Polish–Ottoman War (1633–1634)

Conflict in eastern Europe

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Polish–Ottoman War 1633–1634

Part of Polish–Ottoman Wars

Allied Zaporozhian Cossacks in chaika boats attacking Turkish galleys in the Black Sea, 1636
| Date| 1633–1634

|

Location|

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Result|

Polish-Lithuanian victory

* Execution of Abaza Mehmed Pasa

Territorial
changes|  Status Quo
Belligerents
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|  Ottoman Empire
Moldavia
Budjak Horde
Commanders and leaders
Stanisław Koniecpolski|  Abhaz Pasha
Khan Temir

* v
* t
* e

Polish–Ottoman Wars

* 1375–1377
* 1389–1396
* 1415–1419
* 1420
* 1437-1442
* 1443–1444
* 1475
* 1479
* 1485–1503
* 1502–1510
* 1524
* 1526
* 1561
* 1593–1606
* 1595
* 1607
* 1612
* 1615–1616
* 1620–1621
* 1633–1634
* 1651
* 1664
* 1666–1671
* 1672–1676 (Lipka rebellion)
* 1683–1699

* v
* t
* e

Moldavian–Polish War

* 1387
* 1431
* 1432–1438
* 1435
* 1497–1499
* 1502–1510
* 1530–1538
* 1552
* 1595
* 1607
* 1615–1616
* 1633–1634
* 1672–1676
* 1683–1699

The Polish–Ottoman War of 1633–1634 was one of the many military conflicts between the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland together with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth) and the Ottoman Empire and its vassals.

## Background[edit]

Mehmed Abazy was the governor of the Ottoman province of Sylistria (Silistra, today in Bulgaria). In 1632, after the death of the Polish king Sigismund III Vasa, the Tsardom of Russia broke an armistice and started a war with the Commonwealth (Smolensk War 1632–1634). Abazy mobilized his troops and called Moldavian, Wallachian and Nogai Tatar (of the Budjak Horde) as reinforcements. Abazy was ambitious and possibly acted without the sultan's or the grand vizier's knowledge as the Ottoman Empire was deeply involved with a war against the Safavids (1623–1639). The sultan claimed ignorance of Abazy's actions but it's possible that sultan Murad IV secretly agreed to the risky campaign against the Commonwealth.

## 1633[edit]

Around June 29, 1633 a strong Tatar group of the Budjak Horde (about 1,000 men) raided the area near the city of Kamieniec Podolski. This raid ended and the Tatars returned to Moldavia with their loot and slaves. Meanwhile, the Commonwealth commander, Hetman Stanisław Koniecpolski was in Bar and moved immediately in pursuit with 2,000 cavalry when the news reached him. The hetman crossed Dniestr river and entered the Ottoman-controlled territory of Moldavia, which had been the theatre of the previous Commonwealth-Ottoman war just a few decades earlier (the Moldavian Magnate Wars). The Tatars probably thought they were safe and slowed down thus allowing the hetman to catch up to them on July 4 near Sasowy Róg at the river Prut. Several dozen Tatars were killed and captured, the rest dispersed. Among the captives were several high-ranking Nogai Tatars and Khan Temir's son-in-law (Khan Temir, Kantymir – chief of Budjak Horde, a well known and ferocious Nogai Tatar leader). Most of the loot, all captives, cattle and horses were recovered.

Koniecpolski, who had an extensive spy network through the region and was responsible for much of the Commonwealth foreign policy there, had probably known about Abazy's plans at this moment. He returned to the left bank of Dniestr, started the construction of a fortified camp near Kamieniec Podolski (an important city and a strong fortress in the Podolia region) and called for reinforcement of about 3,000 regular troops in his disposition: Cossacks and private troops of magnates (about 8,000 men). Abazy started his march in the second half of September with Ottoman troops from his province, vassal troops and about 5,000–10,000 Tatars, including almost the whole Budjak horde led by Kantymir. In mid-October he was near Chocim (Khotyn) and learned about Koniecpolski's preparations. Abazy started negotiations, probably wanting to outmanoeuver Koniecpolski by diplomacy. It is possible that he got news about the sultan's increasing dissatisfaction, and decided to hurry his plans. Abazy crossed the Dniestr about October 20. Kantymir started his attacks on October 20 and continued during the next day. On October 22 Abazy attacked with his full forces but was repelled with heavy losses and ordered a retreat. It can only be speculated whether he got orders from Constantinople (Istanbul), if he did not believe that he could defeat Koniecpolski, or if he heard the false news that more Cossack reinforcements were coming to aid Koniecpolski.

## 1634[edit]

In next year a full war with the Ottoman Empire was close (according to one source, the sultan created a huge army, while according to others, it was close to being formed); however the sultan suffered from another failure: his vassal, khan of Crimea Canibek Giray (also known as Janibek or Dzhanibek), had decided to attack Muscovy. Muscovite troops were fighting with Polish troops, then-Polish Ukraine was bolstered by Cossacks and Koniecpolski's troops, and many times Tatars themselves offered to the Commonwealth to raid Muscovy in exchange for “gifts” (or were sent “gifts” to do so). An army of Tatars, approximately 20,000 strong, attacked Muscovy in 1632, and again in 1633 in even larger numbers. Attacks continued until 1637. In June 1634, Tatars operated in the area of Kursk, Orel, and Mtsensk. A year later they attacked the Lesser Nogai Horde and Azov Horde. In 1636 Crimean Tatars attacked again and the Greater Nogai horde changed their allegiance to Crimea. The southern defenses were destroyed and the country was depopulated (the number of jasyr captives sold in Crimea is estimated at 10,000). Russian historians accuse the Poles of coordinating their attacks with those of Tatars.

Meanwhile, Commonwealth victories against Muscovy (Shein had been forced to capitulation near Smolensk in February 1634, while further plundering of Muscovite lands by Cossacks, the Commonwealth troops, and Tatars continued) caused the tsar to decide to seek peace with the Polish new king, Władysław IV. A new peace treaty in Polanowo (or Polanówko, called pokój polanowski in Polish) was signed in June 1634. The terms of the previous treaty were confirmed and in exchange for a large amount of money Władysław resigned the tsar title. After that Władysław went south with some of his troops to Ukraine.

In September 1634 about 29,000 Commonwealth soldiers were concentrated near Kamieniec Podolski. These included expanded regular troops of Koniecpolski (6,500 including Piechota wybraniecka), 5,500 infantry and dragoons that came with the king from Smolensk, private troops of magnates and mercenaries hired by provinces. Commonwealth forces were making preparations for war, the Smoleńsk campaign showing that the Polish infantry reform program had succeeded. New reforms in artillery were introduced, which resulted in creation of new centers of cannon-making, and additionally Cossacks could be mobilized. The whole situation changed dramatically: instead of opening a second front and attack on the soft belly of a desperate Commonwealth, the sultan would have to confront the entire power of a victorious king. In order to explain the previous year's “misunderstandings,” the sultan sent his envoy Chavush Shaheen aga to Warsaw, blamed Abazy, and promised to punish him. Abazy tried to hide or cover his failure by sending the sultan rich gifts; however, he was called to Istanbul and sentenced to death.

The peace treaty was extended, and the sultan promised to displace the Budjak horde but never did so. Additionally Abazy was “relieved” and the new governor of Silistria received orders not to make any mischief.

## See also[edit]

* Polish-Ottoman Wars
* Smolensk War
* Ruthenia
* Zaporozhian Cossacks

## References[edit]

* WOJNY POLSKO TURECKIE W PIERWSZEJ POŁOWIE XVII WIEKU
* Kołodziejczyk, Dariusz (2000). Ottoman-Polish Diplomatic Relations (15th – 18th Century): An Annotated Edition of 'Ahdnames and Other Documents. Leiden – Boston –Köln: Brill.

* v
* t
* e

Lithuanian wars and conflicts

Grand Duchy of Lithuania (to 1795)|

| 13th century|

* Mongol invasions of Lithuania
* Lithuanian Crusade (1283–1422)

|

14th century|

* Galicia–Volhynia Wars (1340–1392)
* Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1368–1372)
* Lithuanian Civil War (1381–1384)
* Battle of the Vikhra River
* Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392)

15th century|

* Samogitian uprisings (1401–1409)
* Lithuanian Crusade
* Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War (1409–1411)
* Battle of Grunwald
* Hunger War (1414)
* Gollub War (1422)
* Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)
* Battle of Ašmena
* Battle of Pabaiskas
* Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War (1431–1435)
* Crusade of Varna (1443–1444)
* Battle of Varna
* Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)
* 1st Muscovite–Lithuanian War (1492–1494)

16th century|

* 2nd Muscovite–Lithuanian War (1500–1503)
* 3rd Muscovite–Lithuanian War (1507–1508)
* Glinski rebellion (1508)
* 4th Muscovite–Lithuanian War (1512–1522)
* 5th Muscovite–Lithuanian War (1534–1537)
* Livonian War (1558–1583)
* Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory (1577–1582)
* Northern Seven Years' War (1563–1570)
* War of the Polish–Lithuanian Succession (1587–1588)
* Kosiński uprising (1591–1593)
* Nalyvaiko Uprising (1594–1596)

17th century|

* Moldavian Magnate Wars
* Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish wars
* War against Sigismund
* Battle of Stångebro
* Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War (1600–1629)
* Polish-Lithuanian–Swedish War (1600–1611)
* Battle of Kircholm (1605)
* Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War (1617–1618)
* Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War (1621–1625)
* Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War (1626–1629)
* Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1605–1618)
* Battle of Klushino (1610)
* Zebrzydowski rebellion (1606)
* Thirty Years' War (1618–1648)
* Battle of Humenné (1619)
* Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War (1620–1621)
* Battle of Khotyn (1621)
* 1624 Tatar Invasion
* Zhmaylo uprising (1625)
* Fedorovych uprising (1630)
* Smolensk War (1632–1634)
* Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)
* Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War (1633–1634)
* Pavlyuk uprising (1637)
* Ostryanyn uprising (1638)
* 1644 Tatar Invasion
* Khmelnytsky Uprising (1648–1657)
* Battle of Berestechko (1651)
* Russo-Polish–Lithuanian War (1654–1667)
* Second Northern War
* The Deluge
* Polish–Lithuanian–Cossack–Tatar War(1666–1671)
* Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War (1672–1676)
* Battle of Khotyn (1673)
* Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War (1683–1699)
* Lithuanian Civil War (1697–1702)

18th century|

* Great Northern War (1700–1721)
* War of the Polish–Lithuanian Succession (1733–1735)
* War of the Bar Confederation (1768–1774)
* War of 1792
* Kościuszko Uprising (1794)

Lithuania partitioned (1795–1918)|

* Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815)
* French invasion of Russia (1812)
* November Uprising (1830–1831)
* January Uprising (1863–1864)
* Revolution of 1905
* World War I (1914–1918)

Interwar Lithuania (1918–1940)|

* Lithuanian Wars of Independence
* Lithuanian–Soviet War (1918–1919)
* Polish–Lithuanian War (1919–1920)
* Klaipėda Revolt (1923)

World War II|

* June Uprising in Lithuania (1941)

Soviet occupation (1944–1990)|

* Lithuanian partisans

Restored Lithuania (since 1990)|

* Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts
* War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
* Iraq War (2003–2011)

* v
* t
* e

Polish wars and conflicts

General and related|

* Early modern warfare
* History of the Polish Army
* History of Polish intelligence services
* List of wars involving Poland
* Military of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
* Polish Armed Forces
* Warfare in Medieval Poland

Piast Poland|

* Polish–Veletian War
* Battle of Cedynia
* German–Polish War (1003–1018)
* Bolesław I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis
* German–Polish War (1028–1031)
* Miecław's Rebellion
* 1072 war against Bohemia
* Siege of Głogów
* 1146 war against Germany
* 1156 war against Germany
* Galicia–Volhynia Wars

Mongol invasions|

* First Mongol invasion of Poland (1240/41)
* Second Mongol invasion of Poland (1259/60)
* Third Mongol invasion of Poland (1287/88)
* Battle of Legnica

Jagiellon Poland|

| Polish–Teutonic wars|

* Teutonic takeover of Danzig (Gdańsk)
* Polish–Teutonic War (1326–1332)
* Battle of Płowce
* Great War
* Battle of Grunwald
* Hunger War (1414)
* Gollub War (1422)
* Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435)
* Thirteen Years' War
* War of the Priests
* Polish–Teutonic War (1519–1521)

|

* Władysław the White's rebellion
* Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)
* Battle of Grotniki
* 1444 war against the Ottomans
* Battle of Varna
* Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)
* Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1512–1522)
* Battle of Orsha
* Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1534–1537)
* Ottoman–Tatar Invasion of Lithuania and Poland

Commonwealth|

| Polish–Swedish wars|

* Livonian War
* campaign of Stephen Báthory
* Northern Seven Years' War (1563–1570)
* War against Sigismund
* Battle of Stångebro
* Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1629
* Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1611
* Battle of Kircholm
* Polish–Swedish War of 1617–1618
* Polish–Swedish War of 1621–1625
* Polish–Swedish War of 1626–1629
* Second Northern War
* The Deluge
* Great Northern War

|

* Danzig rebellion
* Battle of Lubieszów
* Siege of Danzig (1577)
* War of the Polish Succession (1587–1588)
* Battle of Byczyna
* 1589 Tatar Invasion
* Kosiński uprising
* 1593 Tatar Invasion
* Nalyvaiko Uprising
* Moldavian Magnate Wars
* Polish–Muscovite War of 1605–1618
* Battle of Kłuszyn
* Zebrzydowski rebellion
* Thirty Years' War
* Battle of Humenné

Polish–Ottoman wars|

* Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)
* Polish–Ottoman War of 1620–1621
* Battle of Chocim (1621)
* Polish–Ottoman War of 1633–1634
* Polish–Cossack–Tatar War (1666–1671)
* Polish–Ottoman War of 1672–1676
* Battle of Chocim (1673)
* Great Turkish War
* War of the Holy League 1683–1699
* Battle of Vienna

* 1624 Tatar Invasion
* Zhmaylo uprising
* Fedorovych uprising
* Smolensk War
* Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)
* Pavlyuk uprising
* Ostryanyn uprising
* 1644 Tatar Invasion
* Khmelnytsky Uprising
* Battle of Berestechko
* Russo–Polish War of 1654–1667
* War of the Polish Succession
* War of the Bar Confederation
* Polish–Russian War of 1792
* Kościuszko Uprising

Poland partitioned|

* Denisko uprising
* Napoleonic Wars
* Peninsular War
* War of the Fourth Coalition
* Prussian campaign
* War of the Fifth Coalition
* Austro-Polish War
* War of the Sixth Coalition
* French invasion of Russia
* Greater Poland uprising (1848)
* November Uprising
* January Uprising
* World War I
* fighting in Poland on the Eastern Front

Second Republic|

* Polish–Ukrainian War
* Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)
* Polish–Czechoslovak War
* First Silesian Uprising
* Polish–Soviet War
* Battle of Warsaw
* Kiev offensive
* Second Silesian Uprising
* Polish–Lithuanian War
* Third Silesian Uprising

World War II in Poland|

* World War II
* Eastern Front
* Invasion of Poland
* Polish history, resistance, and contributions during World War II

Ghetto uprisings|

* Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
* Białystok Ghetto uprising
* Częstochowa Ghetto uprising

* Italian Campaign
* Operation Tempest
* Operation Ostra Brama
* Lwów uprising
* Warsaw Uprising

People's Republic|

* Racibórz Conflict
* Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia

Third Republic|

* War in Afghanistan
* Operation Uphold Democracy
* Iraq War
* 2003 invasion of Iraq
* Occupation of Iraq
* Russian invasion of Ukraine
* Military aid to Ukraine

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