Political party strength in Alabama

Politics in the US state of Alabama

The following table displays, by color, the parties of elected officials in the U.S. state of Alabama from 1817 to the current year. As such, it may indicate the political party strength at any given time. The officers listed include:

* Governor
* Lieutenant governor
* Secretary of State
* Attorney general
* Comptroller of Public Accounts/State Auditor[a]
* State treasurer
* Commissioner of Agriculture and Industries

The table also indicates the historical party composition in the:

* State Senate
* State House of Representatives
* State delegation to the U.S. Senate
* State delegation to the U.S. House of Representatives

For years in which a presidential election was held, the table indicates which party's nominees received the state's electoral votes.

## 1817–1882

[edit]

Year | Executive offices | General Assembly | United States Congress | Electoral votes

|
|
|
|

Governor | Lt. Governor | Secretary
of State | Attorney
General | Auditor | Treasurer | State Senate | State House | U.S. Senate
(Class II) | U.S. Senate
(Class III) | U.S.
House
1817  | William W. Bibb (NP)[b] | no such office | no such office | no such office | Jack Ross[c] | no such bodies | no such offices | John
Crowell (DR)[d] | no electoral votes
1818  | Henry Hitchcock (DR)[e] | [?] | D majority
1819  | William W. Bibb (DR)[f] | Thomas A. Rodgers | Henry Hitchcock (DR) | Samuel Pickens | Jack Ross  | W majority  | William R. King (DR) | John Williams Walker (DR) | John
Crowell (DR)
1820  | D majority  | Monroe/
Tompkins (DR) Y
Thomas Bibb (DR)[g]
1821  | James J. Pleasants (W) | W majority  | Gabriel
Moore (DR)
1822  | Israel Pickens (DR) | John C. Perry | William Kelly (DR)
1823  | Thomas White | D majority  | 3DR
1824  | James Innes Thornton[h] | Jackson/
Calhoun (DR) N
1825  | Constantine Perkins | William R. King (J) | Henry H. Chambers (J) | 3J
1826  | John Murphy (J) | Israel Pickens (J)
1827  | John McKinley (J)
1828  | Jackson/
Calhoun (D) Y
1829  | George W. Crabb (W) | Hardin Perkins | 3J
1830  | Gabriel Moore (J)[i]
1831  | Samuel B. Moore (D)[g] | Gabriel Moore (J)
1832  | John Gayle (D) | Peter Martin[j] | Jackson/
Van Buren (D) Y
1833  | Gabriel Moore (NR) | 4J, 1N
1834  | Edmund A. Webster | William Hawn
1835  | 3J, 1N, 1NR
1836  | Clement Comer Clay (D)[i] | Thomas B. Tunstall | Alexander Meek (D)[k] | Jefferson C. Van Dyke | Van Buren/
Johnson (D) Y
1837  | John Dennis Phelan (D) | 18W, 12D, 3?  | 46W, 44D, 10?  | William R. King (D) | John McKinley (D) | 3D, 2W
Hugh McVay (D)[g] | Clement Comer Clay (D)
1838  | Arthur P. Bagby (D) | Lincoln Clarke | [?] | 45D, 33W, 22?
1839  | Matthew W. Lindsay (W) | 19D, 9W, 5?  | 66D, 31W, 3?
1840  | William Garrett (D) | Samuel Frierson | 23D, 10W  | 67D, 33W  | Van Buren/
Johnson (D) N
1841  | 20D, 13W  | 54D, 46W  | 5D
1842  | Benjamin Fitzpatrick (D) | 52D, 48W  | Arthur P. Bagby (D)
1843  | Thomas D. Clarke | 21D, 12W  | 67D, 33W  | 6D, 1W
1844  | 19D, 14W  | 62D, 38W  | Dixon H. Lewis (D) | Polk/
Dallas (D) Y
1845  | D majority  | D majority
1846  | Joshua L. Martin (ID)[l] | William Graham | 20D, 13W  | 61D, 37W, 2?
1847  | William H. Martin | 5D, 2W
1848  | Reuben Chapman (D) | Marion A. Baldwin | Joel Riggs | 17D, 16W  | 65D, 35W  | Benjamin Fitzpatrick (D) | William R. King (D) | Cass/
Butler (D) N
1849  | Jeremiah Clemens (D)
1850  | Henry W. Collier (D) | 17W, 16D  | 57D, 43W
1851  | 4D, 2W, 1U
1852  | Vincent M. Benham (D) | 22U, 11SR | 62U, 38SR | Pierce/
King (D) Y
1853  | Clement Claiborne Clay (D) | Benjamin Fitzpatrick (D) | 6D, 1W
1854  | John A. Winston (D) | 20D, 13W  | 59D, 41W
1855  | William J. Greene | 5D, 2KN
1856  | James H. Weaver | 20D, 13KN  | 61D, 39KN  | Buchanan/
Breckinridge (D) Y
1857  | 7D
1858  | Andrew B. Moore (D) | 27D, 6KN  | 84D, 16KN
1859
1860  | Patrick Henry Brittan (D) | Duncan Graham (D) | 27D, 6O  | 85D, 15O  | Breckinridge/
Lane (SD) N
1861  | vacant | vacant
1862  | John Gill Shorter (D) | American Civil War
1863
1864  | Thomas H. Watts (W)[m] | no electoral votes
1865  | Albert Stanhope Elmore[n] | John W. A. Sanford Jr. (D) | Malcolm A. Chisholm | Lyd Saxon (D)
Lewis E. Parsons (R)[o]
1866  | Robert M. Patton (W)[p] | David L. Dalton (D) | 33NP  | 100NP
1867  | Micah Taul (D) | 6R
Wager Swayne (M)[q]
1868  | Charles A. Miller (R) | Joshua Morse (R) | Arthur Bingham (R) | Grant/
Colfax (R) Y
William Hugh Smith (R)[r] | Willard Warner (R) | George E. Spencer (R)
Andrew J. Applegate (R)
1869  | Robert M. Reynolds (R) | 32R, 1D  | 97R, 3D  | 4R, 2D
1870  | Jabez J. Parker (D) | John W. A. Sanford Jr. (D) | James Grant
1871  | Robert B. Lindsay (D)[r] | Edward H. Moren (D) | 65D, 35R  | George Goldthwaite (D) | 3R, 3D
1872  | Patrick Ragland (R) | Benjamin Gardner (R) | Robert T. Smith (R) | Arthur Bingham (R) | Grant/
Wilson (R) Y
1873  | David P. Lewis (R) | Alexander McKinstry (R) | Neander H. Rice (R) | 17R, 16D[s] | 51R, 49D[t] | 6R, 2D
1874  | Rufus K. Boyd (D) | John W. A. Sanford (D) | Daniel Crawford
1875  | George S. Houston (D) | Robert F. Ligon (D) | 20D, 13R  | 60D, 40R  | 6D, 2R
1876  | Willis Brewer (D) | Tilden/
Hendricks (D) N
1877  | no such office[u] | 33D  | 80D, 20R  | John T. Morgan (D) | 8D
1878  | William W. Screws (D) | Henry Tompkins (D) | Isaac Vincent (D)
1879  | Rufus W. Cobb (D) | 31D, 2R  | 91D, 4ID, 3R, 2GB  | George S. Houston (D) | 7D, 1GB
1880  | J. Malcolm Carmichael | Luke Pryor (D) | Hancock/
English (D) N
1881  | 33D  | 94D, 4ID, 1R, 1GB  | James L. Pugh (D) | 8D
1882  | Ellis Phelan (D) | 7D, 1GB

## 1883–present

[edit]

Year | Executive offices | State Legislature | United States Congress | Electoral votes

|
|
|
|

Governor | Lt. Governor | Secretary
of State | Attorney
General | Auditor | Treasurer | Ag. Comm. | State Senate | State House | U.S. Senate
(Class II) | U.S. Senate
(Class III) | U.S. House
1883  | Edward A. O'Neal (D) | no such office[v] | Ellis Phelan (D) | Henry Tompkins (D) | J. Malcolm Carmichael | Frederick Smith | Edward C. Betts (D) | 31D, 2R  | 77D, 17I, 5R, 1GB  | John T. Morgan (D) | James L. Pugh (D) | 8D  |
1884  | Thomas McClellan (D) | Malcolm C. Burke | 7D, 1R  | Cleveland/
Hendricks (D) Y
1885  | Charles C. Langdon (D)[n] | 30D, 3R  | 93D, 7R  | 8D
1886
1887  | Thomas Seay (D) | Reuben Kolb (D) | 32D, 1R  | 83D, 17R
1888  | Cyrus D. Hogue | John Cobbs (D) | Cleveland/
Thurman (D) N
1889  | William L. Martin (D) | 92D, 8R
1890  | Joseph D. Barron (D) | 7D, 1R
1891  | Thomas G. Jones (D) | Hector D. Lane (D) | 33D  | 97D, 3R  | 8D
1892  | John Purifoy (D)[n] | J. Craig Smith (D) | Cleveland/
Stevenson (D) Y
1893  | 26D, 7Pop  | 61D, 38Pop, 1R  | 9D
1894  | James K. Jackson (D) | William C. Fitts (D)
1895  | William C. Oates (D) | 24D, 8Pop, 1R  | 65D, 34Pop, 1R  | 8D, 1Pop
1896  | Walter S. White | George Ellis (D) | Issac F. Culver (D) | 5D, 2Pop, 2R  | Bryan/
Sewall (D) N
1897  | Joseph F. Johnston (D) | 22D, 9Pop, 2R  | 74D, 23Pop, 3R  | Edmund Pettus (D) | 8D, 1Pop
1898  | Robert P. McDavid (D) | Charles G. Brown | 7D, 1Pop, 1R
1899  | 28D, 5Pop  | 89D, 10Pop, 1R  | 9D
1900  | Thomas L. Sowell (D) | J. Craig Smith (D) | Robert R. Poole (D) | Bryan/
Stevenson (D) N
William D. Jelks (D)[w] | 8D, 1R
1901  | William J. Samford (D)[f] | 32D, 1Pop  | 92D, 6Pop, 2R  | 9D
William D. Jelks (D)[x][y]
1902
1903  | Russell McWhortor
Cunningham (D)[z] | J. Thomas Heflin (D) | Massey Wilson (D) | 35D  | 103D, 2R
1904  | Edmund R. McDavid (D)[k] | Parker/
Davis (D) N
1905  | J. Malcolm Carmichael
1906
1907  | B. B. Comer (D) | Henry B. Gray (D) | Frank N. Julian (D) | Alexander M. Garber (D) | William W. Brandon (D) | Walter D. Seed Sr. (D) | Joseph A. Wilkinson (D) | 34D, 1R  | 104D, 2R  | John H. Bankhead (D) | Joseph F. Johnston (D)
1908  | Bryan/
Kern (D) N
1909
1910  | Cyrus B. Brown (D)
1911  | Emmet O'Neal (D) | Walter D. Seed Sr. (D) | Robert Brickell (D) | Charles Brooks Smith (D) | John Purifoy (D) | Reuben Kolb (D) | 103D, 3R
1912  | Wilson/
Marshall (D) Y
1913  | 10D
1914  | Francis S. White (D)
1915  | Charles Henderson (D) | Thomas Kilby (D) | John Purifoy (D) | William Logan Martin (D) | Miles C. Allgood (D) | William Lancaster (D) | James A. Wade (D) | 104D, 2R  | Oscar Underwood (D)
1916
1917
1918  | F. Lloyd Tate
Emmet S. Thigpen
1919  | Thomas Kilby (D) | Nathan Lee Miller (D) | William Peyton Cobb (D) | J. Q. Smith (D) | Henry F. Lee (D) | Robert Bradley | Miles C. Allgood (D) | 100D, 5R, 1?
1920  | B. B. Comer (D) | Cox/
Roosevelt (D) N
1921  | Harwell Goodwin Davis (D) | J. Thomas Heflin (D)
1922
1923  | William W. Brandon (D) | Charles S. McDowell (D)[aa] | Sidney H. Blan (D) | William B. Allgood (D) | George Ellis (D) | James Monroe Moore (D) | 35D  | 105D, 1R
1924  | Davis/
Bryan (D) N
1925
1926
1927  | Bibb Graves (D) | William C. Davis (D) | John M. Brandon (D) | Charlie C. McCall (D) | Sidney H. Blan (D) | William B. Allgood (D) | Samuel Dunwoody (D) | 104D, 2R  | Hugo Black (D)
1928  | Smith/
Robinson (D) N
1929
1930
1931  | Benjamin M. Miller (D) | Hugh Davis Merrill (D) | Pete Bryant Jarman Jr. (D) | Thomas E. Knight Jr. (D) | John M. Brandon (D) | Sidney H. Blan (D) | Seth Paddock Storrs (D) | 103D, 3R  | John H. Bankhead II (D)
1932  | Roosevelt/
Garner (D) Y
1933  | 9D
1934
1935  | Bibb Graves (D) | Thomas E. Knight | David Howell Turner (D) | Albert A. Carmichael (D) | Charles E. McCall (D) | John M. Brandon (D) | Robert James Goode (D) | 105D, 1R
1936
1937  | Dixie Bibb Graves (D)
1938  | J. Lister Hill (D)
1939  | Frank M. Dixon (D) | Albert A. Carmichael (D) | John M. Brandon (D) | Thomas S. Lawson (D) | David Howell Turner (D) | Charles E. McCall (D)[f] | Haygood Paterson (D)
1940  | Roosevelt/
Wallace (D) Y
1941  | Walter Lusk[n]
1942
1943  | Chauncey Sparks (D) | Leven H. Ellis (D) | David Howell Turner (D) | William N. McQueen (D) | John M. Brandon (D) | Joseph N. Poole
1944  | Sibyl Pool (D)[n] | Roosevelt/
Truman (D) Y
1945
1946  | George R. Swift (D)
1947  | Jim Folsom (D) | James C. Inzer (D) | Albert A. Carmichael (D) | Daniel H. Thomas Sr. | John M. Brandon (D) | Haygood Paterson (D) | John Sparkman (D)
1948  | Thurmond/
Wright (Dix) N
1949
1950
1951  | Gordon Persons (D) | James Allen (D) | Agnes Baggett (D) | Si Garrett (D) | John M. Brandon (D) | Sibyl Pool (D) | Frank M. Stewart (D)
1952  | Stevenson/
Sparkman (D) N
1953
1954
1955  | Jim Folsom (D) | William G. Hardwick (D) | Mary Texas Hurt Garner (D) | John M. Patterson (D) | Agnes Baggett (D) | John M. Brandon (D) | A. W. Todd (D)
1956  | Stevenson/
Kefauver (D) N
1957
1958
1959  | John M. Patterson (D) | Albert Boutwell (D) | Bettye Frink (D) | MacDonald Gallion (D) | Mary Texas Hurt Garner (D) | Agnes Baggett (D) | Robert Bamberg (D) | 106D
1960  | 6 – Byrd/
Thurmond (Dix) N
5 – Kennedy/
Johnson (D) Y
1961
1962
1963  | George Wallace (D) | James Allen (D) | Agnes Baggett (D) | Richmond Flowers Sr. (D) | Bettye Frink (D) | Mary Texas Hurt Garner (D) | A. W. Todd (D) | 104D, 2R  | 8D
1964  | Goldwater/
Miller (R) N
1965  | 5R, 3D
1966
1967  | Lurleen Wallace (D)[f] | Albert Brewer (D)[ab] | Mabel Sanders Amos (D) | MacDonald Gallion (D) | Melba Till Allen (D) | Agnes Baggett (D) | Richard Beard (D) | 34D, 1R  | 106D  | 5D, 3R
1968  | Wallace/
LeMay (AI) N
Albert Brewer (D)[ac] | vacant
1969  | James Allen (D)
1970
1971  | George Wallace (D) | Jere Beasley (D)[ad] | Bill Baxley (D) | 35D  | 104D, 2R
1972  | Marion Gilmer (D)[f] | Nixon/
Agnew (R) Y
1973  | 4D, 3R
1974  | McMillan Lane (D)[n]
1975  | Agnes Baggett (D) | Bettye Frink (D) | Melba Till Allen (D) | 105D
1976  | Carter/
Mondale (D) Y
1977  | 34D, 1I[ae]
1978  | Annie Laurie Gunter (D)[n] | Maryon Pittman Allen (D)
1979  | Fob James (D) | George McMillan (D) | Don Siegelman (D) | Charles Graddick (D) | 35D  | 101D, 4R  | Howell Heflin (D) | Donald Stewart (D)
1980  | Reagan/
Bush (R) Y
1981  | Jeremiah Denton (R)
1982
1983  | George Wallace (D) | Bill Baxley (D) | Jan Cook (D) | Albert McDonald (D) | 32D, 3R  | 97D, 8R  | 5D, 2R
32D, 4R[af]
1984  | 29D, 4R, 2I  | 87D, 18R
1985
1986
1987  | H. Guy Hunt (R)[ag] | Jim Folsom Jr. (D) | Glen Browder (D) | Don Siegelman (D) | George Wallace Jr. (D) | 30D, 5R  | 89D, 16R  | Richard Shelby (D)
1988  | Bush/
Quayle (R) Y
1989  | Fred Crawford (R)[k] | 27D, 8R[ah] | 82D, 23R
1990  | Perry A. Hand (R)[k]
1991  | Billy Joe Camp (D) | Jimmy Evans (D) | Terry Ellis (D) | A. W. Todd (D) | 28D, 7R
1992  | Bush/
Quayle (R) N
1993  | 27D, 8R  | 4D, 3R
Jim Folsom Jr. (D)[ac] | vacant | James R. Bennett (D)[n]
1994
1995  | Fob James (R) | Don Siegelman (D) | Jeff Sessions (R)[ai] | Pat Duncan (R) | Lucy Baxley (D) | Jack Thompson (R) | 23D, 12R  | 73D, 32R  | Richard Shelby (R)[aj]
1996  | Dole/
Kemp (R) N
1997  | William H. Pryor Jr. (R)[n] | 71D, 34R[ak] | Jeff Sessions (R)[al] | 5R, 2D
1998  | 21D, 14R[am] | 68D, 37R[an]
1999  | Don Siegelman (D) | Steve Windom (R) | James R. Bennett (R)[ao] | Susan Parker (D) | Charles Bishop (D) | 23D, 12R  | 69D, 36R
2000  | 24D, 11R[ap] | Bush/
Cheney (R) Y
2001  | 68D, 37R[aq]
2002  | 67D, 38R[ar]
2003  | Bob Riley (R) | Lucy Baxley (D) | Nancy Worley (D) | Beth Chapman (R) | Kay Ivey (R) | Ron Sparks (D) | 25D, 10R  | 63D, 42R[as]
2004
Troy King (R)[n]
2005
2006  | 62D, 43R[at]
2007  | Jim Folsom Jr. (D) | Beth Chapman (R) | Samantha Shaw (R) | 23D, 12R
2008  | 22D, 13R[au] | McCain/
Palin (R) N
2009  | 21D, 13R, 1I[av] | 4R, 3D
2010  | 20D, 14R, 1I[aw] | 60D, 45R[ax] | 5R, 2D[ay]
2011  | Robert J. Bentley (R)[az] | Kay Ivey (R) | Luther Strange (R)[ai] | Young Boozer (R) | John McMillan (R) | 22R, 12D, 1I  | 66R, 39D[ba] | 6R, 1D
2012  | Romney/
Ryan (R) N
2013  | 23R, 11D, 1I[bb] | 66R, 38D, 1I[bc]
James R. Bennett (R)
2014  | 67R, 37D, 1I[bd]
2015  | John Merrill (R) | Jim Zeigler (R) | 26R, 8D, 1I  | 72R, 33D
2016  | Trump/
Pence (R) Y
2017  | Steve Marshall (R)[k] | Luther Strange (R)[k]
Kay Ivey (R)[ac] | vacant
2018  | Doug Jones (D)[be]
2019  | Will Ainsworth (R) | John McMillan (R) | Rick Pate (R) | 27R, 8D  | 77R, 28D
2020  | Trump/
Pence (R) N
2021  | Tommy Tuberville (R)
2022  | Young Boozer (R)
2023  | Wes Allen (R) | Andrew Sorrell (R) | Katie Britt (R)
2024  | 76R, 29D[bf] | Trump/
Vance (R) Y
2025  | 5R, 2D
Key to party colors and abbreviations for members of the U.S. Congress and other politicians or officials  | Alaskan Independence (AKIP)

Know Nothing (KN)
American Labor (AL)
Anti-Jacksonian (Anti-J)
National Republican (NR)
Anti-Administration (AA)
Anti-Masonic (Anti-M)
Conservative (Con)
Covenant (Cov)
| Democratic (D)

Democratic–Farmer–Labor (DFL)
Democratic–NPL (D-NPL)
Dixiecrat (Dix),
States' Rights (SR)
Democratic-Republican (DR)
Farmer–Labor (FL)
Federalist (F)
Pro-Administration (PA)
| Free Soil (FS)

Fusion (Fus)
Greenback (GB)
Independence (IPM)
Independent Democrat (ID)
Independent Republican (IR)
Jacksonian (J)
Liberal (Lib)
| Libertarian (L)

National Union (NU)
Nonpartisan League (NPL)
Nullifier (N)
Opposition Northern (O)
Opposition Southern (O)
Populist (Pop)
Progressive (Prog)
| Prohibition (Proh)

Readjuster (Rea)
Republican (R)
Silver (Sv)
Silver Republican (SvR)
Socialist (Soc)
Union (U)
Unconditional Union (UU)
| Vermont Progressive (VP)

Whig (W)
Independent (I)
Nonpartisan (NP)

1. ^ With the adoption of the state Constitution of 1819, the auditor became the comptroller of public accounts elected annually by a joint vote of both houses of the General Assembly. The Constitution of 1868 changed the title of the office to auditor and established a process by which the officeholder would be chosen by the electors of the state every four years.
2. ^ Governor of Alabama Territory appointed by President James Monroe.
3. ^ Treasurer of Alabama Territory.
4. ^ Delegate from Alabama Territory.
5. ^ Secretary of Alabama Territory.
6. ^ a b c d e Died in office.
7. ^ a b c As president of the state senate, filled unexpired term.
8. ^ Resigned.
9. ^ a b Resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate.
10. ^ Resigned following appointment to the Circuit Court bench.
11. ^ a b c d e f Appointed to fill a vacancy.
12. ^ Democrat who opposed party leaders and ran as an independent.
13. ^ Arrested by Union forces soon after the American Civil War ended in May 1865; was released a few weeks later.
14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Initially appointed to fill vacancy, later elected in his own right.
15. ^ Provisional governor appointed by the Union occupation; between Watts's arrest and Parsons' appointment, Alabama had no governor, instead being under direct rule of General George Henry Thomas.
16. ^ The United States Congress stripped Patton of most of his authority in March 1867, after which time the state was effectively under the control of Major General Wager Swayne.
17. ^ Military governor appointed during Reconstruction; though Patton was still officially governor, he was mostly a figurehead. The term start date given is the date of the first of the Reconstruction Acts, which placed Alabama into the Third Military District; all references only say "March 1867."
18. ^ a b Robert Lindsay was sworn into office on November 26, 1870, but William H. Smith refused to leave his seat for two weeks, claiming Lindsay was fraudulently elected, finally leaving office on December 8, 1870, when a court so ordered.
19. ^ Initial returns showed a 19-14 Democratic majority, but was overturned in a series of contests through March 1873.
20. ^ Initial returns showed a 54-46 Democratic majority, but was overturned in a series of contests through March 1873.
21. ^ Position of lieutenant governor was eliminated in 1875, effective at the end of the then-present term in November 1876, and was reestablished upon the adoption of the Alabama Constitution in 1901.
22. ^ Position of lieutenant governor was eliminated in 1875, effective at the end of the then-present term in November 1876, and was reestablished upon the adoption of the Alabama Constitution in 1901.
23. ^ Acting governor for 26 days. Jelks was president of the state Senate when William J. Samford was out of state at the start of his term seeking medical treatment.
24. ^ As president of the state Senate, filled unexpired term and was subsequently elected in his or her own right.
25. ^ Gubernatorial terms were increased from two to four years during Jelks' governorship; his first term was filling out Samford's two-year term, and he was subsequently elected in 1902 for a four-year term.
26. ^ Acting governor from April 25, 1904 until March 5, 1905 while Jelks was out of state for medical treatment.
27. ^ Acting governor for two days—July 10 and 11, 1924—while Brandon was out of state for 21 days as a delegate to the 1924 Democratic National Convention.
28. ^ Wallace left the state for 20 days for medical treatment; as lieutenant governor, Brewer became acting governor on July 25, 1967. Wallace returned to the state later that day.
29. ^ a b c As lieutenant governor, filled unexpired term.
30. ^ Acting governor for 32 days, from June 5 until July 7, 1972. Beasley was lieutenant governor when Wallace spent 52 days in Maryland for medical treatment following an assassination attempt while campaigning for president of the United States.
31. ^ Independent Oscar Peden was elected in a February 1977 special election.
32. ^ Larry Dixon switched from the Democratic Party to the Republican Party in advance of the 1983 special election.[1]
33. ^ Removed from office upon being convicted of illegally using campaign and inaugural funds to pay personal debts; he was later pardoned by the state parole board based on innocence.
34. ^ Sens. John Amari, Frank "Butch" Ellis, and John Rice switched parties from Democratic to Republican.[2]
35. ^ a b Resigned to accept U.S. Senate seat.
36. ^ Switched parties from Democratic to Republican in November 1994.
37. ^ Reps. H. Mac Gipson and Ronald "Ron" Johnson switch parties from Democratic to Republican.
38. ^ Resigned to become United States Attorney General.
39. ^ Sens. Chip Bailey and Steve Windom switched parties from Democratic to Republican before the 1998 session.
40. ^ Reps. Gerald Allen, Steve Flowers, and Tim Parker Jr. switch parties from Democrat to Republican.[3]
41. ^ Bennett ran as a Democrat in 1994 and as a Republican in 1998. He might have switched parties between those elections.
42. ^ Sen. Jeff Enfinger switched parties from Republican to Democratic.[4]
43. ^ A Republican won a special election, flipping a seat from the Democrats.
44. ^ Rep. Blaine Galliher switched parties from Democratic to Republican.[5]
45. ^ Rep. Johnny Ford switched parties from Democratic to Republican right after the election, becoming the first black Republican legislator in Alabama in over a century. He resigned in 2004 and was succeeded by Democrat Pebblin Warren before the 2005 session. At the same time, Republican Nick Williams succeed longtime Democratic Rep. Jeff Dolbare in a special election, leaving the overall House partisan composition unchanged.[6][7][8]
46. ^ Democratic Rep. Jack Venable died, and was succeeded by Republican Barry Mask, flipping the seat from Democratic to Republican.[9]
47. ^ Sen. Jimmy Holley switched parties from Democratic to Republican.[10]
48. ^ Paul Sanford succeeded Parker Griffith after he resigned to take a Congressional seat, flipping a seat from Democratic to Republican. Sen. Harri Anne Smith was thrown out by the Republicans and became an Independent at around the same time after crossing party lines to endorse Democrat Bobby Bright in his successful run for Congress.
49. ^ Sen. Jim Preuitt switched parties from Democratic to Republican in the lead-up to the general election.
50. ^ Democratic Reps. Sue Schmitz and Lea Fite resigned and died, and were succeeded in special elections by Republicans Phil Williams and K. L. Brown, respectively, before the 2010 session.
51. ^ Rep. Parker Griffith switched parties from Democratic to Republican.
52. ^ Resigned per the terms of a plea deal after being convicted of using state resources to facilitate and conceal an extramarital affair with a former staffer.
53. ^ Four representatives, Alan Boothe, Steve Hurst, Mike Millican, and Lesley Vance, switched parties from Democratic to Republican right after the election. Between the 2011 and 2012 sessions Rep. Daniel Boman switched parties from Republican to Democratic, and Rep. Alan Harper switched parties from Democratic to Republican, leaving the partisan composition of the House overall the same.
54. ^ Sen. Jerry Fielding switched parties from Democratic to Republican.
55. ^ Rep. Richard Laird switched parties from Democratic to Independent, and caucused with the Republicans.
56. ^ Rep. Charles Newton switched parties from Democratic to Republican.[11]
57. ^ Winner of the special election to fill the remainder of Jeff Sessions's term
58. ^ Republican Rep. David Cole resigned and was succeeded by Democratic Rep. Marilyn Lands following a special election, flipping the seat from Republican to Democratic.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Party Switch". The Mobile Register. 11 August 1983. Retrieved 10 July 2025.
2. ^ "Birmingham state senator switches to Republicans". The Gadsden Times. 1989-02-08. Retrieved 2017-04-20.
3. ^ Stevenson, Tommy (2002-01-06). "After 12 years, Parker won't seek 4th term". The Tuscaloosa News. Retrieved 2017-04-20.
4. ^ Strope, Leigh (2000-05-14). "Democrats warm to idea of Republicans jumping ship". Tuscaloosa News. Retrieved 2017-04-20.
5. ^ Beyerle, Dana (2001-09-07). "Galliher makes party switch official". The Gadsden Times. Retrieved 2017-04-20.
6. ^ [1][dead link]
7. ^ Beyerle, Dana (2005-02-15). "New Republican PAC files finance report after deadline". The Tuscaloosa News. Retrieved 2017-04-20.
8. ^ Yoshinaka, Antoine (2016). Crossing the Aisle: Party Switching by U.S. Legislators in the Postwar Era. Cambridge University Press. p. 88\. ISBN 9781107115897. Retrieved 2017-04-20.
9. ^ "Mask's win a sign of things to come". Shelby County Reporter. 2006-03-07. Retrieved 2017-04-20.
10. ^ Cook, Jim (2008-01-11). "Jimmy Holley switches to Republican party". Dothan Eagle. Retrieved 2017-04-20.
11. ^ Lyman, Brian (2014-02-07). "Charles Newton, longtime Democratic representative, switches to GOP". Montgomery Advertiser. Retrieved 2017-04-20.

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