Pinzgauer cattle

Breed of cattle

For other uses of "Pinzgauer", see Pinzgauer.

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Pinzgauer

A Pinzgauer cow in the Achental, Tyrol, Austria

Conservation status| FAO (2007): not at risk[1]
Other names| Pinzgau
Country of origin| Austria
Distribution|

* Australia[2]
* Botswana[3]
* Brazil[4]
* Germany[5]
* Honduras[6]
* Italy[7]
* Namibia[8]
* Romania[9]
* South Africa[10]
* Ukraine[11]
* United Kingdom[12]
* United States[13]

Standard|

* MIPAAF (Italy)

Use| formerly triple-purpose, meat, milk and draught
Traits
Weight|

* Male:

1000 kg[14]

* Female:

650 kg[14]

Height|

* Male:

147 cm[14]

* Female:

138 cm[14]

Coat| dark mahogany red, with a broad white stripe along the back and underparts
Horn status| usually horned; there is a hornless sub-type

* Cattle
* Bos primigenius

Pinzgauer cattle in the Alps

The Pinzgauer is a breed of domestic cattle from the Pinzgau region of the federal state of Salzburg in Austria. It has distinctive colouring, with chestnut-brown sides and white back and underside. It was in the past a triple-purpose breed, raised for meat, milk and draught use. There is a naturally polled sub-type, the Jochberg Hummel.[15] In 2007 the breed was not considered by the FAO to be at risk.[1]

## History[edit]

According to genetic and morphological studies, the Pinzgauer cattle breed is most closely related to North German lowland breeds.

The Pinzgauer was first referred to as a breed in 1846, and prior to this called "Pinzgauer Fasel" or "Pinzgauer Schlag". In the 19th century, they were bred into strong stock for work on farms, at breweries, and in sugar-beet areas. In its heyday, the Pinzgauer became the most popular cattle breed in Austria-Hungary, subsequently expanding through Eastern Europe. The Bavarian Pinzgauer Cattle Breeding Association was founded in 1896. By December 1890, the Pinzgauer population had grown to 101,880 in Bavaria, but it eventually collapsed as a result of industrialization after World War I. Demand for the cattle decreased, and the breed was replaced by better milk-producing breeds such as Fleckvieh cattle. By 1930, Bavaria had only 85,000 Pingzauer cattle.

A naturally polled type, the Jochberger Hummel,[16] was considered a separate breed until 1997, when it was merged into the Pinzgauer herd book.[17] These cattle descend from a single, almost totally white calf that was born in 1834 in Tyrol. They were considered crippled and useless because they could not put on a yoke. Now Pinzgauer are not yoked, and the hornless breed is well adapted to modern husbandry. There are now fewer than 50 hornless Pinzgauer cattle in the world, so the type is endangered. Since 1988, there have only been two hornless bulls at the insemination station near Salzburg.

## Characteristics[edit]

The animals are auburn in colour. A luscious chestnut-colour is the breeding target. Black animals have occurred, but rarely, and were once seen as a curse. After 1900, black bulls were removed from the breeding system, and the black colour vanished. All Pinzgauers have the typical finched pattern in common: a broad white stripe lengthwise along the whole back. The abdomen, chest, udder, and tail are white as well.

The weight of cows ranges from 600 to 700 kg, and cows average 137 cm in height. Bull weight ranges from 1000 to 1100 kg, and bull height is 147 cm on average.

Pinzgauer cows at a fair in the US

## Population and performance[edit]

The Pinzgauer breed is considered endangered, and the population decreases about 10% per year. In 2001 there were 36,000 animals in Germany, and worldwide there were around 1.3 million. In Austria in 1995 there were 53,874 animals, 9,883 of which were registered in stud books.

Two conflicting tendencies caused the current rarity of purebred, high-performance animals. The Pinzgauer is mainly bred as a beef suckler cow, so there is no selection on milk performance. However, there are utility crossings with local or distinct beef breeds, too. In Austria itself, since 1969, Red Holstein have been crossed into Pinzgauer to increase the milk performance. The aim is to achieve 6,000 kg milk with 4% milk fat content and 3.5% protein. The average milk performance in Austria is 5,356 kg milk with 3.89% milk fat and 3.28% protein (2005).

## References[edit]

1. ^ a b Barbara Rischkowsky, D. Pilling (eds.) (2007). List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources, annex to The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 9789251057629. Accessed May 2014.
2. ^ Breed data sheet: Pinzgauer/Australia. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed May 2014.
3. ^ Breed data sheet: Pinzgauer/Botswana. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed May 2014.
4. ^ Breed data sheet: Pinzgauer/Brazil. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed May 2014.
5. ^ Breed data sheet: Pinzgauer/Germany. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed May 2014.
6. ^ Breed data sheet: Pinzgauer/Honduras. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed May 2014.
7. ^ Breed data sheet: Pinzgauer/Italy. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed May 2014.
8. ^ Breed data sheet: Pinzgauer/Namibia. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed May 2014.
9. ^ Breed data sheet: Pinzgau de transilvania/Romania. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed May 2014.
10. ^ Breed data sheet: Pinzgauer/South Africa. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed May 2014.
11. ^ Breed data sheet: Pintsgow/Ukraine. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed May 2014.
12. ^ Breed data sheet: Pinzgauer/United Kingdom. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed May 2014.
13. ^ Breed data sheet: Pinzgauer/United States of America. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed May 2014.
14. ^ a b c d Breed data sheet: Pinzgauer/Austria. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed May 2014.
15. ^ Erhard Höbaus, Eva Sommer, Doris Reinthaler ([2012]). Pinzgauer Rind (Pinzgauer cattle): Breed classification Type PIN 13 (old breeding goal). Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft. Accessed May 2014.
16. ^ Brenig, B. (August 2020). "Endangered Pinzgauer cattle subtype Jochberger Hummel are genetically distinct". Animal Genetics. 51 (4): 590–594. doi:10.1111/age.12949. PMID 32400895. S2CID 218619610.
17. ^ Breed data sheet: Jochberger Hummeln/Austria. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed October 2015.

## Further reading[edit]

H.H. Sambraus: Gefährdete Nutztierrassen, Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-8001-4099-3 (German Language)

* v
* t
* e

Cattle breeds of Austria

These are the cattle breeds considered in Austria to be wholly or partly of Austrian origin. Inclusion here does not necessarily imply that a breed is predominantly or exclusively Austrian.

* Ennstaler Bergscheck
* Kärntner Blondvieh
* Murbodner
* Original Braunvieh
* Österreichisches Braunvieh
* Österreichisches Gelbvieh
* Pinzgauer
* Pustertaler Sprinzen
* Tiroler Grauvieh
* Tux-Zillertal
* Waldviertler Blondvieh

Extinct breeds

* Jochberger Hummeln
* Lechtaler
* Mölltaler
* Mürztal
* Oststeirisches Fleckvieh
* Steirisches Braunvieh
* Tiroler Braunvieh
* Wipptaler
* Zillertaler

* v
* t
* e

Cattle breeds of Italy

* These are the cattle breeds considered in Italy to be wholly or partly of Italian origin. Inclusion here does not necessarily imply that a breed is predominantly or exclusively Italian.

* Abruzzese
* Agerolese
* Bardigiana
* Bianca Modenese
* Bianca Val Padana
* Bruna Italiana
* Bruna Italiana Vecchio Ceppo
* Burlina
* Cabannina
* Calabrese
* Calvana
* Camandona
* Carniella
* Chianina
* Chianino-Maremmana
* Cinisara
* Demonte
* Frisona Italiana
* Friuli
* Garfagnina
* Grigia alpina
* Grigia di Val d'Adige
* Grigia di Val di Fiemme
* Grossetana
* Lucana
* Marchigiana
* Maremmana
* Modenese
* Modicana
* Mölltal
* Montana
* Mucca Pisana
* Ossolana
* Pasturina
* Perugina
* Pezzata Rossa d'Oropa
* Pezzata Rossa Italiana
* Piemontese
* Pinzgauer
* Podolica
* Pontremolese
* Pugliese del basso Veneto
* Pustertaler Sprinzen
* Reggiana
* Rendena
* Romagnola
* Romana
* Sarda
* Sardo Bruna
* Sardo Modicana
* Sicilian
* Valdarno
* Val di Chiana
* Valdostana Castana
* Valdostana Pezzata Nera
* Valdostana Pezzata Rossa
* Valtarese
* Varzese-Ottonese-Tortonese

Other bovines

Mediterranea Italiana buffalo

* v
* t
* e

Cattle breeds of Germany

These are the cattle breeds considered to be wholly or partly of German origin.
Many have complex or obscure histories, so inclusion here does not necessarily imply that a breed is predominantly or exclusively German.

* Angeln
* Angler Rind alter Zuchtrichtung
* Ansbach-Triesdorfer
* Braunvieh
* Braunvieh alter Zuchtrichtung
* Deutsche Holstein Rotbunt (see Holstein Friesian cattle)
* Deutsche Holstein Schwarzbunt (see Holstein Friesian cattle)
* Deutsche Rotbunte
* Deutsches Schwarzbuntes Niederungsrind
* Deutsches Shorthorn
* Doppelnutzung Rotbunt
* Fleckvieh
* Fleckvieh Fleischnutzung
* Gelbvieh
* Gelbvieh Fleischnutzung
* German Angus
* German Black Pied Dairy
* Glan
* Grauvieh
* Harzer Rotvieh
* Hinterwald
* Hinterwälder Fleischnutzung
* Lakenvelder
* Limpurger
* Murnau-Werdenfels
* Murnau-Werdenfelser Fleischnutzung
* Pinzgauer
* Pinzgauer Fleischnutzung
* Rotes Höhenvieh
* Rotvieh alter Angler Zuchtrichtung
* Uckermärker
* Vogesen-Rind
* Vorderwald
* Vorderwälder Fleischnutzung

Extinct breeds

* Berchtesgadener Katze

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