Pierre Poilievre

Canadian politician (born 1979)

The Honourable

Pierre Poilievre

PC MP

Poilievre in 2023

Leader of the Opposition

Incumbent

Assumed office
September 10, 2022
Monarch|

* Charles III

Prime Minister| Justin Trudeau
Deputy| Melissa Lantsman
Tim Uppal
Preceded by| Candice Bergen
Leader of the Conservative Party

Incumbent

Assumed office
September 10, 2022
Deputy| Melissa Lantsman
Tim Uppal
Preceded by|

Candice Bergen (interim)

Minister of Employment and Social Development
In office
February 9, 2015 – November 4, 2015
Prime Minister| Stephen Harper
Preceded by| Jason Kenney
Succeeded by|

Jean-Yves Duclos (Families, Children and Social Development)

MaryAnn Mihychuk (Employment, Workforce Development and Labour)

Minister for Democratic Reform[a]
In office
July 15, 2013 – November 4, 2015
Prime Minister| Stephen Harper
Preceded by| Tim Uppal
Succeeded by|

Maryam Monsef (Democratic Institutions)

Member of Parliament
for Carleton
Nepean—Carleton (2004–2015)

Incumbent

Assumed office
June 28, 2004
Preceded by| David Pratt
Shadow Minister
2021–2022| Finance
2021| Jobs and Industry
2017–2021| Finance
2016–2017| Employment, Labour and Work Opportunity
2015–2016| Treasury Board
Parliamentary Secretary
2011–2013| Transport, Infrastructure and Communities
2008–2011| Prime Minister
2008–2011| Intergovernmental Affairs
2006–2008| Treasury Board
Personal details
Born|

Pierre Marcel Poilievre

(1979-06-03) June 3, 1979 (age 45)[1]
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Political party| Conservative (since 2003)
Other political
affiliations|

* Reform (until 2000)
* Alliance (2000–2003)

Spouse|

Anaida Galindo

(m. 2017)​

Children| 2
Residence(s)| Greely, Ontario, Canada[2]
Alma mater| University of Calgary (BA)
Website| www.conservative.ca/pierre-poilievre/

Pierre Marcel Poilievre PC MP (/ˌpɔːliˈɛv/ PAW-lee-EV;[3][4] born June 3, 1979) is a Canadian politician who has served as the leader of the Conservative Party of Canada and the leader of the Official Opposition since 2022. He has been a member of Parliament (MP) since 2004.

Poilievre was born in Calgary, Alberta. He studied at the University of Calgary, earning a Bachelor of Arts degree in international relations. He then worked for Canadian Alliance leader Stockwell Day. Poilievre was first elected to the House of Commons following the 2004 federal election; he at first represented the Ottawa-area riding of Nepean—Carleton and then represented the re-established riding of Carleton. After holding various parliamentary secretary posts from 2006 to 2013 under Prime Minister Stephen Harper, Poilievre served as Harper's minister for democratic reform from 2013 to 2015 and as his minister of employment and social development in 2015. From 2017 to 2022, Poilievre served as the shadow minister for finance and briefly as the shadow minister for jobs and industry. He ran for leader of the Conservative Party in its 2022 leadership election, winning on the first ballot. Poilievre has described himself as a libertarian-minded member of his party.

## Early life

[edit]

### Background and childhood

[edit]

Pierre Marcel Poilievre was born on June 3, 1979,[5] in Calgary, Alberta, to a 16-year-old mother, who was of Irish-Canadian descent on her father's side.[3][6] Poilievre was adopted by two schoolteachers, Marlene and Donald Poilievre (who is Fransaskois)[7] shortly after being born.[3][8] Poilievre was raised in a modest household in suburban Calgary. He played ice hockey and went on camping trips with his younger brother, Patrick, who had also been adopted from their biological mother by the couple.[9]

Growing up, Poilievre worked as a paperboy for the Calgary Sun.[10] He attended Henry Wise Wood High School,[11] and was on a wrestling team until he was forced to stop due to a temporary shoulder tendinitis injury, at the age of 14. Following the injury, Poilievre attended an Alberta Tory riding-association meeting as a new hobby.[9] As a result, he became interested in politics and started reading political books, including Milton Friedman's Capitalism and Freedom, a book that greatly influenced his politics.[9]

Poilievre became active in the Reform Party and the Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta by participating in meetings of both parties.[9][12] At the age of 16, Poilievre sold Reform Party memberships for Jason Kenney and also did telephone canvassing for him.[13] He also knocked on doors for political campaigns and served on a riding association. Shortly after turning 17 years old, he was a delegate to the Reform Party 1996 national convention in Vancouver, British Columbia. Poilievre graduated from Henry Wise Wood in 1997.[14]

Poilievre's parents, Marlene and Donald, who had married in 1971, separated when he was in his mid-teens. His father, Donald, later came out as a gay man.[9] In his early twenties, Poilievre eventually met both his biological mother and his maternal grandfather for the first time.[6]

### University and early jobs

[edit]

As a teenager, Poilievre had a job at Telus doing corporate collections by calling businesses.[15] He also later worked briefly as a journalist for Alberta Report, a conservative weekly magazine.[16] At the University of Calgary, he studied international relations.[17] At the age of 19, he staged a protest against a student union that tried to prevent campus Reform Party supporters from campaigning for their candidate in an Alberta Senate election. He was one of many Reform members on campus in conflict with the federal Progressive Conservative Party of Canada, which they believed to be unprincipled.[9]

As a second-year student, in 1999, Poilievre submitted an essay to Magna International's "As Prime Minister, I Would...", essay contest. His essay, titled "Building Canada Through Freedom", focused on the subject of individual freedom and among other things, argued for a two-term limit for all members of Parliament. As a finalist, Poilievre won $10,000 and won a four-month internship at Magna, with the essay being published in the book that collected the essays titled @Stake — "As Prime Minister, I Would..."[9][18][19]

Poilievre was president of the Young Tories at the University of Calgary, a club composed of both Progressive Conservative and Reform members focused on Alberta politics, where he clashed with Patrick Brown who was the president of the national Progressive Conservative Youth Federation at the time. Their dispute was over Progressive Conservative leader Joe Clark, whom Poilievre considered to be anti-youth.[20] [why?] Concerned that anti-Clark members would be removed, as Brown was an executive for the Progressive Conservatives, Poilievre threatened to shift the Progressive Conservative club to the United Alternative. Media outlets had obtained a leaked memo of Brown planning to remove anti-Clark youth leaders, but Brown denied it, leading Poilievre to back down from his threat.[21]

### Canadian Alliance work

[edit]

In 2000, Poilievre was an organizer on a website called Organization to Draft Stockwell Day, seeking to recruit Alberta Treasurer Stockwell Day to be the leader of the Canadian Alliance party.[22][23] With Day running in the leadership election, Poilievre and his young colleagues made phone calls to canvas and raise money, dubbing themselves the "Fight Club".[9][24]

After Day's tenure as Leader of the Official Opposition, Poilievre left Calgary and university without graduating to work for Day as an advisor in 2002, but returned to graduate with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 2008.[25] After Jean Chrétien announced he would retire as prime minister in 2002, Poilievre and Ezra Levant, who practised law at the time,[26] wrote an op-ed advocating for the merger of the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservative parties.[23] When Levant was campaigning to replace Preston Manning in 2002 Calgary Southwest by-election, Poilievre was his campaign spokesperson until Levant withdrew in order to allow Stephen Harper to run.[27]

In 2003, Poilievre founded a company called 3D Contact Inc. with his partner Jonathan Denis,[28] who became an Alberta Cabinet minister years later. Their company focused on providing political communications, polling and research services.[29] After founding the company, Poilievre ran for MP as a member of the Conservative Party of Canada, which had recently been formed from a merger the Canadian Alliance and Progressive Conservatives.[30]

## Early political career (2004–2022)

[edit]

### Backbencher (2004–2006)

[edit]

With preparations being made for the 2004 Canadian federal election, the 24-year old Manordale resident Poilievre won the Conservative Party nomination in the riding of Nepean—Carleton to contest incumbent David Pratt of the Liberal Party of Canada.[31] Though Pratt was a two-term incumbent and cabinet minister, the election was projected to be close between the two.[32] Poilievre won his riding and his Conservative Party formed the Official Opposition to a Liberal Party minority government.

Poilievre entered the 38th Canadian Parliament at the age of 25 along with Andrew Scheer as the youngest members of the Conservative caucus.[33] Poilievre introduced himself and his young colleagues to media outlets as "libertarian-minded" members of the party.[34][35] Poilievre was given the nickname "Skippy" early in his political career.[3][36][37]

Poilievre took up the cause of the Queensway Carleton Hospital which was in the midst of an expansion project while facing provincial funding reductions for operations and an increase in rent as its lease with the National Capital Commission was set to expire in 2013. Seeking to eliminate the rent the hospital paid, Poilievre introduced, on June 20, 2005, a private member Bill C-414, titled An Act to prevent the Government of Canada from charging rent to non-profit hospitals.[38] The bill was defeated in a vote of 165–111[39] but with Nepean—Carleton MPP John Baird they advocated the hospital only pay a $1 per year rent[40] and implemented that once Baird became President of the Treasury Board the next year.[41]

Poilievre also sponsored private member Bill C-383, introduced on May 11, 2005, to create a means to recall Members of Parliament through a petition,[42] and Bill C-456, on November 24, 2005, to insert parental responsibility into the Criminal Code by making it an offence for a parent to contribute through negligence, inappropriate action or lack of appropriate action to behaviour that results in their child committing an offence.[43]

Poilievre also voiced opposition to the appointment of Michaëlle Jean as the Governor General of Canada by taking an issue with Jean's past support of Quebec sovereignty movement.[44] Poilievre took out a petition asking the Queen of Canada to dismiss Jean. After the death of Elizabeth II in 2022, Jean said that the Queen dismissed Poilievre's petition over the Queen's belief that she cannot intervene in Canadian affairs.[45]

### Parliamentary secretary (2006–2013)

[edit]

Poilievre won reelection in the 2006 Canadian federal election with over 50% of the vote. The Conservative Party formed a minority government. Entering the 39th Canadian Parliament at the age of 26, he remained the youngest MP in the House of Commons.[46] Prime Minister Stephen Harper appointed Poilievre to act as Parliamentary Secretary to the President of the Treasury Board, who was his fellow Nepean-area Conservative MP John Baird. Poilievre's parliamentary work included overseeing the drafting and adoption of the Federal Accountability Act.[47]

Addressing the prime minister's apology on behalf of the Canadian government for the Canadian Indian residential school system, Poilievre made remarks to CFRA News Talk Radio regarding the financial compensation and the residential school survivors, for which he later apologized.[48] He stated he did not think Canada was "getting value for all this money", instead suggesting "we need to engender the values of hard work and independence and self-reliance."[49] Poilievre apologized in Parliament the next day, saying, "Mr. Speaker, I rise today to offer a full apology to aboriginal people, to the House and to all Canadians. Yesterday, on a day when the House and all Canadians were celebrating a new beginning, I made remarks that were hurtful and wrong. I accept responsibility for them, and I apologize."[50]

In the 2008 Canadian federal election, Poilievre, now a Barrhaven resident, was again re-elected with over 50% of the vote in his Nepean–Carleton riding with his party forming another minority government. For the 40th Canadian Parliament, Prime Minister Stephen Harper appointed Poilievre as Parliamentary Secretary to the Prime Minister. After the prime minister decided Canada would boycott the Durban Review Conference due to concerns of anti-Semitic rhetoric, Poilievre and Liberal Party MP Irwin Cotler were sent to Geneva, Switzerland, to attend the alternative Conference Against Racism, Discrimination, and Persecution.[51] Poilievre went on to Poland for the March of the Living.[52] He was assigned to be a member of the Special Panel on Employment Insurance tasked by Harper and Liberal Party leader Michael Ignatieff to address resulting impacts of 2008 financial crisis with compromise that would avoid election.[53] He was also assigned to the Information, Privacy and Ethics Committee where he expressed concern over camera surveillance, like Google Street View, and called for CEO of Google Eric Schmidt to testify.[54]

Poilievre became referred to as the Conservative Party's "attack dog".[55][56][57] Following the 2009 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election he sent a letter to the Commissioner of Canada Elections alleging contraventions of federal regulations concerning fundraising.[58] In 2010, a police probe was triggered after Poilievre drove through a Parliament Hill screening gate without waiting for the RCMP to permit his entry and open the gate. Instead, he pressed the entrance button himself and drove his vehicle through. After Poilievre was identified as the driver and the incident was reported on in the media, he apologized.[59]

As in 2006 and 2008, Poilievre won re-election in Nepean–Carleton with over 50% of the vote. For this 41st Canadian Parliament, the Conservative Party formed a majority government and Prime Minister Harper appointed him as Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Transport, Infrastructure and Communities (Denis Lebel) and for the Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario (FedDev Ontario) — assisting Gary Goodyear and Steven Fletcher.[60]

In early September 2012, while serving on the FedDev Ontario, Poilievre echoed then-Ontario MPP Randy Hillier's calls for ending workers' mandatory union payments.[61][62] When asked in 2012 if his advocacy was akin to right-to-work laws implemented in some parts of the United States, Poilievre described it as an "enhancement of workers rights and freedoms".[63] Hillier had developed his arguments for the right-to-work in his June 2012 White Paper for the province of Ontario, "Paths to Prosperity: Flexible Labour Markets" .[64]

In early 2013, both Poilievre, at the federal level, and Hillier, at the provincial level, had called for greater transparency regarding union finances by citing the way in which the National Capital Region branch of the Public Service Alliance of Canada had supported the Parti Québécois in the 2012 provincial elections, and unions had supported the student protests using union funds.[65][66] Poilievre, wrote forcefully against the application of the 1946 Rand formula used in Canadian labour law, which stems from a Supreme Court ruling that allows unions to collect mandatory dues from workers in exchange for the union's support for worker grievances.[67][68] The formula was crafted in response to the 99-day Windsor Ford Strike by returned World War II veterans and other workers led by the United Automobile Workers of Canada (UAW) at the Ford Motor Company facilities in Windsor, Ontario.[69] Poilievre's offensive against the mandatory paying of union dues by federal public servants was relatively short-lived.[70]

Thousands of public servants who were union members, were in his riding. To union supporters, Polievre's call to end the mandatory union fees raised concerns that cutting off revenue to unions would weaken unions.[70] Some called the right-to-work argument, the right-to-work-for-less.[61] Russ Hiebert's private member's bill, C-377, An Act to Amend the Income Tax Act (labour organizations), passed into law in June 2015, making union fees optional;[71] it was one of the last pieces of legislation before the end of Harper's premiership. By December 2015, the bill was no longer in force, and it was finally repealed in June 2017.[72]

### Cabinet minister (2013–2015)

[edit]

#### Minister of State for Democratic Reform

[edit]

Poilievre in 2014

Harper shuffled his cabinet, adding several new members, including Poilievre to replace Tim Uppal as minister of state for democratic reform.[73] With the 2011 Canadian federal election voter suppression scandal concluding, the Canadian Senate expenses scandal unfolding, and the Senate Reform Act (to allow each province to recommend Senate candidates and impose a maximum 9-year term limit) paused at second reading to hear from the Supreme Court of Canada as to its constitutionality,[74] this position was seen by the media as being one of toughest in the cabinet and consequential to the Conservative Party.[75] After the Supreme Court unanimously ruled that the Senate Reform Act would require substantial provincial consent, and Harper ruled out the use of a national referendum, reform efforts were abandoned.[76]

After Justin Trudeau, leader of the Liberal Party which controlled the second most Senate seats, began implementing his Senate reform plan of making senators independent with a non-partisan appointment process, Poilievre dismissed the measures, maintaining that Senators should be elected.[77]

On February 4, 2014, as Minister of State, Poilievre introduced Bill C-23, known as the Fair Elections Act, into the House of Commons.[78] Among other provisions, the bill expanded the types of identification which were accepted in order to vote, and eliminated the vouching system, whereby a voter can vote without an ID and have an acquaintance 'vouch' for them. The bill was opposed by former chief electoral officer Jean-Pierre Kingsley,[79] former auditor general Sheila Fraser,[80] and dozens of Canadian[81] and international[82] political experts — Poilievre stepped up his attacks on Marc Mayrand, the chief electoral officer of Elections Canada at the time, by accusing him of wanting "more power, a bigger budget and less accountability."[83] The bill was passed and received royal assent.

Also as minister of state, Poilievre introduced Bill C-50, known as the Citizen Voting Act, into the House of Commons in December 2014. The bill was the government's response to an Ontario Superior Court ruling, which was appealed to the Supreme Court as Frank v Canada (AG), which had determined the disfranchisement of expatriates who have lived abroad for more than five years was unconstitutional.[84] Bill C-50 instead proposed to insert additional documentation requirements for expatriates to be able to vote.[85]

#### Minister of Employment and Social Development

[edit]

In a small cabinet shuffle, instigated by the decision of Foreign Affairs Minister John Baird to not seek re-election, the prime minister promoted Poilievre, on February 9, 2015, to a ministerial position. He replaced Jason Kenney as minister of employment and social development and took on Baird's role as minister responsible for the National Capital Commission while keeping his duties as the minister responsible for democratic reform.[86] Also at that time, the National Capital Commission was pursuing the development of the Memorial to the Victims of Communism – Canada, a Land of Refuge and trying to decide where to locate it; Poilievre advocated for the site adjacent to the Supreme Court of Canada building.[87]

In July 2015, Poilievre announced an expansion of a child care benefit program. During the announcement, he wore a Conservative Party of Canada shirt, stated that the payments were from "our Conservative government", and said that "if the Liberals and NDP were to take office they would take the benefits away and raise taxes."[88] Later in 2017, the elections commissioner determined that the occasion was akin to a Conservative party campaign event, rather than a Government of Canada announcement.[89] As the government spent approximately $4,800 related to the event, it was essentially "a de facto non-monetary contribution" to the Conservative party.[88] The commissioner ruled that this was a campaign finance violation, as Poilievre had "knowingly circumvent[ed] the prohibition on contributions to a registered party by ineligible contributors." Poilievre was ordered to post a link to the ruling on his social media.[90]

### Opposition MP and shadow minister (2015–2022)

[edit]

Poilievre on Parliament Hill with then Conservative leader Andrew Scheer in 2018

Locally, Nepean was carved out of his riding in the 2012 Canadian federal electoral redistribution, so Poilievre moved from Barrhaven to Greely to seek election in the more rural Carleton riding. Poilievre narrowly won the seat but the Conservatives only won enough seats to form the Official Opposition to a Liberal majority government.[91] Following Harper's resignation as leader, interim party leader Rona Ambrose made Poilievre the Conservative Party critic on issues relating to the Treasury Board until October 2016 when she moved him to critic on issues relating to Employment, Labour and Work Opportunity.

In August 2017, new party leader Andrew Scheer selected Poilievre to be critic of the Minister of Finance, with Tom Kmiec as deputy critic.[92] In that role Poilievre introduced his third private member's bill (Bill C-395) which sought to amend the Federal–Provincial Arrangements Act in such a way that it would eliminate personal income taxes and payroll taxes that apply to persons with disabilities.[93] Though it gained the support of the New Democratic Party, the bill was defeated at consider of 2nd Reading with both the Liberal Party and Bloc Québécois/Québec debout voting against.[94] During this parliament, Poilievre travelled to Dieppe as part of a Canadian delegation to commemorate the 75th anniversary ceremonies of the Dieppe Raid.[95] In the lead-up to the next election, Poilievre used all the House of Commons time allotted for debating the 2019 Canadian federal budget to deliver one 4-day long speech to promote the SNC-Lavalin affair.[96][97]

Poilievre was re-elected in 2019, this time by a wider margin of the vote compared to his 2015 victory.[98] After Scheer's resignation as party leader, Poilievre was initially considered to be one of the front-runners to win the subsequent leadership election. Poilievre considered a bid and started to assemble a campaign team, though he announced he would not run on January 23, 2020, citing his desire to spend more time with his family.[99]

During the WE Charity scandal surrounding the Liberal Party, Poilievre was one of the Conservative Party's primary interrogators. Poilievre repeatedly questioned Prime Minister Trudeau in a virtual conference in July, asking for the exact dollar figure that his family was paid by the WE Charity. Trudeau responded that he did not know the number on hand.[100] In August, Poilievre revealed to journalists WE Charity memos that had been blacked-out by the Liberal government, tossing each of them aside.[101] After Poilievre pressured Finance Minister Bill Morneau to resign for his involvement in the scandal, Morneau announced his resignation on August 17.[102][103]

When Bill C-10 (An Act to amend the Broadcasting Act) was introduced, Poilievre opposed it alongside the rest of the Conservative caucus. He described the bill as "censorship" and used his social media to start an online petition against the bill.[104][105]

Scheer's successor, Erin O'Toole, kept Poilievre as finance critic until February 10, 2021, when he was replaced with Ed Fast. Poilievre then became critic for jobs and industry, though he only held this position for a short time as he regained his old position as finance critic on November 9, 2021.[106] Poilievre won re-election in Carleton in the 2021 federal election.

#### 2022 leadership campaign

[edit]

Poilievre and his wife, Anaida, at a campaign rally in April 2022

After O'Toole was ousted as leader through a leadership review on February 2, 2022, there was speculation of Poilievre entering the leadership election to succeed him.[107] On February 5, 2022, Poilievre implicitly declared his intention to run in the leadership election, stating "I'm running for Prime Minister".[108][109] Political commentators and journalists described Poilievre as the frontrunner in the leadership race.[110][111] Poilievre's campaign was described as being centred on freedom and reducing the cost of living.[112] He stated his desire to make Canada the "freest country in the world".[113]

Poilievre had been critical of fellow leadership candidates Jean Charest and Patrick Brown, who were seen to be part of the moderate faction of the Conservative Party; Poilievre accused Charest of being a Liberal and stated that Brown's support for a carbon tax is "disqualifying".[114][115][116] From the end of June to early July, Poilievre's campaign aired attack ads on Brown in local Toronto television stations, criticizing his policies as mayor of Brampton.[117] Poilievre's campaign paid the legal fees of a whistleblower who claimed that Brown had broken election laws, leading to Brown's disqualification from the race.[118]

On June 4, Poilievre's campaign announced they sold 311,958[119] out of the 678,708 total memberships during the leadership race.[120] Poilievre had been endorsed for the leadership by 62 Conservative MPs, more than half of the party's then 119-member caucus in the House of Commons. On July 25, Poilievre received an endorsement from former Prime Minister Stephen Harper.[121] On August 2, Poilievre's campaign announced they fundraised $4,042,717 through 36,804 individual donors in the second quarter of the leadership race; this amount was more than half of the $7,538,549 fundraised by the six candidates combined.[122]

On September 10, Poilievre won the leadership on the first ballot, with 68.15% of points and 70.7% of the vote share. It was the first first-ballot victory since the party's 2004 leadership election. Poilievre also won 330 out of 338 electoral districts.[123][124]

## Opposition leader (2022–present)

[edit]

Poilievre meeting with US president Joe Biden

### Leadership appointments and shadow cabinet

[edit]

On September 12, Poilievre gave his first speech to his caucus as leader.[125] The following day on September 13, he unveiled his House of Commons leadership team with nine members, including new deputy leaders Melissa Lantsman and Tim Uppal.[126] On October 12, Poilievre unveiled a 71-member shadow cabinet, including former leadership rivals Leslyn Lewis and Scott Aitchison.[127]

### Legislative activities

[edit]

In October 2022, the Conservatives under Poilievre voted in favour of the Liberal government's Bill C-30 (which doubled the goods and services tax rebate) but voted against Bill C-31 (which introduced a public dental care program for children under 12 in low income families and a one-time allowance worth $500 for low-income renters), citing concerns that the level of spending for the latter bill's measures would increase inflation.[128][129]

Poilievre and the Conservatives put forward a motion in November 2022 to audit federal COVID-19 spending including the ArriveCAN app. The motion passed resulting in an audit of the federal government's spending. The auditor found that "overpayments of $4.6 billion were made to ineligible individuals" and "at least $27.4 billion in payments to individuals and employers" to be further investigated. In December, Liberal MPs criticized the audit for being done for partisan reasons and "political games" while Conservative MPs defended the independence of the auditor.[130]

In January 2023, Poilievre called for a parliamentary probe into the Liberal government's relationship with McKinsey & Company due to a report showing value of federal contracts increased from $2.2 million to $66 million after the Liberals formed government.[131]

On June 19, 2023, Poilievre and his caucus voted in support of the Liberal government's legislation for long term funding to a Canada-wide early learning and child-care system.[132] Responding to a reporter's question on June 27, Poilievre criticized Trudeau for weighing in on New Brunswick's Policy 713 regarding LGBT students, calling it a "provincial policy" and saying that "The prime minister has no business in decisions that should rest with provinces and parents".[133]

In September 2023, Poilievre put forward a bill aiming to increase more homebuilding, titled Bill C-356 (Building Homes Not Bureaucracy Act).[134][135] Later that month, a video would release of Poilievre going door-knocking in suburban neighbourhoods to support his campaign for the next election. In the video, Poilievre can be heard agreeing with a woman that Justin Trudeau's father, Pierre Trudeau, "put [Canada] down", then adding himself that both Justin and Pierre Trudeau are "Marxists".[136]

On October 20, 2023, in an emailed statement, Pollievre "encouraged Albertans to stay in the CPP" amidst ongoing debate in Alberta on whether to leave the Canada Pension Plan. Pollievre stated that "The division today on the CPP is entirely the result of Justin Trudeau attacking the Alberta economy".[137]

In November 2023, Poilievre and the Conservative caucus voted against a bill that implements an update to a free trade agreement with Ukraine.[138][139][140][141] Poilievre said that his opposition was based on language that would "impose [Justin Trudeau's] carbon tax ideology onto those poor people,"[138] despite Ukraine already having a price on carbon and the urging of the Ukrainian ambassador to pass the bill.[140][139] Liberal government house leader Karina Gould described the reasoning as a "red herring,"[140] and the president of the Ukrainian Canadian Congress called on the Conservative Party to rethink their position.[142]

### Other events

[edit]

On October 6, 2022, it was reported that between 2018 and 2022, Poilievre's team-managed YouTube channel posted hundreds of videos with a hidden tag labeled "MGTOW", referencing the misogynistic online community.[143] Poilievre condemned MGTOW, said he was unaware of the tags, and had his team immediately remove the tags.[143]

During the 2023 Calgary Stampede in July, Poilievre and his wife, Anaida, were photographed posing with a man wearing a shirt with the message "Thank a straight person today for your existence. Straight Pride". Following criticism, Poilievre would tell reporters in Penticton that he "[doesn't] agree with that shirt",[144] and one of Poilievre's official spokespeople, Sebastian Skamski, would go on to say that Poilievre "had been posing with "hundreds of people" at the Calgary Stampede on Saturday when he was photographed with an individual "without reading what was written on his shirt.""[144][145]

On April 30, 2024, Poilievre was ejected from the House of Commons after referring to Trudeau as a "wacko prime minister", when criticizing Trudeau's past support for British Columbia's decriminalization of hard drug use in public spaces. After Poilievre refused to withdraw the adjective, House Speaker Greg Fergus removed Poilievre from the chamber on the grounds that he used unparliamentary language.[146]

### By-elections

[edit]

By-elections for four ridings were held on June 19, 2023, which saw the Conservatives hold two of their seats.[147] On June 24, 2024, the Conservatives won the previously Liberal-held riding of Toronto—St. Paul's in a federal by-election, marking the first time under Poilievre's leadership that the Conservatives won a riding that was previously held by another party.[148]

## Political positions

[edit]

Poilievre has described himself as a libertarian and a "true conservative".[34][149] Journalists have also described him as libertarian.[150][151][152] Some journalists have described him as populist.[153][154][155]

### Economic policy

[edit]

Poilievre argues that large budget deficits are the reason for rising inflation.[156] Poilievre proposes implementing a pay-as-you-go law, requiring the government to offset any new spending with a cut elsewhere.[157][158][159] He referred to the success of pay-as-you-go balancing the budget in the United States under the Clinton administration.[160][161]

Poilievre owns and uses cryptocurrency, and purchased a shawarma in London, Ontario, to show support for it.[162] He supports normalizing cryptocurrencies including Bitcoin, which he believes is an inflation hedge.[163] He stated he wants to make Canada the "blockchain capital of the world" and believes the federal government is bringing down the value of the Canadian dollar.[164]

Poilievre has criticized the Bank of Canada, accusing it of being "financially illiterate" for forecasting that there would be deflation as opposed to inflation,[165] after his warning to them about inflation in 2020.[166] The bank's deputy governor Paul Beaudry responded by stating "The aspect that we should be held accountable is exactly right," and also listed the Russian invasion of Ukraine and supply-chain bottlenecks due to the COVID-19 pandemic as the most significant influences on inflation.[167] Poilievre has said that the bank's governor, Tiff Macklem, is Liberal Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's "personal ATM" in terms of printing money to fund deficit spending for the pandemic. Poilievre stated that a government led by him would dismiss Macklem, audit the bank, and ban the bank's potential digital currency.[168][169]

Following the Rogers-Shaw merger, Poilievre stated that Canada needed more telecommunications competition and proposed for there to be at least "four competitors in every single marketplace".[170]

Poilievre supports defunding the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), stating the federal government could save a billion dollars, or 0.9%[171] of the annual federal budget, by doing so.[172][173] He has been a critic of what he believes to be bias support for the government within the CBC, referring to the CBC as the "biased propaganda arm of the Liberal Party" in a response to reporters in Edmonton in 2023.[174] However, he would continue to support the CBC's French programming.[175] He proposes to convert the CBC's headquarters into affordable housing and other federal buildings into condominium housing.[159][173]

Poilievre has pledged to cut personal income taxes.[176]

### Labour policy

[edit]

Poilievre has supported bringing right-to-work laws to Canada,[177] and voted multiple times against reinstating and increasing the federal minimum wage to $15/hour.[178][179] Poilievre has not yet taken a position on the new replacement workers bill, also known as Bill C-58. He said he needs to study the bill before deciding how to vote on it.[180] The bill, introduced by the Liberal government, would ban the use of replacement workers during strikes and lockouts in most federally regulated workplaces.[181]

### Housing and infrastructure

[edit]

Poilievre stated that a government led by him would permit a runway expansion at Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport, allowing jets to fly in and out of the airport. Poilievre cited increased competition in the aviation industry and travellers being provided with an alternative to Toronto's Pearson International Airport which had dealt with congestion and flight delays surpassing 50% around the month of July 2022.[182]

Poilievre blames bureaucracy for a lack of new housing and proposes requiring big cities with unaffordable housing to increase their number of new homes built by 15 percent annually, in order to continue receiving full federal infrastructure money.[183] Big cities that fail to keep up with the construction target would be withheld funds by the percentage they fall short, while those that meet the target would also be compensated up to $10,000 for every additional new home built.[184] He also proposes compensating other smaller cities for building extra housing.[159] Poilievre also plans to sell off 15 percent of the government's 37,000 buildings he considers to be under-utilized, so that they can be converted into affordable housing instead.[185]

The Conservatives under Poilievre voted against Bill C-31 (which introduced a one-time affordability allowance worth $500 for low-income renters), citing inflation concerns.[128][129]

Poilievre has criticized "wealthy investors who borrow it (money) and bid up housing prices,"[186] however, according to his disclosure statement to the federal ethics commissioner, Poilievre co-owns a real estate investment company that owns a condo in the Calgary area, which he rents out to a tenant.[187] His wife, Anaida Poilievre, also owns a rental property in the Ottawa suburb of Orleans, which she bought in 2012 and took out a mortgage on in 2020. Poilievre has defended his investments, saying that he and his wife are “helping solve the problem by providing affordable rental accommodations to two deserving families”. He also said that his wife used the equity in her property to “maximize the best interests of her financial position.”[188] Poilievre's rental properties have raised criticism[187] in light of Bank of Canada data which shows that investors – which they defined as “mainly domestic buyers”[189] – outpaced first-time homebuyers during the COVID-19 pandemic, and a Statistics Canada report that stated "Owners seeking additional properties contribute to increased competition in already tight real estate markets, making it more difficult for prospective homeowners to purchase a home".[190]

### Environment and energy

[edit]

Poilievre is in favour of addressing climate change by using green technology and placing targets to reduce carbon-related emissions, as opposed to using taxes.[191] One of the technologies he plans to incentivize is carbon capture and storage.[192] Poilievre also plans to increase the production of electric cars by greenlighting more mining of lithium, cobalt and copper required to produce the cars and batteries.[193][194][195] When speaking in Quebec, he called for less "red tape" and stated that he would permit more construction of hydro-electric dams.[194][196] Poilievre believes Canadian energy is cleaner than that of other countries, and proposes a ban on importing foreign oil and a review of all pipeline projects cancelled by the current government.[197]

Poilievre pledges to repeal the Liberal government's carbon tax if the Conservatives form government under him, and has characterized the carbon tax as being "inflationary".[198] Poilievre also favours repealing two laws that he describes as "anti-energy": Oil Tanker Moratorium Act (a law prohibiting oil tankers of a certain size from docking along the north coast of British Columbia) and Impact Assessment Act (a law assessing Canada's environment).[199]

### Foreign policy

[edit]

During the spring and summer of 2020, Poilievre was critical of what he perceived as the Trudeau government's misplaced trust in the Communist Party of China, which had cancelled CanSino's contract with Canada for its COVID vaccine, Convidecia. Poilievre insisted that Canada should create its own vaccines supply and make purchase agreements with more trustworthy governments.[200] Following the reports of Chinese election interference from Canadian Security Intelligence Service documents reported by the Globe and Mail in 2023, Poilievre called for a public registry for agents of foreign regimes who interfere in Canada's elections.[201] According to Global Affairs Canada, Poilievre has been a target of the Chinese government's Spamouflage disinformation operations.[202]

In response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Poilievre stated that a government led by him would support Ukraine by bringing in more Ukrainian refugees, providing more weapons to aid to Ukraine, and by supplying Europe with Canada's energy and oil through LNG Canada to help reduce Europe's dependency on energy from Russia.[203] Poilievre disagrees with putting a no-fly zone on Ukraine because he does not want to escalate Canada going to war.[204][205]

Poilievre said that a government led by him would ban his Cabinet ministers from participating in the World Economic Forum (WEF), stating that the forum "is against the interests of our people".[206]

Poilievre condemned the actions of Hamas during the 2023 Israel–Hamas war and stated that Israel has the right to defend itself.[207] He criticized South Africa's genocide case against Israel, calling the accusation a shameless and dishonest attack on Jewish people and the Jewish state.[208] In March 2024, Poilievre claimed his government would "defund antisemitism", and blamed the war on Iran, promising to ban the IRGC.[209]

### Social issues

[edit]

Poilievre supports abortion rights and access to abortion in Canada.[210][211][212] He stated that government led by him would not introduce and would not pass any legislation restricting access to abortion, though he would allow his caucus to have free votes on legislation.[213] In 2010, however, he supported a bill that would have criminalized pressuring a person to get an abortion and a motion where Parliament would have studied when a fetus should be considered a human.[214] In 2020, he changed his position and said that a government led by him would never introduce a bill on the topic, and no private ones would be adopted.[215] In 2021, Poilievre opposed a private member bill prohibiting sex-selective abortion.[216]

Poilievre supports same-sex marriage after previously opposing it; in a 2020 interview, he called it a "success" and stated "I voted against it 15 years ago. But I learned a lot".[217] In 2005, he gave a speech opposing same-sex marriage while favouring civil unions as an alternative and voted in favour on the motion to introduce legislation to re-instate an opposite-sex only definition of marriage in 2006.[9][218] He had also requested Finance Minister Jim Flaherty withhold money spent on sex reassignment surgery from Canada Health Transfer payments.[219] In 2021, Poilievre voted in favour of banning conversion therapy in a free vote.[220] However, in the following months, Poilievre would accuse Trudeau of "demonizing concerned parents" after the prime minister released a statement in support of LGBTQ+ Canadians on Twitter in response to anti-gender movement protests.[221] Poilievre's comments would draw condemnation from the executive director of LGBTQ+ advocacy group Egale Canada.[222] In February 2024, when asked by reporters for his views on Premier of Alberta Danielle Smith's transgender legislation and if he was against minors under 18 using puberty blockers to support medical gender transition, Poilievre affirmed his support for the decision.[223] In response to reporters asking if he believes transgender women should be allowed in women's change rooms and washrooms, Poilievre stated that "Female spaces should be exclusively for females, not for biological males", however he also stated that federal jurisdiction would not have the reach to legislate on the matter.[224]

Poilievre supports maintaining the legalization of soft drugs such as marijuana, while he opposes the decriminalization of "hard drugs",[225] stating "We're not talking about marijuana here, we're talking about highly lethal drugs that can stop a person's heart".[226] This is after previously voting against the legalization of marijuana in 2017.[227] He advocated for more treatment and recovery for those suffering from addictions which are "deadly" and that drug dealers should be facing "strong policing & tough sentences".[228] Poilievre plans to fund treatment and recovery for addicts by suing the pharmaceutical companies responsible for the opioid epidemic.[229]

Poilievre stated that he is in favour of freedom of speech and seeks to repeal Bill C-11 (Online Streaming Act) and the successor to Bill C-36 (Act to amend the Criminal Code and the Canadian Human Rights Act), describing them as censorship in Canada.[230] Poilievre plans to remove the proposed "digital safety commissioner" position with the introduction of what he titles as the "Free Speech Act" and would leave enforcement of crimes committed online to law enforcement.[231] Poilievre stated a government led by him would scrap direct federal research and other grants to universities if they do not commit to section 2(b) of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which protects freedom of expression. Poilievre also stated he would appoint a 'Free Speech Guardian' (on the condition that they are a former judge) that would ensure compliance to section 2(b), investigate claims of academic censorship, report to the federal government on the universities that refuse to uphold the Charter right, and recommend cuts to direct federal grants to universities that do not uphold the right.[232]

Poilievre announced his support of those in the Canada convoy protest who were protesting peacefully, while denouncing individuals who were seen as promoting extremism.[233][234] Poilievre believes that the federal government abused its power by invoking the Emergencies Act during the convoy protests and proposes limiting its power to prevent it from being used similarly in the future.[235]

### Immigration

[edit]

Poilievre describes himself as pro-immigration and seeks to put forward policies aiming to speed up processing times for immigration to reunite families, keep refugees safe, and get jobs filled in Canada.[236] Poilievre stated that a government led by him would negotiate agreements with provinces to license qualified professionals within 60 days of receiving applications, provide study loans to aid new immigrants in passing examinations, and permit immigrants to receive licences before moving to Canada.[237][158]

Poilievre has called for a tougher policy against illegal immigration and has accused the Trudeau government of allowing illegal border crossings at Roxham Road to continue. In 2023, he stated irregular border crossing points should be closed and loopholes allowing illegal migration to be ended by modifying the "Safe Third Country Agreement".[238][239]

In 2024, Poilievre stated that he intends to reduce significantly the number of asylum seekers and temporary residents, citing the high amount of new arrivals compared to the number of new housing.[240]

### Healthcare

[edit]

Poilievre supports Canada's public healthcare system, stating "I believe everybody should be able to get public health care. That's the system I've relied on my whole life."[241] Poilievre plans to address healthcare shortages in Canada by implementing interprovincial standardization for doctors and nurses which he would call the "Blue Seal" program and also by ensuring provinces expedite the approval of professional credentials of certified immigrants to increase the number of health care providers.[242][243] Poilievre pledged to uphold Justin Trudeau's healthcare funding set in 2023 for the provinces, but shared provincial premiers' criticisms of the funding being too low and he blamed Trudeau for overspending elsewhere.[244]

In June 2022, Poilievre introduced private members Bill C-278, Prevention of Government-imposed Vaccination Mandates Act, which would end federally enforced COVID-19 vaccine mandates.[245][246]

In October 2022, Poilievre voted in support of a Conservative private member's bill to amend the Criminal Code, prohibiting the act of coercing health professionals to euthanize patients in medical assistance in dying, with the aim of upholding "freedom of conscience" in section 2(a) of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.[247] The bill was defeated when all Liberal, NDP and Bloc members voted against it.[248]

### Firearms

[edit]

Poilievre opposes re-establishing the long-gun registry, and opposes the May 1, 2020, Order in Council that banned over 1,500 models of firearms.[249] Poilievre believes the best civilian firearms policy for Canada is to improve policing of gun smuggling and Poilievre is opposed to placing further restrictions on licensed firearms owners and sports shooters.[250][251]

## Personal life

[edit]

After moving to Ottawa, Poilievre dated Conservative political advisor Jenni Byrne until 2011.[252] In December 2017, Poilievre married Anaida Galindo, a Senate aide, in a ceremony in Portugal. Their first child, a daughter, was born in October 2018.[253] In September 2021, Poilievre welcomed his second child, a son.[254]

Poilievre is bilingual, speaking fluent English and French.[215] Poilievre's Fransaskois father, Donald, taught him to preserve French speaking from an early age.[7]

He has been described as "a bit of a history buff", with particular interest in World War I.[255]

Poilievre is a Catholic.[256][better source needed]

## Electoral history

[edit]

2022 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election

Candidate  | First ballot
Points  | %
Pierre Poilievre | 22,993.42 | 68.15
Jean Charest | 5,421.62 | 16.07
Leslyn Lewis | 3,269.54 | 9.69
Roman Baber | 1,696.76 | 5.83
Scott Aitchison | 356.66 | 1.06
Total  | 33,737.99  | 100.00
Sources: Conservative Party of Canada[257]

* v
* t
* e

2021 Canadian federal election: Carleton

Party  | Candidate  | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures
| Conservative | Pierre Poilievre | 35,356 | 49.9 | +3.55 | $108,590.73
| Liberal | Gustave Roy | 24,298 | 34.3 | −3.93 | $91,061.91
| New Democratic | Kevin Hua | 8,164 | 11.5 | +2.16 | $3,138.40
| People's | Peter Crawley | 1,728 | 2.4 | +1.26 | $1,053.55
| Green | Nira Dookeran | 1,327 | 1.9 | −3.04 | $2,403.07
Total valid votes/expense limit  | 70,873 | 99.37 | — | $122,996.20
Total rejected ballots  | 447 | 0.63 | +0.03
Turnout  | 71,320 | 74.57 | −2.61
Eligible voters  | 95,639
| Conservative hold | Swing | +3.74
Source: Elections Canada[258][259][260]

* v
* t
* e

2019 Canadian federal election: Carleton

Party  | Candidate  | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures
| Conservative | Pierre Poilievre | 32,147 | 46.35 | −0.51 | $95,365.47
| Liberal | Chris Rodgers | 26,518 | 38.23 | −5.51 | $106,000.32
| New Democratic | Kevin Hua | 6,479 | 9.34 | +3.21 | $2,169.60
| Green | Gordon Kubanek | 3,423 | 4.94 | +1.68 | $5,330.23
| People's | Alain Musende | 792 | 1.14 | - | none listed
Total valid votes/expense limit  | 69,359 | 100
Total rejected ballots  | 408 | 0.60 | +0.27
Turnout  | 67,767 | 77.18 | −3.77
Eligible voters  | 87,807
| Conservative hold | Swing | +2.50
Source: Elections Canada[261][262]

* v
* t
* e

2015 Canadian federal election: Carleton

Party  | Candidate  | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures
| Conservative | Pierre Poilievre | 27,762 | 46.86 | −14.81 | $166,805.35
| Liberal | Chris Rodgers | 25,913 | 43.74 | +22.88 | $101,336.54
| New Democratic | KC Larocque | 3,632 | 6.13 | −7.22 | $17,692.44
| Green | Deborah Coyne | 1,932 | 3.26 | −0.86 | $15,632.31
Total valid votes/expense limit  | 59,239 | 100.00 |  | $206,141.87
Total rejected ballots  | 196 | 0.33 | -
Turnout  | 59,435 | 80.95 | -
Eligible voters  | 73,418
| Conservative hold | Swing | −18.84

Source(s)

Elections Canada – Confirmed candidates for Carleton, 30 September 2015
Elections Canada – Preliminary Election Expenses Limits for Candidates

2011 Canadian federal election: Nepean–Carleton

Party  | Candidate  | Votes | % | ±%
| Conservative | Pierre Poilievre | 43,428 | 54.42 |
| Liberal | Ryan Keon | 20,146 | 25.25 |
| New Democratic | Ric Dagenais | 12,955 | 16.24 |
| Green | Jean-Luc Cooke | 3,266 | 4.09 |
Total valid votes  | 79,795
Turnout  | – |  %
2008 Canadian federal election: Nepean–Carleton

Party  | Candidate  | Votes | % | ±%
| Conservative | Pierre Poilievre | 39,921 | 55.8 |
| Liberal | Ed Mahfouz | 16,743 | 23.4 |
| Green | Lori Gadzala | 7,880 | 11.0 |
| New Democratic | Phil Brown | 6,946 | 9.7 |
Total valid votes  | 71,490
Turnout  | 69.4  |  %
2006 Canadian federal election: Nepean–Carleton

Party  | Candidate  | Votes | % | ±%
| Conservative | Pierre Poilievre | 39,512 | 55.0 |
| Liberal | Michael Gaffney | 20,111 | 28.0 |
| New Democratic | Laurel Gibbons | 8,274 | 11.5 |
| Green | Lori Gadzala | 3,976 | 5.5 |
Total valid votes  | 72,089
Turnout  | 75.8  |  %
2004 Canadian federal election: Nepean–Carleton

Party  | Candidate  | Votes | % | ±%
| Conservative | Pierre Poilievre | 30,420 | 45.7 |
| Liberal | David Pratt | 26,684 | 40.1 |
| New Democratic | Phil Brown | 6,072 | 9.1 |
| Green | Chris Walker | 2,886 | 4.3 |
| Marijuana | Brad Powers | 561 | 0.8 |
Total valid votes  | 66,848
Turnout  | 75.1  |  %

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[edit]

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207. ^ "Hamas determined to maximize Israeli and Palestinian deaths, Poilievre says". CBC News. November 17, 2023.
208. ^ "Trudeau says Canada supports the UN court but not necessarily genocide claim against Israel". CBC News. January 12, 2024.
209. ^ ICI.Radio-Canada.ca, Zone Politique- (April 2, 2024). "Poilievre wades into Middle East conflict during speech to Montreal-area synagogue". Radio-Canada.ca (in Canadian French). Retrieved August 13, 2024.
210. ^ Dougherty, Kevin (May 26, 2022). "Cacophonous exchanges between Charest, Poilievre in French debate". iPolitics. Archived from the original on June 26, 2022. Retrieved June 26, 2022. "In one of many thorny exchanges, Poilievre shot back in both official languages that he's "pro-choix" and "pro-choice.""
211. ^ Clark, Campbell (September 16, 2022). "The making of Pierre Poilievre, conservative proselytizer". The Globe And Mail. Archived from the original on January 24, 2023. Retrieved September 17, 2022. "In 2020, he adopted the position, as Mr. Harper had before him, that he would not lead a government that legislated on abortion. This year, he said he is pro-choice."
212. ^ "Conservative leadership debate: 5 out of 6 members say they're pro-choice". Global News. May 11, 2022. Archived from the original on September 13, 2022. Retrieved May 12, 2022.
213. ^ Ibrahim, Erika (May 12, 2022). "Thousands attend annual anti-abortion rally on Parliament Hill". The Globe and Mail. The Canadian Press. Archived from the original on June 3, 2022. Retrieved June 3, 2022. "Longtime MP Pierre Poilievre stated that a government led by him wouldn't pass or introduce legislation restricting access to abortion."
214. ^ Dawson, Tyler (February 16, 2022). "'We cannot endorse him': Anti-abortion group accuses Pierre Poilievre of being 'pro-abortion'". National Post. Archived from the original on October 16, 2023. Retrieved September 10, 2022.
215. ^ a b Denis Bellavance, Joël (January 17, 2020). ""Le mariage gai est un succès", dit Pierre Poilievre". La Presse. Archived from the original on April 5, 2022. Retrieved December 5, 2021. "il déclare qu'un éventuel gouvernement conservateur qu'il dirigerait ne présenterait jamais un projet de loi sur cet enjeu. Mais il irait plus loin en s'assurant qu'aucun projet de moi, même privé, ne soit adopté non plus. [he declares that a possible conservative government that he would lead would never present a bill on this issue. But he would go further by making sure that no project of mine, even private, was adopted either]."
216. ^ "Vote No. 125". House of Commons. Archived from the original on August 30, 2022. Retrieved September 10, 2022.
217. ^ Denis Bellavance, Joël (January 17, 2020). ""Le mariage gai est un succès", dit Pierre Poilievre". La Presse. Archived from the original on April 5, 2022. Retrieved December 5, 2021. "J'ai voté contre il y a 15 ans. Mais j'ai beaucoup appris, comme des millions et des millions de gens partout au Canada et à travers le monde. Je constate que le mariage gai est un succès. L'institution du mariage doit être ouverte à tous les citoyens, peu importe leur orientation sexuelle. [I voted against it 15 years ago. But I learned a lot, like millions and millions of people across Canada and around the world. I see that gay marriage is a success. The institution of marriage must be open to all citizens, regardless of their sexual orientation]."
218. ^ Tibbetts, Janice (December 8, 2006). "Same-sex debate". Ottawa Citizen. p. A3.
219. ^ "Ottawa shouldn't pick up tab for sex-changes: MP". CTV News. May 20, 2008. Archived from the original on March 6, 2022. Retrieved March 6, 2022.
220. ^ "VOTE NO. 175". House of Commons. Archived from the original on February 11, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
221. ^ "Trudeau says he never suggested those worried about 'parental rights' are hateful". The Globe and Mail. October 5, 2023. Retrieved November 16, 2023.
222. ^ "LGBTQ group condemns Poilievre's 'radical gender ideology' comments". CBC News. November 15, 2023. Retrieved December 8, 2023. "'Justin Trudeau does not have a right to impose his radical gender ideology on our kids and on our schools,' said Conservative Leader Pierre Poilievre at a rally in Richmond Hill this week."
223. ^ "Conservative Leader Pierre Poilievre says he opposes puberty blockers for minors". Global News. February 7, 2024. "During a news conference on Parliament Hill, the federal Conservative Leader answered "yes" when asked by a journalist to confirm, in the context of Alberta's proposed policy, that he was against the use of puberty blockers for people under 18."
224. ^ Bailey, Ian (February 21, 2024). "Conservative Leader Pierre Poilievre says he is against transgender women in female spaces". The Globe and Mail. "Federal Conservative Leader Pierre Poilievre says transgender women should not be allowed in women's change rooms and public washrooms, but as prime minister he would not have the reach to introduce legislation implementing such a ban."
225. ^ Fawcett, Max (June 9, 2022). "Opinion: Pierre Poilievre says he wants to make Canadians more free. So why does he oppose decriminalizing drugs?". Canada's National Observer. Archived from the original on October 20, 2022. Retrieved September 10, 2022. "But when it comes to the federal government's decision to decriminalize possessing small amounts of "hard drugs," their opposition — and their hypocrisy — has been much more audible."
226. ^ Shaw, Rob (November 8, 2022). "Rob Shaw: Poilievre and Eby have a lot in common on housing". Business in Vancouver. Archived from the original on November 9, 2022. Retrieved November 9, 2022. "We're not talking about marijuana here we're talking about highly lethal drugs that can stop a person's heart."
227. ^ "Vote No. 405". House of Commons. Archived from the original on July 24, 2024. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
228. ^ Fawcett, Max (June 9, 2022). "Opinion: Pierre Poilievre says he wants to make Canadians more free. So why does he oppose decriminalizing drugs?". Canada's National Observer. Archived from the original on October 20, 2022. Retrieved September 10, 2022. "Decriminalizing deadly drug use is the opposite of compassionate," he tweeted. "Those struggling with addiction need treatment & recovery. Drug dealers need strong policing & tough sentences."
229. ^ Masotti, Stefanie (February 20, 2023). "Pierre Poilievre says he will sue pharmaceutical companies that 'flooded' streets with opioids if elected". CTV News. Archived from the original on March 8, 2023. Retrieved September 10, 2022.
230. ^ Woolf, Marie (March 9, 2023). "Poilievre pledges to repeal online streaming bill, says it gives power to 'woke' agency". Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on March 11, 2023. Retrieved March 11, 2023. "Conservative Leader Pierre Poilievre pledged Thursday to repeal the online streaming bill if he wins the next federal election, calling it a "censorship" law that will curb freedom of expression on the internet."
\- Issawi, Hamdi (April 15, 2022). "Poilievre visits Edmonton, takes aim at 'gatekeepers' in bid for CPC leadership". Edmonton Journal. Archived from the original on April 15, 2022. Retrieved May 9, 2022. "Also on the candidate's chopping block is the federal Liberal's Bill C-11, a new version of the controversial Bill C-10 that died on the order paper after the last federal election was called."
\- Taylor-Vaisey, Nick; Blatchford, Andy; Lum, Zi-Ann (April 6, 2022). "Decoding the freedom-loving firebrand who wants to be Canada's next PM". Politico. Archived from the original on May 9, 2022. Retrieved May 9, 2022. "Poilievre's stump speech also references a forthcoming Liberal bill that will attempt to combat online hate. Rodriguez hasn't yet tabled the legislation, which is also a redo after the government's last attempt spawned serious concerns about "unintended consequences" for freedom of speech in Canada."
231. ^ Baily, Ian (June 15, 2022). "Politics Briefing: Interim Conservative Leader Candice Bergen takes rare step of inviting media to caucus meeting as Parliament's recess looms". Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on March 17, 2023. Retrieved March 17, 2023. "Pierre Poilievre said Wednesday that, as prime minister, he would introduce a "Free Speech Act" that would repeal Bill C-11, known as the Online Streaming Act, eliminate the proposed "digital safety commissioner" position created under the act and leave it to law enforcement to enforce the criminal code online."
232. ^ Lévesque, Catherine (June 21, 2022). "Poilievre promises to protect freedom of speech on campus, appoint a 'Free Speech Guardian'". National Post. Archived from the original on October 16, 2023. Retrieved August 25, 2022.
233. ^ "Conservative MP discusses his support for truckers' protest". CBC. Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved January 31, 2022.
234. ^ Lévesque, Catherine (February 11, 2022). "'I'm proud of the truckers,' says Poilievre in lambasting Justin Trudeau's response to protests". National Post. Archived from the original on October 16, 2023. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
235. ^ Nardi, Christopher (May 16, 2022). "Poilievre says he wants to 'curtail' Emergencies Act to prevent it from being used again for 'political purposes'". National Post. Postmedia. Archived from the original on October 16, 2023. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
236. ^ Taylor, Stephanie (December 18, 2022). "Pierre Poilievre thinks he can win over new Canadians. Here's how he plans to do it". CBC. Archived from the original on March 11, 2023. Retrieved March 11, 2023. "He was emphatic in an interview with a Punjabi radio show last month: 'The Conservative party is pro-immigration.'"
\- Saini, Rajinder (July 7, 2022). "Pierre Poilievre promises to remove gatekeepers, encourage immigration and make housing affordable". The Canadian Parvasi. Archived from the original on July 16, 2022. Retrieved September 8, 2022. "I am pro-immigration. My wife is a refugee to Canada from Venezuela. Canada needs immigration to fulfill its economic success and so our party will put forward a pro-immigration platform in the next election and we will fight for immigrants by pressuring the current government to remove the backlog and increase processing time so we can get families united, refugees safe, and jobs filled here in Canada."
237. ^ "How do the Conservative leadership candidates compare on the issues?". CBC News. Archived from the original on September 10, 2022. Retrieved September 10, 2022.
238. ^ "Poilievre adds to Legault's call for Liberal government to close Roxham Road border crossing". Archived from the original on August 24, 2023. Retrieved August 21, 2023.
239. ^ "Atlantic provinces begin to welcome Roxham Road asylum seekers". Archived from the original on August 24, 2023. Retrieved August 21, 2023.
240. ^ "Immigration: "Le Québec est au point de rupture", dit Poilievre". TVA Nouvelles. June 20, 2024. Retrieved June 27, 2024. "«Ça va être beaucoup plus bas, surtout pour l'immigration temporaire. C'est impossible d'inviter 1,2 million de nouvelles personnes au Canada chaque année lorsqu'on bâtit 200 000 logements. C'est impossible. Il n'y a pas de place. Le Québec est au point de rupture», a déclaré le chef conservateur en entrevue au TVA Nouvelles."
241. ^ Aiello, Rachel (January 23, 2023). "Trudeau watching as Ford plans to expand private delivery of public health care, Singh calls for conditions". CTV News. Archived from the original on March 8, 2023. Retrieved March 8, 2023.
242. ^ Paas-Lang, Christian (March 19, 2023). "Poilievre calls for changes to allow doctors, nurses to work across Canada". CBC News. Archived from the original on April 6, 2023. Retrieved April 5, 2023.
243. ^ Edwards, Samantha (September 10, 2022). "Pierre Poilievre is the new Conservative Party Leader. His policies and career so far". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on November 14, 2022. Retrieved October 8, 2022.
244. ^ Taylor, Stephanie (February 8, 2023). "Pierre Poilievre pledges to honour Trudeau's health-care funding offer to premiers". CP24. Archived from the original on March 8, 2023. Retrieved March 8, 2023.
245. ^ "C-278 (44–1) – LEGISinfo – Parliament of Canada". www.parl.ca. Archived from the original on November 26, 2022. Retrieved September 10, 2022.
246. ^ Saha, Pallab (June 3, 2022). "Conservative leadership hopeful Pierre Poilievre tables bill to ban COVID-19 vaccine mandates". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on June 3, 2022. Retrieved September 10, 2022.
247. ^ "Bill C-230". House of Commons. Archived from the original on March 6, 2023. Retrieved October 8, 2022.
248. ^ Taylor, Stephanie (October 5, 2022). "Conservative MP's bill on conscience rights fails, but gets Poilievre's support". CTVNews. Archived from the original on October 18, 2022. Retrieved October 7, 2022.
249. ^ Patel, Raisa (May 11, 2022). "Liberal moves push Conservative leadership hopefuls on abortion and gun control". The Toronto Star. Archived from the original on June 1, 2022. Retrieved June 1, 2022.
250. ^ "POILIEVRE: Canadians need a PM who hears them and offers hope". Toronto Sun. September 10, 2022. Archived from the original on September 12, 2022. Retrieved September 20, 2022.
251. ^ Kovtin, Dennis (May 30, 2022). "Feds table bill to limit handguns, meanwhile, most Conservative leadership candidates say they would scrap Firearms Act and start over". Hill Times. Archived from the original on September 20, 2022. Retrieved September 20, 2022.
252. ^ Radwanski, Adam (May 29, 2015). "Harper's enforcer: Meet Jenni Byrne, the most powerful woman in Ottawa". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on September 16, 2015.
253. ^ Pilieci, Vito (October 18, 2018). "MP Pierre Poilievre announces birth of baby girl". Ottawa Citizen. Archived from the original on February 13, 2022. Retrieved February 7, 2022.
254. ^ Poilievre, Pierre. "Poilievre on Twitter". Twitter. Archived from the original on March 6, 2022. Retrieved March 6, 2022.
255. ^ cpac (March 18, 2014). In The Riding with Pierre Poilievre. Retrieved August 15, 2024 - via YouTube.
256. ^ Pro-Life, Vote. "MP Pierre Poilievre - Carleton - Voting Records - Vote Pro-Life". www.voteprolife.ca. Retrieved July 11, 2024.
257. ^ "Riding by riding results" (PDF). cpcleadership.ca. September 10, 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 11, 2022. Retrieved September 17, 2022.
258. ^ "List of confirmed candidates – September 20, 2021 Federal Election". Elections Canada. Retrieved September 2, 2021.
259. ^ "Election Night Results – Electoral Districts". Elections Canada. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
260. ^ "Candidate Campaign Returns". Elections Canada. Retrieved July 19, 2022.
261. ^ "List of confirmed candidates". Elections Canada. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
262. ^ "Election Night Results". Elections Canada. Retrieved October 26, 2019.

1. ^ Office known as "Minister of State (Democratic Reform)" from July 15, 2013, to February 9, 2015.

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1Until 1909, the office of the minister of Labour was a secondary function of the Postmaster-General of Canada. W. L. M. King was the first to hold the office independently.

2The office of Minister of Employment and Immigration, and Minister of Labour were abolished and the office of Minister of Human Resources Development went in force on July 12, 1996. Under the new provisions, a Minister of Labour may be appointed. However, when no Minister of Labour is appointed, the Minister of Human Resources Development shall exercise the powers and perform the duties and functions of the Minister of Labour.

3Styled "Minister of Labour and Housing".

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