Polish tribes

Map showing the approximate location of Polish tribes

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Polish tribes

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"Polish tribes" is a term used sometimes to describe the tribes of West Slavic Lechites that lived from around the mid-6th century in the territories that became Polish with the creation of the Polish state by the Piast dynasty. The territory on which they lived became a part of the first Polish state created by duke Mieszko I and expanded at the end of the 10th century, enlarged further by conquests of king Bolesław I at the beginning of the 11th century.

In about 850 AD a list of peoples was written down by the Bavarian Geographer. Absent on the list are Lechitic-speaking Polans, Pomeranians and Masovians, who became known later and were written about by Nestor the Chronicler in his Primary Chronicle (11th/12th century).

The most important tribes who were conquered by Polans were the Masovians, Vistulans, Silesians and Pomeranians.[1] These five tribes "shared fundamentally common culture and language and were considerably more closely related to one another than were the Germanic tribes."[2]

## Ethnonym

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The name "Poland" is derived from the most powerful of the tribes — the Polans. Their name, in turn, derives from the word pole — field, and translates as "Men of the fields".[3] It was also used for the eastern Polans, a perhaps unrelated East Slavic tribe that lived in the region of the Dnieper River in Eastern Europe.

## Religion

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The Polish tribes were polytheistic pagans and worshiped a pantheon of numerous deities, each representing a different but equally important aspect of life for the Early Slavs \- such as Perun, god of lightning. Little is known about what their religion was really like, but the limited archaeological evidence as well as remnants of pagan beliefs that have survived in the folklore of Slavic countries show many similarities between the faith of Polish tribes and that of other Early Medieval Slavic societies leading historians to believe that a common Slavic mythology exists between all Slavic branches.

## Organization

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The tribes were organized on the basis of kinship groups. A tribe's territory was divided into opoles, which constituted a group of neighboring settlements.

Most members of a particular tribe were yeoman peasants, although a small group of aristocrats (nobiles or potentiores) was usually present.

## Tribes

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The following is the list of Polish tribes that inhabited the lands of Poland in the early Middle Ages, at the beginning of the Polish state. They shared fundamentally common culture and language and together they formed what is now Polish ethnicity and the culture of Poland. This process is called ethnic consolidation in which several ethnic communities of kindred origin and cognate languages, merge into a single one.[4]

The following Slavic tribes are considered as Polish:

* Polans
* Pomeranians
* Pyrzyczanie
* Wolinianie
* Goplans
* Lendians
* Masovians
* Vistulans
* Silesians
* Bieżuńczanie
* Bobrzanie
* Dziadoszanie
* Golęszyce
* Lubuszanie
* Opolanie
* Ślężanie
* Trzebowianie

## See also

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* Lechitic languages
* Polish language

## References

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1. ^ Raymond Breton, National Survival in Dependent Societies: Social Change in Canada and Poland, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1990, p. 106,ISBN 0-88629-127-5 Google Books
2. ^ John Blacking, Anna Czekanowska, Polish Folk Music: Slavonic Heritage - Polish Tradition - Contemporary Trends, Cambridge University Press, 2006, p. 3, ISBN 0-521-02797-7 Google Books
3. ^ Gloger, Zygmunt. "Plemiona lechickie i ich ziemie".
4. ^ Regina E. Holloman, Serghei A. Arutiunov, Perspectives on Ethnicity, Walter de Gruyter 1978, p. 391, ISBN 311080770X, 9783110807707 Google Books

## Further reading

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Main article: Bibliography of the history of Poland

## External links

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* West Slavic tribes between 800 and 950, Polish tribes marked in pink

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Early Slavic ethnic groups (7th–12th centuries)

East Slavs|

* Carpathian Croats
* Radimichs
* Severians
* Tivertsi
* Ulichs
* Vyatichi
* Don Slavs [ru]
* Zeriuani1
* Bolokhovians1

Dulebes|

* Buzhans
* Volhynians
* Drevlians
* Polans
* Dregoviches
* Narevyans [ru]

Northern tribes|

* Krivichs
* Polochans
* Pskov's [ru]
* Tver's
* Smolensk's
* Slovenes
* Merya2
* Muroma2

West Slavs|

| Polish tribes|

* Goplans
* Lendians
* Lubuszans [pl]
* Masovians
* Polans
* Sieradzans
* Vistulans
* Kujawians [pl]
* Wiercans [pl]
* Thafnezi [pl]

Pomeranians|

* Kashubians
* Prissani
* Wolinians
* Slovincians

Silesian tribes3|

* Bezunzans [de]
* Bobrzans
* Silesian Croats
* Dadosesani
* Golensizi
* Opolans
* Selpoli
* Silesians

Polabian tribes|

| Veleti and Lutici|

* Brizans [pl]
* Circipania
* Kessinians
* Tollensians
* Doxani
* Morzyczans [pl]
* Neletyches [pl]
* Rujani
* Redariers [pl]
* Rechans [pl]
* Sprevane
* Hevelli
* Ukrani
* Zamcici [pl]
* Zemcici [pl]

|

Obotrites|

* Bethenici
* Drevani
* Linons
* Reregs [pl]
* Smeldingi
* Wagri
* Warnabi
* Polabians

Lusatians|

* Khutices [pl]
* Glomatians
* Koledices [pl]
* Lusatians [pl]
* Milceni
* Suslowi [pl]
* Zhirmunts [pl]
* Zhitices [pl]
* Neletiches [pl]
* Nizhices [pl]
* Nishans
* Sorbs (White Serbs)

Czech tribes|

* Bohemian Croats
* Czechs
* Dechans [pl]
* Bohemian Dulebes
* Lemuzi [cs]
* Litomerici [pl]
* Luchans [cs]
* Moravians
* Merehani
* Pshovans [cs]
* Sedlichans [pl]
* Zlicans
* Hbans [uk]
* Domazhlici [ru]
* Lupiglians [pl]
* Znetalici

Slovak tribes|

* Nitrians [pl]5
* Slovaks

South Slavs|

| Bulgarian tribes|

* Union of the Seven Slavic tribes
* Southern Severians
* Smolyani
* Strymonites
* Moratsi
* Milcovci [ru]

|

in Greece and Macedonia|

* Drougoubitai
* Ezeritai
* Melingoi
* Sagudates
* Baiounitai
* Belegezites
* Berziti
* Rhynchinoi

* Alpine Slavs (Carantanians)
* Asia Minor Slavs
* Pannonian Slavs (Pannonian Dulebes)
* Croats
* Guduscani
* Narentines
* Zachlumians
* Travunians
* Kanalites
* Diokletlians
* Serbs
* Moravens
* Timochans
* Branichevci
* Praedenecenti

* Notes (ethnicity is undefined): 1 = supposedly Eastern Slavic tribes
* 2 = supposedly Finno-Ugric tribes
* 3 = some of the Silesian tribes are Germanic, for example Silings
* 5 = generally considered synonym for early medieval Slovaks

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