Politburo

Executive committee of a communist party

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Theoretical works

* Foundations of Leninism (1924)
* Dialectical and Historical Materialism (1938)
* The History of the Communist Party
of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks) (1938)
* Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR (1951)
* A Critique of Soviet Economics (1960)
* Fundamentals of Marxism–Leninism (1960)
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* Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung (1964)
* President Ho Chi Minh's Testament (1969)
* The Governance of China (2014)

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The Soviet Politburo passes a resolution to execute 346 "enemies of the CPSU and the Soviet Government" who led "counter-revolutionary, pro-Trotskyist, plotting and spying activities", signed by secretary Stalin, 17 January 1940.

A politburo (/ˈpɒlɪtbjʊəroʊ/ ⓘ) or political bureau is the highest organ of the central committee in communist parties.[1] The term is also sometimes used to refer to similar organs in socialist and Islamist parties, such as the UK Labour Party's NEC or the Political Bureau of Hamas.[2] Politburos are part of the governing structure in most former and existing states.

## Names

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The term politburo in English comes from the Russian politbyuro (политбюро), itself an abbreviation of politicheskoye byuro (политическое бюро 'political bureau'). The Spanish term Politburó is directly loaned from Russian, as is the German Politbüro. Chinese uses a calque (Chinese: 政治局; pinyin: Zhèngzhìjú), from which the Vietnamese (Bộ Chính trị 部政治), and Korean (정치국, 政治局 Jeongchiguk) terms derive.

## History

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This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2022)

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The first politburo was created in Russia by the Bolshevik Party in 1917 during the Russian Revolution that occurred during that year.[3][4] The first Politburo had seven members: Vladimir Lenin, Grigory Zinoviev, Lev Kamenev, Leon Trotsky, Joseph Stalin, Grigori Sokolnikov, and Andrei Bubnov.[5]

During the 20th century, politburos were established in most Communist states. They included the politburos of the USSR, East Germany, Afghanistan, and Czechoslovakia. Today, there are five countries that have a politburo system: China, North Korea, Laos, Vietnam, and Cuba.[6]

### Marxist–Leninist states

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This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

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In Marxist–Leninist states, the communist party claims to be the vanguard of the people, therefore the legitimate body to lead the state. The party selects officials to serve in its politburo, which decides party policy. As a one-party state, party policy invariably becomes national policy.

Each Party Congress elects a Central Committee which, in turn, elects the members of the politburo, secretariat, and a general secretary. This process is termed democratic centralism. In theory, the politburo is answerable to the Central Committee, however in practice all the authority lies with the politburo.

### Trotskyist parties

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In Trotskyist parties, the Politburo is a bureau of the Central Committee tasked with making day-to-day political decisions, which must later be ratified by the Central Committee. Its members are chosen by the Central Committee, who appoints it. The post of General Secretary carries far less weight in this model. See, for example, the Lanka Sama Samaja Party.

## See also

[edit]

* Communism portal

* Eastern Bloc politics
* Executive committee
* Orgburo
* Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
* Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party
* Politburo of the Communist Party of Cuba
* Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam
* Politburo of the Communist Party of India (Marxist)
* Politburo of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party
* Politburo of the Party of Labour of Albania
* Politburo of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan
* Politburo of the Polish United Workers' Party
* Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea
* Political Bureau of the Central Committee of FRELIMO
* Politburo of the Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front
* Presidium

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Politburo | Soviet Leadership & Decision-Making | Britannica".
2. ^ "Politburo". 21 March 2018.
3. ^ "USSR: Communist Party: Politburo". Archontology.org. Archived from the original on 5 January 2020. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
4. ^ "Politburo (Soviet political body) – Encyclopædia Britannica". Britannica.com. 24 April 2013. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
5. ^ Dmitri Volkogonov, Lenin. A New Biography, translated and edited by Harold Shukman (New York: The Free Press, 1994), p. 185.
6. ^ "A List of Current Communist Countries". Geography.about.com. 29 May 2014. Archived from the original on 16 December 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2014.

## External links

[edit]

Look up politburo in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

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Marxism–Leninism

Concepts|

* Administrative-command system
* Aggravation of class struggle under socialism
* Anti-imperialism
* Anti-fascism
* Anti-revisionism
* Central planning
* Soviet-type economic planning
* Commanding heights of the economy
* Developed socialism
* Dialectical logic
* Dialectical materialism
* Foco
* Labour aristocracy
* Marxist–Leninist atheism
* Partiinost'
* Popular front
* Proletarian internationalism
* Self-criticism
* Social fascism
* Socialism in one country
* Socialist patriotism
* Soviet
* Theory of the productive forces
* Third Period
* Wars of national liberation

State forms|

* People's democratic state
* National democratic state
* Socialist state
* State of socialist orientation
* Socialist state of the whole people

Class system|

* Dictatorship of the proletariat
* People's democratic dictatorship

Political system|

* Central committee
* Civilian control of the military
* Collective leadership
* Cult of personality
* Democratic centralism
* General Secretary of the Communist Party
* Supreme state organ of power
* Leading role of the party
* Politburo
* Secretariat
* State
* Transmission belt
* Unified power
* Vanguardism

Variants|

* Cuban
* (Fidelismo
* Guevarism)
* Ho Chi Minh Thought
* Hoxhaism
* Husakism
* Juche
* (Songun
* Kimilsungism–Kimjongilism
* Kimjongunism)
* Kadarism
* Khrushchevism
* Maoism
* (Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
* Gonzalo Thought
* Naxalism
* Prachanda Path
* Mao-spontex
* Islamic Maoism
* Pantherism
* (Intercommunalism)
* New Synthesis
* Mulelism)
* Kaysone Phomvihane Thought
* National
* Pol Potism
* African
* (Sankarism
* Machelism
* Nkrumaism)
* Socialism with Chinese characteristics
* (Dengism
* Three Represents
* Scientific Outlook on Development
* Xi Jinping Thought)
* Stalinism
* (Neo-Stalinism)
* People's Multiparty Democracy
* American
* (Bill of Rights socialism
* Browderism
* Marcyism
* New Communism)
* Dubčekism
* Zachariadism
* Brezhnevism
* Taistoism
* Titoism
* (Đilasism
* Rankovićism)

People|

* Joseph Stalin
* Mao Zedong
* John Maclean
* James Connolly
* Ernst Thälmann
* Khorloogiin Choibalsan
* Ehmetjan Qasim
* José Díaz
* Maurice Thorez
* Palmiro Togliatti
* Dolores Ibárruri
* Harry Pollitt
* Rajani Palme Dutt
* Ho Chi Minh
* Võ Nguyên Giáp
* Earl Browder
* Nikita Khrushchev
* Walter Ulbricht
* Josip Broz Tito
* Mátyás Rákosi
* Lazar Kaganovich
* Georgi Dimitrov
* Bolesław Bierut
* Willie Gallacher
* Valko Chervenkov
* Klement Gottwald
* Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
* Enver Hoxha
* Kaysone Phomvihane
* Khalid Bakdash
* Leonid Brezhnev
* Deng Xiaoping
* Pol Pot
* Nikos Zachariadis
* Che Guevara
* Fidel Castro
* Agostinho Neto
* Mengistu Haile Mariam
* Kim Il Sung
* Chin Peng
* Sanzō Nosaka
* Nicolae Ceaușescu
* Gustáv Husák
* János Kádár
* Maurice Bishop
* Erich Honecker
* Władysław Gomułka
* Samora Machel
* Thomas Sankara
* Mathieu Kérékou
* Siad Barre
* Nur Muhammad Taraki
* Alfonso Cano
* Pushpa Kamal Dahal
* Rohana Wijeweera
* Abimael Guzmán
* Gus Hall
* Gennady Zyuganov
* Xi Jinping

Theoretical works|

* Foundations of Leninism
* Dialectical and Historical Materialism
* The History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks)
* Britain's Road to Socialism
* Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR
* A Critique of Soviet Economics
* Fundamentals of Marxism–Leninism
* Guerrilla Warfare

History|

* Soviet Union (1927–1953
* 1953–1964
* 1964–1982
* 1982–1991)
* Great Break
* Collectivization in the Soviet Union
* Industrialization in the Soviet Union
* Great Purge
* Spanish Civil War
* Great Patriotic War
* Greek Civil War
* Cold War
* Eastern Bloc
* Chinese Communist Revolution
* China (1949–1976
* 1976–1989
* 1989–2002
* 2002–present)
* Tito–Stalin split
* Korean War
* De-Stalinization
* Warsaw Pact
* Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution
* Non-Aligned Movement
* Vietnam War
* Albanian–Soviet split
* Sino-Soviet split
* Hungarian Revolution of 1956
* Great Leap Forward
* Portuguese Colonial War
* Black Power movement
* Nicaraguan Revolution
* Cultural Revolution
* Prague Spring
* Naxalite insurgency
* New People's Army rebellion
* Maoist insurgency in Turkey
* Sino-Albanian split
* Internal conflict in Peru
* Nepalese Civil War
* Revolutions of 1989

By country|

* Afghanistan
* Albania
* Angola
* Benin
* Bulgaria
* Cambodia (Democratic Kampuchea
* People's Republic of Kampuchea)
* China
* Congo
* Cuba
* Czechoslovakia (Czechia
* Slovakia)
* East Germany
* Ethiopia
* Grenada
* Hungary
* Laos
* Mongolia
* Mozambique
* North Korea
* Poland
* Romania
* Somalia
* Soviet Union (Armenia
* Azerbaijan
* Byelarus
* Estonia
* Georgia
* Kazakhstan
* Kyrgyzstan
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Moldova
* Russia
* Tajikistan
* Turkmenistan
* Ukraine
* Uzbekistan)
* Vietnam
* Yemen
* Yugoslavia (Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Croatia
* Macedonia
* Montenegro
* Serbia
* Slovenia)

Organizations|

* Albanian Party of Labour
* Comecon
* Comintern
* Chinese Communist Party
* Communist Party of Brazil
* Communist Party of Cuba
* Communist Party of India
* Communist Party of India (Marxist)
* Communist Party of Kampuchea
* Communist Party of the Philippines
* Communist Party of the Russian Federation
* Communist Party of the Soviet Union
* Communist Party of Vietnam
* Communist Party of Malaya
* Indochinese Communist Party
* Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party
* Lao People's Revolutionary Party
* Nepal Communist Party
* Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
* Sandinista National Liberation Front
* Shining Path (Militarized Communist Party of Peru)
* Workers' Party of Korea
* Portuguese Communist Party

Related topics|

* Bolshevism
* Leninism
* Trotskyism

See also|

* All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
* Anti-communism (Mass killings)
* Cold War
* Crimes against humanity under Marxist–Leninist regimes (Mass killings)
* Criticism of Marxist–Leninist party rule
* MAGA Communism
* Marxist schools of thought
* National Bolshevism
* Nazi-Maoism
* New class
* Post-Marxism–Leninism
* Red fascism
* Red Scare (Second)
* Second World
* State capitalism
* State socialism
* State ideology of China
* State ideology of the Soviet Union
* Third-Worldism
* Totalitarianism

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* Communism portal
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