Polish–Ottoman War (1683–1699)

1683–1699 conflict fought between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire

Polish–Ottoman War (1683–1699)

Part of Polish–Ottoman Wars and the Great Turkish War

Battle at Parkany (Štúrovo) (1683), author Juliusz Kossak
| Date| 12 September 1683 — 26 January 1699
(15 years, 4 months and 2 weeks)

|

Location|

Austria, Crimea, Hungary, Moldavia, Serbia and Ukraine

Result|  Holy League victory[2]
Treaty of Karlowitz[2]
Territorial
changes|  Ottoman Empire returned Podolia and the south of Right-bank Ukraine to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth; Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth returned Khotyn, taken in 1673, to the Principality of Moldavia, as well as Câmpulung, Soroca, Suceava and Neamț, taken in 1686 and 1691.
Belligerents

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

* Right-bank Ukraine

Zaporozhian Cossacks
Holy Roman Empire
Tsardom of Russia (1686—1700)[1]|

* Ottoman Empire
* Crimean Khanate
* Principality of Upper Hungary (until 1685)
* Transylvania
* Hungarian Kuruc Resistance

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Polish–Ottoman Wars

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Martin: Battle of Yazlovets 1684, Schleissheim Palace collection

Polish–Ottoman War (1683–1699) or the War of the Holy League refers to the Polish side of the conflict otherwise known as the Great Turkish War. The conflict begun with a great Polish victory at the Battle of Vienna in 1683, and ended with the Treaty of Karlowitz, restoring to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth lands lost in the previous Polish-Ottoman War (the Polish–Ottoman War (1672–76)). It was the last conflict between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire, and despite the Polish victory, it marked the decline of power of not only the Ottoman Empire, but also of the Commonwealth, which would never again interfere in affairs outside of its declining borders.

## War[edit]

After a few years of peace, the Ottoman Empire attacked the Habsburg Empire again. The Ottomans almost captured Vienna, but king of Poland John III Sobieski led a Christian alliance that defeated them in the Battle of Vienna which shook the Ottoman Empire's hegemony in south-eastern Europe.[3]

A new Holy League was initiated by Pope Innocent XI and encompassed the Holy Roman Empire (headed by Habsburg Austria), the Venetian Republic and Poland in 1684, joined by Tsarist Russia in 1686. Ottomans suffered two decisive defeats against the Holy Roman Empire: the second Battle of Mohács in 1687 and a decade later, in 1697, the battle of Zenta.

On the smaller Polish front, after the battles of 1683 (Vienna and Parkany), Sobieski, after his proposal for the League to start a major coordinated offensive, undertook a rather unsuccessful offensive in Moldavia in 1686, with the Ottomans refusing a major engagement and harassing the army. For the next four years Poland would blockade the key fortress at Kamenets, and Ottoman Tatars would raid the borderlands. In 1691, Sobieski undertook another expedition to Moldavia, with slightly better results, but still with no decisive victories.[4]

The last battle of the campaign was the battle of Podhajce in 1698, where Polish hetman Feliks Kazimierz Potocki defeated the Ottoman incursion into the Commonwealth. The League won the war in 1699 and forced the Ottoman Empire to sign the Treaty of Karlowitz. The Ottomans lost much of their European possessions, with Podolia (including Kamenets) returned to Poland with imposition of Austria.[3]

## Battles[edit]

Please note, these battles represent the Polish-Ottoman front only, and don't include battles of the Great Turkish War that occurred without significant participation of the Polish troops.

* Battle of Vienna (12 September 1683)
* Battle of Párkány (Slovak: Štúrovo) (7–9 October 1683)
* Battle of Reni (30 December-4 January 1684)
* Battle of Studenitsa
* Battle of Yazlovets (1684)
* Battle of Boiany (1685)
* Siege of Kamenets (Kamianets-Podilskyi) (1687)
* Battle of Novoselka (1688)
* Battle of Suceava (1690)
* Battle of Pererîta (1691)
* Battle of Târgu Neamţ (1691)
* Battle of Hodów (June 1694)
* Battle of Ustechko (Ukrainian: Устечко) (6 October 1694)
* Battle of Lwów (Lviv) (1695)
* Battle of Podhajce (8–9 September 1698)

## Notes[edit]

1. ^ see. Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700)
2. ^ a b Nolan 2008, p. 27.
3. ^ a b Polish-Ottoman War, 1683–1699 and Habsburg-Ottoman War, 1683–1699 at History of Warfare, World History at KMLA
4. ^ Polish Renaissance Warfare – Summary of Conflicts (1672–99)

## References[edit]

* Nolan, Cathal J. (2008). Wars of the Age of Louis XIV, 1650–1715: An Encyclopedia of Global Warfare. Greenwood Publishing.
* Kołodziejczyk, Dariusz (2000). Ottoman-Polish Diplomatic Relations (15th – 18th Century): An Annotated Edition of 'Ahdnames and Other Documents. Leiden – Boston –Köln: Brill.

## External links[edit]

* Christianity portal

* Polsko-Tureckie wojny at archive.today (archived February 8, 2012) (in Polish)
* Wojny polsko-tureckie, WIEM Encyklopedia (in Polish)
* Wojny polsko-tureckie w drugiej połowie XVII wieku (in Polish)

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Lithuanian wars and conflicts

Grand Duchy of Lithuania (to 1795)|

| 13th century|

* Mongol invasions of Lithuania
* Lithuanian Crusade (1283–1422)

|

14th century|

* Galicia–Volhynia Wars (1340–1392)
* Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1368–1372)
* Lithuanian Civil War (1381–1384)
* Battle of the Vikhra River
* Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392)

15th century|

* Samogitian uprisings (1401–1409)
* Lithuanian Crusade
* Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War (1409–1411)
* Battle of Grunwald
* Hunger War (1414)
* Gollub War (1422)
* Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)
* Battle of Ašmena
* Battle of Pabaiskas
* Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War (1431–1435)
* Crusade of Varna (1443–1444)
* Battle of Varna
* Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)
* 1st Muscovite–Lithuanian War (1492–1494)

16th century|

* 2nd Muscovite–Lithuanian War (1500–1503)
* 3rd Muscovite–Lithuanian War (1507–1508)
* Glinski rebellion (1508)
* 4th Muscovite–Lithuanian War (1512–1522)
* 5th Muscovite–Lithuanian War (1534–1537)
* Livonian War (1558–1583)
* Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory (1577–1582)
* Northern Seven Years' War (1563–1570)
* War of the Polish–Lithuanian Succession (1587–1588)
* Kosiński uprising (1591–1593)
* Nalyvaiko Uprising (1594–1596)

17th century|

* Moldavian Magnate Wars
* Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish wars
* War against Sigismund
* Battle of Stångebro
* Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War (1600–1629)
* Polish-Lithuanian–Swedish War (1600–1611)
* Battle of Kircholm (1605)
* Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War (1617–1618)
* Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War (1621–1625)
* Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War (1626–1629)
* Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1605–1618)
* Battle of Klushino (1610)
* Zebrzydowski rebellion (1606)
* Thirty Years' War (1618–1648)
* Battle of Humenné (1619)
* Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War (1620–1621)
* Battle of Khotyn (1621)
* 1624 Tatar Invasion
* Zhmaylo uprising (1625)
* Fedorovych uprising (1630)
* Smolensk War (1632–1634)
* Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)
* Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War (1633–1634)
* Pavlyuk uprising (1637)
* Ostryanyn uprising (1638)
* 1644 Tatar Invasion
* Khmelnytsky Uprising (1648–1657)
* Battle of Berestechko (1651)
* Russo-Polish–Lithuanian War (1654–1667)
* Second Northern War
* The Deluge
* Polish–Lithuanian–Cossack–Tatar War(1666–1671)
* Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War (1672–1676)
* Battle of Khotyn (1673)
* Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War (1683–1699)
* Lithuanian Civil War (1697–1702)

18th century|

* Great Northern War (1700–1721)
* War of the Polish–Lithuanian Succession (1733–1735)
* War of the Bar Confederation (1768–1774)
* War of 1792
* Kościuszko Uprising (1794)

Lithuania partitioned (1795–1918)|

* Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815)
* French invasion of Russia (1812)
* November Uprising (1830–1831)
* January Uprising (1863–1864)
* Revolution of 1905
* World War I (1914–1918)

Interwar Lithuania (1918–1940)|

* Lithuanian Wars of Independence
* Lithuanian–Soviet War (1918–1919)
* Polish–Lithuanian War (1919–1920)
* Klaipėda Revolt (1923)

World War II|

* June Uprising in Lithuania (1941)

Soviet occupation (1944–1990)|

* Lithuanian partisans

Restored Lithuania (since 1990)|

* Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts
* War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
* Iraq War (2003–2011)

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Polish wars and conflicts

General and related|

* Early modern warfare
* History of the Polish Army
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Piast Poland|

* Polish–Veletian War
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Mongol invasions|

* First Mongol invasion of Poland (1240/41)
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* Third Mongol invasion of Poland (1287/88)
* Battle of Legnica

Jagiellon Poland|

| Polish–Teutonic wars|

* Teutonic takeover of Danzig (Gdańsk)
* Polish–Teutonic War (1326–1332)
* Battle of Płowce
* Great War
* Battle of Grunwald
* Hunger War (1414)
* Gollub War (1422)
* Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435)
* Thirteen Years' War
* War of the Priests
* Polish–Teutonic War (1519–1521)

|

* Władysław the White's rebellion
* Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)
* Battle of Grotniki
* 1444 war against the Ottomans
* Battle of Varna
* Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)
* Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1512–1522)
* Battle of Orsha
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* Ottoman–Tatar Invasion of Lithuania and Poland

Commonwealth|

| Polish–Swedish wars|

* Livonian War
* campaign of Stephen Báthory
* Northern Seven Years' War (1563–1570)
* War against Sigismund
* Battle of Stångebro
* Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1629
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* Battle of Kircholm
* Polish–Swedish War of 1617–1618
* Polish–Swedish War of 1621–1625
* Polish–Swedish War of 1626–1629
* Second Northern War
* The Deluge
* Great Northern War

|

* Danzig rebellion
* Battle of Lubieszów
* Siege of Danzig (1577)
* War of the Polish Succession (1587–1588)
* Battle of Byczyna
* 1589 Tatar Invasion
* Kosiński uprising
* 1593 Tatar Invasion
* Nalyvaiko Uprising
* Moldavian Magnate Wars
* Polish–Muscovite War of 1605–1618
* Battle of Kłuszyn
* Zebrzydowski rebellion
* Thirty Years' War
* Battle of Humenné

Polish–Ottoman wars|

* Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)
* Polish–Ottoman War of 1620–1621
* Battle of Chocim (1621)
* Polish–Ottoman War of 1633–1634
* Polish–Cossack–Tatar War (1666–1671)
* Polish–Ottoman War of 1672–1676
* Battle of Chocim (1673)
* Great Turkish War
* War of the Holy League 1683–1699
* Battle of Vienna

* 1624 Tatar Invasion
* Zhmaylo uprising
* Fedorovych uprising
* Smolensk War
* Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)
* Pavlyuk uprising
* Ostryanyn uprising
* 1644 Tatar Invasion
* Khmelnytsky Uprising
* Battle of Berestechko
* Russo–Polish War of 1654–1667
* War of the Polish Succession
* War of the Bar Confederation
* Polish–Russian War of 1792
* Kościuszko Uprising

Poland partitioned|

* Denisko uprising
* Napoleonic Wars
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* War of the Fourth Coalition
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* War of the Sixth Coalition
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Second Republic|

* Polish–Ukrainian War
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World War II in Poland|

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Ghetto uprisings|

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Third Republic|

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