Place Charles de Gaulle

Public square in Paris, France

For other uses, see Charles de Gaulle (disambiguation).

Place Charles de Gaulle

View of the Place Charles de Gaulle from the Avenue d'Iéna

Shown within Paris

Length| 241 m (791 ft)
Width| 241 m (791 ft)
Arrondissement| 8th, 16th, 17th
Quarter| Champs-Élysées, Faubourg du Roule, Chaillot, Ternes
Coordinates| 48°52′26″N 2°17′41″E﻿ / ﻿48.87389°N 2.29472°E﻿ / 48.87389; 2.29472
Construction
Completion| 1670
Denomination| 13 November 1970

The Place Charles de Gaulle (French: [plas ʃaʁl də ɡol]), historically known as the Place de l'Étoile (French: [plas də letwal]), is a large road junction in Paris, France, the meeting point of twelve straight avenues (hence its historic name, which translates as "Square of the Star") including the Champs-Élysées. It was renamed in 1970, following the death of President Charles de Gaulle. It is still often referred to by its original name; the nearby Métro and RER station retains the designation Charles de Gaulle–Étoile. Paris's Axe historique ("historical axis") cuts through the Arc de Triomphe, which stands at the centre of the Place Charles de Gaulle.

## History

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The Barrière de l'Étoile buildings in front of a wooden mock-up of the Arc de Triomphe in 1810.

The original name of the area was the Butte Chaillot ("Chaillot Mound", named after the locality). At the time, it was the point of convergence of several hunting trails. The Marquis de Marigny constructed monumental roadworks, completed in 1777, on the mound when he was establishing the plantations along the Champs-Élysées. The junction included paving of the road in the form of a star, as it still exists today and became known as the Place de l'Étoile.

In 1787, the Wall of the Ferme générale (Mur des Fermiers généraux), and the two toll houses of the Barrière de l'Étoile (also known as the Barrière de Neuilly) were built to the design of Claude Nicolas Ledoux for the collection of the octroi tax at the entrance to Paris. They were located on either side of the Place de l'Étoile until their demolition after 1859.

The Place de l'Étoile, c. 1920.

Between 1806 and 1836, the Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile was built to the design of Jean Chalgrin. It was originally commissioned by Emperor Napoleon I during the First French Empire and inaugurated three decades later by King Louis Philippe I under the July Monarchy.

The avenues radiating from the Place de l'Étoile were created during the Second French Empire of Emperor Napoleon III as part of Haussmann's renovation of Paris.[1] The square was completely redesigned with avenues de Bezons (now Wagram), Joséphine (now Marceau), Kléber, de Saint-Cloud (now Victor-Hugo), Essling (now Carnot), Prince-Jérôme (now Mac-Mahon and Niel) forming with the Champs-Élysées and other existing avenues a star around the Arc de Triomphe.[2]

In 1864, the circular street surrounding the Place de l'Étoile was named Rue de Presbourg (south of the Axe historique) and Rue de Tilsitt (north of the Axe historique), after the diplomatic successes of Napoleon which led to the signing of the Treaty of Presbourg in 1805 and the Treaties of Tilsit in 1807.

Since 1921, beneath the Arc de Triomphe lies the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. After the death of President Charles de Gaulle in 1970, the Place de l'Étoile was renamed the Place Charles de Gaulle.

## Description

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### Map

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Twelve avenues radiate from the Place Charles de Gaulle, formerly named the Place de l'Étoile, forming a star with the Arc de Triomphe at its centre.

The Place Charles de Gaulle has a diameter of 241 metres (791 ft), giving it an area of approximately 4.55 hectares (11.2 acres). It is the second largest square in Paris, after the Place de la Concorde (8.64 hectares). At the centre of the square stands the Arc de Triomphe, which is accessible via a pedestrian underpass, to avoid the confluence of vehicular traffic from the juncture of twelve radiating avenues.

### Avenues

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The Place de l'Étoile was renamed the Place Charles de Gaulle in 1970.

The twelve avenues, clockwise from the north, are the following:

1. Avenue de Wagram (thus called since the Second Empire) and Boulevard de l'Étoile or Boulevard Bezons before
2. Avenue Hoche: Avenue de la Reine-Hortense during the Second Empire and Boulevard Monceau before
3. Avenue de Friedland since the Second Empire and Boulevard Beaujon before
4. Avenue des Champs-Élysées
5. Avenue Marceau: Avenue Joséphine during the Second Empire
6. Avenue d'Iéna
7. Avenue Kléber: Avenue du Roi-de-Rome during the Second Empire and Boulevard de Passy before
8. Avenue Victor-Hugo: Avenue d'Eylau during the Second Empire and Avenue de Saint-Cloud before
9. Avenue Foch: Avenue du Bois during the Third Republic and Avenue de l'Impératrice during the Second Empire
10. Avenue de la Grande Armée during the Second Empire and Avenue de Neuilly before
11. Avenue Carnot: Avenue d'Essling during the Second Empire
12. Avenue Mac-Mahon: Avenue du Prince-Jérôme during the Second Empire

### Axes

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Six axes are formed by the twelve avenues radiating from the Place Charles de Gaulle. The Axe historique extends from the Avenue des Champs-Élysées (at the bottom of the image) to the Avenue de la Grande Armée (at the top).

The Place Charles de Gaulle is symmetrical and thus has six axes:

1. Axis Avenue de Wagram and Avenue Kléber
2. Axis Avenue Hoche and Avenue Victor-Hugo
3. Axis Avenue de Friedland and Avenue Foch
4. Axis Avenue des Champs-Élysées and Avenue de la Grande Armée which is the Axe historique of Paris
5. Axis Avenue Marceau and Avenue Carnot
6. Axis Avenue d'Iéna and Avenue Mac-Mahon

### Arrondissements

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The Place Charles de Gaulle (as well as the Arc de Triomphe) is split between the 8th, 16th and 17th arrondissements of Paris. The 8th arrondissement encompasses the area between Avenue de Wagram and Avenue Marceau (to the east). The 16th arrondissement encompasses the area between Avenue Marceau and Avenue de la Grande Armée (to the south and west). The 17th arrondissement encompasses the area between Avenue de la Grande Armée and Avenue de Wagram (to the north).

## Literature

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La Place de l'Étoile is the title of a novel by French writer Patrick Modiano.

## Transportation

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Located near the Métro station: Charles de Gaulle–Étoile.

The Place Charles de Gaulle is served by Métro and RER services. Line 1, as well as RER A, run under the Avenue de la Grande Armée and Champs-Élysées and stop at the station. The station is also served by Line 2 and serves as the western terminus of Line 6.

## Gallery

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* A colourised aerial photograph of the Place de l'Étoile in 1921

* The Place Charles de Gaulle seen from the Avenue des Champs-Élysées in 2019

* The Place Charles de Gaulle seen from an airliner at 35,000 feet (11,000 m)

* The Avenue de la Grande Armée and Place Charles de Gaulle at sunset

* The Place Charles de Gaulle at night

## See also

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* France portal

* Squares in Paris
* Axe historique

## References

[edit]

1. ^ de Moncan, Patrice, Le Paris de Haussmann, Les Editions du Mecene, 2012 (ISBN 978-2-9079-70983).
2. ^ "Champs-Elysées facts". Paris Digest. 2018. Archived from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 3 January 2019.

## External links

[edit]

* Satellite image from Google Maps

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Place Charles-de-Gaulle (Paris).

* v
* t
* e

8th arrondissement of Paris

Neighbourhoods|

* Quartier des Champs-Élysées
* Quartier du Faubourg-du-Roule
* Quartier de la Madeleine
* Quartier de l'Europe

Primary and secondary schools|

* Lycée Chaptal
* Lycée Racine
* Cours Hattemer
* Lycée Fénelon Sainte-Marie

Colleges and universities|

* Intégrale : Institut d'enseignement supérieur privé

Landmarks|

* Arc de Triomphe (partial)
* Armenian Cathedral of St. John the Baptist
* Avenue Hoche
* Champs-Élysées
* Petit Palais
* Grand Palais
* Élysée Palace
* Four Seasons Hotel George V
* Hôtel de Crillon
* Hôtel de Marigny
* Hôtel de la Marine
* La Madeleine
* Musée Bouilhet-Christofle (closed)
* Musée Cernuschi
* Musée Jacquemart-André
* Musée Nissim de Camondo
* Alexander Nevsky Cathedral
* Palais de la Découverte
* Parc Monceau
* Pinacothèque de Paris (closed)
* Place Charles de Gaulle
* Place de la Concorde
* Luxor Obelisk
* Pont Alexandre III
* Pont de l'Alma
* Pont de la Concorde
* Pont des Invalides
* Saint-Augustin
* The Scots Kirk
* Théâtre des Champs-Élysées
* Théâtre du Rond-Point

Paris Métro stations|

* Alma–Marceau
* Champs-Élysées–Clemenceau
* Charles de Gaulle–Étoile
* Concorde
* Courcelles
* Europe
* George V
* Liège
* Madeleine
* Miromesnil
* Monceau
* Place de Clichy
* Rome
* Saint-Augustin
* Saint-Lazare
* Saint-Philippe du Roule
* Ternes
* Villiers

SNCF station|

* Gare Saint-Lazare

* v
* t
* e

16th arrondissement of Paris

Neighbourhoods|

* Auteuil
* Chaillot
* Passy
* Trocadéro

Primary and
secondary schools|

* Lycée Claude-Bernard
* Lycée Janson-de-Sailly
* Lycée Jean-Baptiste-Say
* Lycée Molière
* Lycée La Fontaine
* Lycée Octave-Feuillet
* École Pascal
* Lycée René-Cassin
* École normale israélite orientale
* Institut de l'Assomption
* Cours privé Beauséjour
* École d'esthétique Yves Rocher
* Institut de La Tour
* International School of Paris
* Russian Embassy School in Paris
* Établissement Gerson
* Ipécom Paris
* Lycée Moria-Diane Benvenuti
* Lycée Notre-Dame des Oiseaux
* Lycée Passy-Saint-Honoré
* Saint-Jean de Passy
* Lycée Saint-Louis-de-Gonzague
* Lycée Sainte-Thérèse
* Kingsworth International School

Universities|

* Paris Dauphine University

Landmarks|

* Arc de Triomphe (partial)
* Bois de Boulogne
* Guimet Museum
* Louis Vuitton Foundation
* Mona Bismarck American Center
* Maison de Balzac
* Maison la Roche
* Musée Arménien de France
* Musée d'Art Dentaire Pierre Fauchard
* Musée Baccarat
* Musée Clemenceau
* Musée de la Contrefaçon
* Palais de Tokyo
* Parc des Princes
* Pavillon de l'eau
* Passy Cemetery
* Piscine Molitor (swimming pool)
* Place Charles de Gaulle
* Place Diana
* Russian Embassy in Paris
* Stade Jean-Bouin
* Stade Roland Garros
* Tenniseum

Paris Métro stations|

* Argentine
* Boissière
* Chardon Lagache
* Charles de Gaulle–Étoile
* Église d'Auteuil
* Exelmans
* Iéna
* Jasmin
* Kléber
* La Muette
* Michel-Ange–Auteuil
* Michel-Ange–Molitor
* Mirabeau
* Passy
* Porte d'Auteuil
* Porte Dauphine
* Porte de Saint-Cloud
* Porte Maillot
* Porte Molitor
* Ranelagh
* Rue de la Pompe
* Trocadéro
* Victor Hugo

Paris RER stations|

* Charles de Gaulle–Étoile

The École Japonaise de Paris (Japanese School of Paris) was in Trocadéro until 1990

Authority control databases: Geographic |

* MusicBrainz place

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