PolyGram Filmed Entertainment

British-American film studio and film production company

For the successor to this studio and Universal Music Group's current production company, see PolyGram Entertainment.

This article is about PolyGram Filmed Entertainment, who jointly owned Channel 5 Video. For other uses, see 5 (disambiguation) and Channel 5.

PolyGram Filmed Entertainment

PolyGram Filmed Entertainment logo, used from 1997 until 1999

Formerly|

* Filmworks (1975–1976)
* Casablanca Record & Filmworks (1976–1980)
* PolyGram Pictures (1980–1983)
* PolyGram Movies (1987–1990)

Company type| Subsidiary
Predecessor| Casablanca Records and Filmworks
Founded| 1975; 50 years ago (1975)
Founder| Peter Guber
Defunct| 1999; 26 years ago (1999)
Fate| Acquired by Seagram and folded into Universal Pictures
Successors| Studio:
PolyGram Entertainment
Library:
Amazon MGM Studios[a]
(pre-April 1996 films with exceptions)
Universal Pictures
(post-March 1996 films with exceptions and some pre-April 1996 films)
ITV Studios
(ITC Entertainment library with exceptions)
Parent|

* PolyGram (1980–1998)
* Universal Pictures (1998–1999)

Divisions| PolyGram Film Distribution
PolyGram Television
PolyGram Video
PolyGram Visual Programming
Subsidiaries| Gramercy Pictures
Working Title Films
Propaganda Films
Interscope Communications
ITC Entertainment

PolyGram Filmed Entertainment (formerly known as Filmworks, Casablanca Record & Filmworks, PolyGram Films and PolyGram Pictures or simply PFE) was a film production company founded in 1975 as an American film studio, which became a European competitor to Hollywood within two decades, but was eventually sold to Seagram in 1998 and was folded into Universal Pictures a year later. Among its most successful and well known films were The Deep (1977), Midnight Express (1978), An American Werewolf in London (1981), Flashdance (1983), Batman (1989), Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994), Trainspotting (1996), Dead Man Walking (1995), The Big Lebowski (1998), Fargo (1996), The Usual Suspects (1995), The Game (1997), Candyman (1992) and Notting Hill (1999).

## Overview

[edit]

Evolution of Comcast NBCUniversal 1912| Universal Pictures is founded

|

1926| NBC is founded
1928| Walter Lantz Productions is established
1943| MCA Inc. establishes Revue Studios (later Universal Television)
1963| American Cable Systems is founded
1964| Universal Studios Hollywood opens
1968| American Cable Systems rebrands to Comcast
1975| Filmworks is founded
1976| Filmworks becomes Casablanca Record & Filmworks
1980| PolyGram renames Casablanca Record & Filmworks to PolyGram Pictures
MCA Videocassette‚ Inc. (later Universal Pictures Home Entertainment) is established
1983| PolyGram Pictures closes
1984| Walter Lantz Productions' assets are sold to Universal
Telemundo is founded
1986| General Electric re-purchases its former subsidiary RCA for $6.4 billion, including NBC and a stake in A&E
1987| PolyGram Movies is founded
1989| NBC relaunches Tempo Television as CNBC
1990| Universal Studios Florida opens
PolyGram Movies is renamed PolyGram Filmed Entertainment
Sky Television and British Satellite Broadcasting merge to form British Sky Broadcasting
Universal Cartoon Studios (later Universal Animation Studios) is established
1994| DreamWorks Animation is founded
1995| Seagram acquires Universal through its acquisition of MCA
NBC and Microsoft replace America's Talking with MSNBC
1998| Seagram acquires PolyGram Filmed Entertainment
Barry Diller purchases Universal's domestic television assets
Universal Television is renamed Studios USA Television
1999| PolyGram Filmed Entertainment is folded into Universal Pictures
Universal Studios Florida expands to become Universal Orlando Resort
2000| Seagram is sold to Vivendi and merged with StudioCanal to become Vivendi Universal Entertainment
2001| Grand opening of Universal Studios Japan
Vivendi purchases Studios USA
2002| NBC acquires Telemundo and Bravo
Studios USA assets are folded into Universal
Focus Features is formed
Comcast acquires AT&T Broadband for $44.5 billion
2004| GE and Vivendi merge NBC and Universal into NBCUniversal
2005| Comcast sets up a joint-venture with PBS, Sesame Workshop & HIT Entertainment to form PBS Kids Sprout
Comcast & Time Warner Cable jointly acquire Adelphia Cable assets for $17.6 billion
2007| Illumination is founded
2011| Vivendi divests interest in NBCU; Comcast buys 51% of NBCU from GE, turning it into a limited liability company
NBCUniversal Archives is founded
2012| NBCUniversal divests its A&E Networks minority stake
2013| Comcast buys GE's remaining 49% of NBCU
Comcast/NBCU assumes full ownership of Sprout
2016| NBCU acquires DreamWorks Animation
2017| NBCU acquires a minority stake in Amblin Partners
Sprout relaunches as Universal Kids
2018| Comcast acquires Sky from 21st Century Fox
2020| NBCU launches Peacock
2025| NBCUniversal announces the closure of Universal Kids

* v
* t
* e

In 1975, Peter Guber formed its own production company FilmWorks, then in 1976, it became Casablanca Record & FilmWorks after a merger with Casablanca Records, which PolyGram got a 50% by 1977, and by 1980, PolyGram took the other 50% stake in the company and renamed the film unit as PolyGram Pictures.

During the late 1980s and early 1990s, PolyGram continued to invest in a diversified film unit with the purchases of individual production companies. In 1995, PolyGram purchased ITC Entertainment for $156 million.

In May 1998, PolyGram was sold to Seagram, which, at the time, owned both Universal Pictures and Universal Music Group (UMG), for $10 billion. Seagram however, was only interested in PolyGram's music division and immediately sold off some of PolyGram's film and television assets: The pre-March 1996 PFE library (including the Epic library) was sold to MGM for $250 million, the ITC Entertainment library was sold to Carlton Communications for £91 million, and PolyGram's US distribution operation was sold to USA Network.

After many of its assets were sold, the remains of PolyGram's film division were folded into Universal Pictures. When the newly formed entertainment division of Seagram faced financial difficulties, it was sold to Vivendi, and MCA became known as Universal Studios, as Seagram ceased to exist.

Vivendi remained the majority owner of the UMG until 2021, when it sold most of its stake. MGM owns the rights to most of the pre-April 1996 library, and the remaining post-March 1996 film and television library is owned by NBCUniversal.

On February 11, 2017, Universal Music Group established a film and television division and named it PolyGram Entertainment, thus fully resurrecting the "PolyGram" name in the process.[1]

## History

[edit]

### FilmWorks, Casablanca Record & FilmWorks and PolyGram Pictures

[edit]

In 1975, Peter Guber quit Columbia Pictures to start out FilmWorks with a producing deal. A year later, during the production of The Deep, it was merged with Casablanca Records to form Casablanca Record & FilmWorks.[2] The company would enjoy success with The Deep and Midnight Express. The music company PolyGram (owned by Dutch-based Philips and Germany's Siemens) bought out its share of Casablanca Record & FilmWorks in 1977. Two years later, in 1979, Casablanca Record & Filmworks left Columbia Pictures to join Universal Pictures, and gave Casablanca Record & Filmworks creative control over the pictures.[3] A year later, PolyGram took on its stake of the company and it was renamed to PolyGram Pictures in 1980.[4] PolyGram reserved the finances and Guber would run as CEO. Guber would form a partnership with Barbra Streisand's hairdresser Jon Peters, who co-produced his client's A Star Is Born remake. Peters would produce PolyGram's films, and eventually become a stockholder with Guber.[5] He had intended to work with Boardwalk Records, but he was forced to join PolyGram Pictures instead.[6][3]

PolyGram Pictures logo, used in 1981. Polygram Pictures logo, used from 1981 to 1982.

The first film under the Universal/PolyGram alliance was King of the Mountain (1981), which was a box-office flop. More money-losers followed. Ancillary markets such as home video and pay television were not yet established, and broadcast television networks were paying less for licenses to films. PolyGram's European investors were not happy; they had lost about $80 million on its film division. Not long after, Siemens parted with Philips. Guber and Peters left PolyGram Pictures in 1982, taking their plans for a new Batman movie with them, along with a few other projects. The duo eventually found a home at Warner Bros. A part of their exit proceedings, PolyGram would still own 7.5% of profits from some of its projects, including the 1989 Batman film.[5] Also in 1980, PolyGram launched a syndicated television division, PolyGram Television, to be headed by former Columbia Pictures Television syndication executive Norman Horowitz,[7] both the film and television units eventually closed down by 1983 after a string of first-run syndication strip flops.[8]

### PolyGram Filmed Entertainment

[edit]

Logo used from 1992 to 1999. PolyGram Film Distribution logo, used in 1992. PolyGram Filmed Entertainment logo, used from 1992 to 1998.

In the early 1980s, PolyGram Video was launched. PolyGram Video, headed by Michael Kuhn and David Hockman, was created to distribute concert films and feature films acquired from third-parties, as well as long-form music videos and stand-up comedy videos from the likes of Roy Chubby Brown, Jethro and Bernard Manning; in 1986, a joint venture with Heron Communications, Channel 5 Video began operation.[9] Channel 5 Video later began to obtain the rights to titles from Heron's U.S. children's arm, Hi-Tops Video.[10] Kuhn and Hockman were able to parlay PolyGram Video's success into financing feature films. The first film produced by PolyGram's new film division was P.I. Private Investigations in 1987.[11] During the late 1980s and early 1990s, PolyGram continued to invest in a diversified film unit with the purchases of individual production companies.[12] In 1989, PolyGram launched Manifesto Film Sales to handle the licensing of films outside North America.[13] In 1991, PolyGram's Michael Kuhn became the head of PolyGram Filmed Entertainment,[12] with US$200 million pumped in with the intention of developing a European film studio that could produce and distribute films internationally on a scale to match the major Hollywood studios.

Following the style of its music business, the company produced films through a number of creatively semi-autonomous 'labels', such as Working Title Films in the United Kingdom and Propaganda Films and Interscope Communications in the United States; it also built up its own network of distribution companies.[14][15]

Film production within PolyGram differed from traditional Hollywood studios, in that power to make ('green light') a film was not centralised in the hands of a small number of executives, but instead was decided by negotiations between producers, management and marketing. Kuhn claimed that "movies sort of green lit themselves."

In 1993, PolyGram purchased Vision Video Ltd (which was previously the video arm of Virgin Group) from General Electric Capital for $5.6 million.[16]

PolyGram also built up a sizable film and television library that could be profitable. In 1995, the company purchased ITC Entertainment for $156 million.[17] Through this purchase, PolyGram acquired 350 feature films, several thousand hours of television programming, and gained further access into the television market.[12] That same year, PolyGram Filmed Entertainment acquired a 75% majority stake in British home video distributor Abbey Home Entertainment. In 1997, PFE agreed to purchase the Epic film library, which included a thousand feature films from a variety of companies, from Crédit Lyonnais for $225 million.[18] PolyGram also attempted purchasing MGM[19] and The Samuel Goldwyn Company's library,[20] but to no avail. In July 1998, PolyGram was in talks to sell their stake in Abbey Home Entertainment back to Ian and Anne Miles, letting AHE trade independently again. On December 7, 1997, PolyGram and Warner Bros. reached a deal to co-finance films produced by Castle Rock Entertainment.[21]

PolyGram Film Distribution logo, used in 1998.

PFE's film distribution arm was based in the United Kingdom, and invested heavily in British film making — some credit it with reviving the British film industry in the 1990s. Despite a successful production history, new Philips CEO Cor Boonstra began to draw back Philips' media operations, excepting their stake in PolyGram, in 1997.[22] At the time, Philips was seen as a bloated conglomerate riddled with problems; Boonstra initially denied that PolyGram would be sold.[23] However, by early 1998, Boonstra's attitude had shifted and various bidders began to make themselves known, as Philips began to pursue a manufacturing-only business model.[24] At the same time, PolyGram had been suffering from their own internal issues, chiefly a series of loss-making films and a lack of major pop music hits.[25] In hindsight, analysts have also pointed to another reason for Boonstra's sale of the assets, namely Philips manufacturing blank CDs, as music piracy subsequently impacted the music industry hugely in the years afterwards.[26]

Philips ultimately decided to sell PolyGram to the beverage conglomerate Seagram in 1998 (Seagram had chosen PolyGram over EMI because of PolyGram's better management);[27][28] only interested in PolyGram's music operations, Seagram, which at the time controlled Universal Pictures, looked forward to divesting in PFE. After being dissatisfied with offers to buy the studio (including a joint venture between Canal+ and Artisan Entertainment), Seagram opted to sell off individual assets and folded whatever remained into Universal.[29] In October 1998, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) paid $235–250 million to acquire 1,300 films released before March 31, 1996, from PolyGram, however, the deal did not include the ITC library or the film The Last Seduction 2, which in 1999, were sold to Carlton Communications (now known as ITV Studios) for $150 million.[30][31][32] Some of PFE's North American distribution assets, including PolyGram Video's US and Canada operations were sold to USA Networks.[33] Universal would inherit the remaining titles, which included a third of the pre-April 1996 films, one-third of the post-April 1996 films, as well as PolyGram Television's library, and PolyGram Video's international operations. Universal would then set up their own international arm from the ashes of PFE's international division on February 9, 1999 that included theatrical and video distribution; pulling out of CIC Video and nearly pulling out of United International Pictures.[34][35] After the box office failure of Mickey Blue Eyes, a title inherited from PolyGram that ended up becoming one of the few titles that were self-distributed by Universal internationally until 2007, all the theatrical assets of Universal Pictures International were folded into United International Pictures, which continued to exist until 2006.[36]

PolyGram Video took over the distribution of Manga Entertainment's titles in Australia and New Zealand in late 1996 after Siren Entertainment's license to the Manga Video catalog expired, but PolyGram lost the license to the Manga Video catalog in 1998 after Madman Entertainment took over the licenses. This was due to Manga Entertainment being moved from Island Records to Palm Pictures.

### Relaunch as PolyGram Entertainment

[edit]

Main article: PolyGram Entertainment

## Production companies

[edit]

* Working Title Films (UK), acquired by PFE in 1991.
* Propaganda Films (US), acquired by PFE in 1991.
* Interscope Communications (US), 51% acquired by PFE in 1992, remaining acquired in 1994.[15]
* Gramercy Pictures (US), launched by PFE and Universal in 1992.
* ITC Entertainment (UK), acquired by PFE in 1995.
* A&M Films (theatrical film division of A&M Records)
* Island Pictures (theatrical film division of Island Records), acquired December 1994, closed 1997.[37]
* Cinéa (France)
* Meteor Film Productions (Netherlands), acquired by PFE in 1994.[38]
* PolyGram Video
* 4 Front Video
* Spectrum Video
* Abbey Home Entertainment (UK), 75% majority stake acquired by PFE in 1995. Sold back to original owners in 1998.
* Channel 5 Video (initially a joint venture label with Heron Communications)[9]
* Vision Video Ltd
* Astrion Plc
* PolyGram Television
* PolyGram Visual Programming

## US distribution

[edit]

Main article: Gramercy Pictures

In 1992, PolyGram partnered with Universal Pictures to create a joint venture called Gramercy Pictures. Gramercy primarily distributed PolyGram films in the United States, and it doubled as a specialty label for Universal. In 1993, the company also had another distribution deal with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer to fund and distribute its films.[39] In January 1996, PolyGram bought out Universal's 50% stake[40] and in 1997, PolyGram Films was founded to release PFE's mainstream titles in the United States, while Gramercy became a low-budget/art-house sublabel.[41][42] PolyGram Films' first release was The Game.[42][40] When PolyGram was acquired by Universal in 1999, the company merged Gramercy with October Films, which included its subsidiary Rogue Pictures[43] to create USA Films, which eventually became Focus Features. Gramercy was revived in 2015 as a label of Focus Features,[44] but shut down and went dormant the next year.

## Selected films

[edit]

Among the films directly produced by PFE were:

### 1970s

[edit]

Release Date  | Title  | Notes

|
|

17 June 1977 | The Deep | co-production with Columbia Pictures and EMI Films
19 May 1978 | Thank God It's Friday | co-production with Columbia Pictures and Motown Productions
6 October 1978 | Midnight Express | co-production with Columbia Pictures
9 February 1979 | Agatha | co-production with First Artists and Warner Bros.

### 1980s

[edit]

Release Date  | Title  | Notes

|
|

29 February 1980 | Foxes | co-production with United Artists
30 May 1980 | The Hollywood Knights | co-production with Columbia Pictures
1 May 1981 | King of the Mountain | co-production with Universal Pictures
17 July 1981 | Endless Love | co-production with Universal Pictures
14 August 1981 | Deadly Blessing | distributed by United Artists
21 August 1981 | An American Werewolf in London | co-production with Universal Pictures
13 November 1981 | The Pursuit of D. B. Cooper | co-production with Universal Pictures
12 March 1982 | Missing | co-production with Universal Pictures
3 October 1982 | Split Image | distributed by Orion Pictures
24 December 1982 | Six Weeks | co-production with Universal Pictures
15 April 1983 | Flashdance | co-production with Paramount Pictures
13 December 1985 | A Chorus Line | co-production with Columbia Pictures and Embassy Pictures
Clue | co-production with Paramount Pictures
5 June 1987 | P.I. Private Investigations | co-production with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
22 April 1988 | The Blue Iguana | co-production with Paramount Pictures
24 March 1989 | Troop Beverly Hills | co-production with Weintraub Entertainment Group
23 June 1989 | Batman | co-production with Warner Bros. and The Guber-Peters Company
27 October 1989 | Kill Me Again | co-production with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
8 December 1989 | Fear, Anxiety & Depression | co-production with The Samuel Goldwyn Company

### 1990s

[edit]

Release Date  | Title  | Notes  | Distributor

|
|
|

27 July 1990 | Chicago Joe and the Showgirl | co-production with Working Title Films | New Line Cinema
17 August 1990 | Wild at Heart | The Samuel Goldwyn Company
14 September 1990 | Fools of Fortune | New Line Cinema
24 May 1991 | Drop Dead Fred
21 August 1991 | Barton Fink | international distribution only; produced by Circle Films | 20th Century Fox
15 November 1991 | Driving Me Crazy |  | Motion Picture Corporation of America
17 January 1992 | A Gnome Named Gnorm | co-production with Trilogy Entertainment Group and Interscope Communications | Vestron Pictures
27 March 1992 | Ruby | co-production with Propaganda Films | Triumph Films
15 May 1992 | Rubin & Ed[b] | co-production with Working Title Films | IRS Media
19 June 1992 | Batman Returns | studio credit only; produced by Warner Bros. Pictures, DC Comics, Tim Burton Productions and De Novi Pictures | Warner Bros. Pictures
7 August 1992 | London Kills Me | co-production with Working Title Films | Fine Line Features (through New Line Cinema)
4 September 1992 | Bob Roberts | international distribution only; co-production with Working Title Films | Paramount Pictures
Miramax Films (theatrical)
LIVE Entertainment (home video)
16 October 1992 | Candyman[c] | co-production with Propaganda Films | TriStar Pictures
23 April 1993 | Map of the Human Heart | international distribution only; co-production with Working Title Films | Miramax Films
14 May 1993 | Posse[d] | co-production with Working Title Films | Gramercy Pictures
20 August 1993 | The Ballad of Little Jo |  | Fine Line Features (through New Line Cinema)
3 September 1993 | Kalifornia[d] | co-production with Propaganda Films | Gramercy Pictures
1 October 1993 | Malice[d] | U.K. and Irish distribution only; produced by Castle Rock Entertainment, New Line Cinema and Nelvana | Columbia Pictures
8 October 1993 | The Young Americans | co-production with Working Title Films | LIVE Entertainment
5 November 1993 | A Home of Our Own[d] |  | Gramercy Pictures
7 January 1994 | The Air Up There | co-production with Hollywood Pictures and Interscope Communications | Buena Vista Pictures Distribution
4 February 1994 | Romeo Is Bleeding[d] | co-production with Working Title Films
Most 1994–95 PolyGram films currently owned by MGM unless mentioned otherwise  | Gramercy Pictures
9 March 1994 | Four Weddings and a Funeral[d] | co-production with Working Title Films and Channel Four Films
11 March 1994 | The Hudsucker Proxy | international distribution only; co-production with Warner Bros. Pictures, Working Title Films and Silver Pictures | Warner Bros. Pictures
8 April 1994 | Holy Matrimony | international distribution only; co-production with Hollywood Pictures and Interscope Communications | Buena Vista Pictures Distribution
Red Rock West[c] | co-production with Propaganda Films | Roxie Releasing (theatrical)
Columbia TriStar Home Video (home video)
15 April 1994 | Backbeat[c] |  | Gramercy Pictures
6 May 1994 | Dream Lover[d] | co-production with Propaganda Films
18 May 1994 | Final Combination[d] | co-production with Propaganda Films | Rank Film Distributors
15 July 1994 | A Pig's Tale[c] | co-production with Propaganda Films | PolyGram Filmed Entertainment
10 August 1994 | The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert[d] |  | Gramercy Pictures
23 September 1994 | Terminal Velocity | co-production with Hollywood Pictures and Interscope Communications | Buena Vista Pictures Distribution
28 September 1994 | Jason's Lyric[d] | co-production with Propaganda Films | Gramercy Pictures
16 December 1994 | Nell[e] | international distribution outside Latin America only  | 20th Century Fox
20 January 1995 | S.F.W.[d] | co-production with Propaganda Films | Gramercy Pictures
10 February 1995 | Shallow Grave[f] | North America and select international distribution only; produced by Channel Four Films
24 February 1995 | Before the Rain[c] |
3 March 1995 | Roommates | co-production with Hollywood Pictures and Interscope Communications | Buena Vista Pictures Distribution
17 March 1995 | Candyman: Farewell to the Flesh[d] | co-production with Propaganda Films | Gramercy Pictures
21 April 1995 | The Basketball Diaries[g] | co-production with Island Pictures | New Line Cinema
3 May 1995 | Panther[d] | co-production with Working Title Films | Gramercy Pictures
5 May 1995 | French Kiss[e] | international distribution only; co-production with Working Title Films | 20th Century Fox
16 June 1995 | Batman Forever | studio credit only; produced by Warner Bros. Pictures, DC Comics and Tim Burton Productions | Warner Bros. Pictures
30 June 1995 | Innocent Lies[d] |  | Gramercy Pictures
28 July 1995 | Operation Dumbo Drop | co-production with Walt Disney Pictures and Interscope Communications | Buena Vista Pictures Distribution
16 August 1995 | The Usual Suspects[d] | North American, U.K., Irish, French and Benelux distribution only; co-production with Spelling Films International, Blue Parrot Productions and Bad Hat Harry Films | Gramercy Pictures (North America)
Columbia TriStar Film Distributors International (Germany)
8 September 1995 | The Tie That Binds[e] | international distribution only; co-production with Hollywood Pictures and Interscope Communications | Buena Vista Pictures Distribution
15 September 1995 | Coldblooded[c] | co-production with Motion Picture Corporation of America and Propaganda Films | IRS Media
22 September 1995 | Canadian Bacon[d] | co-production with Propaganda Films | Gramercy Pictures
29 September 1995 | Moonlight and Valentino[d] | co-production with Working Title Films
3 November 1995 | Home for the Holidays | home media, pay television and international theatrical distribution outside South America only; co-production with Egg Pictures  | Paramount Pictures
10 November 1995 | Carrington[d] |  | Gramercy Pictures
1 December 1995 | Two Much[e] | international distribution only; co-production with Touchstone Pictures and Interscope Communications | Buena Vista Pictures Distribution
28 December 1995 | 12 Monkeys | U.K. and Irish distribution only; produced by Atlas Entertainment and Classico | Universal Pictures
29 December 1995 | Dead Man Walking[d] | co-production with Working Title Films | Gramercy Pictures
29 December 1995 | Mr. Holland's Opus[e] | international distribution only; co-production with Hollywood Pictures and Interscope Communications | Buena Vista Pictures Distribution
9 February 1996 | Loch Ness[d] | co-production with Working Title Films | Gramercy Pictures
23 February 1996 | La Haine[h] | North American distribution only; co-acquisition with Gramercy Pictures and Egg Pictures only; produced by Le Studio Canal+ and Arte France Cinéma
Most films released since this point are owned by Universal Pictures[45]
8 March 1996 | Fargo[d] | co-production with Working Title Films
Inducted into the National Film Registry in 2006
22 March 1996 | Jack and Sarah[d] | co-production with Granada Productions and Le Studio Canal+
Land and Freedom | co-production with Working Title Films
3 May 1996 | Barb Wire | co-production with Propaganda Films
10 May 1996 | Boys[e] | international distribution only; co-production with Touchstone Pictures and Interscope Communications | Buena Vista Pictures Distribution
31 May 1996 | Eddie[e] | international distribution only; co-production with Hollywood Pictures and Island Pictures[46]
Last film in the pre-April 1996 library owned by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
The Arrival | studio credit only; produced by LIVE Entertainment, Steelework Films and Interscope Communications | Orion Pictures
17 July 1996 | Walking and Talking | international distribution only; co-production with Channel Four Films, Zenith Productions, Pandora Film, Mikado Films (France), Electric, TEAM Communications Group and Good Machine | Miramax Films
Kazaam | international distribution only; co-production with Touchstone Pictures and Interscope Communications | Buena Vista Pictures Distribution
19 July 1996 | Trainspotting[i] | distribution in the U.K., Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, France, Spain and the Benelux only; produced by Channel Four Films | Miramax Films
18 October 1996 | Sleepers | international distribution only; co-production with Warner Bros. Pictures and Propaganda Films | Warner Bros. Pictures
Jude |  | Gramercy Pictures
25 October 1996 | The Associate | international distribution only; co-production with Hollywood Pictures and Interscope Communications | Buena Vista Pictures Distribution
24 December 1996 | The Portrait of a Lady | co-production with Propaganda Films | Gramercy Pictures
10 January 1997 | The Relic | select international distribution only; produced by Cloud Nine Entertainment and Pacific Western Productions | Paramount Pictures
29 January 1997 | Gridlock'd | co-production with Interscope Communications | Gramercy Pictures
14 February 1997 | When We Were Kings[j] | distribution only
7 March 1997 | The Eighth Day | co-production with Working Title Films
11 April 1997 | Keys to Tulsa[k] | co-production with ITC Entertainment
9 May 1997 | Twin Town |
20 June 1997 | Batman & Robin | studio credit only; produced by Warner Bros. Pictures and DC Comics | Warner Bros. Pictures
6 August 1997 | Def Jam's How to Be a Player |  | Gramercy Pictures
24 August 1997 | Snow White: A Tale of Terror | co-production with Interscope Communications |
12 September 1997 | The Game | co-production with Propaganda Films | PolyGram Films
19 September 1997 | Going All the Way |  | Gramercy Pictures
26 September 1997 | A Thousand Acres | international distribution only; co-production with Touchstone Pictures, Beacon Pictures and Propaganda Films | Buena Vista Pictures Distribution
3 October 1997 | The Matchmaker | co-production with Working Title Films | Gramercy Pictures
24 October 1997 | A Life Less Ordinary | distribution in the U.K., Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Spain and the Benelux only; produced by Figment Films and Channel Four Films | 20th Century Fox
7 November 1997 | Bean | co-production with Working Title Films | Gramercy Pictures
5 December 1997 | The Borrowers | co-production with Working Title Films | PolyGram Films
16 January 1998 | Hard Rain | select international distribution only; produced by Mutual Film Company | Paramount Pictures
23 January 1998 | Spice World | distribution in the U.K., Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, France, Germany, Austria, Spain and the Benelux only; co-production Fragile Films and Icon Entertainment International | Columbia Pictures (through Sony Pictures Releasing)
The Gingerbread Man | co-production with Island Pictures and Enchanter Entertainment  | PolyGram Films
18 February 1998 | I Want You |  | Gramercy Pictures
26 February 1998 | Dead Letter Office |  | Southern Star Entertainment
6 March 1998 | The Big Lebowski | co-production with Working Title Films
Inducted into the National Film Registry in 2014  | Gramercy Pictures
3 April 1998 | No Looking Back |
The Proposition | co-production with Interscope Communications | PolyGram Films
Barney's Great Adventure: The Movie | co-production with Lyrick Studios
1 May 1998 | Wilde[l] | U.K. and Irish distribution only; produced by BBC Films, Capitol Films and Pony Canyon | Sony Pictures Classics
Go Now |  | Gramercy Pictures
29 May 1998 | The Last Days of Disco | North American, Australian and New Zealand distribution only; produced by Castle Rock Entertainment; international distribution handled by Warner Bros. Pictures[47]
12 June 1998 | The Land Girls[m] |
14 August 1998 | Return to Paradise | co-production with Propaganda Films and Tetragram  | PolyGram Films
21 August 1998 | Your Friends & Neighbors |  | Gramercy Pictures
25 September 1998 | Clay Pigeons[m] |
2 October 1998 | What Dreams May Come | co-production with Interscope Communications | PolyGram Films
13 November 1998 | Thursday | co-production with Propaganda Films | Legacy Releasing
22 November 1998 | Elizabeth | co-production with Working Title Films and Channel Four Films | Gramercy Pictures
25 November 1998 | Very Bad Things | North American, U.K. and Irish distribution only; co-production with Interscope Communications and Initial Entertainment Group | PolyGram Films
22 January 1999 | The Hi-Lo Country | co-production with Working Title Films | Gramercy Pictures
February 1999 | Choke | co-production with Propaganda Films | PolyGram Visual Programming
5 March 1999 | Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels[n] | distribution in North America, the U.K., Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, the Benelux and Spain only;[48] produced by The Steve Tisch Company, SKA Films and HandMade Films | Gramercy Pictures
1 April 1999 | Millionaire Dogs | co-production with Ostdeutscher Rundfunk Brandenburg, EIV Entertainment Invest GmbH & Company KG, Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen and Benchmark Entertainment  | Pop Twist Entertainment
28 May 1999 | Notting Hill | select international distribution only; co-production with Working Title Films | Universal Pictures
9 July 1999 | Arlington Road | select international distribution only; produced by Lakeshore Entertainment | Screen Gems (through Sony Pictures Releasing)
1 October 1999 | Plunkett & Macleane | international distribution only; co-production with Working Title Films | USA Films
10 December 1999 | The Green Mile | as Universal Pictures International; produced by Castle Rock Entertainment and Darkwoods Productions  | Warner Bros. Pictures (North America, Latin America and Asia (excluding Japan))
Universal Pictures (International)

## See also

[edit]

* 100 Films and a Funeral, a documentary film about the rise and fall of PFE.

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Copyright is owned by Orion Pictures
2. ^ Owned by Sony Pictures
3. ^ a b c d e f Retained by Universal Pictures
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Owned by MGM
5. ^ a b c d e f g International rights owned by MGM
6. ^ Owned by Film4 Productions
7. ^ Owned by Palm Pictures in the U.S. and MGM internationally
8. ^ Owned by Le Pacte and StudioCanal, with U.S. distribution rights licensed to The Criterion Collection and Janus Films
9. ^ Owned by Film4 Productions, with certain distribution rights currently licensed to Miramax
10. ^ Owned by Shout! Studios (via Westchester Films)
11. ^ Owned by ITV Studios
12. ^ Owned by Altitude
13. ^ a b Distribution rights co-owned by Resurgence Media Group
14. ^ Select international rights to Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels have since reverted back to Lionsgate

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Universal Music Relaunching Polygram, Announces 'Story of Motown' as First Production". Billboard. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
2. ^ "Casablanca And Filmworks Merge Into New Combine" (PDF). Billboard. 6 November 1976. p. 3.
3. ^ a b Masters, Kim; Griffin, Nancy (12 January 2016). Hit & Run. Simon & Schuster.
4. ^ "PolyGram Insures Home Video Base" (PDF). Billboard. 29 March 1980. p. 9.
5. ^ a b Griffin, Nancy and Masters, Kim (1996). "Hit and Run" (pp. 100-116). New York: Touchstone, a Simon & Schuster company.
6. ^ Medavoy, Mike (25 June 2013). You're Only as Good as Your Next One: 100 Great Films, 100 Good Films, and 100 for Which I Should Be Shot. Atria Books.
7. ^ "Horowitz to head new PolyGram television unit" (PDF). Broadcasting Magazine. 3 November 1980. p. 46.
8. ^ "PolyGram to fold" (PDF). Broadcasting. 9 May 1983. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
9. ^ a b "Heron, PolyGram Set Joint Venture With Low Pricing". Variety. 1 January 1986. p. 25.
10. ^ "Channel Five Moves Into Music & Kid Vid" (PDF). World Radio History. 11 July 1987. Retrieved 5 May 2024.
11. ^ Kuhn, pp. 17-23
12. ^ a b c Apodaca, Patrice (21 February 1995). "Screen Play : PolyGram Hopes to Bolster Its Hollywood Presence With Purchase of Once-Venerable ITC Entertainment". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
13. ^ Kuhn, pp. 40-41
14. ^ Groves, Don (14 January 1991). "Polygram Plots Its Return To Film Biz". Variety. Retrieved 18 October 2024.
15. ^ a b Citron, Alan (11 August 1992). "Polygram Takes Over Interscope : Entertainment: The British record giant buys 51% of the successful Hollywood film production company". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 18 October 2024.
16. ^ "PolyGram's Visionary Deal". Variety. 31 January 1993. Retrieved 24 November 2024.
17. ^ "ITC Entertainment Sold to Polygram for $156 Million". Los Angeles Times. 17 January 1995. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
18. ^ Weiner, Rex (3 December 1997). "New Epic librarian".
19. ^ Fabrikant, Geraldine (17 July 1996). "Kerkorian Group Plans to Buy MGM Studio for $1.3 Billion". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
20. ^ "Company News;Polygram Said To Drop Goldwyn Offer". The New York Times. 31 January 1996. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
21. ^ Cox, Dan (8 December 1997). "WB, Polygram to co-fund Castle Rock". Variety. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
22. ^ Variety Staff (22 July 1997). "Philips quitting media biz, except for Polygram stake". Variety. Retrieved 5 May 2024.
23. ^ "CAN HE FIX PHILIPS? HECK, CAN ANYONE? NEW CEO COR BOONSTRA IS AN OUTSIDER WHO TALKS A GOOD TURNAROUND GAME FOR THE ELECTRONICS GIANT--BUT MAY HAVE TO MOVE FASTER. - March 31, 1997". money.cnn.com. Retrieved 5 May 2024.
24. ^ Week, Marketing (11 June 1998). "Why Phillips must sharpen up its act". Marketing Week. Retrieved 5 May 2024.
25. ^ Eller, Claudia; Philips, Chuck (7 May 1998). "Philips Puts PolyGram Empire Up for Sale". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 5 May 2024.
26. ^ McCullen, Aidan (27 October 2023). "Killing Your Business While It's Still Working: That (Kodak) Moment". The Innovation Show. Retrieved 5 May 2024.
27. ^ "Suitors Buzz Around Polygram". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 5 May 2024.
28. ^ Eller, Claudia; Philips, Chuck (15 May 1998). "Seagram, Philips Confirm Talks for All of PolyGram". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 5 May 2024.
29. ^ Eller, Claudia (9 October 1998). "Seagram May Settle for Sale of Film Library". Los Angeles Times.
30. ^ "MGM Signs $250 Million Agreement to Acquire PolyGram Film Library". Sound & Vision. 25 October 1998.
31. ^ Eller, Claudia (23 October 1998). "MGM Agrees to Acquire PolyGram Movie Library". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
32. ^ Thal, Peter (20 January 1999). "Carlton pays $150m for film library". The Independent. London. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
33. ^ "USA Will Buy Some Seagram Film Assets". Los Angeles Times. 8 April 1999.
34. ^ Carver, Benedict; Dawtrey, Adam (10 February 1999). "U to start int'l distrib". Variety. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
35. ^ "U-Par's CIC not clicking". 8 February 1999. Retrieved 31 January 2025.
36. ^ Petrikin, Chris (15 October 1999). "U, Par extend UIP pact". Variety. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
37. ^ Madigan, Nick (9 December 1997). "Polygram shutters Island Pictures".
38. ^ "Polygram neemt het filmbedrijf MFP over". NRC Handelsblad (in Dutch). 9 March 1994. Archived from the original on 2 February 2025. Retrieved 2 February 2025.
39. ^ Moerk, Christian (2 November 1993). "Lion's feast: Polygram pix". Variety. Retrieved 18 October 2024.
40. ^ a b "PolyGram joins the big Game". Screen International. 19 September 1997. p. 33.
41. ^ Eller, Claudia (3 May 1997). "PolyGram Unit to Distribute Films in U.S." Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
42. ^ a b "Partyers play 'Game'". Variety. 11 September 1997. Retrieved 19 September 2022.
43. ^ Roman, Monica (3 April 1998). "Rogue of October". Variety. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
44. ^ Petski, Denise (20 May 2015). "Focus Revives Gramercy Pictures Label For Genre Films". Deadline. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
45. ^ US Copyright Office Document No. V3495D070 / 2003-03-06
46. ^ US Copyright Office Document No. V15006D985 / 2022-04-22
47. ^ "Warner Bros. Teams Up with PolyGram to Co-Finance & Co-Distribute Castle Rock Pictures". WarnerMedia. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
48. ^ Variety Staff (30 June 1998). "World Briefs". Variety. Retrieved 20 October 2024.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Michael Kuhn, One Hundred Films and a Funeral: The Life and Death of Polygram Films, Thorogood, 2002. ISBN 1-85418-216-1.

* v
* t
* e

Philips

Divisions and
subsidiaries|

| Current|

* Philips Healthcare
* Philips Avent
* Respironics
* Shenzhen Goldway Industrial
* Corporate Technologies

|

Former and
defunct|

* Liquavista
* Magnavox
* NXP Semiconductors
* Philips Consumer Lifestyle
* Saeco
* Philips Lighting
* Philips Lumileds Lighting Company
* Philips Natuurkundig Laboratorium
* PolyGram
* Fontana Records
* Mercury Records
* Philips Classics Records
* Philips Records
* PolyGram Filmed Entertainment
* Vertigo Records

Joint ventures and
shareholdings|

| Current|

* NXP Semiconductors (19.9%)
* Philips-Neusoft Medical Systems (51%)

|

Former and
defunct|

* ASML Holding
* Broadcast Television Systems Inc.
* Grundig
* LG.Philips Displays
* LG.Philips LCD
* Marantz
* Navteq
* NEC Philips Unified Systems
* Philips Consumer Communications
* TP Vision
* TSMC
* SSMC
* Lumileds

Brands, products
and standards|

| Current|

* Ambilight
* Hue
* Norelco
* Philips Cinema 21:9 TV
* Philips GoGear
* Philips Intimate Massager
* Senseo
* ShoqBox
* Sonicare
* Streamium
* Trimension
* Video Content Protection System

|

Defunct|

* CD-i
* Nino
* NMS 8220
* NMS 8245
* NMS 8250/8255
* NMS 8280
* P2000
* Philishave
* Velo
* VG5000μ
* VG-8000/8010
* VG-8020
* VG-8230
* VG-8235
* Video 2000
* Videopac
* VideoWriter
* :YES

People|

* Cor Boonstra
* Frans van Houten
* Anton Philips
* Gerard Philips
* Frits Philips

Places|

* Evoluon
* High Tech Campus Eindhoven
* Philips Arena
* Philips Stadion

Related topics|

* Carousel
* HDMI Licensing
* Philips Lecture
* Philips Sports Manager of the Year
* Phoebus cartel
* Philips Computers

* Category
* Commons

* v
* t
* e

NBCUniversal

A division of Comcast

Predecessors|

* MCA Inc.
* PolyGram
* RCA
* Seagram Company Ltd.
* Vivendi Universal

Executives|

* Dick Ebersol
* Bonnie Hammer
* Donna Langley
* Steve Burke
* Pearlena Igbokwe
* Noah Oppenheim
* Cesar Conde

Studio Group|

| Universal Filmed
Entertainment Group|

* Universal Pictures
* Back Lot Music
* DreamWorks Animation
* Focus Features
* Illumination
* Illumination Studios Paris
* NBCUniversal Entertainment Japan
* United International Pictures*
* Universal Pictures Home Entertainment
* Universal Animation Studios
* Working Title Films
* Amblin Partners
* Amblin Entertainment
* DreamWorks Pictures

|

Universal
Studio Group|

* Universal Television
* Universal Content Productions
* Universal International Studios
* Carnival Films
* Matchbox Pictures
* DreamWorks Animation Television
* DreamWorks Classics
* Big Idea Entertainment
* Bullwinkle Studios*
* Harvey Entertainment

Destinations
& Experiences Group|

| United States|

* Universal Studios Hollywood
* CityWalk
* Universal Orlando
* Universal Studios Florida
* Islands of Adventure
* CityWalk
* Epic Universe
* Universal Kids Resort
* Universal Horror Unleashed

|

International|

* Universal Studios Japan
* Universal Studios Singapore
* Universal Beijing Resort
* Universal Studios Beijing
* Universal Studios Delhi (planned)
* Universal Studios Great Britain (planned)

Media Group|

| Television networks|

* NBC
* Bravo
* E!
* Syfy
* USA Network
* Oxygen

|

Streaming|

* Hayu
* Peacock
* PictureBox Films
* Fandango Media (70%)
* Fandango at Home

NBC
Sports Group|

* NBC Olympics
* NBC Sports Ventures
* Alli
* Golf Channel
* NBC Sports Digital
* GolfNow
* NBC Sports
* part owner
* MLB Network
* NHL Network
* Regional Networks
* Bay Area (45%)
* Boston
* California
* Philadelphia
* SNY (8%)

International
Networks|

* v
* t
* e

NBCUniversal International Networks

A division of NBCUniversal

Asia|

* DreamWorks Channel
* Golf Channel (Indonesia)
* Studio Universal (Philippines)

Australia & New Zealand|

* Bravo
* New Zealand
* Australia
* Universal TV
* Australia
* New Zealand

Europe, Middle East
and Africa|

* 13th Street
* France
* Germany
* Spain
* Poland
* DreamWorks
* Diva
* E!
* Golf Channel
* Movies 24
* Syfy
* France
* Germany
* Poland
* Balkans
* Portugal
* Spain
* Studio Universal
* Telemundo Africa
* Universal TV Germany

Latin America & Brazil|

* Universal TV
* E!
* Golf Channel
* Studio Universal
* USA Network
* Telemundo Internacional
* DreamWorks Channel
* Universal+ (outside of Brazil)

Canada (licensed)|

* Bravo
* E!
* Oxygen
* USA Network

Defunct|

* 13th Street Netherlands and Flanders
* 13th Street Australia
* Diva TV
* Diva Universal Italy
* Diva Asia
* E! Asia
* E! Australia and New Zealand
* Hallmark Channel International
* Hallmark Channel Benelux & Scandinavia
* KidsCo
* Sci Fi Romania
* Steel
* Style Network Australia
* Syfy Netherlands and Flanders
* Syfy Russia
* Syfy Asia
* Syfy Australia
* Syfy Latin America
* Universal Channel Greece
* Universal Channel Poland
* Universal Channel Turkey
* Universal Channel Japan
* Universal Channel Asia
* Universal TV UK & Ireland

Other assets|

* Distribution
* Domestic
* International

Telemundo Enterprises|

* Telemundo
* Puerto Rico Studios
* Telemundo Studios
* Universo
* Telemundo Deportesw/NBC Sports Group
* Noticias Telemundo

Local Group
O&Os|

| NBC Owned
TV Stations|

* KNBC
* KNSD
* KNTV
* KXAS-TV
* WBTS-CD
* WCAU
* WMAQ-TV
* WNBC
* WRC-TV
* WTVJ
* WVIT
* K15CU-D
* KTEL-TV
* Other properties
* Cozi TV
* NBC LX
* NBC LX Home
* NECN

|

Telemundo
Station Group|

* KASA-TV/KTEL-CD/KUPT
* KBLR
* KCSO
* KDEN-TV
* KHRR
* KNSO
* KSTS
* KTAZ
* KTDO
* KTLM
* KTMD
* KTMW
* KUAN
* KVDA
* KVEA
* KXTX-TV
* WKAQ-TV
* WNEU
* WNJU
* WRDM-CD/WDMR-LP
* WRIW-CD
* WRMD-CD
* WRTD-CD
* WSCV
* WSNS-TV
* WTMO-CD
* WWSI
* WWDT-CD
* WYCN-LD
* WZTD-LD
* WZDC-CD
* Other properties: TeleXitos

Other units|

* Affiliate relations
* NBC
* Telemundo
* EMKA, Ltd.
* International Media Distribution

News Group|

| Main divisions|

* NBC News
* NBCNews.com
* NBC Out
* MSNBC

|

CNBC global channels|

* CNBC
* Africa (licensee)
* Asia
* Brazil (licensee)
* Europe
* World

CNBC Europe branches|

* Class CNBC (20%)
* CNBC-e
* Africa (licensee)
* Arabia

CNBC Asia branches|

* CNBC TV18
* CNBC Awaaz
* CNBC Indonesia
* JKN-CNBC
* Nikkei CNBC

Former/defunct
properties|

* 13th Street (Australia)
* A&E Networks (A&E)*
* Canal+ Group
* Castle Films
* Chapman Entertainment
* Chiller
* Chiller Films
* CIC Video
* Cloo
* Comcast Network
* Craftsy
* Diva
* Diva Universal (Italy)
* E! (Asia)
* Entertainment Rights
* Esquire Network
* Fearnet
* Filmation
* FilmDistrict
* G4
* Good Machine
* Gramercy Pictures
* Hallmark Channel (international)
* ITC Entertainment
* Interscope Communications
* Miss Universe*
* Multimedia Entertainment
* NBBC
* NBCSN
* NBC Sports (Chicago (25%)
* Northwest)
* NBC Weather Plus
* October Films
* Olympic Channel
* Pacific Data Images
* Peacock Productions
* PolyGram Filmed Entertainment
* Propaganda Films
* Savoy Pictures
* SBS CNBC
* Shift
* Seeso
* Spencer Gifts
* Style Network (Australia)
* Syfy (Asia)
* Syfy (Australia)
* Tell-Tale Productions
* The Entertainment Channel*
* Total Television
* UPA
* Universal Channel (Asia)
* Universal Channel (Greece)
* Universal Channel (Japan)
* Universal Channel (Poland)
* Universal Kids
* Universal TV (UK and Ireland)
* Universal Interactive
* Universal Music Group
* Universal Channel (Turkey)
* Vivendi Universal Games
* Walter Lantz Productions
* Western Publishing
* Gold Key Comics
* Whitman Publishing
* Golden Books Family Entertainment
* Golden Book Video
* Woodland Animations
* ZGS Communications

Related|

* History of NBC
* History of NBC Sports
* Report on Chain Broadcasting (1941)
* National Broadcasting Co. v. United States (1943)

* Denotes joint ventures

* v
* t
* e

Film studios in the United States and Canada

Majors|

| Universal Studios|

* Universal Pictures
* Focus Features
* Carnival Films
* Working Title Films
* United International Pictures (50%)
* Amblin Partners (20%)
* Amblin Entertainment
* DreamWorks Pictures

|

Paramount Skydance Corporation|

* Paramount Pictures
* Paramount Players
* Republic Pictures
* Miramax (49%)
* Awesomeness Films
* BET Films
* MTV Entertainment Studios
* Nickelodeon Movies
* Skydance Media
* United International Pictures (50%)
* Viacom18 Studios (13.01%)

|

Walt Disney Studios|

* Walt Disney Pictures
* 20th Century Studios
* 20th Century Family
* Marvel Studios
* Lucasfilm
* Star Studios
* Regency Enterprises (20%)
* Searchlight Pictures
* Disneynature
* ESPN Films (80%)
* National Geographic Partners (73%)
* A&E Networks (50%)
* Vice Media (16%)
* Hulu

|

Warner Bros.|

* Warner Bros. Pictures
* New Line Cinema
* Castle Rock Entertainment
* CNN Films
* DC Studios
* Flagship Entertainment Group (49%)
* HBO Films
* HBO Documentary Films
* Spyglass Media Group (minority)

|

Sony Pictures|

* Columbia Pictures
* TriStar Pictures
* Sony Pictures Releasing
* 3000 Pictures
* PlayStation Productions
* Screen Gems
* Sony Pictures Classics
* TriStar Productions
* Worldwide Acquisitions
* Affirm Films
* Destination Films
* Stage 6 Films
* Ghost Corps
* Sony Pictures Kids Zone
* Left Bank Pictures
* Silvergate Media

|

Mini-majors|

| Amazon MGM Studios|

* Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
* United Artists
* Orion Pictures
* Orion Classics
* American International Pictures
* Lightworkers Media

|

Lionsgate Studios|

* Lionsgate Films
* Lionsgate Premiere
* Summit Entertainment
* Lionsgate Canada
* eOne Films
* Roadside Attractions (43%)
* Pantelion Films (50%)
* Good Universe
* 3 Arts Entertainment (majority)
* Spyglass Media Group (18.9%)
* Amblin Partners (minority)
* Amblin Entertainment
* DreamWorks Pictures

|

A24|

* 2AM (backing)

|

Horizontal
production/
distribution
companies|

* Apple Studios
* Condé Nast Entertainment
* Dark Horse Entertainment
* Hasbro Entertainment
* Mattel Films
* Netflix
* Random House Studio
* Roku
* Scholastic Corporation
* Square Enix
* Ubisoft Film & Television

Slate
partners|

* AGC Studios
* Atlas Entertainment
* Black Bear Pictures
* Black Label Media
* Black List
* Bron
* Mad Solar
* Escape Artists
* Endeavor
* FilmNation Entertainment
* Gotham Group
* Grosvenor Park
* H Collective
* ICM Partners
* Ingenious Media
* LAMF
* Lantern Entertainment
* Legendary Pictures
* MRC
* New Republic Pictures
* PalmStar Media
* Prospect Park
* Skydance Media
* TSG Entertainment
* Village Roadshow Pictures
* Voltage Pictures

Production/
distribution
companies|

* 2929 Entertainment
* Magnolia Pictures
* Truly Indie
* Allied Artists Film Group
* American Zoetrope
* Angel Studios
* Annapurna Pictures
* Anonymous Content
* The Asylum
* Artemis Rising Foundation
* BayView Entertainment
* Beacon Pictures
* Berlanti Productions
* Bleecker Street
* Blue Fox Entertainment
* Blumhouse Productions
* Bold Films
* Brainstorm Media
* Brillstein Entertainment
* Broadway Video
* Brookstreet Pictures
* Chicken & Egg Pictures
* Cinelou Films
* CineTel Films
* Darius Films
* Dark Castle Entertainment
* Dolphin Entertainment
* Drafthouse Films
* Decal
* Elevation Pictures
* Emmett/Furla Oasis
* Entertainment Studios
* Freestyle Releasing
* Film Arcade
* Fork Films
* FotoKem
* Fox Entertainment
* MarVista Entertainment
* Giant Pictures
* Gunpowder & Sky
* IFC Films
* Indican Pictures
* Impact Partners
* Jim Henson Company
* Lakeshore Entertainment
* LD Entertainment
* levelFILM
* Likely Story
* Louverture Films
* Mandalay Pictures
* Mandeville Films
* Maximum Effort
* Millennium Media
* Morgan Creek Entertainment
* Motion Picture Corporation of America
* Myriad Pictures
* Neon
* Open Road Films
* Oscilloscope
* Picturehouse
* Quiver Distribution
* RadicalMedia
* Relativity Media
* Rogue Pictures
* Revolution Studios
* RKO Pictures
* Saban Films
* Samuel Goldwyn Films
* Screen Media
* Sidney Kimmel Entertainment
* Silver Pictures
* Shout! Studios
* Solstice Studios
* Strand Releasing
* STX Entertainment
* Sycamore Pictures
* TLA Releasing
* Topic Studios
* Utopia
* Vertical
* Virgin Produced
* Walden Media
* Wolfe Video
* WWE Studios
* XTR
* XYZ Films
* 21 Laps Entertainment
* 40 Acres and a Mule Filmworks
* 87North
* 1492 Pictures
* A Very Good Production
* Abso Lutely
* After Dark Films
* AGBO
* Alcon Entertainment
* Apatow
* Appian Way
* Atomic Monster
* Bad Hat Harry Productions
* Bad Robot
* Bazelevs Company
* Bedford Falls Productions
* Big Beach
* Blinding Edge Pictures
* Brandywine
* Brownstone
* Bubble Factory
* Centropolis
* Cha Cha Cha Films
* Chernin Entertainment
* Cheyenne Enterprises
* Color Force
* Cross Creek Pictures
* Crystal Sky Pictures
* Cube Vision
* Darko Entertainment
* Davis Entertainment
* Di Bonaventura Pictures
* District
* Donners' Company
* Double R Productions
* Echo Films
* Electric
* Evolution Entertainment
* Twisted Pictures
* Excellent Cadaver
* Flower Films
* Freckle Films
* Fruit Tree
* Fuzzy Door
* Gary Sanchez
* Gloria Sanchez
* Genre Films
* Ghost House Pictures
* GK Films
* Gracie Films
* Happy Madison
* Haxan Films
* Hello Sunshine
* Hoorae Media
* Icon
* Identity Films
* ImageMovers
* Imagine
* Jax Media
* Indian Paintbrush
* Infinitum Nihil
* Intrepid Pictures
* Jerry Bruckheimer Films
* Judgmental Films
* KatzSmith
* Kennedy/Marshall Company
* Ketchup Entertainment
* Killer Films
* Kingdom Story Company
* Lightstorm Entertainment
* LuckyChap Entertainment
* Malpaso
* Marv
* Monkeypaw
* Montecito Picture Company
* Mr. Mudd
* Music Box
* Mutant Enemy
* MWM
* Nine Stories
* One Race Films
* Original Film
* Our Stories Films
* Outerbanks Entertainment
* Overbrook Entertainment
* Paper Kite
* Phoenix Pictures
* Picture Company
* Plan B Entertainment
* Platinum Dunes
* Playtone
* Point Grey Pictures
* Protozoa Pictures
* Red Hour Films
* Rideback
* Roth/Kirschenbaum Films
* Scott Free
* Seven Bucks
* Shangri-La Entertainment
* Shondaland
* Smokehouse Pictures
* Stone Quarry
* Studio 8
* Story Syndicate
* Sunday Night
* Syncopy Inc.
* Tango Entertainment
* Team Downey
* Temple Hill
* The Daily Wire
* The Hideaway Entertainment
* Thunder Road Films
* Tim Burton
* Tyler Perry Studios
* Valhalla Entertainment
* Vertigo Entertainment
* View Askew
* SModcast Pictures
* Vinyl Films
* WingNut Films
* 30West
* Wonderland Sound and Vision
* Watermelon Pictures
* 1-2 Special

Defunct/former|

| Disney|

* Caravan Pictures
* Cinergi Pictures
* Fox 2000 Pictures
* Fox Atomic
* Fox Faith
* Fox Film
* Hollywood Pictures
* New World Pictures
* Selznick International Pictures
* Touchstone Pictures
* Twentieth Century Pictures
* UTV Motion Pictures

|

Lionsgate|

* Anchor Bay Films
* Artisan Entertainment
* Christal Films
* Mandate Pictures
* Maple Pictures
* Momentum Pictures
* Overture Films
* Trimark Pictures
* Vestron Pictures

MGM|

* 21st Century Film Corporation
* Atlantic Entertainment Group
* Cannon Films
* Cinecom
* Dimension Pictures (1970s)
* Epic Productions
* Filmways
* G2 Pictures
* Goldwyn Pictures
* Hemdale Film Corporation
* Island Pictures
* Louis B. Mayer Pictures
* Metro Pictures Corporation
* Mirisch Company
* Samuel Goldwyn Company
* Samuel Goldwyn Productions
* Trans World Entertainment
* United Artists Releasing

Universal|

* FilmDistrict
* Good Machine
* Gramercy Pictures
* Independent Moving Pictures
* Interscope Communications
* Propaganda Films
* Savoy Pictures

Paramount|

* CBS Theatrical Films
* Cinema Center Films
* Comedy Central Films
* Commonwealth United Entertainment
* Famous Players Film Company
* Famous Players–Lasky
* Go Fish Pictures
* Liberty Films
* Mascot Pictures
* Paramount Famous Productions
* Paramount Vantage
* Rysher Entertainment
* Sunn Classic Pictures
* United States Pictures

Sony|

* Cohn-Brandt-Cohn (CBC) Film Sales Corporation
* Embassy Pictures
* Empire International Pictures
* First Independent Films
* Triumph Films

Warner Bros.|

* Fine Line Features
* First National Pictures
* Lorimar Film Entertainment
* Monogram Pictures
* National General Pictures
* Nelson Entertainment
* Rooster Teeth
* Seven Arts Productions
* Warner Bros.-Seven Arts
* Warner Independent Pictures

Others|

* Alchemy
* American Film Manufacturing Company
* Art Star Scene Studios
* Astor Pictures
* Aviron Pictures
* Aurora Productions
* Biograph Company
* Bison Film Company
* Bluebird Photoplays
* Boxoffice International Pictures
* Bryanston Pictures
* C2 Pictures
* Calvin Company
* Carolco Pictures
* Castle Hill Productions
* Centaur Film Company
* Champion Film Company
* Christie Film Company
* Cinemation Industries
* Cinerama Releasing Corporation
* Compass International Pictures
* Crown International Pictures
* De Laurentiis Entertainment Group
* DEJ Productions
* Distributors Corporation of America
* Eaco Films
* Eagle-Lion Films
* Edison Studios
* Educational Pictures
* Essanay Studios
* Dramatic Feature Films
* Fireworks Entertainment
* First Look Studios
* Franchise Pictures
* Geffen Film Company
* Global Road Entertainment
* Grand National Pictures
* Hal Roach Studios
* Hasbro Entertainment
* Allspark
* Jensen Farley Pictures
* Ladd Company
* Largo Entertainment
* Lippert Pictures
* Lubin Manufacturing Company
* Madison 23 Productions
* Manson International
* Newmarket Films
* OddLot Entertainment
* Pacific International Enterprises
* Participant
* PM Entertainment
* Producers Releasing Corporation
* RatPac Entertainment
* Red Granite Pictures
* Regent Releasing
* Schneider's Bakery
* Scotti Bros. Pictures
* Section Eight Productions
* Seed Productions
* Strike Entertainment
* ThinkFilm
* This Is That Productions
* Virtual Studios
* Weinstein Company
* Dimension Films
* Weintraub Entertainment Group

List of American animation studios

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF

National|

* United States
* Israel

Other|

* MusicBrainz label
* Yale LUX

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