Political scandal

Action or event regarded as morally or legally wrong and causing general public outrage

Political corruption

Forms and concepts

* Abuse of power
* Bribery
* Censorship
* Banned politics
* Political repression
* Political violence
* Cronyism
* Economics of corruption
* Election interference
* Electoral fraud
* Elite capture
* Influence peddling
* Insider trading
* Iron triangle
* Judicial
* Kleptocracy
* In local government
* Mafia state
* Malfeasance
* Misfeasance
* Nepotism
* Politically exposed person
* Pyrrhic defeat theory
* Revolving door
* Political machine
* Political scandal
* Slush fund
* Simony
* Suspicious activity report
* State capture
* State-corporate crime
* Throffer

Anti-corruption

* International Anti-Corruption Court
* Group of States Against Corruption
* International Anti-Corruption Academy
* International Anti-Corruption Day
* United Nations Convention against Corruption

Corruption by country
|  Africa

* Algeria
* Angola
* Botswana
* Burkina Faso
* Cameroon
* Cape Verde
* Central African Republic
* Chad
* Comoros
* Côte d'Ivoire
* Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Egypt
* Equatorial Guinea
* Eritrea
* Ethiopia
* Gambia
* Ghana
* Guinea-Bissau
* Kenya
* Lesotho
* Liberia
* Libya
* Madagascar
* Malawi
* Mali
* Mauritius
* Morocco
* Namibia
* Niger
* Nigeria
* Rwanda
* Senegal
* Seychelles
* Sierra Leone
* Somalia
* South Africa
* South Sudan
* Sudan
* Tanzania
* Togo
* Tunisia
* Uganda
* Zambia
* Zimbabwe

Asia

* Afghanistan
* Armenia
* Azerbaijan
* Bahrain
* Bangladesh
* Bhutan
* Brunei
* Cambodia
* China
* Cyprus
* Georgia
* India
* Indonesia
* Iran
* Iraq
* Israel
* Japan
* Jordan
* Kuwait
* Kyrgyzstan
* Kazakhstan
* Lebanon
* Malaysia
* Maldives
* Mongolia
* Myanmar
* Nepal
* North Korea
* Oman
* Palestine
* Pakistan
* Philippines
* Singapore
* South Korea
* Sri Lanka
* Syria
* Taiwan
* Tajikistan
* Thailand
* Timor-Leste
* Turkey
* Turkmenistan
* United Arab Emirates
* Uzbekistan
* Vietnam
* Yemen

Europe

* Albania
* Andorra
* Austria
* Belgium
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Finland
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Iceland
* Ireland
* Italy
* Kosovo
* Latvia
* Liechtenstein
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Moldova
* Monaco
* Montenegro
* Netherlands
* North Macedonia
* Northern Ireland
* Norway
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Russia
* San Marino
* Serbia
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom

North America

* Canada
* Mexico
* United States

Central America

* Costa Rica
* Cuba
* El Salvador
* Haiti
* Honduras
* Nicaragua

South America

* Argentina
* Bolivia
* Brazil
* Chile
* Colombia
* Ecuador
* Guyana
* Paraguay
* Peru
* Suriname
* Uruguay
* Venezuela

Oceania

* Australia
* Fiji
* Micronesia
* New Zealand
* Palau
* Papua New Guinea
* Samoa

* v
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In politics, a political scandal is an action or event regarded as morally or legally wrong and causing general public outrage. Politicians, government officials, party officials and lobbyists can be accused of various illegal, corrupt, unethical or sexual practices.[1] Politicians and officials who are embroiled in scandals are more likely to retire or get lower vote shares.[2][3]

In the spring of 1904, many parts of the Northeastern United States experienced severe flooding. Bob Satterfield portrayed politicians, bureaucrats, etc., trapped in the floods – which are not of water, but of scandal (April 9, 1904).

## Journalism

[edit]

Scandal sells, and broadsides, pamphlets, newspapers, magazines and the electronic media have covered it in depth. The Muckraker movement in American journalism was a component of the Progressive Era in the U.S. in the early 20th century. Journalists have built their careers on exposure of corruption and political scandal, often acting on behalf of the opposition party.[4]

The political ideology of media owners plays a role—they prefer to target the opposition but will reluctantly cover their own side.[5][6] Journalists have to frame the story in terms of the audience's values and expectations to maximize the impact.[7]

## Lists by country

[edit]

Nathan confronts David over his sex scandal with Bathsheba the wife of Uriah the Hittite, saying "by this deed you have given occasion to the enemies of the LORD to blaspheme" (2 Samuel 12:14).

* All pages with titles containing Political scandals
* Albania – Political scandals of Albania
* Argentina – List of political scandals in Argentina
* Australia – List of Australian political controversies
* Austria – List of political scandals in Austria
* Belgium – Belgian political scandals
* Belize – List of political scandals in Belize
* Canada – List of Canadian political scandals
* Chile – Chilean political scandals
* Colombia – Colombian parapolitics scandal
* European Union – Qatar corruption scandal at the European Parliament
* France – French political scandals
* Germany – German political scandals
* Iceland – Icelandic political scandals
* India – Indian political scandals
* Ireland – Irish political scandals
* Italy – Italian political scandals
* Japan – Black Mist Scandal (Japanese politics)
* Lithuania – Corruption in Lithuania
* Malaysia – List of scandals in Malaysia
* New Zealand – List of political scandals in New Zealand
* Philippines – List of political scandals in the Philippines
* Poland - List of political scandals in Poland
* Slovakia – List of Slovak political scandals
* Slovenia – 1975 Zaliv Scandal
* South Korea – Political scandals in South Korea
* Switzerland - Secret files scandal
* Ukraine – List of political scandals in Ukraine
* United Kingdom – List of political scandals in the United Kingdom
* United States – List of federal political scandals in the United States

## See also

[edit]

* Deviancy amplification spiral
* Mass media
* Moral panic
* Sensationalism
* Sex scandal

## References

[edit]

1. ^ King, 1984
2. ^ Gulati, Jeff; Brown, Lara M. (2 January 2021). "The Personal is Political: Reconsidering the Impact of Scandals on Congressional Incumbents". Congress & the Presidency. 48 (1): 25–49\. doi:10.1080/07343469.2020.1788665. ISSN 0734-3469. S2CID 232223414.
3. ^ Rottinghaus, Brandon (2023). "Do Scandals Matter?". Political Research Quarterly. doi:10.1177/10659129231185532. ISSN 1065-9129. S2CID 259609431.
4. ^ Achter, P. J. (2000). "Narrative, intertextuality, and apologia in contemporary political scandals. Southern Journal of Communication, 65(4), 318–333.
5. ^ Puglisi, R., & Snyder, J. M. Jr. (2011). "Newspaper Coverage of Political Scandals", Journal of Politics 73(3), 1–20.
6. ^ Thompson, J. B. (1997). "Scandal and social theory" in J. Lull & S. Hinerman (Eds.), Media scandals: Morality and desire in the popular culture marketplace pp. 34–64). (Cambridge, England: Polity Press).
7. ^ Yioutas, J., & Segvic, I. (2003). "Revisiting the Clinton/Lewinsky scandal: The convergence of agenda setting and framing." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 80(3), 567–582.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Canel, Maria Jose and Karen Sanders. Morality Tales: Political Scandals and Journalism in Britain and Spain in the 1990s (2005)
* Dagnes, Alison and Mark Sachleben. "Scandal! An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Consequences, Outcomes, and Significance of Political Scandals" (Bloomsbury 2013)
* Dziuda, Wioletta; Howell, William G. 2020. "Political Scandal: A Theory." American Journal of Political Science.
* Fisher, Trevor. Scandal: Sexual Politics of Late Victorian Britain (1995)
* Giroux, Gary. Business Scandals, Corruption, and Reform: An Encyclopedia (2013)
* Grossman, Mark. Political Corruption in America: An Encyclopedia of Scandals, Power, and Greed (2008)
* Heidenheimer, Arnold and M. Johnston. Political corruption: Concepts and contexts (2002)
* King, Anthony. Sex, Money and Power: Political Scandals in Great Britain and the United States (1984)
* Kohn, George C. The New Encyclopedia of American Scandal (2000)
* MacMullen, Ramsay. Corruption and the Decline of Rome (1990)
* Scott, James C. Comparative political corruption (1972)
* Temple, Kathryn. Scandal Nation: Law and Authorship in Britain, 1750–1832 (2002)

## External links

[edit]

* Media related to Political scandals at Wikimedia Commons

* v
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* e

Corruption

Corruption in different fields|

* Corporate crime
* Corruption in local government
* Interest group corruption
* Police corruption
* Political corruption

Measures of corruption|

* Corruption Perceptions Index
* Economics of corruption

Forms or aspects
of corruption|

| General|

* Baksheesh
* Black market / Grey market
* Bribery
* Collusion
* Commercial bribery
* Conflict of interest
* Corporation
* Dummy
* Shell
* Confidence trick
* Embezzlement
* Extortion
* Fraud
* Graft (politics)
* Honest services fraud
* Insider trading
* Kickback
* Match fixing
* Money laundering
* Cryptocurrency and crime
* Hawala and crime
* Noble cause corruption
* Professional courtesy
* Scandal
* Slush fund
* Tax evasion
* Tax haven
* Offshore investment
* Offshore financial centre

|

State|

* Clientelism
* Coronelism
* Crony capitalism
* Cronyism
* Elite capture
* Failed state
* Ghost soldiers
* Kleptocracy
* Mafia state
* Nepotism
* Plutocracy
* Political scandal
* Regulatory capture
* Rent-seeking
* Rent-setting
* State capture
* State crime

Elections|

* Ballot stuffing
* Electoral fraud
* Election security
* Gerrymandering
* Unfair
* Vote pairing
* Vote suppression

Institutions dealing
with corruption|

| International|

* Global Financial Integrity
* Global Witness
* Group of States Against Corruption
* International Anti-Corruption Academy
* Mo Ibrahim Foundation
* Transparency International
* UNCAC Coalition of Civil Society Organisations

|

National|

* Oficina Anticorrupción (Argentina)
* Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission
* Anti-Corruption Commission (Bangladesh) (Bangladesh)
* Anti-corruption and Economic Malpractice Observatory (Burundi)
* National Anti-Corruption Observatory (Cameroon)
* National Supervisory Commission (China)
* Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)
* Commission Against Corruption (Macau)
* USKOK (Croatia)
* European Anti-Fraud Office (European Union)
* Fiji Independent Commission Against Corruption
* Central Vigilance Commission (India)
* KPK (Indonesia)
* National Anti-Corruption Authority (Italy)
* Corruption Prevention and Combating Bureau (Latvia)
* Governance and Economic Management Assistance Program (Liberia)
* Special Investigation Service of the Republic of Lithuania
* BIANCO (Madagascar)
* Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission
* Anti-Corruption Commission of Myanmar (Myanmar)
* Independent Corrupt Practices Commission (Nigeria)
* National Accountability Bureau (Pakistan)
* Investigation Task Force Sweep (Papua New Guinea)
* Central Anticorruption Bureau (Poland)
* Anti-Corruption General Directorate (Romania)
* National Anticorruption Directorate (Romania)
* Investigative Committee of Russia (Russia)
* Sierra Leone Anti-corruption Commission
* Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau (Singapore)
* Commission for the Prevention of Corruption of the Republic of Slovenia
* Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission (South Korea)
* Servicio de Vigilancia Aduanera (Spain)
* National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine (Ukraine)
* Warioba Commission (Tanzania)
* Central Steering Committee for Anti-Corruption (Vietnam)

Anti-corruption|

| Laws and
enforcement|

* Citizen's Charter and Grievance Redressal Bill 2011 (pending)
* Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
* Foreign Extortion Prevention Act
* Freedom of information laws by country
* The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013
* UK Bribery Act of 2010
* Whistleblower protection

|

International
instruments
and efforts|

* Inter-American Convention Against Corruption
* International asset recovery
* International Association of Anti-Corruption Authorities
* OECD Anti-Bribery Convention
* United Nations Convention against Corruption

Protest
movements|

* 2011 Azerbaijani protests
* 2011 Indian anti-corruption movement
* 2012 Indian anti-corruption movement
* Anti-austerity movement in Spain
* Movement for Peace with Justice and Dignity
* Russian anti-corruption campaign
* Yo Soy 132
* 2017–2019 Romanian protests
* 2017–2018 Russian protests

Authority control databases

National|

* Germany
* Czech Republic

Other|

* Yale LUX

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