PlayStation models

List of models of Sony's PlayStation

This article is about the models of Sony's original PlayStation console. For models of Sony's later home consoles, see § See also.

The very first PlayStation model, the Japanese SCPH-1000, shown with original controller and memory card

A number of models of Sony's PlayStation (PS1) video game console were produced from 1994 to 2006. Most revisions of the PlayStation were made to fix known hardware issues or lower production costs and time, while others featured substantial external changes.

Each region has its own model number; for example, Japan received the SCPH-1000, North America received the SCPH-1001, and Europe received the SCPH-1002. The final digit in the model number is the region code of the console; many games are restricted to certain regions, and the system software displays in different languages.

## Revisions of standard PlayStation hardware

[edit]

A bottom-up comparison of the SCPH-1000, SCPH-3000, SCPH-5501, and SCPH-9001. The SCPH-900x revision saw the removal of the parallel I/O port while the RCA connectors were removed in the SCPH-550x revision and the S-Video port was removed in the SCPH-1001 revision.

The PlayStation went through a number of variants during its production run, each accompanied by a change in the part number. From an external viewpoint, the most notable change was the gradual reduction in the number of external connectors from the back of the unit. This started very early on with the original Japanese launch units; the SCPH-1000, released on 3 December 1994, was the only model that had an S-Video port, which was removed on the next release.[1] This also led to a discrepancy where the U.S. and European launch units had the same part number series (SCPH-100x) as the Japanese launch units, but had different hardware (Rev. B silicon and no S-Video port)—their technical equivalents were the Japanese SCPH-3000, so had their numbering been consistent, they would have been called SCPH-3001 and SCPH-3002. Inconsistent numbering was also used for the Net Yaroze machines, which were based on SCPH-5000 and later 1001/1002 hardware, but numbered DTL-H3000, DTL-H3001, and DTL-H3002. Also, the first models (DTL-H1000, DTL-H1001, DTL-H1002) had problems with the printf function and developers had to use another function instead.

This series of machines had a reputation for CD drive problems - the original optical pickup sled (KSM-440AAM) was made of thermoplastic and placed close to the power supply, eventually leading to uneven wear that moved the laser into a position where it was no longer parallel with the CD surface. Late KSM-440ACM drives had the sled replaced with a die-cast one with hard nylon inserts in order to address the issue.

The original hardware design included dual-ported VRAM as graphics memory, but due to a shortage in parts, Sony redesigned the GPU to use SGRAM instead (which could simulate dual-porting to some extent by using two banks). At the same time the GPU was upgraded to utilize smoother shading, resulting in overall better image quality compared to earlier models, which were more prone to banding;[2] additionally, performance for transparency effects was improved, resulting in less slowdown in scenes using this effect heavily. This Rev. C hardware first appeared in late 1995 and, unlike in Japan, was not marked with a model number change in NTSC-U and PAL territories - SCPH-1001/1002 systems can have either revision, as the change happened between revisions of the PU-8 mainboard.

The PAL region consoles from SCPH-1002 up to SCPH-5552 were different from the systems released in other regions in that they had a different menu design; a grey blocked background with square icons for the Memory Card (an icon showing a PlayStation with 2 memory cards inserted) and CD player (an icon with musical keyboards) menus. The CD player also included reverberation effects unique to those systems until the release of the PS one in 2000, which featured a slightly modified version of the BIOS.

With the release of the SCPH-5000/5003 series being produced only in Japan and Asia, it followed the same exterior design as the Japanese SCPH-3000/3500 series, its only differences being that it was switched to Rev. C hardware (same as late 1001/1002 units) with some upgrades to flawed components from previous models and a reduced retail price. This was followed by the first major consolidation, SCPH-550x/5001 and PAL-exclusive SCPH-5552 units, released in April 1997. This model further addressed the reliability issues with the disc drive assembly by placing the drive further away from the power supply in order to reduce heat; the chipset was also redesigned to use digital servo for focus/tracking and also to auto-calibrate the drive, as opposed to manual gain/bias calibration on earlier models. Also, shielding and PSU wiring were simplified, and from the SCPH-5001 on the RCA jacks and RFU power connectors were removed from the rear panel and the printed text on the back was changed to reliefs of the same. Starting with the SCPH-550x series, PAL variants had the "power" and "open" buttons changed from text to symbols, something that would later appear on the redesigned PS one. Originally, the PlayStation was supposed to have provision on Video CD support, but this feature was only included on the Asian exclusive SCPH-5903 model.[3]

These were followed by the SCPH-700x and SCPH-750x series, released in April 1998. They are externally identical to the SCPH-500x machines, but have internal changes made to reduce manufacturing costs (for example, the system RAM went from 4 chips to 1, and the CD controller went from 3 chips to 1). In addition, a slight change of the start-up screen was made; the diamond remains unchanged but the font used for Sony Computer and Entertainment is now consistent, making the words appear smaller than the diamond overall, and the trademark symbol (™) is now placed after "Computer Entertainment" instead of after the diamond, as it was on the earlier models. New to the SCPH-700x series was the introduction of the "Sound Scope" - light show music visualizations. These were accessible by pressing the Select button while playing any normal audio CD in the system's CD player. While watching these visualizations, players could also add various effects like color cycling or motion blur and can save/load their memory card. These were seen on the SCPH-700x, 750x, 900x, and PS one models.

The final revision to the original PlayStation was the SCPH-900x series, released in May 1999. These had the same hardware as the SCPH-750x models, except the parallel port was removed and the size of the PCB is further reduced. The removal of the parallel port is partially due to the fact that Sony did not release an official, consumer-facing add-on for it; it was used for cheat cartridges and software development hardware, and for the parallel port to defeat the regional lockouts and copy protection. The PlayStation Link Cable connection was supported by only a handful of games. The SCPH-900x was the last model to support it, as the Serial I/O port was removed on all PS one models.

The PS one, released on 7 July 2000, was originally based on essentially the same hardware as the SCPH-900x; the serial port was removed, the controller/memory card ports moved to the main PCB and the internal power supply replaced with an external 7.5VDC power adapter with the other required power rails being generated internally on the main using a mixture of regulators and DC/DC converters for the various rails. It also incorporated a slightly modified version of the menu design previously used only on PAL consoles. The later revision (still designated as SCPH-10x but with a different PM-41(2) main circuit board) was functionally identical, but reduced manufacturing cost for a last time by moving to more highly integrated chips, namely the replacement of external RAM with on-chip RAM, which both reduced the parts count and allowed the use of smaller and cheaper packages by reducing the number of pins required.

## Debugging units

[edit]

Debugging station PlayStation (PAL)

There were also debugging consoles - these were generally in either blue or green cases, although there were some special production units (mostly intended for use as show demo units) that were grey, the same as the retail consoles. The debug units were designed to be as close as possible to retail consoles, so they only had 2MB of RAM (the developer boards had 8MB) and had standard retail boot ROMs. The only real difference is that the CD controller was reprogrammed so that it would identify any disc that had a data track as being "licensed", rather than requiring the region code in the lead-in that was present on pressed PlayStation CDs. This was done to allow developers to burn games to CD for testing. A side-effect of this was that most debug consoles would also boot discs from other regions (one notable exception being the later NTSC-J debugs, which only boot Japanese titles), although this was not officially supported. Sony made specific debug consoles for each region, and the TRC (technical requirement checklist) provided by Sony for each region required testing the title on the correct debug stations.

The reason for the two different case colors was a hardware change that Sony had made fairly early in the PlayStation production cycle - the original machines were built using Rev. A (early Japan market units) or Rev. B (later Japan units, US and Europe) hardware, both using the same GPU with VRAM to store the video data. Later models used Rev. C silicon and SGRAM \- although the two chipsets had very similar performance, and Rev. C was explicitly designed with compatibility in mind, they were not identical - the Rev. C version was significantly faster at doing alpha blending, and hence the PS "semitransparent" writing mode - it was also rather slow at certain screen memory block moves (basically, ones involving narrow vertical strips of the display) on top of this there were some minor hardware bugs in the older silicon that had been addressed by including workarounds for them in the libraries - the later library versions checked the GPU type at startup time and disabled the patches if they were not needed. Because this made the two machine types quite significantly different from each other, the developer had to test the title on both machines before submitting. The blue debugs (DTL-H100x, DTL-H110x) had the old silicon and the green ones (DTL-H120x) had the new silicon.

## Net Yaroze

[edit]

Main article: Net Yaroze

In 1997, Sony released a version of the PlayStation called the Net Yaroze. It was more expensive than the regular PlayStation ($750 instead of $299 for the original PlayStation) and also harder to obtain as it only came via mail order. It had a matte black finish instead of the usual gray, and most importantly, came with tools and instructions that allowed a user to program PlayStation games and applications without the need for a full development unit, which cost around $5,000 at the time. The Net Yaroze lacked many of the features the full developer suite provided to licensed developers, such as on-demand support and code libraries.[citation needed] Programmers were also limited by the 2 MB of total game space that the Net Yaroze allowed[4], which was otherwise not an issue for games like Ridge Racer that ran entirely from the system RAM (except for the streamed music tracks).[5] It was unique in that it was the only officially retailed PlayStation with no regional lockout; it would play games from any territory. It would not however play CD-R discs, so it was not possible to create self-booting Yaroze games without a modified PlayStation.[5]

## PS One

[edit]

Not to be confused with PlayStation (console).

PS One

Developer| Sony Computer Entertainment
Manufacturer| Sony
Product family| PlayStation
Type| Home video game console
Generation| Fifth generation
Lifespan| 7 July 2000[6] – 23 March 2006[7]
Units sold| 28.15 million[7]
Controller input| DualShock

The PS One (officially stylized as PS one and alternatively spelled PSOne and PSone) is a smaller, redesigned version of the original PlayStation platform.[8] (Dimensions are 38 mm × 193 mm × 144 mm versus 45 mm × 260 mm × 185 mm.) It was released on 7 July 2000,[9] and went on to outsell all other consoles throughout the remainder of the year—including Sony's own PlayStation 2.[8] The PS One is fully compatible with all PlayStation software; compatibility with certain peripherals may vary, however. The PS One also had additional changes, including the removal of the parallel and serial ports from the rear of the console, and the removal of a separate reset button (the power button is also labeled as a reset button, which is executed by double-pressing the switch in quick succession).

The PS One with LCD screen attachment

On January 2, 2002, Sony released a bundle set called the Combo that included the 5-inch (130 mm) LCD screen attachment (SCPH-131).[10] Prior to the bundle's release, the LCD screen was offered as a separate attachment for the PS One when it was initially released on September 19, 2000 as an accessory. The attachment itself featured a headphone jack alongside an AV mini jack for connecting camcorders or other devices.

## Comparison of models

[edit]

Model: | BIOS: | Batch production dates: | Case: | Hardware: | Board model number: | A/V Direct Out: | Parallel Port: | Serial Port: | Notes:

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

SCPH-1000  | 1.0 (1994-09-22)  | September 1994 - May 1997  | Original (grey)  | Rev. A/B  | PU-7  | Yes  | FMV skipping issues.
S-Video direct out.
Dynamic lighting and color banding issues.
Overheating and CD drive burnout issues.
SCPH-1001  | 2.2 (1995-12-04)  | July 1995 - May 1997  | Original (grey)  | Rev. B/C  | PU-8,
PU-7 (early December 1995 and prior)  | Yes  | FMV skipping issues.
S-Video direct out removed.
Overheating and CD drive burnout issues.

Units made starting late December 1995 and after began using the PU-8 motherboard, which fixed issues with dynamic lighting and color banding that had on the units with the PU-7 motherboard (early December 1995 unit batches and prior).

SCPH-1001 and SCPH-1002 are based on the SCPH-3000 series.
SCPH-3500 is based on the SCPH-3000 model with two included controllers.
SCPH-5000 is based on the SCPH-3000 model with a reduced retail price.
It's unclear if the SCPH-5001 and SCPH-5002 models exist.
SCPH-1002  | 2.0 (1995-05-10)
2.1 (1995-07-17)
2.2 (1995-12-04)
SCPH-3000  | 1.1 (1995-01-22)  | Unknown  | Rev. B
SCPH-3500  | 2.1 (1995-07-17)  | PU-8
SCPH-5000  | 2.2 (1995-12-04)  | Rev. C
SCPH-5003  | 2.2 (1995-12-04)
SCPH-5500  | 3.0 (1996-09-09)  | May 1997 - April 1998  | Original (grey)  | Rev. C  | PU-18  | No  | Yes  | Minor FMV skipping issues.
CD-ROM drive re-located on right side of CD bay to prevent overheating issues with the CD drive. Digital servo for focus/tracking introduced, manual gain/bias calibration removed.
Lens carriage reinforced and power simplified, making FMV skipping issues less prominent. Only revision with vibration damper under the drive.
A/V direct out and RFU power connector removed.
Motherboard PCB reduced in size.
Model numbers synchronized worldwide.
Two controllers are included with the SCPH-5552, itself based on the SCPH-5502.
SCPH-5501  | 3.0 (1996-11-18)
SCPH-5502  | 3.0 (1997-01-06)
SCPH-5503  | 3.0 (1996-11-18)
SCPH-5552  | 3.0 (1997-01-06)  | Unknown
SCPH-5903  | 2.2 (1995-12-04)  | Unknown  | Original (white)  | Rev. C  | PU-16  | Yes  | Designed specifically for the Southeast Asian market, this is the only model capable of playing Video CD movies and includes an additional security chip to curb piracy rampant in some Southeast Asian countries.[11]
It is based on the SCPH-5003, except that it has RCA sockets (as well as the RFU power connector), like earlier PlayStation models.
SCPH-7000  | 4.0 (1997-08-18)  | April 1998 - August 1998  | Original (grey)  | Rev. C  | PU-20,
PU-18 (April 1998)  | No  | Yes  | Minor FMV skipping issues.
Same internal and external build as the 550x series.
DualShock now standard.
Introduction of Sound Scope.

Unlike the 550x series, this series typically has the PU-20 motherboard, a cost-reduced and rearranged board which performs almost the same as the PU-18 motherboards (found on models made in April 1998).
SCPH-7001  | 4.1 (1997-12-16)
SCPH-7002  | 4.1 (1997-12-16)
SCPH-7003  | 3.0 (1996-11-18)
SCPH-7000W  | 4.1 (1997-11-14)  | April 1998[12] | Original (midnight blue)  | Rev. C  | PU-18  | No  | Yes  | Known as the "10 million model" to commemorate the 10 millionth PlayStation sold in late 1997, this Japanese-region model is finished in Midnight Blue and allows games from any region to be played. It has a unique BIOS based on the English version of the BIOS (possibly NTSC U/C) to account for it.[a]

This model was exclusively offered as a promotional item that could be acquired via a contest that ran from March 1998 to May 1998 in the USA/Canada. A number of SCPH-7000W models were relabeled as SCPH-7001 and SCPH-7002 models finished in Midnight Blue for the USA/Canada and PAL regions respectively, using a similar region free BIOS.
SCPH-7500  | 4.1 (1997-12-16)  | August 1998 - May 1999  | Original (grey)  | Rev. C  | PU-22,
PU-18 (early August 1998)  | No  | Yes  | Major manufacturing cost reductions took place from this model onwards.
The CD drive now used a metal beam type instead of plastic, fixing FMV skipping issues and creating overall longer CD drive longevity.
The number of memory chips and CD-ROM controllers were reduced, other components were simplified.
PU-22 motherboards and after have improved AV video output and sharper graphics compared to the 700x and prior.
It's unclear if the SCPH-9903 model exist.

Units made in August 1998 use the PU-18 motherboard (as found on models made in April 1998), the only batch of the 750x that doesn't benefit from sharper graphics. Most likely, this was a 700x batch being mislabeled as 750x units during the transition of models.
Units made in April or May 1999 often use the same case as the 900x units, covering the parallel port.
SCPH-7501  | 4.1 (1997-12-16)
SCPH-7502  | 4.1 (1997-12-16)
SCPH-7503  | 4.1 (1997-12-16)
SCPH-9000  | 4.0 (1997-08-18)  | May 1999 - September 2000  | Original (grey)  | Rev. C  | PU-23,
PU-22 (May 1999)  | No  | Yes  | Parallel port removed.
Motherboard PCB reduced in size.

Some earlier 900x units have the parallel port hidden under case with the PU-22 board, particularly on ones made in May 1999. Most likely, this was a very late 750x batch having their parallel ports hidden, being mislabled as 900x units during the transition of models.
SCPH-9001  | 4.1 (1997-12-16)
SCPH-9002  | 4.1 (1997-12-16)
SCPH-9003  | 4.1 (1997-12-16)
SCPH-100  | 4.3 (2000-03-11)  | August 2000  | PS one (white)  | Rev. C  | PM-41,
PM-41 (2)[13] | No  | Redesigned smaller case.
Controller and memory card ports integrated onto motherboard.
Serial port removed.
Has external power supply.
A/V multi Out port.
SCPH-101  | 4.5 (2000-05-25)
SCPH-102  | 4.4 (2000-03-24)
4.5 (2000-05-25)
SCPH-103  | 4.5 (2000-05-25)

### Region codes

[edit]

The last digit of the PlayStation model number denotes the region in which it was sold:[14]

* 0 is Japan (Japanese boot ROM, NTSC-J region, NTSC video, 100 V PSU)
* 1 is USA/Canada (English boot ROM, NTSC-U/C region, NTSC video, 120 V PSU)
* 2 is PAL regions (English boot ROM, PAL region, PAL video, 220-240 V PSU). Sub-models exist differing in bundled accessories:
* 2A is Australia. Australian mains cord and composite (RCA) cable.
* 2B is United Kingdom and Ireland. BS 1363 domestic mains cord and RF modulator instead of composite cable.
* 2C is for other PAL countries such as the rest of Europe. Europlug mains cord and composite cable plus RCA to SCART adapter.
* 3 is Asia (English boot ROM, NTSC-J region, NTSC video, Wide range 110-240 V PSU)

### Quality of construction

[edit]

The first batch of PlayStations used a KSM-440AAM laser unit whose case and all movable parts were completely made out of plastic. Over time, friction caused the plastic tray to wear out—usually unevenly. The placement of the laser unit close to the power supply accelerated wear because of the additional heat, which made the plastic even more vulnerable to friction. Eventually, the tray would become so worn that the laser no longer pointed directly at the CD and games would no longer load. Sony first addressed the problem by making the tray out of die-cast metal, and additionally also placed the laser unit farther away from the power supply on later models of the PlayStation.

Some units, particularly the early 100x models, would be unable to play FMV or music correctly, resulting in skipping or freezing. In more extreme cases the PlayStation would only work correctly when turned onto its side or upside down.[citation needed]

## See also

[edit]

* PlayStation 2 models
* PlayStation 3 models
* PlayStation 4
* PlayStation 5 models

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ The SCPH-7000W seems to be based on the Asian SCPH-7003 models but labeled as a Japanese model with the special "W" identifier, using a similar English-language BIOS and featuring a wide range PSU, but with the region lock removed.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Presenting the Sony PlayStation". GamePro. No. 84\. IDG. September 1995. p. 28.
2. ^ "Colour banding problems on early PlayStation models". YouTube. 2013-01-06. Retrieved 2020-04-15.
3. ^ "SCPH". maru-chang.com. 2005-10-26. Retrieved 2013-01-02.
4. ^ "PlayStation Turns 10". Electronic Gaming Monthly. No. 197\. Nov 2005. p. 174.
5. ^ a b "If You Can Build a Better Game...". Next Generation. No. 25\. Imagine Media. January 1997. pp. 40–49.
6. ^ "Business Development/Japan". Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. Archived from the original on 2004-04-22. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
7. ^ a b "PlayStation Cumulative Production Shipments of Hardware". Sony Computer Entertainment. Archived from the original on 2011-05-24. Retrieved 2012-01-27.
8. ^ a b Smith, Tony (2000-12-06). "Sony PS One sales rocket as PS Two famine continues". theregister.co.uk. Retrieved 2008-08-22.
9. ^ "SCEE 2000—Key Facts and Figures". Sony Computer Entertainment Europe. Archived from the original on 2007-09-19. Retrieved 2006-11-25.
10. ^ Becker, David (2 January 2002). "Sony offers LCD for PSOne". CNET. Red Ventures. Archived from the original on 26 December 2020. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
11. ^ "Saturn/PS-X Sequels". Next Generation. No. 27\. Imagine Media. March 1997. p. 24.
12. ^ "10 million model ps1".
13. ^ "SCPH-10x Board Revisions". ASSEMbler Games. 2018-09-16. Archived from the original on 2019-04-02. Retrieved 2018-09-20.
14. ^ SCPH-9000 Series Service Manual. Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. Customer Service Department. May 1999. p. 1. Retrieved 28 May 2022.

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