of Hamelin
* Princess Ilse
* Punker of Rohrbach
* Rüdiger von Bechelaren
* Schildbürger
* Schinderhannes
* Sigurd
* Stauffacherin
* Tannhäuser
* The Smith of Kochel
* Till Eulenspiegel
* Volker von Alzey
* Walram of Thierstein
* Walter of Aquitaine
* Werner Stauffacher
* William Tell
* Witege
* Wolfdietrich
* Xaver Hohenleiter

Legends and fairy tales|

* Grimms' Fairy Tales
* Deutsche Sagen
* Volksmärchen der Deutschen
* Gespensterbuch
* Nibelungenlied
* Freischütz
* Hirschsprung (Black Forest)
* Venusberg (mythology)
* Vineta
* Walpurgis Night

See also|

* German folklore
* Swiss folklore

* v
* t
* e

The Brothers Grimm

Jacob Grimm · Wilhelm Grimm

Works|

* Grimms' Fairy Tales
* Deutsche Sagen
* Deutsche Mythologie
* Deutsches Wörterbuch

Notable
tales|

* "Bearskin"
* "The Brave Little Tailor"
* "Brother and Sister"
* "Cat and Mouse in Partnership"
* "Cinderella"
* "Death's Messengers"
* "The Devil with the Three Golden Hairs"
* "Doctor Know-all"
* "The Dog and the Sparrow"
* "The Elves and the Shoemaker"
* "The Fisherman and His Wife"
* "The Four Skillful Brothers"
* "The Frog Prince"
* "The Gnome"
* "Godfather Death"
* "The Golden Bird"
* "The Golden Goose"
* "The Goose Girl"
* "The Goose-Girl at the Well"
* "The Grave Mound"
* "Hans My Hedgehog"
* "Hansel and Gretel"
* "The Hut in the Forest"
* "The Jew Among Thorns"
* "Jorinde and Joringel"
* "The Juniper Tree"
* "The King of the Golden Mountain"
* "King Thrushbeard"
* "Little Red Riding Hood"
* "Mary's Child"
* "Mother Holle"
* "Old Hildebrand"
* "Old Sultan"
* "Pied Piper of Hamelin"
* "The Queen Bee"
* "Rapunzel"
* "The Riddle"
* "The Robber Bridegroom"
* "Rumpelstiltskin"
* "The Seven Ravens"
* "The Singing, Springing Lark"
* "The Six Servants"
* "The Six Swans"
* "Sleeping Beauty"
* "Snow White"
* "Snow-White and Rose-Red"
* "The Story of the Youth Who Went Forth to Learn What Fear Was"
* "The Three Little Men in the Wood"
* "The Three Spinners"
* "Thumbling"
* "Town Musicians of Bremen"
* "Trusty John"
* "The Turnip"
* "The Twelve Brothers"
* "The Twelve Dancing Princesses"
* "The Water of Life"
* "The White Snake"
* "The Wolf and the Seven Young Goats"
* "The Wonderful Musician"

Other|

* Grimm's law
* Göttingen Seven
* Grim Tales
* The Wonderful World of the Brothers Grimm
* Once Upon a Brothers Grimm
* Grimm's Fairy Tale Classics
* Simsala Grimm
* The Brothers Grimm
* Grimm Tales
* The Sisters Grimm
* Fairy tale
* American McGee's Grimm
* German Fairy Tale Route
* Grimm
* Once Upon a Time
* The 10th Kingdom
* The Grimm Variations

* Category
* Commons

* v
* t
* e

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

* Bibliography

Poems|

* Epiphanias
* Erlkönig
* Die erste Walpurgisnacht
* Ganymed
* Gesang der Geister über den Wassern
* Gingo biloba
* Harzreise im Winter
* Heidenröslein
* Hermann and Dorothea
* Der König in Thule
* Marienbad Elegy
* Nur wer die Sehnsucht kennt
* Prometheus
* Roman Elegies
* The Sorcerer's Apprentice
* Welcome and Farewell
* Wanderer's Nightsong
* West–östlicher Divan
* Xenien

Plays|

* Der Bürgergeneral
* Clavigo
* Faust
* Faust I
* Faust II
* Egmont
* Erwin und Elmire
* Götz von Berlichingen
* Iphigenia in Tauris
* The Magic Flute Part Two (libretto fragment)
* The Natural Daughter
* Stella
* Torquato Tasso

Prose|

* Elective Affinities
* The Green Snake and the Beautiful Lily
* The Sorrows of Young Werther
* Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship
* Wilhelm Meister's Journeyman Years

Autobiographical|

* Dichtung und Wahrheit
* Italian Journey

Journals|

* Propyläen

Natural sciences|

* Metamorphosis of Plants
* Theory of Colours

Conversations|

* Gespräche mit Goethe

Related|

* Christine Vulpius (wife)
* Catharina Elisabeth Goethe (mother)
* Goethean science
* Weimar Classicism
* Goethe-Institut
* Goethe Medal
* Goethe House (Weimar)
* National Museum
* Goethe House (Frankfurt)
* Goethe-Gesellschaft
* Goethe Monument (Berlin)
* Goethe–Schiller Monument (Weimar)
* Goethe–Schiller Monument (Milwaukee)
* Goethe Prize
* Goethe Society of North America
* Goetheanum
* Goethe in the Roman Campagna (1787 painting)
* Goethe at the Window (1786/7 painting)
* Lotte in Weimar (1939 Thomas Mann novel)
* Lotte in Weimar (1975 film)
* A Man in Love (2008 novel)
* Young Goethe in Love (2010 film)
* Goethe: Life as a Work of Art (2013 biography)

* v
* t
* e

Robert Browning

Plays|

* Strafford (1837)
* Pippa Passes (1841)
* King Victor and King Charles I (1842)
* The Return of the Druses (1843)
* A Blot in the 'Scutcheon (1843)
* Colombe's Birthday (1844)
* Luria (1846)
* A Soul's Tragedy (1846)
* In a Balcony (1855)

Poetry collections
and poems|

* Pauline: A Fragment of a Confession (1833)
* Paracelsus (1835)
* "Porphyria's Lover" (1836)
* "Johannes Agricola in Meditation" (1836)
* Sordello (1840)
* Dramatic Lyrics (1842, "My Last Duchess", "Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister", "Count Gismond")
* Dramatic Romances and Lyrics (1845, "Home-Thoughts, from Abroad", "How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix", "Meeting at Night", "The Laboratory", "The Lost Leader")
* Christmas-Eve and Easter-Day (1850)
* Men and Women (1855, "Love Among the Ruins", "Evelyn Hope", "Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came", "Andrea del Sarto", "Fra Lippo Lippi", "A Toccata of Galuppi's")
* Dramatis Personæ (1864, "Rabbi ben Ezra", "Caliban upon Setebos")
* The Ring and the Book (1868–9)
* Balaustion's Adventure (1871)
* Prince Hohenstiel-Schwangau, Saviour of Society (1871)
* Fifine at the Fair (1872)
* Red Cotton Night-Cap Country (1873)
* Aristophanes' Apology (1875)
* The Inn Album (1875)
* Pacchiarotto, and How He Worked in Distemper (1876)
* The Agamemnon of Aeschylus (1877)
* La Saisiaz and The Two Poets of Croisic (1878)
* Dramatic Idyls (1879, 1880)
* Jocoseria (1883)
* Ferishtah's Fancies (1884)
* Parleyings with Certain People of Importance in Their Day (1887)
* Asolando (1889)

Related|

* Browning Society
* Armstrong Browning Library, collections and papers
* Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1853 sculpture)
* The Barretts of Wimpole Street
* 1934 film
* 1957 film
* Pied Piper of Hamelin

Family life|

* Elizabeth Barrett Browning (wife)
* Robert Barrett Browning (son)
* Casa Guidi

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF

National|

* Germany
* United States
* Israel

Other|

* MusicBrainz work

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