Pixar

American computer animation studio (founded 1986)

This article is about the computer animation studio. For other uses, see Pixar (disambiguation).

Pixar Animation Studios

Logo used since 1995

Headquarters in Emeryville, California

Company type| Subsidiary
Industry| Animation
Predecessor| The Graphics Group of Lucasfilm Computer Division (1979–1986)
Founded| February 3, 1986; 38 years ago (1986-02-03) in Richmond, California
Founders|

* Edwin Catmull
* Alvy Ray Smith

Headquarters| 1200 Park Avenue,

Emeryville, California

U.S.

Area served

| Worldwide

Key people

* Jim Morris (CEO & President)
* Pete Docter (CCO)

Products| Computer animations
Brands|

* Pixar Image Computer
* Pixar RenderMan

Number of employees

| 1,233 (2020)
Parent| Walt Disney Studios (2006–present)
Website| www.pixar.com
Footnotes / references
[1][2][3]

Pixar Animation Studios, known simply as Pixar (/ˈpɪksɑːr/), is an American animation studio based in Emeryville, California, known for its critically and commercially successful computer-animated feature films. Pixar is a subsidiary of Walt Disney Studios, a division of Disney Entertainment, a segment of The Walt Disney Company.

Pixar started in 1979 as part of the Lucasfilm computer division. It was known as the Graphics Group before its spin-off as a corporation in 1986, with funding from Apple co-founder Steve Jobs who became its majority shareholder.[2] Disney announced its acquisition of Pixar in January 2006, and completed it in May 2006.[4][5][6] Pixar is best known for its feature films, technologically powered by RenderMan, the company's own implementation of the industry-standard RenderMan Interface Specification image-rendering API. The studio's mascot is Luxo Jr., a desk lamp from the studio's 1986 short film of the same name.

Pixar has produced 28 feature films, starting with Toy Story (1995), which is the first fully computer-animated feature film; its most recent film was Inside Out 2 (2024). The studio has also produced many short films. As of July 2023[update], its feature films have earned over $15 billion at the worldwide box office with an average gross of $589 million per film.[7] Toy Story 3 (2010), Finding Dory (2016), Incredibles 2 (2018), Toy Story 4 (2019) and the aforementioned Inside Out 2 all grossed over $1 billion and are among the 50 highest-grossing films of all time. Moreover, 15 of Pixar's films are in the 50 highest-grossing animated films of all time. Inside Out 2 is currently the highest grossing animated film of all time.[8]

Pixar has earned 23 Academy Awards, 10 Golden Globe Awards, and 11 Grammy Awards, along with numerous other awards and acknowledgments. Since its inauguration in 2001, eleven Pixar films have won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, including Finding Nemo (2003), The Incredibles (2004), Ratatouille (2007), WALL-E (2008), Up (2009), the aforementioned Toy Story 3 and Toy Story 4, Brave (2012), Inside Out (2015), Coco (2017), and Soul (2020). Toy Story 3 and Up were also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture.

In February 2009, Pixar executives John Lasseter, Brad Bird, Pete Docter, Andrew Stanton, and Lee Unkrich were presented with the Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement by the Venice Film Festival. The physical award was ceremoniously handed to Lucasfilm's founder, George Lucas.

## History

[edit]

### Early history

[edit]

A Pixar computer at the Computer History Museum in Mountain View with the 1986–95 logo on it

Pixar got its start in 1974, when New York Institute of Technology's (NYIT) founder, Alexander Schure, who was also the owner of a traditional animation studio, established the Computer Graphics Lab (CGL) and recruited computer scientists who shared his ambitions about creating the world's first computer-animated film.[citation needed] Edwin Catmull and Malcolm Blanchard were the first to be hired and were soon joined by Alvy Ray Smith and David DiFrancesco some months later, who were the four original members of the Computer Graphics Lab, located in a converted two-story garage acquired from the former Vanderbilt-Whitney estate.[9][10] Schure invested significant funds into the computer graphics lab, approximately $15 million, providing the resources the group needed but contributing to NYIT's financial difficulties.[11] Eventually, the group realized they needed to work in a real film studio to reach their goal. Francis Ford Coppola then invited Smith to his house for a three-day media conference, where Coppola and George Lucas shared their visions for the future of digital moviemaking.[12]

When Lucas approached the group and offered them a job at his studio, six employees moved to Lucasfilm. During the following months, they gradually resigned from CGL, found temporary jobs for about a year to avoid making Schure suspicious, and joined the Graphics Group at Lucasfilm.[13][14] The Graphics Group, which was one-third of the Computer Division of Lucasfilm, was launched in 1979 with the hiring of Catmull from NYIT,[15] where he was in charge of the Computer Graphics Lab. He was then reunited with Smith, who also made the journey from NYIT to Lucasfilm, and was made the director of the Graphics Group. At NYIT, the researchers pioneered many of the CG foundation techniques — in particular, the invention of the alpha channel by Catmull and Smith.[16] Over the next several years, the CGL would produce a few frames of an experimental film called The Works. After moving to Lucasfilm, the team worked on creating the precursor to RenderMan, called REYES (for "renders everything you ever saw"), and developed several critical technologies for CG — including particle effects and various animation tools.[17]

John Lasseter was hired to the Lucasfilm team for a week in late 1983 with the title "interface designer"; he animated the short film The Adventures of André & Wally B.[18] In the next few years, a designer suggested naming a new digital compositing computer the "Picture Maker". Smith suggested that the laser-based device have a catchier name, and came up with "Pixer", which after a meeting was changed to "Pixar".[19] According to Michael Rubin, the author of Droidmaker: George Lucas and the Digital Revolution, Smith and three other employees came up with the name during a restaurant visit in 1981, but when interviewing them he got four different versions about the origin of the name.[20]

In 1982, the Pixar team began working on special-effects film sequences with Industrial Light & Magic. After years of research, and key milestones such as the Genesis Effect in Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan and the Stained Glass Knight in Young Sherlock Holmes,[15] the group, which then numbered 40 individuals, was spun out as a corporation in February 1986 by Catmull and Smith. Among the 38 remaining employees were Malcolm Blanchard, David DiFrancesco, Ralph Guggenheim, and Bill Reeves, who had been part of the team since the days of NYIT. Tom Duff, also an NYIT member, would later join Pixar after its formation.[2] With Lucas's 1983 divorce, which coincided with the sudden dropoff in revenues from Star Wars licenses following the release of Return of the Jedi, they knew he would most likely sell the whole Graphics Group. Worried that the employees would be lost to them if that happened, which would prevent the creation of the first computer-animated movie, they concluded that the best way to keep the team together was to turn the group into an independent company. But Moore's Law also suggested that sufficient computing power for the first film was still some years away, and they needed to focus on a proper product until then. Eventually, they decided they should be a hardware company in the meantime, with their Pixar Image Computer as the core product, a system primarily sold to governmental, scientific, and medical markets.[2][11][21] They also used SGI computers.[22]

In 1983, Nolan Bushnell founded a new computer-guided animation studio called Kadabrascope as a subsidiary of his Chuck E. Cheese's Pizza Time Theatres company (PTT), which was founded in 1977. Only one major project was made out of the new studio, an animated Christmas special for NBC starring Chuck E. Cheese and other PTT mascots; known as "Chuck E. Cheese: The Christmas That Almost Wasn't". The animation movement would be made using tweening instead of traditional cel animation. After the video game crash of 1983, Bushnell started selling some subsidiaries of PTT to keep the business afloat. Sente Technologies (another division, was founded to have games distributed in PTT stores) was sold to Bally Games and Kadabrascope was sold to Lucasfilm. The Kadabrascope assets were combined with the Computer Division of Lucasfilm.[23] Coincidentally, one of Steve Jobs's first jobs was under Bushnell in 1973 as a technician at his other company Atari, which Bushnell sold to Warner Communications in 1976 to focus on PTT.[24] PTT would later go bankrupt in 1984 and be acquired by ShowBiz Pizza Place.[25]

### Independent company (1986–1999)

[edit]

A Luxo Jr. figure display in Hong Kong

In 1986, the newly independent Pixar was headed by President Edwin Catmull and Executive Vice President Alvy Ray Smith. Lucas's search for investors led to an offer from Steve Jobs, which Lucas initially found too low. He eventually accepted after determining it impossible to find other investors. At that point, Smith and Catmull had been declined by 35 venture capitalists and ten large corporations,[26] including a deal with General Motors which fell through three days before signing the contracts.[27] Jobs, who had been edged out of Apple in 1985,[2] was now founder and CEO of the new computer company NeXT. On February 3, 1986, he paid $5 million of his own money to George Lucas for technology rights and invested $5 million cash as capital into the company, joining the board of directors as chairman.[2][28]

In 1985 while still at Lucasfilm, they had made a deal with the Japanese publisher Shogakukan to make a computer-animated movie called Monkey, based on the Monkey King. The project continued sometime after they became a separate company in 1986, but it became clear that the technology was not sufficiently advanced. The computers were not powerful enough and the budget would be too high. As a result, they focused on the computer hardware business for years until a computer-animated feature became feasible according to Moore's law.[29][30]

At the time, Walt Disney Studios made the decision to develop more efficient ways of producing animation. They reached out to Graphics Group at Lucasfilm and to Digital Productions. Because of the Graphics Group's deeper understanding of animation, and Smith's experience with paint programs at NYIT, it convinced Disney they were the right choice. In May 1986 Pixar signed a contract with Disney, who eventually bought and used the Pixar Image Computer and custom software written by Pixar as part of its Computer Animation Production System (CAPS) project, to migrate the laborious ink and paint part of the 2D animation process to a more automated method.[31] The company's first feature film to be released using this new animation method was The Rescuers Down Under (1990).[32][33]

In a bid to drive sales of the system and increase the company's capital, Jobs suggested releasing the product to the mainstream market. Pixar employee John Lasseter, who had long been working on not-for-profit short demonstration animations, such as Luxo Jr. (1986) to show off the device's capabilities, premiered his creations to great fanfare at SIGGRAPH, the computer graphics industry's largest convention.[34]

However, the Image Computer had inadequate sales[34] which threatened to end the company as financial losses grew. Jobs increased investment in exchange for an increased stake, reducing the proportion of management and employee ownership until eventually, his total investment of $50 million gave him control of the entire company. In 1989, Lasseter's growing animation department which was originally composed of just four people (Lasseter, Bill Reeves, Eben Ostby, and Sam Leffler), was turned into a division that produced computer-animated commercials for outside companies.[1][35][36] In April 1990, Pixar sold its hardware division, including all proprietary hardware technology and imaging software, to Vicom Systems, and transferred 18 of Pixar's approximately 100 employees. In the same year Pixar moved from San Rafael to Richmond, California.[37] Pixar released some of its software tools on the open market for Macintosh and Windows systems. RenderMan is one of the leading 3D packages of the early 1990s, and Typestry is a special-purpose 3D text renderer that competed with RayDream.[citation needed]

During this period of time, Pixar continued its successful relationship with Walt Disney Feature Animation, a studio whose corporate parent would ultimately become its most important partner. As 1991 began, however, the layoff of 30 employees in the company's computer hardware department—including the company's president, Chuck Kolstad,[38] reduced the total number of employees to just 42, approximately its original number.[39] On March 6, 1991, Steve Jobs bought the company from its employees and became the full owner. He contemplated folding it into NeXT, but the NeXT's co-founders refused.[27] A few months later Pixar made a historic $26 million deal with Disney to produce three computer-animated feature films, the first of which was Toy Story (1995), the product of the technological limitations that challenged CGI.[40] By then the software programmers working on RenderMan and IceMan, and Lasseter's animation department, which made television commercials (and four Luxo Jr. shorts for Sesame Street the same year), were all that remained of Pixar.[41]

Despite the income from these projects, the company still continued to lose money and Steve Jobs, as chairman of the board and now owner, often considered selling it. As late as 1994, Jobs contemplated selling Pixar to other companies such as Hallmark Cards, Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen, and Oracle CEO and co-founder Larry Ellison.[42] After learning from New York critics that Toy Story would probably be a hit, and confirming that Disney would distribute it for the 1995 Christmas season, he decided to give Pixar another chance.[43][44] Also for the first time, he took an active leadership role in the company and made himself CEO.[45] Toy Story grossed more than $373 million worldwide[46] and, when Pixar held its initial public offering on November 29, 1995, it exceeded Netscape's as the biggest IPO of the year. In its first half-hour of trading, Pixar stock shot from $22 to $45, delaying trading because of unmatched buy orders. Shares climbed to US$49 and closed the day at $39.[47]

The company continued to make the television commercials during the production of Toy Story, which came to an end on July 9, 1996, when Pixar announced they would shut down its television commercial unit, which counted 18 employees, to focus on longer projects and interactive entertainment.[48][49]

During the 1990s and 2000s, Pixar gradually developed the "Pixar Braintrust", the studio's primary creative development process, in which all of its directors, writers, and lead storyboard artists regularly examine each other's projects and give very candid "notes", the industry term for constructive criticism.[50] The Braintrust operates under a philosophy of a "filmmaker-driven studio", in which creatives help each other move their films forward through a process somewhat like peer review, as opposed to the traditional Hollywood approach of an "executive-driven studio" in which directors are micromanaged through "mandatory notes" from development executives outranking the producers.[51][52] According to Catmull, it evolved out of the working relationship between Lasseter, Andrew Stanton, Pete Docter, Lee Unkrich, and Joe Ranft on Toy Story.[50]

As a result of the success of Toy Story, Pixar built a new studio at the Emeryville campus which was designed by PWP Landscape Architecture and opened in November 2000.[citation needed]

### Collaboration with Disney (1999–2006)

[edit]

Pixar and Disney had disagreements over the production of Toy Story 2. Originally intended as a direct-to-video release (and thus not part of Pixar's three-picture deal), the film was eventually upgraded to a theatrical release during production. Pixar demanded that the film then be counted toward the three-picture agreement, but Disney refused.[53] Though profitable for both, Pixar later complained that the arrangement was not equitable. Pixar was responsible for creation and production, while Disney handled marketing and distribution. Profits and production costs were split equally, but Disney exclusively owned all story, character, and sequel rights and also collected a 10- to 15-percent distribution fee.[54]

The two companies attempted to reach a new agreement for ten months and failed on January 26, 2001, July 26, 2002, April 22, 2003, January 16, 2004, July 22, 2004, and January 14, 2005. The proposed distribution deal meant Pixar would control production and own the resulting story, character, and sequel rights, while Disney would own the right of first refusal to distribute any sequels. Pixar also wanted to finance its own films and collect 100 percent profit, paying Disney the 10- to 15-percent distribution fee.[55] In addition, as part of any distribution agreement with Disney, Pixar demanded control over films already in production under the old agreement, including The Incredibles (2004) and Cars (2006). Disney considered these conditions unacceptable, but Pixar would not concede.

Disagreements between Steve Jobs and Disney chairman and CEO Michael Eisner caused the negotiations to cease in 2004, with Disney forming Circle Seven Animation and Jobs declaring that Pixar was actively seeking partners other than Disney.[56] Despite this announcement and several talks with Warner Bros., Sony Pictures, and 20th Century Fox, Pixar did not enter negotiations with other distributors,[57] although a Warner Bros. spokesperson told CNN, "We would love to be in business with Pixar. They are a great company."[55] After a lengthy hiatus, negotiations between the two companies resumed following the departure of Eisner from Disney in September 2005. In preparation for potential fallout between Pixar and Disney, Jobs announced in late 2004 that Pixar would no longer release movies at the Disney-dictated November time frame, but during the more lucrative early summer months. This would also allow Pixar to release DVDs for its major releases during the Christmas shopping season. An added benefit of delaying Cars from November 4, 2005, to June 9, 2006, was to extend the time frame remaining on the Pixar-Disney contract, to see how things would play out between the two companies.[57]

Pending the Disney acquisition of Pixar, the two companies created a distribution deal for the intended 2007 release of Ratatouille, to ensure that if the acquisition failed, this one film would be released through Disney's distribution channels. In contrast to the earlier Pixar deal, Ratatouille was meant to remain a Pixar property and Disney would have received a distribution fee. The completion of Disney's Pixar acquisition, however, nullified this distribution arrangement.[58]

### Walt Disney Studios subsidiary (2006–present)

[edit]

After extended negotiations, Disney ultimately agreed on January 24, 2006, to buy Pixar for approximately $7.4 billion in an all-stock deal.[59] Following Pixar shareholder approval, the acquisition was completed on May 5, 2006. The transaction catapulted Jobs, who owned 49.65% of total share interest in Pixar, to Disney's largest individual shareholder with 7%, valued at $3.9 billion, and a new seat on its board of directors.[6][60] Jobs' new Disney holdings exceeded holdings belonging to Eisner, the previous top shareholder, who still held 1.7%; and Disney Director Emeritus Roy E. Disney, who held almost 1% of the corporation's shares. Pixar shareholders received 2.3 shares of Disney common stock for each share of Pixar common stock redeemed.[61]

As part of the deal, John Lasseter, by then Executive Vice President, became Chief Creative Officer (reporting directly to president and CEO Bob Iger and consulting with Disney Director Roy E. Disney) of both Pixar and Walt Disney Animation Studios (including its division Disneytoon Studios), as well as the Principal Creative Adviser at Walt Disney Imagineering, which designs and builds the company's theme parks.[60] Catmull retained his position as President of Pixar, while also becoming President of Walt Disney Animation Studios, reporting to Iger and Dick Cook, chairman of the Walt Disney Studios. Jobs's position as Pixar's chairman and chief executive officer was abolished, and instead, he took a place on the Disney board of directors.[62]

After the deal closed in May 2006, Lasseter revealed that Iger had felt that Disney needed to buy Pixar while watching a parade at the opening of Hong Kong Disneyland in September 2005.[63] Iger noticed that of all the Disney characters in the parade, none were characters that Disney had created within the last ten years since all the newer ones had been created by Pixar.[63] Upon returning to Burbank, Iger commissioned a financial analysis that confirmed that Disney had actually lost money on animation for the past decade, then presented that information to the board of directors at his first board meeting after being promoted from COO to CEO, and the board, in turn, authorized him to explore the possibility of a deal with Pixar.[64] Lasseter and Catmull were wary when the topic of Disney buying Pixar first came up, but Jobs asked them to give Iger a chance (based on his own experience negotiating with Iger in summer 2005 for the rights to ABC shows for the fifth-generation iPod Classic),[65] and in turn, Iger convinced them of the sincerity of his feeling that Disney needed to re-focus on animation.[63]

John Lasseter appears with characters from Up at the 2009 Venice Film Festival.

Lasseter and Catmull's oversight of both the Disney Feature Animation and Pixar studios did not mean that the two studios were merging, however. In fact, additional conditions were laid out as part of the deal to ensure that Pixar remained a separate entity, a concern that analysts had expressed about the Disney deal.[66][page needed] Some of those conditions were that Pixar HR policies would remain intact, including the lack of employment contracts. Also, the Pixar name was guaranteed to continue, and the studio would remain in its current Emeryville, California, location with the "Pixar" sign. Finally, branding of films made post-merger would be "Disney•Pixar" (beginning with Cars).[67]

Jim Morris, producer of WALL-E (2008), became general manager of Pixar. In this new position, Morris took charge of the day-to-day running of the studio facilities and products.[68]

After a few years, Lasseter and Catmull were able to successfully transfer the basic principles of the Pixar Braintrust to Disney Animation, although meetings of the Disney Story Trust are reportedly "more polite" than those of the Pixar Braintrust.[69] Catmull later explained that after the merger, to maintain the studios' separate identities and cultures (notwithstanding the fact of common ownership and common senior management), he and Lasseter "drew a hard line" that each studio was solely responsible for its own projects and would not be allowed to borrow personnel from or lend tasks out to the other.[70][71] The rule ensures that each studio maintains "local ownership" of projects and can be proud of its own work.[70][71] Thus for example, when Pixar had issues with Ratatouille and Disney Animation had issues with Bolt (2008), "nobody bailed them out" and each studio was required "to solve the problem on its own" despite knowing that there were personnel at the other studio who theoretically could have helped.[70][71]

#### Expansion and John Lasseter's exit (2010–2018)

[edit]

On April 20, 2010, Pixar opened Pixar Canada in the downtown area of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.[72] The roughly 2,000 square meters studio produced seven short films based on Toy Story and Cars characters. In October 2013, the studio was closed down to refocus Pixar's efforts at its main headquarters.[73]

In November 2014, Morris was promoted to president of Pixar, while his counterpart at Disney Animation, general manager Andrew Millstein, was also promoted to president of that studio.[74] Both continued to report to Catmull, who retained the title of president of both Disney Animation and Pixar.[74]

On November 21, 2017, Lasseter announced that he was taking a six-month leave of absence after acknowledging what he called "missteps" in his behavior with employees in a memo to staff. According to The Hollywood Reporter and The Washington Post, Lasseter had a history of alleged sexual misconduct towards employees.[75][76][77] On June 8, 2018, it was announced that Lasseter would leave Disney Animation and Pixar at the end of the year, but would take on a consulting role until then.[78] Pete Docter was announced as Lasseter's replacement as chief creative officer of Pixar on June 19, 2018.[79]

#### Sequels and financial success (2018–2019)

[edit]

On June 15, 2018, Incredibles 2 was released, setting a record for widest opening weekend worldwide and domestic for an animated film.[80] The film would eventually gross $1.2 billion worldwide.[81] On October 23, 2018, it was announced that Catmull would be retiring. He stayed in an adviser role until July 2019.[82] On January 18, 2019, it was announced that Lee Unkrich would be leaving Pixar after 25 years.[83] On June 21, 2019, Toy Story 4 was released, surpassing the widest opening worldwide weekend record that Incredibles 2 set.[84] The film would make over $1 billion and win the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature.[85][86] During the 2019 D23 Expo, Pixar announced that their next film, Soul, would release in 2020.[87] Ahead of the launch of Disney+, Pixar debuted SparkShorts, experimental shorts done by Pixar staff.[88]

#### COVID-19, Disney+ releases, and financial struggles (2020–present)

[edit]

Pixar released Onward on March 6, 2020. However, due to the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, the film underperformed at the box office and was released onto rental digital services on March 20, and later on Disney+ on April 3.[89] Due to the pandemic, Soul was moved to November 2020, and ultimately released on December 25, 2020, on Disney+ at no additional cost to subscribers, and later became the first animated streaming film to win the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature.[90] Pixar's next two features, Luca and Turning Red, were also released free on Disney+ in June 2021 and March 2022, respectively.[91][92] In 2021, several Pixar employees anonymously criticized Disney's decision to release their films direct to Disney+.[93]

Lightyear, Pixar's first movie to return to theaters was released in June 2022. The film became a box-office failure with Deadline Hollywood calculating the film lost the studio $106 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues.[94] In September 2022, Jonas Rivera was promoted to Executive VP of Film Production at Pixar overseeing all film and streaming production.[95] In December 2022, Disney CEO Bob Iger noted that they would rely more on the Pixar brand.[96] In June 2023, Disney laid off 75 employees including the director of Lightyear Angus MacLane, and the film's producer Galyn Susman.[97]

During that same month, Elemental was released. During the film's opening weekend, Docter stated that Pixar "trained audiences that these films will be available for you on Disney+".[98] Despite opening below projections, Elemental ultimately made a box office comeback by early August 2023, crossing $400 million at the worldwide box office. Disney's EVP of Theatrical Distribution Tony Chambers stated "After a disappointing opening weekend, we're really pleased that audiences have discovered what a great movie it is."[99] That same month, Morris said "at the box office we're looking at now, [the film] should do better than break even theatrically. And then we have revenue from streaming, theme parks and consumer products. This will certainly be a profitable film for the Disney company."[100] In December 2023, it was announced that Soul, Turning Red and Luca would be released in theaters in the United States in the first quarter of 2024.[101]

In January 2024, it was reported that Pixar's staff would face imminent layoffs by 20 percent, reducing the studio's workforce to less than 1,000 employees.[102][103] However, the layoffs were then delayed and did not occur, reportedly because of production schedules.[104] In May 2024, the studio proceeded with slightly smaller layoffs: 175 employees or approximately 14 percent of the studio's workforce of over 1,300 employees.[104][105] The layoffs occurred as the studio began to rely less on direct-to-streaming series and more on feature films intended primarily for theatrical exhibition.[104][105]

On June 14 of the same year, Inside Out 2 was released and became financially successful. The film had a domestic opening of $154 million, the third highest for an animated film, and the biggest global opening for an animated movie with $294 million. Since then the film broke multiple box office records. It had the highest second weekend gross for an animated film with $100 million, being the first to reach the 6 digit second opening weekend. It became the fastest animated movie to reach $1 billion at the global box office, reaching the milestone in 17 days. It also out-grossed Incredibles 2 to become the highest grossing Pixar film globally.[106]

## Campus

[edit]

The Steve Jobs Building at the Pixar campus in Emeryville A view of the atrium at the Pixar campus in 2010

When Steve Jobs, chief executive officer of Apple Inc. and Pixar, and John Lasseter, then-executive vice president of Pixar, decided to move their studios from a leased space in Point Richmond, California, to larger quarters of their own, they chose a 20-acre site in Emeryville, California,[107] formerly occupied by Del Monte Foods, Inc. The first of several buildings, the high-tech structure designed by Bohlin Cywinski Jackson[108] has special foundations and electricity generators to ensure continued film production, even through major earthquakes. The character of the building is intended to abstractly recall Emeryville's industrial past. The two-story steel-and-masonry building is a collaborative space with many pathways.[109]

The digital revolution in filmmaking was driven by applied mathematics, including computational physics and geometry.[110] In 2008, this led Pixar senior scientist Tony DeRose to offer to host the second Julia Robinson Mathematics Festival at the Emeryville campus.[111]

## Filmography

[edit]

Main articles: List of Pixar films and List of Pixar shorts

### Traditions

[edit]

Main article: List of Pixar film references

Release timeline1995| Toy Story

|

1996
1997
1998| A Bug's Life
1999| Toy Story 2
2000
2001| Monsters, Inc.
2002
2003| Finding Nemo
2004| The Incredibles
2005
2006| Cars
2007| Ratatouille
2008| WALL-E
2009| Up
2010| Toy Story 3
2011| Cars 2
2012| Brave
2013| Monsters University
2014
2015| Inside Out
The Good Dinosaur
2016| Finding Dory
2017| Cars 3
Coco
2018| Incredibles 2
2019| Toy Story 4
2020| Onward
Soul
2021| Luca
2022| Turning Red
Lightyear
2023| Elemental
2024| Inside Out 2
2025| Elio
2026| Hoppers
Toy Story 5
TBA| Incredibles 3

Some of Pixar's first animators were former cel animators including John Lasseter, and others came from computer animation or were fresh college graduates.[112] A large number of animators that make up its animation department had been hired around the releases of A Bug's Life (1998), Monsters, Inc. (2001), and Finding Nemo (2003). The success of Toy Story (1995) made Pixar the first major computer-animation studio to successfully produce theatrical feature films. The majority of the animation industry was (and still is) located in Los Angeles, and Pixar is located 350 miles (560 km) north in the San Francisco Bay Area. Traditional hand-drawn animation was still the dominant medium for feature animated films.[citation needed]

With the scarcity of Los Angeles-based animators willing to move their families so far north to give up traditional animation and try computer animation, Pixar's new hires at this time either came directly from college or had worked outside feature animation. For those who had traditional animation skills, the Pixar animation software Marionette was designed so that traditional animators would require a minimum amount of training before becoming productive.[112]

In a 2007 interview with PBS talk show host Tavis Smiley,[113] Lasseter said that Pixar's films follow the same theme of self-improvement as the company itself has: with the help of friends or family, a character ventures out into the real world and learns to appreciate his friends and family. At the core, Lasseter said, "it's gotta be about the growth of the main character and how he changes."[113]

Actor John Ratzenberger, who had previously starred in the television series Cheers (1982–1993), has voiced a character in every Pixar feature film from Toy Story through Onward (2020). A non-speaking background character in Soul (2020) bears his likeness. Pixar paid tribute to Ratzenberger in the end credits of Cars (2006) by parodying scenes from three of its earlier films (Toy Story, Monsters, Inc., and A Bug's Life), replacing all of the characters with motor vehicle versions of them and giving each film an automotive-based title. After the third scene, Mack (his character in Cars) realizes that the same actor has been voicing characters in every film.

Due to the traditions that have occurred within the films and shorts such as anthropomorphic creatures and objects, and easter egg crossovers between films and shorts that have been spotted by Pixar fans, a blog post titled The Pixar Theory was published in 2013 by Jon Negroni, and popularized by the YouTube channel Super Carlin Brothers,[114] proposing that all of the characters within the Pixar universe were related, surrounding Boo from Monsters Inc. and the Witch from Brave (2012).[115][116][117]

Additionally, Pixar is known for their films having expensive budgets, ranging from $150–200 million. Some of these films include Ratatouille (2007), Toy Story 3 (2010), Toy Story 4 (2019), Incredibles 2 (2018), Inside Out (2015), Inside Out 2 (2024), The Good Dinosaur (2015), the aforementioned Onward and Soul, Turning Red, Lightyear (both 2022), and Elemental (2023). In a 2023 interview, Pixar's president Jim Morris stated that one of the reasons why their films have expensive budgets is because they are produced entirely in the U.S. with all of the artists under one roof, while almost all of their competitors keep costs down by doing work offshore.[100]

### Sequels and prequels

[edit]

As of September 2022, six Pixar films have received or will receive sequels or prequels. These films are Toy Story, Cars, Monsters, Inc., Finding Nemo, The Incredibles, and Inside Out.

Toy Story 2 was originally commissioned by Disney as a 60-minute direct-to-video film. Expressing doubts about the strength of the material, John Lasseter convinced the Pixar team to start from scratch and make the sequel their third full-length feature film.

Following the release of Toy Story 2 in 1999, Pixar and Disney had a gentlemen's agreement that Disney would not make any sequels without Pixar's involvement though retaining a right to do so. After the two companies were unable to agree on a new deal, Disney announced in 2004 they would plan to move forward on sequels with or without Pixar and put Toy Story 3 into pre-production at Disney's then-new CGI division Circle Seven Animation. However, when Lasseter was placed in charge of all Disney and Pixar animation following Disney's acquisition of Pixar in 2006, he put all sequels on hold and Toy Story 3 was canceled. In May 2006, it was announced that Toy Story 3 was back in pre-production with a new plot and under Pixar's control. The film was released on June 18, 2010, as Pixar's eleventh feature film.

Shortly after announcing the resurrection of Toy Story 3, Lasseter stated, "If we have a great story, we'll do a sequel."[118] Cars 2, Pixar's first non-Toy Story sequel, was officially announced in April 2008 and released on June 24, 2011, as their twelfth. Monsters University, a prequel to Monsters, Inc. (2001), was announced in April 2010 and initially set for release in November 2012;[119] the release date was pushed to June 21, 2013, due to Pixar's past success with summer releases, according to a Disney executive.[120]

In June 2011, Tom Hanks, who voiced Woody in the Toy Story series, implied that Toy Story 4 was "in the works", although it had not yet been confirmed by the studio.[121][122] In April 2013, Finding Dory, a sequel to Finding Nemo, was announced for a June 17, 2016, release.[123] In March 2014, Incredibles 2 and Cars 3 were announced as films in development.[124] In November 2014, Toy Story 4 was confirmed to be in development with Lasseter serving as director.[125] However, in July 2017, Lasseter announced that he had stepped down, leaving Josh Cooley as sole director.[126] Released in June 2019, Toy Story 4 ranks among the 40 top-grossing films in American cinema.[127]

On July 3, 2016, Pixar president Jim Morris announced that the studio might be moving away from sequels after Toy Story 4.[128] This was affirmed by producer Mark Nielsen in May 2019.[129] Shortly after its release, Pixar's chief creative officer Pete Docter confirmed that the studio would take a break from sequels and focus on original projects. However, in a later interview, Docter said the studio would have to return to making sequels at some point for its "financial safety".[130] In September 2022, during the D23 Expo, Docter and Amy Poehler (voice of Joy in Inside Out) confirmed that Inside Out 2 was in development, with the film being released on June 14, 2024.[131] In February 2023, Disney CEO Bob Iger announced that Toy Story 5 is in development, aiming for a 2026 release.[132][133] In August 2024, during the D23 Expo, Docter announced that Incredibles 3 is in development, with Brad Bird returning to develop.[134]

That same month, on the subject of making a sequel, Docter stated "I want to make it because we have something new to say with these characters. And there's been a number of films that we would love to have a sequel to, that we couldn't find something."[135]

### Adaptation to television

[edit]

Main article: List of Pixar television series

Toy Story is the first Pixar film to be adapted for television as a Buzz Lightyear of Star Command film and TV series on the UPN television network, now The CW. Cars became the second with the help of Cars Toons, a series of 3-to-5-minute short films running between regular Disney Channel show intervals and featuring Mater from Cars.[136] Between 2013 and 2014, Pixar released its first two television specials, Toy Story of Terror![137] and Toy Story That Time Forgot. Monsters at Work, a television series spin-off of Monsters, Inc. produced by Disney Television Animation, premiered in July 2021 on Disney+.[138][139]

On December 10, 2020, it was announced that three series would be released on Disney+. The first is Dug Days (featuring Dug from Up (2009)), which premiered on September 1, 2021.[140] The second is a Cars show, titled Cars on the Road, which follows Mater and Lightning McQueen as they go on a road trip.[140][141] It premiered on Disney+ on September 8, 2022.[142] An original show entitled Win or Lose, which will follow a middle school softball team the week leading up to the big championship game where each episode will be from a different perspective, will premiere on Disney+ on February 19, 2025.[140][143][144]

A TV series based on Inside Out was announced to be in development for Disney+ in June 2023, with Soul co-writer Mike Jones hired as developer.[145] The series, titled Dream Productions, will premiere on Disney+ on December 11, 2024.[144]

### 2D animation and live-action

[edit]

The Pixar filmography to date has been computer-animated features. So far, WALL-E (2008) has been the only Pixar film not to be completely animated as it features a small amount of live-action, including footage from the 1969 film Hello, Dolly! while the short films Your Friend the Rat (2007), Day & Night (2010), Kitbull (2019), Burrow (2020), and Twenty Something (2021) feature 2D animation. 1906, the live-action film by Brad Bird based on a screenplay and novel by James Dalessandro about the 1906 earthquake, was in development but has since been abandoned by Bird and Pixar. Bird has stated that he was "interested in moving into the live-action realm with some projects" while "staying at Pixar [because] it's a very comfortable environment for me to work in". In June 2018, Bird mentioned the possibility of adapting the novel as a TV series, and the earthquake sequence as a live-action feature film.[146]

The Toy Story Toons short Hawaiian Vacation (2011) also includes the fish and shark as live-action.

Jim Morris, president of Pixar, produced Disney's John Carter (2012) which Andrew Stanton co-wrote and directed.[147]

Pixar's creative heads were consulted to fine tune the script for the 2011 live-action film The Muppets.[148] Similarly, Pixar assisted in the story development of Disney's The Jungle Book (2016) as well as providing suggestions for the film's end credits sequence.[149] Both Pixar and Mark Andrews were given a "Special Thanks" credit in the film's credits.[150] Additionally, many Pixar animators, both former and current, were recruited for a traditional hand-drawn animated sequence for the 2018 film Mary Poppins Returns.[151]

Pixar representatives have also assisted in the English localization of several Studio Ghibli films, mainly those from Hayao Miyazaki.[152]

In 2019, Pixar developed a live-action hidden camera reality show, titled Pixar in Real Life, for Disney+.[153]

### Upcoming films

[edit]

Four upcoming films have been announced: original film Elio, directed by Domee Shi and Madeline Sharafian with additional direction by Adrian Molina and to be released on June 13, 2025,[154][155] original film Hoppers, directed by Daniel Chong and to be released on March 6, 2026,[156][157][158][159] sequel Toy Story 5, directed by Andrew Stanton and to be released on June 19, 2026,[133][160][161] and sequel Incredibles 3, currently without a release date.[134] Additionally, a release date of June 18, 2027 has been reserved for another Pixar film.[162]

### Franchises

[edit]

This does not include the Cars spinoffs produced by Disneytoon Studios.

Titles  | Films  | Short films  | TV seasons  | Release Date

|
|
|
|

Toy Story | 7  | 7  | 4  | 1995–present
Monsters, Inc. | 2  | 2  | 2  | 2001–present
Finding Nemo | 2  | 4  | 0  | 2003–present
The Incredibles | 3  | 5  | 0  | 2004–present
Cars | 3  | 4  | 2  | 2006–present
Inside Out | 2  | 1  | 1  | 2015–present

### Highest-grossing films

[edit]

† Indicates films playing in theatres in the week commencing 29 November 2024.

Highest-grossing films in North America  Rank  | Title  | Year  | Box office gross

|
|
|

1  | Inside Out 2 †  | 2024  | $652,597,245
2  | Incredibles 2 | 2018  | $608,581,744
3  | Finding Dory | 2016  | $486,295,561
4  | Toy Story 4 | 2019  | $434,038,008
5  | Toy Story 3 | 2010  | $415,004,880
6  | Finding Nemo‡ | 2003  | $380,843,261
7  | Inside Out | 2015  | $356,921,711
8  | Up | 2009  | $293,004,164
9  | Monsters University | 2013  | $268,492,764
10  | The Incredibles | 2004  | $261,441,092
11  | Monsters, Inc.‡ | 2001  | $255,873,250
12  | Toy Story 2‡ | 1999  | $245,852,179
13  | Cars | 2006  | $244,082,982
14  | Brave | 2012  | $237,283,207
15  | WALL-E | 2008  | $223,808,164
16  | Coco | 2017  | $210,460,015
17  | Ratatouille | 2007  | $206,445,654
18  | Toy Story‡ | 1995  | $191,796,233
19  | Cars 2 | 2011  | $191,452,396
20  | A Bug's Life | 1998  | $162,798,565
21  | Elemental | 2023  | $154,426,697
22  | Cars 3 | 2017  | $152,901,115
23  | The Good Dinosaur | 2015  | $123,087,120
24  | Lightyear | 2022  | $118,307,188
25  | Onward | 2020  | $61,555,145

Highest-grossing films worldwide  Rank  | Title  | Year  | Box office gross

|
|
|

1  | Inside Out 2 †  | 2024  | $1,693,216,995
2  | Incredibles 2 | 2018  | $1,243,225,667
3  | Toy Story 4 | 2019  | $1,073,394,593
4  | Toy Story 3 | 2010  | $1,066,969,703
5  | Finding Dory | 2016  | $1,028,570,889
6  | Finding Nemo‡ | 2003  | $941,637,960
7  | Inside Out | 2015  | $857,611,174
8  | Coco | 2017  | $807,816,196
9  | Monsters University | 2013  | $743,559,607
10  | Up | 2009  | $735,099,082
11  | The Incredibles | 2004  | $631,688,498
12  | Ratatouille | 2007  | $623,726,085
13  | Cars 2 | 2011  | $559,852,396
14  | Brave | 2012  | $538,983,207
15  | Monsters, Inc.‡ | 2001  | $528,773,250
16  | WALL-E | 2008  | $521,311,860
17  | Toy Story 2‡ | 1999  | $511,358,276
18  | Elemental | 2023  | $496,444,308
19  | Cars | 2006  | $461,983,149
20  | Toy Story‡ | 1995  | $394,436,586
21  | Cars 3 | 2017  | $383,930,656
22  | A Bug's Life | 1998  | $363,258,859
23  | The Good Dinosaur | 2015  | $332,207,671
24  | Lightyear | 2022  | $226,425,420
25  | Onward | 2020  | $141,940,042

‡—Includes theatrical reissue(s).

## Co-op Program

[edit]

The Pixar Co-op Program, a part of the Pixar University professional development program, allows their animators to use Pixar resources to produce independent films.[163][164] The first 3D project accepted to the program was Borrowed Time (2016); all previously accepted films were live-action.[165]

## See also

[edit]

* Disney portal
* Film portal
* Animation portal
* United States portal

* The Walt Disney Company
* Disney's Nine Old Men
* 12 basic principles of animation
* Disney Animation: The Illusion of Life
* Modern animation in the United States: Disney
* Animation studios owned by The Walt Disney Company
* Walt Disney Animation Studios
* Disneytoon Studios
* Circle Seven Animation
* Blue Sky Studios
* 20th Century Animation
* List of animation studios
* List of Disney theatrical animated feature films

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## External links

[edit]

Pixar at Wikipedia's sister projects

* Media from Commons
* News from Wikinews
* Quotations from Wikiquote
* Data from Wikidata

* Official website
* Pixar's channel on YouTube
* Pixar Animation Studios at The Big Cartoon DataBase
* List of the 40 founding employees of Pixar

* v
* t
* e

Pixar Animation Studios

A subsidiary of Walt Disney Studios, a division of The Walt Disney Company.

Feature films|

* Toy Story (1995)
* A Bug's Life (1998)
* Toy Story 2 (1999)
* Monsters, Inc. (2001)
* Finding Nemo (2003)
* The Incredibles (2004)
* Cars (2006)
* Ratatouille (2007)
* WALL-E (2008)
* Up (2009)
* Toy Story 3 (2010)
* Cars 2 (2011)
* Brave (2012)
* Monsters University (2013)
* Inside Out (2015)
* The Good Dinosaur (2015)
* Finding Dory (2016)
* Cars 3 (2017)
* Coco (2017)
* Incredibles 2 (2018)
* Toy Story 4 (2019)
* Onward (2020)
* Soul (2020)
* Luca (2021)
* Turning Red (2022)
* Lightyear (2022)
* Elemental (2023)
* Inside Out 2 (2024)

| Upcoming|

* Elio (2025)
* Hoppers (2026)

|

Short films|

| Original|

* The Adventures of André & Wally B. (1984)
* Luxo Jr. (1986)
* Red's Dream (1987)
* Tin Toy (1988)
* Knick Knack (1989)
* Geri's Game (1997)
* For the Birds (2000)
* Boundin' (2003)
* One Man Band (2005)
* Lifted (2006)
* Presto (2008)
* Partly Cloudy (2009)
* Day & Night (2010)
* La Luna (2011)
* The Blue Umbrella (2013)
* Lava (2014)
* Sanjay's Super Team (2015)
* Piper (2016)
* Lou (2017)
* Bao (2018)

|

SparkShorts|

* Purl (2019)
* Smash and Grab (2019)
* Kitbull (2019)
* Float (2019)
* Wind (2019)
* Loop (2020)
* Out (2020)
* Burrow (2020)
* Twenty Something (2021)
* Nona (2021)
* Self (2024)

Feature-related|

* Mike's New Car (2002)
* Jack-Jack Attack (2005)
* Mr. Incredible and Pals (2005)
* Mater and the Ghostlight (2006)
* Your Friend the Rat (2007)
* BURN-E (2008)
* Dug's Special Mission (2009)
* George and A.J. (2009)
* The Legend of Mor'du (2012)
* Party Central (2013)
* Riley's First Date? (2015)
* 22 vs. Earth (2021)
* Ciao Alberto (2021)

Series|

* Cars Toons (2008–14)
* Toy Story Toons (2011–12)
* Forky Asks a Question (2019–20)
* Dug Days (2021–23)
* Carl's Date
* Cars on the Road (2022)

Compilations|

* Tiny Toy Stories (1996)
* Pixar Short Films Collection, Volume 1 (2007)
* Pixar Short Films Collection, Volume 2 (2012)
* Pixar Short Films Collection, Volume 3 (2018)

Other works|

* Beach Chair (1986)
* Flags and Waves (1986)

Television series|

| Upcoming|

* Dream Productions (2024)
* Win or Lose (2025)

|

Television specials|

* Toy Story of Terror! (2013)
* Toy Story That Time Forgot (2014)

Franchises|

* Toy Story
* Monsters, Inc.
* Finding Nemo
* The Incredibles
* Cars
* Inside Out

Associated
productions

* Buzz Lightyear of Star Command: The Adventure Begins (2000; direct-to-video film)
* Buzz Lightyear of Star Command (2000–01; television series)
* Exploring the Reef (2003; short film)
* Planes (2013)
* The Dam Keeper (2014; short film)
* Planes: Fire & Rescue (2014)
* Borrowed Time (2016; short film)
* Weekends (2017; short film)
* Monsters at Work (2021–present; television series)
* Starling (2023; short film)

Characters|

* Luxo Jr.
* Toy Story
* Woody
* Buzz Lightyear
* Jessie
* Bo Peep
* Monsters, Inc.
* Mike Wazowski
* Dory
* The Incredibles
* Bob Parr
* Helen Parr
* Dash Parr
* Violet Parr
* Edna Mode
* Cars
* Lightning McQueen
* Tow Mater
* Sally Carrera
* WALL·E
* Merida
* Joy
* Anxiety

Documentaries|

* The Pixar Story (2007)
* A Spark Story (2021)

Disney attractions
and experiences|

* It's Tough to Be a Bug! (1998)
* Buzz Lightyear's Space Ranger Spin (1998)
* A Bug's Land (2002)
* Turtle Talk with Crush (2004)
* The Seas with Nemo & Friends (2007)
* Cars Quatre Roues Rallye (2007)
* Crush's Coaster (2007)
* Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage (2007)
* Toy Story Mania! (2008)
* Monsters, Inc. Ride & Go Seek (2009)
* Toy Story Land (2010)
* RC Racer (2010)
* Slinky Dog Zigzag Spin (2010)
* Toy Soldiers Parachute Drop (2010)
* Alien Swirling Saucers (2018)
* Slinky Dog Dash (2018)
* Cars Land (2012)
* Luigi's Flying Tires (2012)
* Radiator Springs Racers (2012)
* Luigi's Rollickin' Roadsters (2016)
* Remy's Ratatouille Adventure (2014)
* Nemo & Friends SeaRider (2017)
* Pixar Pier (2018)
* Games of Pixar Pier (2018)
* Incredicoaster (2018)
* Pixar Pal-A-Round (2018)
* Jessie's Critter Carousel (2019)
* Lightning McQueen's Racing Academy (2019)

Products|

* Pixar Image Computer

Software|

* RenderMan
* Presto Animation System

People|

* John Lasseter
* Edwin Catmull
* Steve Jobs
* Alvy Ray Smith
* Jim Morris
* Pete Docter

See also|

* Awards and nominations
* feature films
* short films
* Film references
* Computer Graphics Lab
* Industrial Light & Magic
* Lucasfilm Animation
* Circle Seven Animation
* Pixar Canada
* Pixar Photoscience Team
* Computer Animation Production System
* A Computer Animated Hand
* The Works
* The Shadow King
* Rush: A Disney–Pixar Adventure
* Disney Infinity
* Kingdom Hearts III
* Walt Disney Animation Studios
* Disneytoon Studios
* 20th Century Animation

* Category
* Work group

Articles related to Pixar

* v
* t
* e

The Walt Disney Company

* Timeline
* Assets
* Acquisitions
* Criticism
* Logo
* Headquarters

Company
officials|

| Key|

* Founders
* Walt Disney
* Roy O. Disney
* CEO
* Bob Iger

|

Board of
directors|

* Mark Parker (chair)
* Mary Barra
* Safra Catz
* Francis deSouza
* Michael Froman
* Bob Iger
* Maria Elena Lagomasino

Entertainment|

| Studios|

* Walt Disney Pictures
* Disneynature
* Walt Disney Animation Studios
* Pixar
* Marvel Studios
* Lucasfilm
* 20th Century Studios
* 20th Century Animation
* 20th Century Family
* Searchlight Pictures
* Searchlight Television
* Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures
* Buena Vista International
* Star Distribution
* Disney Music Group
* Walt Disney Records
* Hollywood Records
* S-Curve Records
* Disney Theatrical Group
* Disney Theatrical Productions

|

General
Entertainment|

| Disney Branded
Television|

* Disney Channel
* Disney Jr.
* Disney XD

|

ABC Entertainment
Group|

* ABC
* ABC Daytime
* ABC News
* ABC Audio
* ABC News Radio
* Lincoln Square Productions
* ABC News Live
* ABC Family Worldwide
* Freeform

FX Networks|

* FX
* FXX
* FXM
* FXP
* Onyx Collective

National Geographic
Global Networks|

* National Geographic
* National Geographic Wild
* Nat Geo Mundo

Production studios|

* Disney Branded Television
* Disney Television Animation
* It's a Laugh Productions
* Disney Television Studios
* 20th Television
* 20th Television Animation
* ABC Family Worldwide
* BVS Entertainment

Other units|

* BabyTV (US distribution)
* A&E Networks (50%)

Streaming|

* Disney+
* Star
* Hulu

Distribution|

* Disney–ABC Domestic Television
* Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment

International|

* EMEA
* France
* Italy
* CIS
* Portugal
* India
* Disney Star
* Disney+ Hotstar
* Star Studios
* Latin America
* Argentina
* Patagonik Film Group (33.3%)
* Brazil
* Rede Telecine (12.5%)

ABC TV Stations|

* KABC-TV
* KFSN-TV
* KGO-TV
* KTRK-TV
* WABC-TV
* WLS-TV
* WPVI-TV
* WTVD
* Localish

Other assets|

* Movies Anywhere

Experiences|

| Parks and
resorts|

* Disneyland Resort
* Disneyland Paris
* Hong Kong Disneyland Resort (43%)
* Shanghai Disney Resort (43%)
* Walt Disney Attractions Japan
* Walt Disney World
* Imagineering (The Muppets Studio)

|

Experiences|

* Adventures by Disney
* National Geographic Expeditions
* Disney Cruise Line
* Disney Vacation Club

Consumer
Products|

* Disney Store (Outside US & Canada)
* Disney Publishing Worldwide
* Disney English
* NG Media
* Marvel Comics
* Disney Online
* Games & Interactive Experiences

ESPN Inc. (80%)|

* ESPN
* ESPN2
* ESPN on ABC
* ESPN Deportes
* ESPNews
* ESPNU
* ESPN+
* ESPN PPV
* ESPN Classic
* ESPN Events
* ESPN Films
* ESPN International
* ACC Network
* Longhorn Network
* SEC Network

Other assets|

* Buena Vista
* D23
* Disney Institute
* Walt Disney Archives
* Disney Programs
* Disney College Program
* Disney International Programs
* Disney University
* Reedy Creek Energy Services

Former/defunct
units and
predecessors|

* ABC Kids
* ABC Signature
* Baby Einstein
* Blue Network
* Blue Sky Studios
* American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres
* Caravan Pictures
* Capital Cities/ABC
* CBS/Fox Video
* Cinergi Pictures
* Circle 7 Animation
* Disney Interactive Studios
* DIC Entertainment
* Disney Digital Network
* Disney Store (US & Canada)
* Disney's One Too
* Endemol Shine Group
* Fox 2000 Pictures
* Fox Animation Studios
* Fox Networks Group
* Fox Sports Networks
* FoxNext
* GMTV
* Hollywood Pictures
* Jetix
* Jetix Animation Concepts
* Marvel Entertainment
* New World Pictures
* Four Star Television
* Metromedia
* Miramax
* Books
* Dimension Films
* Talk
* MTM Enterprises
* Playhouse Disney
* Radio Disney
* Saban Entertainment
* SIP Animation
* Créativité et Développement
* Fox Children's Productions
* Marvel Productions
* DePatie–Freleng Enterprises
* Star+
* Toon Disney
* Touchstone Pictures
* Touchstone Television
* TeleColombia
* Tata Play
* Walt Disney Television

Related|

* Acquisition of 21st Century Fox
* Florida's Parental Rights in Education Act
* Reedy Creek Improvement Act
* Disney v. DeSantis
* Disney Lorcana
* Grand Central Creative Campus
* Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
* Disney–Charter dispute
* Potential acquisition by Apple
* Retlaw Enterprises
* Snow White Cafe
* Walt Disney Productions v. Air Pirates
* Walt Disney: The Triumph of the American Imagination

* Category

* v
* t
* e

The Walt Disney Studios

Film
production|

| Live-action|

* Walt Disney Pictures
* Disneynature
* Marvel Studios
* Lucasfilm
* 20th Century Studios
* 20th Century Family
* Searchlight Pictures

|

Animation|

* Walt Disney Animation Studios
* Pixar
* Marvel Studios Animation
* Lucasfilm Animation
* 20th Century Animation

VFX/SFX|

* Industrial Light & Magic
* Skywalker Sound

Distribution|

* Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures
* Buena Vista International
* Star Distribution
* El Capitan Theatre
* Hollywood Masonic Temple

Disney Music Group|

* Walt Disney Records
* Hollywood Records
* Disney Music Publishing

Disney Theatrical Group|

* Disney on Ice
* Disney Theatrical Productions
* Buena Vista Theatrical
* New Amsterdam Theatre

Studio Production Services|

* Golden Oak Ranch
* The Prospect Studios
* Walt Disney Studios (Burbank)
* Disney Studios Australia

Former/defunct units|

* 20th Digital Studio
* Blue Sky Studios
* Caravan Pictures
* Circle Seven Animation
* DIC Entertainment
* Les Studios Tex
* Disneytoon Studios
* Fox 2000 Pictures
* Fox International Productions
* Hollywood Pictures
* ImageMovers Digital
* Marvel Animation
* Miramax
* Dimension Films
* Miramax Family
* Pixar Canada
* Secret Lab
* Skellington Productions
* Touchstone Pictures

Key people|

* Kevin Feige
* Kathleen Kennedy
* Jim Morris
* Thomas Schumacher
* Clark Spencer

Related|

* A&E Films (50%)
* Disney+
* ESPN Films (80%)
* Feld Entertainment
* Ice Follies And Holiday on Ice
* Hulu
* The Muppets Studio
* Hyperion Pictures
* National Geographic Partners (73%)
* New Regency Productions (20%)
* Patagonik Film Group
* Star Studios
* VICE Films (16%)
* Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment

* Parent: The Walt Disney Company

* v
* t
* e

Disney theatrical animated features

Walt Disney
Animation Studios|

* Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937)
* Pinocchio (1940)
* Fantasia (1940)
* Dumbo (1941)
* Bambi (1942)
* Saludos Amigos (1942)
* The Three Caballeros (1944)
* Make Mine Music (1946)
* Fun and Fancy Free (1947)
* Melody Time (1948)
* The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949)
* Cinderella (1950)
* Alice in Wonderland (1951)
* Peter Pan (1953)
* Lady and the Tramp (1955)
* Sleeping Beauty (1959)
* One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961)
* The Sword in the Stone (1963)
* The Jungle Book (1967)
* The Aristocats (1970)
* Robin Hood (1973)
* The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh (1977)
* The Rescuers (1977)
* The Fox and the Hound (1981)
* The Black Cauldron (1985)
* The Great Mouse Detective (1986)
* Oliver & Company (1988)
* The Little Mermaid (1989)
* The Rescuers Down Under (1990)
* Beauty and the Beast (1991)
* Aladdin (1992)
* The Lion King (1994)
* Pocahontas (1995)
* The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996)
* Hercules (1997)
* Mulan (1998)
* Tarzan (1999)
* Fantasia 2000 (1999)
* Dinosaur (2000)
* The Emperor's New Groove (2000)
* Atlantis: The Lost Empire (2001)
* Lilo & Stitch (2002)
* Treasure Planet (2002)
* Brother Bear (2003)
* Home on the Range (2004)
* Chicken Little (2005)
* Meet the Robinsons (2007)
* Bolt (2008)
* The Princess and the Frog (2009)
* Tangled (2010)
* Winnie the Pooh (2011)
* Wreck-It Ralph (2012)
* Frozen (2013)
* Big Hero 6 (2014)
* Zootopia (2016)
* Moana (2016)
* Ralph Breaks the Internet (2018)
* Frozen 2 (2019)
* Raya and the Last Dragon (2021)
* Encanto (2021)
* Strange World (2022)
* Wish (2023)
* Moana 2 (2024)

| Upcoming|

* Zootopia 2 (2025)

|

Pixar Animation Studios|

* Toy Story (1995)
* A Bug's Life (1998)
* Toy Story 2 (1999)
* Monsters, Inc. (2001)
* Finding Nemo (2003)
* The Incredibles (2004)
* Cars (2006)
* Ratatouille (2007)
* WALL-E (2008)
* Up (2009)
* Toy Story 3 (2010)
* Cars 2 (2011)
* Brave (2012)
* Monsters University (2013)
* Inside Out (2015)
* The Good Dinosaur (2015)
* Finding Dory (2016)
* Cars 3 (2017)
* Coco (2017)
* Incredibles 2 (2018)
* Toy Story 4 (2019)
* Onward (2020)
* Soul (2020) IR
* Luca (2021) IR
* Turning Red (2022) IR
* Lightyear (2022)
* Elemental (2023)
* Inside Out 2 (2024)

| Upcoming|

* Elio (2025)
* Hoppers (2026)

|

Disneytoon Studios|

* DuckTales the Movie: Treasure of the Lost Lamp (1990)
* A Goofy Movie (1995)
* Return to Never Land (2002)
* The Jungle Book 2 (2003)
* Piglet's Big Movie (2003)
* Pooh's Heffalump Movie (2005)
* Bambi II (2006) IR
* Tinker Bell and the Great Fairy Rescue (2010) IR
* Secret of the Wings (2012) LR
* Planes (2013)
* The Pirate Fairy (2014) LR
* Planes: Fire & Rescue (2014)
* Tinker Bell and the Legend of the NeverBeast (2015) LR

Disney Television Animation|

* Doug's 1st Movie (1999)
* The Tigger Movie (2000)
* Recess: School's Out (2001)
* Teacher's Pet (2004)
* Phineas and Ferb the Movie: Across the 2nd Dimension (2011) IR

20th Century Animation|

* Spies in Disguise (2019)
* Ron's Gone Wrong (2021)

| Upcoming|

* Ice Age 6 (2026)

|

Other Disney units|

* The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993)
* The Wild (2006)
* A Christmas Carol (2009)
* Gnomeo & Juliet (2011)
* Mars Needs Moms (2011)
* Frankenweenie (2012)
* Strange Magic (2015)
* The Lion King (2019)
* The Bob's Burgers Movie (2022)

| Upcoming|

* Mufasa: The Lion King (2024)

|

Live-action films with
non-CGI animation|

* The Reluctant Dragon (1941)
* Victory Through Air Power (1943)
* Song of the South (1946)
* So Dear to My Heart (1948)
* Mary Poppins (1964)
* Bedknobs and Broomsticks (1971)
* Pete's Dragon (1977)
* Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988)
* James and the Giant Peach (1996)
* The Lizzie McGuire Movie (2003)
* Enchanted (2007)
* Mary Poppins Returns (2018)

Related lists|

* Walt Disney Animation Studios short films
* Academy Award Review
* Pixar short films
* Based on fairy tales
* Unproduced films
* Live-action adaptations and remakes
* Based on Theme Parks

* LR Limited release
* IR International release

* v
* t
* e

George Lucas

* Filmography
* Bibliography
* Awards and nominations

Films directed|

| Feature|

* THX 1138 (1971)
* American Graffiti (1973)
* Star Wars (1977)
* Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace (1999)
* Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones (2002)
* Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith (2005)

|

Short|

* Look at Life (1965)
* Herbie (1966)
* Freiheit (1966)
* 1:42.08 (1966, documentary)
* Anyone Lived in a Pretty How Town (1967)
* The Emperor (1967, documentary)
* Electronic Labyrinth: THX 1138 4EB (1967)
* 6-18-67 (1967, documentary)
* Filmmaker (1968, documentary)

Films written|

* The Empire Strikes Back (1980)
* Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981)
* Return of the Jedi (1983)
* Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984)
* The Ewok Adventure (1984, TV film)
* Ewoks: The Battle for Endor (1985, TV film)
* Captain EO (1986, short attraction)
* Willow (1988)
* Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989)
* Radioland Murders (1994)
* Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008)
* Strange Magic (2015)

TV series created|

* The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles (1992–96 / 1999–2001)
* Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008–14; 2020)
* Star Wars Detours (unaired)

Books written|

* Star Wars: From the Adventures of Luke Skywalker (1976, credit only)
* Shadow Moon (1995)
* Shadow Dawn (1996)
* Shadow Star (2000)

Franchises created|

* Star Wars
* Indiana Jones
* Willow

Related|

* Bald: The Making of THX 1138
* Light & Magic
* American Zoetrope
* Lucasfilm
* ILM
* LucasArts
* Lucasfilm Animation
* Skywalker Sound
* Pixar
* Lucas Museum of Narrative Art
* Skywalker Ranch
* The Star Wars Corporation
* THX
* Edutopia

* v
* t
* e

John Lasseter

Written and directed|

| Feature films|

* Toy Story (1995)
* A Bug's Life (1998)
* Toy Story 2 (1999)
* Cars (2006)
* Cars 2 (2011)

|

Short films|

* Luxo Jr. (1986)
* Red's Dream (1987)
* Tin Toy (1988)
* Knick Knack (1989)
* Mater and the Ghostlight (2006)
* Cars Toons (2008)

Written only|

* Toy Story 3 (2010)
* Small Fry (2011, short)
* Partysaurus Rex (2012, short)
* Planes (2013)
* The Pirate Fairy (2014)
* Toy Story 4 (2019)

Produced only|

* The Adventures of André & Wally B. (1984)
* Luck (2022)
* Spellbound (2024)

Franchises created|

* Toy Story (1995–present)
* Cars (2006–present)

Related|

* Lasseter Family Winery
* Walt Disney Animation Studios
* Pixar Animation Studios
* Disneytoon Studios
* Skydance Animation

* v
* t
* e

Steve Jobs

Career|

* Timeline
* Apple Computer
* history
* Macintosh
* NeXT
* Pixar
* Return to Apple
* "Thoughts on Flash"

Legacy|

* Depictions
* Honors and public recognition

Books about|

* The Little Kingdom (1984)
* The Second Coming of Steve Jobs (2000)
* iCon (2005)
* Steve Jobs (2011)
* The Bite in the Apple (2013)
* Becoming Steve Jobs (2015)
* Designed by Apple in California (2016)
* Small Fry (2018)
* Make Something Wonderful (2023)

Films about|

* Triumph of the Nerds (1996)
* Pirates of Silicon Valley (1999)
* Steve Jobs: The Lost Interview (2012)
* ISteve (2013)
* Jobs (2013)
* Steve Jobs (2015)
* Steve Jobs: The Man in the Machine (2015)

Family|

* Laurene Powell Jobs (wife)
* Mona Simpson (sister)
* Chrisann Brennan (mother of his first child)
* Lisa Brennan-Jobs (daughter)
* Eve Jobs (daughter)
* Reed Jobs (son)

Related|

* Stevenote
* Reality distortion field
* Jackling House
* The (R)evolution of Steve Jobs
* Seva Foundation
* The Son of a Migrant from Syria (2015 mural)
* Venus yacht
* 1984 commercial
* Think different
* Steve Wozniak

* v
* t
* e

Lucasfilm

A subsidiary of Walt Disney Studios, a division of The Walt Disney Company.

Productions|

| Films|

* American Graffiti (1973)
* Star Wars (1977)
* More American Graffiti (1979)
* The Empire Strikes Back (1980)
* Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981)
* Return of the Jedi (1983)
* Twice Upon a Time (1983)
* Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984)
* Latino (1985)
* Mishima: A Life in Four Chapters (1985)
* Labyrinth (1986)
* Howard the Duck (1986)
* Tucker: The Man and His Dream (1988)
* Willow (1988)
* The Land Before Time (1988)
* Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989)
* Radioland Murders (1994)
* Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace (1999)
* Episode II – Attack of the Clones (2002)
* Episode III – Revenge of the Sith (2005)
* Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008)
* Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008)
* Red Tails (2012)
* Strange Magic (2015)
* Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2015)
* Rogue One: A Star Wars Story (2016)
* Star Wars: The Last Jedi (2017)
* Solo: A Star Wars Story (2018)
* Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker (2019)
* Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny (2023)
* The Mandalorian & Grogu (2026)

| Unproduced|

* Star Wars: Duel of the Fates

|

TV series|

* Star Wars: Droids (1985–86)
* Ewoks (1985–86)
* Maniac Mansion (1990–93)
* The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles (1992–96)
* Star Wars: Clone Wars (2003–05)
* The Clone Wars (2008–20)
* Rebels (2014–18)
* Lego Star Wars: The Freemaker Adventures (2016–17)
* Star Wars Forces of Destiny (2017–18)
* Resistance (2018–20)
* The Mandalorian (2019–present)
* Visions (2021–present)
* The Book of Boba Fett (2021–22)
* Star Wars: The Bad Batch (2021–2024)
* Obi-Wan Kenobi (2022)
* Light & Magic (2022)
* Andor (2022–present)
* Star Wars: Tales (2022–present)
* Willow (2022–23)
* Star Wars: Young Jedi Adventures (2023–present)
* Ahsoka (2023–present)
* The Acolyte (2024)
* Skeleton Crew (2024)

| Unaired|

* Star Wars Detours

|

TV films|

* Caravan of Courage: An Ewok Adventure (1984)
* Ewoks: The Battle for Endor (1985)

Theme park
films|

* Captain EO (1986)
* Star Tours (1987)
* ExtraTERRORestrial Alien Encounter (1995)
* Star Tours – The Adventures Continue (2011)

Franchises|

* Star Wars
* Indiana Jones
* Willow
* American Graffiti

Related
productions|

* THX 1138 (1971)

Divisions|

* Industrial Light & Magic
* Skywalker Sound
* Lucasfilm Animation
* Lucasfilm Games

| Former divisions|

* The Droid Works
* EditDroid
* SoundDroid
* Kerner Optical
* Pixar
* THX

|

People|

* George Lucas (Founder)
* Kathleen Kennedy (President)
* Howard Roffman (EVP, Franchise Management)

Other|

* StageCraft
* The Seventh Tower (2000−01)

* v
* t
* e

Film studios in the United States and Canada

Majors|

| Universal Studios|

* Universal Pictures
* Focus Features
* Carnival Films
* Working Title Films
* United International Pictures (50%)

|

Paramount Pictures|

* Paramount Players
* Republic Pictures
* Miramax (49%)
* Awesomeness Films
* BET Films
* MTV Entertainment Studios
* Nickelodeon Movies
* United International Pictures (50%)
* Viacom18 Studios (13.01%)

|

Walt Disney Studios|

* Walt Disney Pictures
* 20th Century Studios
* 20th Century Family
* Marvel Studios
* Lucasfilm
* Star Studios
* Regency Enterprises (20%)
* Searchlight Pictures
* Disneynature
* ESPN Films (80%)
* National Geographic Partners (73%)
* A&E Networks (50%)
* Vice Media (16%)
* Hulu

|

Warner Bros.|

* Warner Bros. Pictures
* New Line Cinema
* Cartoon Network
* Castle Rock Entertainment
* CNN Films
* DC Studios
* Discovery Channel
* Flagship Entertainment Group (49%)
* HBO Films
* Spyglass Media Group (minority)
* TruTV
* Williams Street

|

Sony Pictures|

* Columbia Pictures
* TriStar Pictures
* Sony Pictures Releasing
* 3000 Pictures
* PlayStation Productions
* Screen Gems
* Sony Pictures Classics
* TriStar Productions
* Worldwide Acquisitions
* Affirm Films
* Crunchyroll
* Destination Films
* Stage 6 Films
* Ghost Corps
* Sony Pictures Kids Zone
* Left Bank Pictures
* Silvergate Media

|

Mini-majors|

| Lionsgate Studios|

* Lionsgate Films
* Lionsgate Premiere
* Summit Entertainment
* Lionsgate Canada
* eOne Films
* Roadside Attractions (43%)
* Pantelion Films (50%)
* Good Universe
* 3 Arts Entertainment (majority)
* Spyglass Media Group (18.9%)

|

Amazon MGM Studios|

* Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
* United Artists
* Orion Pictures
* Orion Classics
* American International Pictures
* Lightworkers Media

|

A24|

* A24 Films
* 2AM (backing)

|

STX Entertainment|

* STX Films

|

Horizontal
production/
distribution
companies|

* Apple Studios
* Condé Nast Entertainment
* Dark Horse Entertainment
* Hasbro Entertainment
* Mattel Films
* Netflix
* Random House Studio
* Roku
* Scholastic Corporation
* Square Enix
* Ubisoft Film & Television

Slate
partners|

* AGC Studios
* Atlas Entertainment
* Black Bear Pictures
* Black Label Media
* Black List
* Bron
* Mad Solar
* Escape Artists
* Endeavor
* FilmNation Entertainment
* Gotham Group
* Grosvenor Park
* H Collective
* ICM Partners
* Ingenious Media
* LAMF
* Lantern Entertainment
* Legendary Pictures
* MRC
* New Republic Pictures
* PalmStar Media
* Prospect Park
* Skydance Media
* TSG Entertainment
* Village Roadshow Pictures
* Voltage Pictures

Production/
distribution
companies|

* 2929 Entertainment
* Magnolia Pictures
* Truly Indie
* Allied Artists Film Group
* American Zoetrope
* Angel Studios
* Annapurna Pictures
* Anonymous Content
* The Asylum
* Arc Entertainment
* Artemis Rising Foundation
* BayView Entertainment
* Beacon Pictures
* Berlanti Productions
* Bleecker Street
* Blue Fox Entertainment
* Blumhouse Productions
* Bold Films
* Brainstorm Media
* Briarcliff Entertainment
* Brillstein Entertainment
* Broadway Video
* Brookstreet Pictures
* Chicken & Egg Pictures
* Cinelou Films
* CineTel Films
* Darius Films
* Dolphin Entertainment
* Drafthouse Films
* Decal
* Elevation Pictures
* Emmett/Furla Oasis
* Entertainment Studios
* Freestyle Releasing
* Film Arcade
* Fork Films
* FotoKem
* Fox Entertainment
* MarVista Entertainment
* Giant Pictures
* Gunpowder & Sky
* IFC Films
* Indican Pictures
* Impact Partners
* Jim Henson Company
* Lakeshore Entertainment
* LD Entertainment
* levelFILM
* Likely Story
* Louverture Films
* Mandalay Pictures
* Mandeville Films
* Maximum Effort
* Millennium Media
* Morgan Creek Entertainment
* Motion Picture Corporation of America
* Myriad Pictures
* Neon
* Open Road Films
* Oscilloscope
* Picturehouse
* Quiver Distribution
* RadicalMedia
* Relativity Media
* Rogue Pictures
* Revolution Studios
* RKO Pictures
* Saban Films
* Samuel Goldwyn Films
* Screen Media
* Sidney Kimmel Entertainment
* Silver Pictures
* Dark Castle Entertainment
* Shout! Studios
* Solstice Studios
* Strand Releasing
* Sycamore Pictures
* TLA Releasing
* Topic Studios
* Utopia
* Vertical
* Virgin Produced
* Walden Media
* Wolfe Video
* WWE Studios
* XTR
* XYZ Films
* 21 Laps Entertainment
* 40 Acres and a Mule Filmworks
* 87North
* 1492 Pictures
* A Very Good Production
* Abso Lutely
* After Dark Films
* AGBO
* Alcon Entertainment
* Apatow
* Appian Way
* Atomic Monster
* Bad Hat Harry Productions
* Bad Robot
* Bazelevs Company
* Bedford Falls Productions
* Big Beach
* Blinding Edge Pictures
* Brandywine
* Brownstone
* Bubble Factory
* Centropolis
* Cha Cha Cha Films
* Chernin Entertainment
* Cheyenne Enterprises
* Color Force
* Cross Creek Pictures
* Crystal Sky Pictures
* Cube Vision
* Darko Entertainment
* Davis Entertainment
* Di Bonaventura Pictures
* District
* Donners' Company
* Double R Productions
* Echo Films
* Electric
* Evolution Entertainment
* Twisted Pictures
* Excellent Cadaver
* Flower Films
* Freckle Films
* Fruit Tree
* Fuzzy Door
* Gary Sanchez
* Gloria Sanchez
* Genre Films
* Ghost House Pictures
* GK Films
* Gracie Films
* Happy Madison
* Haxan Films
* Hello Sunshine
* Hoorae Media
* Icon
* Identity Films
* ImageMovers
* Imagine
* Jax Media
* Indian Paintbrush
* Infinitum Nihil
* Intrepid Pictures
* Jerry Bruckheimer Films
* Judgemental Films
* KatzSmith
* Kennedy/Marshall Company
* Ketchup Entertainment
* Killer Films
* Kingdom Story Company
* Lightstorm Entertainment
* LuckyChap Entertainment
* Malpaso
* Marv
* Monkeypaw
* Montecito Picture Company
* Mr. Mudd
* Music Box
* Mutant Enemy
* MWM
* Nine Stories
* One Race Films
* Original Film
* Our Stories Films
* Outerbanks Entertainment
* Overbrook Entertainment
* Paper Kite
* Parkwood Entertainment
* Phoenix Pictures
* Picture Company
* Plan B Entertainment
* Platinum Dunes
* Playtone
* Point Grey Pictures
* Protozoa Pictures
* Red Hour Films
* Rideback
* Roth/Kirschenbaum Films
* Scott Free
* Seven Bucks
* Shangri-La Entertainment
* Shondaland
* Smokehouse Pictures
* Stone Quarry
* Studio 8
* Story Syndicate
* Sunday Night
* Syncopy Inc.
* Tango Entertainment
* Team Downey
* Temple Hill
* The Hideaway Entertainment
* Thunder Road Films
* Tim Burton
* Tyler Perry Studios
* Valhalla Entertainment
* Vertigo Entertainment
* View Askew
* SModcast Pictures
* Vinyl Films
* WingNut Films
* 30West
* Wonderland Sound and Vision
* Wrekin Hill Entertainment

Defunct/former|

| Disney|

* Caravan Pictures
* Cinergi Pictures
* Fox 2000 Pictures
* Fox Atomic
* Fox Faith
* Fox Film
* Hollywood Pictures
* New World Pictures
* Selznick International Pictures
* Touchstone Pictures
* Twentieth Century Pictures
* UTV Motion Pictures

|

Lionsgate|

* Alliance Atlantis
* Alliance Films
* Anchor Bay Films
* Artisan Entertainment
* Christal Films
* Cineplex Odeon Films
* Mandate Pictures
* Maple Pictures
* Momentum Pictures
* Overture Films
* Phase 4 Films
* Salter Street Films
* Trimark Pictures
* Vestron Pictures

MGM|

* 21st Century Film Corporation
* Atlantic Entertainment Group
* Cannon Films
* Cinecom
* Dimension Pictures (1970s)
* Epic Productions
* Filmways
* G2 Pictures
* Goldwyn Pictures
* Hemdale Film Corporation
* Island Pictures
* Louis B. Mayer Pictures
* Metro Pictures Corporation
* Mirisch Company
* Samuel Goldwyn Company
* Samuel Goldwyn Productions
* Trans World Entertainment
* United Artists Releasing

Universal|

* FilmDistrict
* Good Machine
* Gramercy Pictures
* Independent Moving Pictures
* Interscope Communications
* Propaganda Films
* Savoy Pictures

Paramount|

* CBS Theatrical Films
* Cinema Center Films
* Comedy Central Films
* Commonwealth United Entertainment
* Famous Players Film Company
* Famous Players–Lasky
* Go Fish Pictures
* Liberty Films
* Mascot Pictures
* Paramount Famous Productions
* Paramount Vantage
* Rysher Entertainment
* Sunn Classic Pictures
* United States Pictures

Sony|

* Cohn-Brandt-Cohn (CBC) Film Sales Corporation
* Embassy Pictures
* Empire International Pictures
* First Independent Films
* Triumph Films

Warner Bros.|

* Fine Line Features
* First National Pictures
* Lorimar Film Entertainment
* Monogram Pictures
* National General Pictures
* Nelson Entertainment
* Rooster Teeth
* Seven Arts Productions
* Warner Bros.-Seven Arts
* Warner Independent Pictures

Others|

* Alchemy
* American Film Manufacturing Company
* Art Star Scene Studios
* Astor Pictures
* Aviron Pictures
* Aurora Productions
* Biograph Company
* Bison Film Company
* Bluebird Photoplays
* Boxoffice International Pictures
* Bryanston Pictures
* C2 Pictures
* Calvin Company
* Carolco Pictures
* Castle Hill Productions
* Centaur Film Company
* Champion Film Company
* Christie Film Company
* Cinemation Industries
* Cinerama Releasing Corporation
* Compass International Pictures
* Crown International Pictures
* De Laurentiis Entertainment Group
* DEJ Productions
* Distributors Corporation of America
* Eaco Films
* Eagle-Lion Films
* Edison Studios
* Educational Pictures
* Essanay Studios
* Dramatic Feature Films
* Fireworks Entertainment
* First Look Studios
* Franchise Pictures
* Geffen Film Company
* Global Road Entertainment
* Grand National Pictures
* Hal Roach Studios
* Hasbro
* Allspark
* Jensen Farley Pictures
* Ladd Company
* Largo Entertainment
* Lippert Pictures
* Lubin Manufacturing Company
* Madison 23 Productions
* Manson International
* Newmarket Films
* OddLot Entertainment
* Pacific International Enterprises
* Participant
* PM Entertainment
* Producers Releasing Corporation
* RatPac Entertainment
* Red Granite Pictures
* Regent Releasing
* Schneider's Bakery
* Scotti Bros. Pictures
* Section Eight Productions
* Seed Productions
* Strike Entertainment
* ThinkFilm
* This Is That Productions
* Virtual Studios
* Weinstein Company
* Dimension Films
* Weintraub Entertainment Group

List of American animation studios

* v
* t
* e

Disney Consumer Products

* Disney Store

Disney Publishing Worldwide|

* Disney Comics
* Disney English
* Marvel Comics
* Marvel Press (Marvel joint)
* NG Media (70%)

Games and
interactive experiences|

* DCPI Labs
* Disney Interactive Studios (defunct)
* video games
* Disney Mobile
* Playdom (defunct)
* FoxNext (defunct)

Other|

* D23
* Disney comics
* Disney Tsum Tsum
* Disney Vault
* Marvel Entertainment
* Vinylmation
* Blank: A Vinylmation Love Story

* Disney Experiences
* Disney franchises

* v
* t
* e

Animation industry in the United States

Companies and studios

| Active|

| Majors|

| NBCUniversal|

* DreamWorks Animation
* DreamWorks Animation Television
* DreamWorks Classics
* Big Idea Entertainment
* Harvey Films
* Illumination
* Universal Animation Studios

|

Paramount Global|

* CBS Eye Animation Productions
* Late Night Cartoons
* MTV Animation
* Nickelodeon Animation Studio
* Nickelodeon Digital
* Nickelodeon Movies
* Paramount Animation
* Miramax Animation Studios (49%)

|

Disney Entertainment|

* 20th Century Animation
* 20th Television Animation
* Disney Television Animation
* Lucasfilm Animation
* Industrial Light & Magic
* Marvel Animation
* Marvel Studios Animation
* Pixar Animation Studios
* Walt Disney Animation Studios

|

Warner Bros.|

* Cartoon Network Studios
* Warner Bros. Animation
* Warner Bros. Pictures Animation
* Williams Street

|

Sony Pictures|

* Aniplex of America
* Crunchyroll
* Sony Pictures Animation
* Sony Pictures Imageworks

|

* 41 Entertainment
* Augenblick Studios
* Awesome Inc
* Fox Corporation
* Bento Box Entertainment
* Bandera Entertainment
* Bang Zoom!
* Billionfold Inc.
* Blur Studio
* Cartuna
* CHRLX
* CMCC Cartoons
* DNEG
* Digital Domain
* Film Roman
* Phil Roman Entertainment
* Floyd County Productions
* Fred Wolf Films
* Fuzzy Door Productions
* Hasbro Entertainment
* Jay Ward Productions
* Joe Murray Productions
* Kanbar Animation
* Kartoon Studios
* Wow Unlimited Media
* Bolder Media
* Frederator Studios
* Kinofilm
* Klasky Csupo
* Kurtz & Friends
* Laika, LLC
* Lee Mendelson Films
* Lionsgate
* Lionsgate Canada
* Melendez Films
* Man of Action Entertainment
* Mattel Television
* Media Blasters
* Mexopolis
* Mondo Media
* 6 Point Harness
* Netflix Animation
* Noble
* NYAV Post
* O Entertainment
* Parallax Studio
* Powerhouse Animation Studios
* Psyop
* Reel FX Animation
* Renegade Animation
* Rhythm and Hues Studios
* Rough Draft Studios
* Rovio Animation
* Screen Novelties
* Scholastic
* Weston Woods Studios
* SD Entertainment
* Sentai Filmworks
* ShadowMachine
* Skydance Animation
* Snee-Oosh, Inc.
* SpindleHorse Toons
* Splash Entertainment
* Sprite Animation Studios
* Stretch Films
* Stoopid Buddy Stoodios
* Studiopolis
* Tau Films
* Threshold Entertainment
* Titmouse, Inc.
* The ULULU Company
* Toei Animation Inc.
* United Plankton Pictures
* Vanguard Animation
* Wild Canary Animation
* World Events Productions
* Worker Studio

Former|

* 4Kids Entertainment
* 70/30 Productions
* Adelaide Productions
* Adventure Cartoon Productions
* Allspark
* Amblimation
* Animation Collective
* Animation Lab
* Animation Magic
* Blue Sky Studios
* BVS Entertainment
* Cambria Productions
* Cartoon Pizza
* Chorion
* Circle 7 Animation
* Cookie Jar
* Copernicus Studios
* Crest Animation Productions
* Curious Pictures
* DePatie–Freleng Enterprises
* DIC Entertainment
* Disneytoon Studios
* DNA Productions
* Famous Studios
* Filmation
* Fleischer Studios
* Format Films
* Fox Animation Studios
* Frederator Films
* Golden Films
* Hanna-Barbera
* HIT Entertainment
* Jetlag Productions
* Justin Roiland's Solo Vanity Card Productions!
* Kroyer Films
* Laugh-O-Gram Studio
* Little Airplane Productions
* Marvel Productions
* Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Animation
* MGM Animation/Visual Arts
* MGM Cartoons
* Mirari Films
* MoonScoop
* Omation Animation Studio
* Pacific Data Images
* PorchLight Entertainment
* Prana Studios
* Radical Axis
* Rankin/Bass Animated Entertainment
* Rooster Teeth
* Ruby-Spears
* Screen Gems
* Skellington Productions
* Soup2Nuts
* Spümcø
* Storyboard, Inc./Hubley Studios
* Sullivan Bluth Studios
* Sunbow Entertainment
* Terrytoons
* Total Television
* United Productions of America
* Van Beuren Studios
* Walter Lantz Productions
* Warner Bros. Cartoons
* Wētā FX
* Wildbrain Entertainment
* Will Vinton Studios
* Zodiac Entertainment

Industry associations

* The Animation Guild, IATSE Local 839
* ASIFA-Hollywood

Other topics

| Awards|

* Academy Awards
* Best Animated Feature
* Annie Awards
* Emmy Awards
* Children's and Family
* Primetime
* Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards
* Favorite Cartoon
* Animated Movie
* NAACP Image Awards
* Motion Picture
* Series
* GLAAD Media Awards
* Kids and Family Programming (Animated)
* Writers Guild of America Awards
* Television Animation

|

History|

* Silent era
* Golden age
* World War II
* Television era
* Modern era

Related|

* Animated sitcom
* American comics
* History of American comics
* Tijuana bible
* Humorous Phases of Funny Faces
* Flash animation
* Labor strikes
* Fleischer Studios (1937)
* Disney (1941)
* Multiple studios (1982)

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Emeryville, California

Landmarks|

* Pacific Park Plaza
* Emeryville Crescent State Marine Reserve

Economy|

* Bay Street Emeryville
* Peet's Coffee & Tea
* Pixar
* California State Automobile Association

Transportation|

* Interstate 80
* Interstate 580
* San Pablo Avenue
* AC Transit
* Emeryville Amtrak station

Education|

* Emery USD
* Emery Secondary
* German Int. School of Silicon Valley East Bay Campus (closing in spring 2018)

History|

* Emeryville mudflat sculptures
* Emeryville Shellmound
* Shell Development Emeryville
* Cetus Corporation
* Chiron Corporation

* v
* t
* e

Mattel

Toy brands|

* American Girl
* Bitty Baby
* Girls of Many Lands
* Barbie
* My Scene
* Big Jim
* Blaze
* Chatty Cathy
* Creatable World
* Diva Starz
* Fijit Friends
* Flavas
* Food Fighters
* Furryville
* Hot Wheels
* Liddle Kiddles
* Magic 8 Ball
* Manta Force
* Masters of the Universe
* Princess of Power
* Matchbox
* Max Steel
* Mega
* Mighty Max
* Mindflex
* Monster High
* Ever After High
* Enchantimals
* M.U.S.C.L.E. (outside Japan)
* My Child
* Pixel Chix
* Polly Pocket
* See 'n Say
* Slime
* Street Sharks
* Thingmaker/Creepy Crawlers
* View-Master
* What's Her Face
* Xtractaurs

Games|

| Traditional|

* Apples to Apples
* Balderdash
* Blokus
* Mad Gab
* Othello
* Outburst
* Pictionary
* Phase 10
* Rock 'Em Sock 'Em Robots
* Scrabble (except U.S. and Canada)
* Skip-Bo
* Toss Across
* U.B. Funkeys
* Uno
* Whac-A-Mole

|

Video and
computer|

* Aquarius
* Auto Race
* Children's Discovery System
* HyperScan
* Intellivision
* II
* Intellivoice
* Pixter

Acquired brands|

* Anthony Ant
* Angelina Ballerina
* Barney
* Bob the Builder
* The Enchanted World of Brambly Hedge
* Fireman Sam
* Kipper
* The Magic Key
* Mike the Knight
* Oswald
* Percy the Park Keeper
* Pingu
* Rainbow Magic
* Rubbadubbers
* Sheeep
* Thomas & Friends
* Wishbone

Business units|

| Current|

* Fisher-Price
* Mattel Television Studios
* Mattel Films

|

Former|

* M Network
* Mattel Electronics

Corporate
acquisitions|

* Bluebird
* Fuhu
* Gullane Entertainment
* Lyrick Studios
* HIT Entertainment
* Ideal
* J. W. Spear & Sons
* Mega Brands
* Tyco Toys
* Mebetoys
* Radica Games

| Bought and sold|

* Circus World
* Feld Entertainment
* Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus
* Ice Follies And Holiday on Ice

|

Litigation|

* "Barbie Girl" song case
* Barbie's Restaurants trademark dispute
* Tom Forsythe lawsuit(s)
* View-Master factory lawsuit

Other|

* PlayCable
* Power Glove
* The Toy Box
* Mattel163 (50% joint venture with NetEase)
* Mattel Adventure Park

Category

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF

National|

* Germany
* United States
* France
* BnF data
* Czech Republic
* Israel
* Catalonia

Other|

* IdRef
* MusicBrainz label

Portals:

* Companies
* United States
* California
* San Francisco Bay Area
* Los Angeles
* Film
* Animation
* Cartoon
* 1980s
* 1990s
* Disney

*[TBA]: To be announced
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