Politics of Punjab, India

Politics of the contemporary Indian state of Punjab (1967–present)

Politics in reorganised present-day Punjab is dominated by mainly three parties – Indian National Congress, Aam Aadmi Party and Shiromani Akali Dal (Badal).[1][2] Since 1967, Chief Minister of Punjab has been predominantly from Jat Sikh community despite its 21 percent state population.[3][4][5] Exceptions are Giani Zail Singh, the Chief Minister of Punjab from 17 March 1972 to 30 April 1977 belonging to Ramgarhia community[6][7] that has population of 6 percent and is a part of significant OBC community having population of 31.3 percent in the state and Charanjit Singh Channi who held the position for 111 days from 20 September 2021 to 16 March 2022 and was from Scheduled Caste(Dalit) who have 32 percent population in the state.[8][9] Other prominent party is Bahujan Samaj Party especially in Doaba region[10][11][12][13] founded by Kanshi Ram of Rupnagar district.[14] In 1992 BSP won 9 seats Vidhan Sabha elections.[15] Also BSP won 3 lok sabha seats from Punjab in 1996 general elections[16] [17] and only Garhshanker seat in 1997 Vidhan Sabha elections.[18] Communist parties too have some influence in the Malwa area.[19] In the 2014 general elections, the first-time contesting Aam Aadmi Party got 4 out of 13 seats in Punjab by winning 34 of the total 117 assembly segments, coming second in 7, third in 73 and fourth in the rest 3 segments.[20] The support for the Aam Aadmi Party increased later in Punjab.[21][22] The current Government was elected in the 2022 Punjab Assembly elections and the AAP won 92 out of 117 Assembly seats with Bhagwant Mann as the Chief Minister. The Congress flows down to get only 18 seats.

## History

[edit]

### Pre-1947 period

[edit]

See also: 1907 Punjab unrest

Before 1947 partition of Punjab, politics were dominated by Unionist Party as it was main party in united Punjab especially seen in 1937 elections.[23][24]

### 1947–1966

[edit]

See also: Punjabi Suba movement

During 1947-1966 Punjab was undivided and consisted of present-day Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, and Chandigarh.[25] This meant that both population and religion factor of whole state was mixed and politics were dominated by Indian National Congress.[26][27][28][29]

## Political parties

[edit]

Punjab has many political parties but only eight parties recognized by Election Commission of India and having presence in the state:

* National parties in Punjab
* Indian National Congress
* Bharatiya Janata Party
* Bahujan Samaj Party[30][31]
* Aam Aadmi Party[32]
* Communist Party of India (Marxist) (Limited presence in Punjab)
* Recognized state parties in Punjab
* Shiromani Akali Dal[33]
* Other Parties
* Communist Party of India (Limited presence in Punjab)
* Punjab Seva Dal (Beant Singh Bhullar)
* Lok Insaaf Party
* Shiromani Akali Dal (Simranjit Singh Mann)
* Jai Jawan Jai Kisan Party
* Revolutionary Marxist Party of India
* Alliances in Punjab
* National Democratic Alliance
* Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance

## Maps

[edit]

### Punjab in Map of India

[edit]

Punjab is situated in Northern India and shares its boundary with three states – Rajasthan, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh and with two Union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Chandigarh. It also shares its border with Pakistan.

Punjab

The election Schedule will declare by Election Commission of India on the reasonable time.[34]

Last year election dates were announced on 4 January and polling was completed on 4 February 2017. Results were declared on 11 March 2017.

### Map of Punjab

[edit]

Punjab has 23 districts (Malerkotla is the 23rd District, carved out from Sangrur District in May, 2021) and is divided into 4 regions, having 117 total constituencies.

All the 23 districts of Punjab along with their headquarters.

1. Majha region have 4 district and 25 Assembly constituencies
2. Doaba is the smallest region with 23 assembly constituencies and 4 districts
3. Malwa is the biggest region with 15 districts (including 3 districts in Puadh region) and 69 assembly constituencies
4.   5. 34 seats are reserved for Scheduled Castes and Punjab have no reservation for ST community.

### Legislative Assembly Seats Map

[edit]

This year Punjab will see Major Fight between Indian National Congress, Shiromani Akali Dal and Aam Aadmi Party and Punjab Democratic Alliance.

34 Seats are Reserved for SC's and 83 are unreserved out of 117 assembly Constituencies of Punjab

### Region and District wise list of Assembly constituencies

[edit]

This map shows the Districts and Assembly constituencies in the District S. No.  | Region  | District  | AC No.  | Assembly Constituency

|
|
|
|

1. | MAJHA
1\.  | MAJHA | Pathankot | 1  | Sujanpur
2\.  | Pathankot | 2  | Bhoa
3\.  | Pathankot | 3  | Pathankot
4\.  | Gurdaspur | 4  | Gurdaspur
5\.  | Gurdaspur | 5  | Dina Nagar
6\.  | Gurdaspur | 6  | Qadian
7\.  | Gurdaspur | 7  | Batala
8\.  | Gurdaspur | 8\.  | Sri Hargobindpur
9\.  | Gurdaspur | 9  | Fatehgarh Churian
10\.  | Gurdaspur | 10  | Dera Baba Nanak
11\.  | Sri Amritsar Sahib | 11  | Ajnala
12\.  | Sri Amritsar Sahib | 12  | Raja Sansi
13\.  | Sri Amritsar Sahib | 13  | Majitha
14\.  | Sri Amritsar Sahib | 15  | Amritsar North
15\.  | Sri Amritsar Sahib | 16  | Amritsar West
16\.  | Sri Amritsar Sahib | 17  | Amritsar Central
17\.  | Sri Amritsar Sahib | 18  | Amritsar East
18\.  | Sri Amritsar Sahib | 19  | Amritsar South
19\.  | Sri Amritsar Sahib | 20  | Attari
20\.  | Sri Amritsar Sahib | 14  | Jandiala
21\.  | Tarn Taran Sahib | 21  | Tarn Taran
22\.  | Sri Tarn Taran Sahib | 22  | Khem Karan
23\.  | Sri Tarn Taran Sahib | 23  | Patti
24\.  | Sri Tarn Taran Sahib | 24  | Khadoor Sahib
25\.  | Sri Amritsar Sahib | 25  | Baba Bakala
2. | DOABA
26\.  | DOABA | Kapurthala | 27  | Kapurthala
27\.  | Kapurthala | 28  | Sultanpur Lodhi
28\.  | Kapurthala | 29\.  | Phagwara
29\.  | Jalandhar | 30  | Phillaur
30\.  | Jalandhar | 31  | Nakodar
31\.  | Jalandhar | 32  | Shahkot
32\.  | Jalandhar | 33  | Kartarpur
33\.  | Jalandhar | 34  | Jalandhar West
34\.  | Jalandhar | 35  | Jalandhar Central
35\.  | Jalandhar | 36  | Jalandhar North
36\.  | Jalandhar | 37  | Jalandhar Cantt.
37\.  | Jalandhar | 38  | Adampur
38\.  | Kapurthala | 26  | Bholath
39\.  | Hoshiarpur | 39  | Mukerian
40\.  | Hoshiarpur | 40  | Dasuya
41\.  | Hoshiarpur | 41  | Urmar
42\.  | Hoshiarpur | 42  | Sham Chaurasi
43\.  | Hoshiarpur | 43  | Hoshiarpur
44\.  | Hoshiarpur | 44  | Chabbewal
45\.  | Hoshiarpur | 45  | Garhshankar
46\.  | NawanShahr | 46  | Banga
47\.  | NawanShahr | 47  | Nawanshahr
48\.  | NawanShahr | 48  | Balachaur
3. | MALWA
49\.  | MALWA | Rupnagar | 49  | Anandpur Sahib
50\.  | Rupnagar | 50  | Rupnagar
51\.  | Rupnagar | 51  | Chamkaur Sahib
52\.  | Mohali | 52  | Kharar
53\.  | Mohali | 53  | S.A.S. Nagar
54\.  | Ludhiana | 60  | Ludhiana East
55\.  | Ludhiana | 61  | Ludhiana South
56\.  | Ludhiana | 62  | Atam Nagar
57\.  | Ludhiana | 63  | Ludhiana Central
58\.  | Ludhiana | 64  | Ludhiana West
59\.  | Ludhiana | 65  | Ludhiana North
60\.  | Ludhiana | 66  | Gill
61\.  | Ludhiana | 68  | Dakha
62\.  | Ludhiana | 70  | Jagraon
63\.  | Sri Fatehgarh Sahib | 54  | Bassi Pathana
64\.  | Sri Fatehgarh Sahib | 55  | Fatehgarh Sahib
65\.  | Sri Fatehgarh Sahib | 56  | Amloh
66\.  | Ludhiana | 57  | Khanna
67\.  | Ludhiana | 58  | Samrala
68\.  | Ludhiana | 59  | Sahnewal
69\.  | Ludhiana | 67  | Payal
70\.  | Ludhiana | 69  | Raikot
71\.  | Sangrur | 106  | Amargarh
72\.  | Moga | 71  | Nihal Singhwala
73\.  | Moga | 72  | Bhagha Purana
74\.  | Moga | 73  | Moga
75\.  | Moga | 74  | Dharamkot
76\.  | Firozpur | 75\.  | Zira
77\.  | Sri Mukatsar Sahib | 84  | Gidderbaha
78\.  | Faridkot | 87  | Faridkot
79\.  | Faridkot | 88  | Kotkapura
80\.  | Faridkot | 89  | Jaitu
81\.  | Bathinda | 90  | Rampura Phul
82\.  | Firozpur | 76  | Firozpur City
83\.  | Firozpur | 77  | Firozpur Rural
84\.  | Firozpur | 78  | Guru Har Sahai
85\.  | Fazilka | 79  | Jalalabad
86\.  | Fazilka | 80  | Fazilka
87\.  | Fazilka | 81  | Abohar
88\.  | Fazilka | 82  | Balluana
89\.  | Sri Mukatsar Sahib | 85  | Malout
90\.  | Sri Mukatsar Sahib | 86  | Muktsar
91\.  | Sri Mukatsar Sahib | 83  | Lambi
92\.  | Bathinda | 91  | Bhucho Mandi
93\.  | Bathinda | 92  | Bathinda Urban
94\.  | Bathinda | 93  | Bathinda Rural
95\.  | Bathinda | 94  | Talwandi Sabo
96\.  | Bathinda | 95  | Maur
97\.  | Mansa | 96  | Mansa
98\.  | Mansa | 97  | Sardulgarh
99\.  | Mansa | 98  | Budhlada
100\.  | Sangrur | 99  | Lehra
101\.  | Sangrur | 100  | Dirba
102\.  | Sangrur | 101  | Sunam
103\.  | Barnala | 102  | Bhadaur
104\.  | Barnala | 103  | Barnala
105\.  | Barnala | 104  | Mehal Kalan
106\.  | Sangrur | 105  | Malerkotla
107\.  | Sangrur | 107  | Dhuri
108\.  | Sangrur | 108  | Sangrur
109\.  | Patiala | 109  | Nabha
110\.  | Patiala | 110  | Patiala Rural
111\.  | Patiala | 111  | Rajpura
112\.  | Mohali | 112  | Dera Bassi
113\.  | Patiala | 113  | Ghanaur
114\.  | Patiala | 114  | Sanour
115\.  | Patiala | 115  | Patiala
116\.  | Patiala | 116  | Samana
117\.  | Patiala | 117  | Shutrana

## Constituencies

[edit]

Following is the list of parliamentary constituencies (PC) and assembly constituencies (AC) of Punjab:-

In Punjab each Parliamentary constituency consists Nine Assembly constituencies. PC No.  | Parliamentary Constituency  | AC No.  | Assembly Constituency

|
|
|

1  | Gurdaspur
1  | Sujanpur
2  | Bhoa
3  | Pathankot
4  | Gurdaspur
5  | Dina Nagar
6  | Qadian
7  | Batala
9  | Fatehgarh Churian
10  | Dera Baba Nanak
2  | Amritsar | 11  | Ajnala
12  | Raja Sansi
13  | Majitha
15  | Amritsar North
16  | Amritsar West
17  | Amritsar Central
18  | Amritsar East
19  | Amritsar South
20  | Attari
3  | Khadoor Sahib | 14  | Jandiala
21  | Tarn Taran
22  | Khem Karan
23  | Patti
24  | Khadoor Sahib
25  | Baba Bakala
27  | Kapurthala
28  | Sultanpur Lodhi
75  | Zira
4  | Jalandhar | 30  | Phillaur
31  | Nakodar
32  | Shahkot
33  | Kartarpur
34  | Jalandhar West
35  | Jalandhar Central
36  | Jalandhar North
37  | Jalandhar Cantt.
38  | Adampur
5  | Hoshiarpur | 8  | Sri Hargobindpur
26  | Bholath
29  | Phagwara
39  | Mukerian
40  | Dasuya
41  | Urmar
42  | Sham Chaurasi
43  | Hoshiarpur
44  | Chabbewal
6  | Anandpur Sahib | 45  | Garhshankar
46  | Banga
47  | Nawanshahr
48  | Balachaur
49  | Anandpur Sahib
50  | Rupnagar
51  | Chamkaur Sahib
52  | Kharar
53  | S.A.S. Nagar
7  | Ludhiana | 60  | Ludhiana East
61  | Ludhiana South
62  | Atam Nagar
63  | Ludhiana Central
64  | Ludhiana West
65  | Ludhiana North
66  | Gill
68  | Dakha
70  | Jagraon
8  | Fatehgarh Sahib | 54  | Bassi Pathana
55  | Fatehgarh Sahib
56  | Amloh
57  | Khanna
58  | Samrala
59  | Sahnewal
67  | Payal
69  | Raikot
106  | Amargarh
9  | Faridkot | 71  | Nihal Singhwala
72  | Bhagha Purana
73  | Moga
74  | Dharamkot
84  | Gidderbaha
87  | Faridkot
88  | Kotkapura
89  | Jaitu
90  | Rampura Phul
10  | Ferozepur | 76  | Firozpur City
77  | Firozpur Rural
78  | Guru Har Sahai
79  | Jalalabad
80  | Fazilka
81  | Abohar
82  | Balluana
85  | Malout
86  | Muktsar
11  | Bathinda | 83  | Lambi
91  | Bhucho Mandi
92  | Bathinda Urban
93  | Bathinda Rural
94  | Talwandi Sabo
95  | Maur
96  | Mansa
97  | Sardulgarh
98  | Budhlada
12  | Sangrur | 99  | Lehra
100  | Dirba
101  | Sunam
102  | Bhadaur
103  | Barnala
104  | Mehal Kalan
105  | Malerkotla
107  | Dhuri
108  | Sangrur
13  | Patiala | 109  | Nabha
110  | Patiala Rural
111  | Rajpura
112  | Dera Bassi
113  | Ghanaur
114  | Sanour
115  | Patiala
116  | Samana
117  | Shutrana

## Former Constituencies

[edit]

The most recent Delimitation Commission was constituted on July 12, 2002. The recommendations of the commission were approved by the Presidential notification on February 19, 2008.[35][36] With this, three of the constituencies were eliminated. The Lok Sabha constituencies abolished, as a result, were as follows:

1. Phillaur constituency
2. Ropar constituency
3. Tarn Taran constituency

## See also

[edit]

* List of Incumbent Members of Parliament from Punjab, India
* 2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election
* List of constituencies of Punjab Legislative Assembly
* Politics of India
* Punjab, Pakistan
* Punjab, India
* History of the Punjab
* Punjabi people
* Elections in Punjab
* Convener of Aam Aadmi Party (Punjab, India)

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "HT Explainer: Three years short of 100, SAD's struggle for a comeback". HindustanTimes. 15 December 2017. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
2. ^ "Punjab's tryst with destiny". The Indian Express. 24 October 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
3. ^ "Dalit votes to decide ruling party of Punjab". India Today. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
4. ^ "Why only a Jat Sikh can become Punjab CM, questions ousted Cong leader - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
5. ^ Kumar, Pramod (11 January 2017). "The Punjab poll vault". The Tribune. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
6. ^ "Ramgarhia Forum appeals CM Fadnavis for OBC status to Ramgarhia Sikhs in state". nagpurtoday.in. 28 April 2016. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
7. ^ "Amarinder challenges CM Badal from Lambi - The Sunday Guardian Live". The Sunday Guardian Live. 15 January 2017. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
8. ^ "Amarinder Singh cabinet has 3 Dalits despite 32 per cent vote share, Jat Sikhs continue to rule Punjab". India Today. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
9. ^ "Punjab Congress faces rebellion over lack of representation for Dalits". CatchNews.com. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
10. ^ "Punjab: In Doaba, BSP promoting 'Ambedkarite culture' to 'politically awaken' Dalits". The Indian Express. 17 April 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
11. ^ "Elephant emerges the dark horse in Punjab". The Indian Express. 26 May 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
12. ^ "BSP's Punjab Surprise: Three Candidates Finish Third, Fares Better Than AAP". News18. 24 May 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
13. ^ "BSP gains in Punjab amid PDA thrashing". The Times of India. 24 May 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
14. ^ "Kanshi Ram and the Making of Dalit Political Agency". Economic and Political Weekly. 56 (3): 7–8\. 16 January 2021. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
15. ^ "Punjab Assembly Election Results in 1992". Elections.in. 11 April 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
16. ^ Roy, Meenu (1996). India Votes, Elections 1996: A Critical Analysis. Deep & Deep Publications. p. 198\. ISBN 9788171009008.
17. ^ "Result Of Punjab In 1996". Archived from the original on 23 November 2012.
18. ^ "In 1997, the BSP won Vidhan Sabha seat of Garhshankar". hindustantimes.com/. 18 May 2013. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
19. ^ Kumar, P. "Coalition Politics in Punjab in E. Sridharan" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 July 2016. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
20. ^ "Details of Assembly Segments of Parliamentary Constituencies - General Elections, 2014 - 16th Lok Sabha (page 946 of 1698)" (PDF). Election Commission of India.
21. ^ N, TN (20 May 2014). "Other party netas lining up for AAP". The Times of India. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
22. ^ Mohan, Vibhor (21 May 2014). "AAP may face problem of plenty in choosing candidates for bypolls". The Times of India. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
23. ^ Talbot, Ian (16 December 2013). Khizr Tiwana, the Punjab Unionist Party and the Partition of India. Routledge. ISBN 9781136790362.
24. ^ Low, D. A. (18 June 1991). Political Inheritance of Pakistan. Springer. p. 86\. ISBN 9781349115563.
25. ^ Dhaliwal, Sarbjit (9 September 2016). "Punjabi Suba: What's there to celebrate?". Tribuneindia News Service. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
26. ^ "Revisiting past elections..." Tribuneindia News Service. 30 October 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
27. ^ "When Punjab & PEPSU merged". Tribuneindia News Service. 6 November 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
28. ^ "Kairon retains his hold on Punjab". Tribuneindia News Service. 13 November 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
29. ^ "A United Front pushes Congress to the Opposition Benches". Tribuneindia News Service. 20 November 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
30. ^ "List of All the Political Parties in India". Jagranjosh.com. 16 April 2018. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
31. ^ "Recognition of 'All India Trinamool Congress, as a National party" (PDF). ECI. Retrieved 17 September 2016.
32. ^ "Aam Aadmi Party recognised as state party in Punjab". Deccan Chronicle. 3 June 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
33. ^ "State Parties". eci.nic.in. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
34. ^ Upcoming elections in India elections.in
35. ^ "Delimitation notification comes into effect". The Hindu. 20 February 2008. Archived from the original on 28 February 2008.
36. ^ "DELIMITATION OF PARLIAMENTARY AND ASSEMBLY CONSTITUENCIES ORDER, 2008" (PDF). Election Commission of India, NIRVACHAN SADAN, ASHOKA ROAD, NEW DELHI-110001.

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