Pope Francis

Head of the Catholic Church from 2013 to 2025

"Bergoglio" redirects here and is not to be confused with Borgoglio. For other people named Bergoglio, see Bergoglio (surname).

Pope

Francis

Bishop of Rome

Francis in 2014

Church| Catholic Church
Papacy began| 13 March 2013
Papacy ended| 21 April 2025
Predecessor| Benedict XVI
Successor| Leo XIV
Previous post(s)|

* Provincial Superior of the Jesuits in Argentina (1973‍–‍1979)
* Titular Bishop of Auca (1992‍–‍1997)
* Auxiliary Bishop of Buenos Aires (1992‍–‍1997)
* Coadjutor Bishop of Buenos Aires (1997‍–‍1998)
* Archbishop of Buenos Aires (1998‍–‍2013)
* Ordinary for the Faithful of the Eastern Rites in Argentina (1998‍–‍2013)
* Cardinal Priest of San Roberto Bellarmino (2001‍–‍2013)
* President of the Argentine Episcopal Conference (2005‍–‍2011)

Orders
Ordination| 13 December 1969
by Ramón José Castellano
Consecration| 27 June 1992
by Antonio Quarracino
Created cardinal| 21 February 2001
by John Paul II
Rank| Cardinal priest
Personal details
Born|

Jorge Mario Bergoglio

(1936-12-17)17 December 1936

Buenos Aires, Argentina

Died| 21 April 2025(2025-04-21) (aged 88)
Domus Sanctae Marthae, Vatican City
Buried| Santa Maria Maggiore
Education|

* Maximum College of St. Joseph
* Philosophical and Theological Faculty of San Miguel
* Milltown Institute of Theology and Philosophy
* Sankt Georgen Graduate School of Philosophy and Theology

Motto| Miserando atque eligendo
(Latin for 'By having mercy and by choosing')[a]
Signature|
Coat of arms|

Ordination history

| History

Priestly ordination

Ordained by| Ramón José Castellano
Date| 13 December 1969

Episcopal consecration

Principal consecrator| Antonio Quarracino
Co-consecrators|

* Ubaldo Calabresi
* Emilio Ogñénovich

Date| 27 June 1992
Place| Buenos Aires Metropolitan Cathedral, Buenos Aires

Cardinalate

Elevated by| Pope John Paul II
Date| 21 February 2001
| Episcopal succession

Bishops consecrated by Pope Francis as principal consecrator

Horacio Ernesto Benites Astoul| 1 May 1999
Jorge Rubén Lugones| 30 July 1999
Jorge Eduardo Lozano| 25 March 2000
Joaquín Mariano Sucunza| 21 October 2000
José Antonio Gentico| 28 April 2001
Fernando Carlos Maletti| 18 September 2001
Andrés Stanovnik| 16 December 2001
Mario Aurelio Poli| 20 April 2002
Eduardo Horacio García| 16 August 2003
Adolfo Armando Uriona| 8 May 2004
Eduardo Maria Taussig| 25 September 2004
Raúl Martín| 20 May 2006
Hugo Manuel Salaberry Goyeneche| 21 August 2006
Óscar Vicente Ojea Quintana| 2 September 2006
Hugo Nicolás Barbaro| 4 July 2008
Enrique Eguía Seguí| 11 October 2008
Ariel Edgardo Torrado Mosconi| 13 December 2008
Luis Alberto Fernández Alara| 27 March 2009
Vicente Bokalic Iglic| 29 May 2010
Alfredo Zecca| 18 August 2011
Jean-Marie Speich| 24 October 2013
Giampiero Gloder| 24 October 2013
Fernando Vérgez Alzaga| 15 November 2013
Fabio Fabene| 30 May 2014
Angelo De Donatis| 9 November 2015
Miguel Ángel Ayuso Guixot| 19 March 2016
Peter Bryan Wells| 19 March 2016
Waldemar Stanisław Sommertag| 19 March 2018
Alfred Xuereb| 19 March 2018
José Avelino Bettencourt| 19 March 2018
Alberto Lorenzelli Rossi| 22 June 2019
Michael F. Czerny| 4 October 2019
Paolo Borgia| 4 October 2019
Antoine Camilleri| 4 October 2019
Paolo Rudelli| 4 October 2019
Guido Marini| 17 October 2021
Andrés Gabriel Ferrada Moreira| 17 October 2021

Pope Francis[b] (born Jorge Mario Bergoglio;[c] 17 December 1936 – 21 April 2025) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 13 March 2013 until his death in 2025. He was the first Jesuit pope, the first Latin American, and the first born or raised outside Europe since the 8th-century Syrian pope Gregory III.

Born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, to a family of Italian origin, Bergoglio was inspired to join the Jesuits in 1958 after recovering from a severe illness. He was ordained a Catholic priest in 1969, and from 1973 to 1979 he was the Jesuit provincial superior in Argentina. He became the archbishop of Buenos Aires in 1998 and was created a cardinal in 2001 by Pope John Paul II. Following the resignation of Pope Benedict XVI, the 2013 papal conclave elected Bergoglio as pope on 13 March. He chose Francis as his papal name in honor of Saint Francis of Assisi.

Throughout his papacy, Francis was noted for his humility, emphasis on God's mercy, international visibility, commitment to interreligious dialogue, and concern for the poor, migrants, and refugees. Francis believed the Catholic Church should demonstrate more inclusivity to LGBTQ people, and stated that although blessings of same-sex unions are not permitted, individuals in same-sex relationships can be blessed as long as the blessing is not given in a liturgical context.[2] Francis made women full members of dicasteries in the Roman Curia.[3][4] Francis convened the Synod on Synodality, which was described as the culmination of his papacy and the most important event in the Catholic Church since the Second Vatican Council.[4][5][6] Francis was known for having a less formal approach to the papacy than his predecessors by, for instance, choosing to reside in the Domus Sanctae Marthae guesthouse rather than in the papal apartments of the Apostolic Palace used by previous popes. In addition, due to both his Jesuit and Ignatian aesthetic, he was known for favoring simpler vestments devoid of ornamentation, including refusing the traditional papal mozzetta cape upon his election, choosing silver instead of gold for his piscatory ring, and keeping the same pectoral cross he had as cardinal.

Concerning global governance, Francis was a critic of trickle-down economics, consumerism, and overdevelopment;[7] he made action on climate change a leading focus of his papacy.[8] He viewed capital punishment as inadmissible in all cases,[9] and committed the Catholic Church to its worldwide abolition.[10] Francis criticized the rise of right-wing populism and anti-immigration politics, calling the protection of migrants a "duty of civilization".[11] Francis supported the decriminalization of homosexuality.[12] In international diplomacy, Francis helped to restore full diplomatic relations between Cuba and the United States, negotiated a deal with the People's Republic of China to define Communist Party influence in appointing Chinese bishops, and encouraged peace between Israel and Palestinians, signing the Vatican's first treaty with the State of Palestine. In 2022 he apologized for the Church's role in the cultural genocide of Canadian Indigenous peoples in residential schools. From 2023 he condemned Israel's military operations in Gaza, calling for investigations of war crimes. Francis made his last public appearance on Easter Sunday before dying on 21 April 2025, Easter Monday.[13][14] The 2025 papal conclave elected Leo XIV as Francis's successor on 8 May. Leo XIV became the second pope from the Americas, after Francis.[15]

## Early life

[edit]

Jorge Mario Bergoglio (fourth boy from the left in the third row from the top) at age 12, Salesian College (c. 1948–1949)

Pope Francis was born Jorge Mario Bergoglio on 17 December 1936[16] in Flores,[17] a neighbourhood of Buenos Aires.[16] He was the eldest[18] of the five children of Mario José Bergoglio and Regina María Sívori. Mario Bergoglio was an Italian immigrant and an accountant[19] from Piedmont.[20] Regina Sívori[21] was a housewife born in Buenos Aires to a family of northern Italian origin.[22][23] Mario Bergoglio's family left Italy in 1929 to escape the fascist rule of Benito Mussolini.[24]: 5  According to María Elena Bergoglio, the Pope's only living sibling, the family did not emigrate for economic reasons.[25] His other siblings were Oscar Adrián, Marta Regina, and Alberto Horacio.[26][27] His niece, Cristina Bergoglio, is a painter based in Madrid, Spain.[28][29]

In the sixth grade, Bergoglio attended Wilfrid Barón de los Santos Ángeles, a school of the Salesians of Don Bosco in Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires Province. He then attended the technical secondary school Escuela Técnica Industrial Nº 27 Hipólito Yrigoyen[30] and graduated with a chemical technician's diploma.[16][31][32] In that capacity, he spent several years working in the food section of Hickethier-Bachmann Laboratory[33] where he worked under Esther Ballestrino. Earlier, he had been a bouncer and a janitor.[34][35]

When he was 21 years old, after life-threatening pneumonia and three cysts, Bergoglio had part of a lung excised.[30][36]

## Priesthood

[edit]

### Training and early priesthood (1958–1973)

[edit]

Bergoglio at an Argentine seminary where he studied for the priesthood in the 1950s

While on his way to celebrate the Spring Day, Bergoglio passed by a church to go to confession and was inspired by a priest.[37] He then studied at the archdiocesan seminary, Inmaculada Concepción Seminary, in Villa Devoto, Buenos Aires, and, after three years, entered the Society of Jesus as a novice on 11 March 1958.[38] Bergoglio said that, as a young seminarian, he had a crush on a girl and briefly doubted his religious career.[39] As a Jesuit novice, he studied the humanities in Santiago, Chile.[40]

After his novitiate, Bergoglio officially became a Jesuit on 12 March 1960 when he made the religious profession of the initial, perpetual vows of poverty, chastity and obedience of a member of the order.[41][24] In 1960, Bergoglio obtained a licentiate in philosophy from the Colegio Máximo de San José. He then taught literature and psychology at the Colegio de la Inmaculada Concepción, a high school in Santa Fe, from 1964 to 1965. In 1966, he taught the same courses at the Colegio del Salvador in Buenos Aires.[16][42]

In 1967, Bergoglio began his theological studies at Facultades de Filosofía y Teología de San Miguel. On 13 December 1969, he was ordained as a priest by Archbishop Ramón José Castellano. He served as the master of novices for the province there and became a professor of theology.[43]

Bergoglio completed his final stage of spiritual training as a Jesuit, tertianship, at Alcalá de Henares, Spain, and took final vows as a Jesuit, including the fourth vow of obedience to missioning by the pope, on 22 April 1973.[24]

### Subsequent positions (1973–1986)

[edit]

He was named provincial superior of the Society of Jesus in Argentina that July for a six-year term which ended in 1979.[16][44] In 1973, he made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, but his stay was shortened by the outbreak of the Yom Kippur War.[45]

After the completion of his term of office, he was named, in 1980, the rector of the Philosophical and Theological Faculty of San Miguel where he had studied.[46] Before taking up this new appointment, he spent the first three months of 1980 in Ireland to learn English and stayed at the Jesuit Centre at the Milltown Institute of Theology and Philosophy, Dublin.[47] He then served at San Miguel for six years until 1986[16] when, at the discretion of Jesuit superior-general Peter Hans Kolvenbach, he was replaced by someone more in tune with the worldwide trend in the Society of Jesus toward emphasizing social justice rather than his emphasis on popular religiosity and direct pastoral work.[48]

Bergoglio then spent several months at the Sankt Georgen Graduate School of Philosophy and Theology in Frankfurt, Germany, and considered possible dissertation topics.[49] He settled on exploring the work of the German-Italian theologian Romano Guardini, particularly his study of "Contrast" published in his 1925 work Der Gegensatz.[49][50]

### Return to Argentina (1986–1998)

[edit]

Ultimately, however, Bergoglio did not complete a degree there and he returned to Argentina earlier than expected to serve as a confessor and spiritual director to the Jesuit community in Córdoba.[49][50] As a student at the Salesian school, Bergoglio was mentored by Ukrainian Greek Catholic priest Stefan Czmil. Bergoglio often rose hours before his classmates to serve Divine Liturgy for Czmil.[51][52]

Bergoglio was named Auxiliary Bishop of Buenos Aires in 1992 and was consecrated on 27 June 1992 as titular bishop of Auca,[16][53] with Cardinal Antonio Quarracino, archbishop of Buenos Aires, serving as principal consecrator.[54] He chose his episcopal motto to be Miserando atque eligendo,[55] drawn from Saint Bede's homily on Matthew 9:9–13: "because he saw him through the eyes of mercy and chose him".[56] In 1992, Jesuit authorities asked Bergoglio not to live in Jesuit residences due to ongoing tensions with leaders and scholars; concerns about his "dissent", views on Catholic orthodoxy, and opposition to liberation theology; and his role as auxiliary bishop of Buenos Aires.[57][58][51]

On 3 June 1997, Bergoglio was appointed coadjutor archbishop of Buenos Aires.[16][59]

## Archbishop of Buenos Aires (1998–2013)

[edit]

He became metropolitan archbishop after Quarracino's death on 28 February 1998. As archbishop, he established new parishes, restructured the archdiocese, led pro-life efforts, and formed a commission on divorces.[16][59] One of Bergoglio's major initiatives as archbishop was to increase the church's presence in the shantytown (villa miseria, or just villa) slums of Buenos Aires. Under his leadership, the number of priests assigned to work in the shantytowns doubled, and he visited them himself.[60] This work led to him being referred to as the "villero bishop", sometimes translated as the "slum bishop".[61]

Early in his tenure as archbishop, Bergoglio sold the archdiocese's bank shares and moved its accounts to regular international banks. This ended the church's high spending habits, which had nearly led to its bankruptcy, and enforced stricter fiscal discipline.[62] On 6 November 1998, while remaining archbishop of Buenos Aires, Bergoglio was named Ordinary for Eastern Catholics in Argentina, who lacked a prelate of their own church.[54] On Bergoglio's election to the papacy, Major Archbishop Sviatoslav Shevchuk said that Bergoglio understood the liturgy, rites, and spirituality of Shevchuk's Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church and always "took care of our Church in Argentina" as Ordinary.[52]

In 2000, Bergoglio was the only church official to reconcile with Jerónimo Podestá, a former bishop who had been suspended as a priest after opposing the Argentine Revolution military dictatorship in 1972. He also defended Podestá's wife from Vatican attacks on their marriage.[63][64][65] That same year, Bergoglio said the Argentine Catholic Church needed "to put on garments of public penance for the sins committed during the years of the dictatorship" in the 1970s, during the Dirty War.[63]

Bergoglio in 2008

Bergoglio regularly celebrated the Holy Thursday foot-washing ritual in jails, hospitals, retirement homes, and slums.[66] Bergoglio continued to be the archbishop of Buenos Aires after his elevation to the cardinalate in 2001. In 2007, shortly after Benedict XVI introduced new rules for pre–Vatican II liturgical forms, Bergoglio established a weekly Mass in this extraordinary form of the Roman Rite.[67][68]

On 8 November 2005, Bergoglio was elected president of the Argentine Episcopal Conference for a three-year term (2005–2008),[69] and re-elected on 11 November 2008.[70] He remained a member of that commission's permanent governing body, the president of its committee for the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, and a member of its liturgy committee for the care of shrines.[54] While head of the Argentine Catholic bishops' conference, Bergoglio issued a collective apology for his church's failure to protect people from the junta during the Dirty War.[71] When he turned 75 in December 2011, Bergoglio submitted his resignation as archbishop of Buenos Aires to Pope Benedict XVI as required by canon law.[45] As he had no coadjutor archbishop, he stayed in office, waiting for the Vatican to appoint a replacement.[72]

As a bishop, he was no longer subject to his Jesuit superior.[73] From then on, he no longer visited Jesuit houses and was in "virtual estrangement from the Jesuits" until after his election as pope.[48][57]

### Appointment as cardinal

[edit]

Bergoglio on 18 June 2008 giving a catechesis

On 21 February 2001, Pope John Paul II made Archbishop Bergoglio a cardinal, assigning him the title of cardinal priest of San Roberto Bellarmino. Bergoglio was installed there on 14 October. During his trip to Rome for the ceremony, he and his sister María Elena visited their father's hometown in northern Italy.[25] As cardinal, Bergoglio was appointed to five administrative positions in the Roman Curia. He was a member of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments; the Congregation for the Clergy; the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life; the Pontifical Council for the Family; and the Commission for Latin America. Later that year, when Cardinal Edward Egan returned to New York following the September 11 attacks, Bergoglio replaced him as relator (recording secretary) in the Synod of Bishops,[74] and, according to the Catholic Herald, created "a favourable impression as a man open to communion and dialogue".[75][76]

Cardinal Bergoglio was known for his personal humility, doctrinal conservatism, and commitment to social justice.[77] His simple lifestyle—which included living in a small apartment rather than the elegant bishop's residence, using public transportation, and cooking his own meals—enhanced his reputation for humility.[78] He limited his time in Rome to "lightning visits".[79]

After Pope John Paul II died on 2 April 2005, Bergoglio attended his funeral and was considered one of the papabile for succession to the papacy.[80] He participated as a cardinal elector in the 2005 papal conclave that elected Pope Benedict XVI. In the National Catholic Reporter, John L. Allen Jr. reported that Bergoglio was a frontrunner in the 2005 conclave.[77][81] In September 2005, the Italian magazine Limes published claims that Bergoglio had been the runner-up and main challenger to Cardinal Ratzinger at that conclave and that he had received 40 votes in the third ballot but fell back to 26 at the fourth and decisive ballot.[82][83] The claims were based on a diary purportedly belonging to an anonymous cardinal who had been present at the conclave.[82][84] According to the Italian journalist Andrea Tornielli, this number of votes had no precedent for a Latin American papabile.[84] La Stampa reported that Bergoglio was in close contention with Ratzinger during the election until he made an emotional plea that the cardinals should not vote for him.[85] According to Tornielli, Bergoglio made this request to prevent the conclave from delaying too much in the election of a pope.[86]

As a cardinal, Bergoglio was associated with Communion and Liberation, a Catholic evangelical lay movement of the type known as associations of the faithful.[77] He sometimes made appearances at the annual gathering known as the Rimini Meeting held during the late summer months in Italy.[77] In 2005, Cardinal Bergoglio authorized the request for beatification—the third of four steps toward sainthood—for six members of the Pallottine community murdered in the San Patricio Church massacre.[87][88] Bergoglio also ordered an investigation into the murders;[88] 1984 testimony indicated that they were perpetrated by members of the Argentine Navy on the orders of Rear Admiral Rubén Chamorro.[89][90]

## Argentine government relations

[edit]

### Dirty War

[edit]

See also: Dirty War

Bergoglio was the subject of allegations regarding the Argentine Navy's kidnapping of two Jesuit priests, Orlando Yorio and Franz Jalics, in 1976, during Argentina's Dirty War. After being tortured in captivity, the priests were found alive months later outside Buenos Aires, drugged and partially unclothed.[91][80] Bergoglio is widely reported to have failed to protect the priests, and to have dismissed them from the Society of Jesus days prior to their arrest.[92] In 2005, Myriam Bregman, a human rights lawyer, filed a criminal complaint against Bergoglio, as superior in the Society of Jesus of Argentina, accusing him of actual involvement in the kidnapping.[80] While the complaint was eventually dismissed, the debate over Bergoglio's actions during the period has continued, with Argentine journalists relying on documents and statements from both priests and laypeople in reporting that contradict Cardinal Bergoglio's account.[92]

Yorio accused Bergoglio of effectively handing them over to the death squads by declining to tell the authorities that he endorsed their work. Yorio said in a 1999 interview that he believed that Bergoglio did nothing "to free us, in fact just the opposite".[93] Two days after the election of Francis, Jalics issued a statement confirming the kidnapping and attributing the cause to a former lay colleague who became a guerrilla, was captured, then named Yorio and Jalics when interrogated.[94] The following week, Jalics issued a second, clarifying statement: "It is wrong to assert that our capture took place at the initiative of Father Bergoglio ... Orlando Yorio and I were not denounced by Father Bergoglio."[95][96]

Bergoglio told his authorized biographer, Sergio Rubin, that he worked behind the scenes for the priests' release; Bergoglio's intercession with dictator Jorge Rafael Videla on their behalf may have saved their lives.[91] Bergoglio also told Rubin that he had often sheltered people from the dictatorship on church property, and once gave his own identity papers to a man who looked like him so that he could flee Argentina.[91] The interview with Rubin, reflected in the biography El jesuita, was the only time Bergoglio had spoken to the press about those events.[97] Alicia Oliveira, a former Argentine judge, also reported that Bergoglio helped people flee Argentina during the rule of the junta.[98] Since Francis became pope, Gonzalo Mosca[99] and José Caravias[100] have related accounts to journalists of how Bergoglio helped them flee the dictatorship.

Oliveira described Bergoglio as "anguished" and "very critical of the dictatorship" during the Dirty War.[101] Oliveira met with him at the time and urged Bergoglio to speak out—he told her that "he couldn't. That it wasn't an easy thing to do."[93] Artist and human rights activist Adolfo Pérez Esquivel, the 1980 Nobel Peace Prize laureate, said: "Perhaps he didn't have the courage of other priests, but he never collaborated with the dictatorship... Bergoglio was no accomplice of the dictatorship."[102][103] Graciela Fernández Meijide, a member of the Permanent Assembly for Human Rights, also said that there was no proof linking Bergoglio with the dictatorship. She told the Clarín newspaper:

> There is no information and Justice couldn't prove it. I was in the APDH during all the dictatorship years and I received hundreds of testimonies. Bergoglio was never mentioned. It was the same in the CONADEP. Nobody mentioned him as instigator or as anything.[104]

Ricardo Lorenzetti, the president of the Argentine Supreme Court, said that Bergoglio was "completely innocent" of the accusations.[105] Historian Uki Goñi pointed that, during early 1976, the military junta still had a good image among society, and that the scale of the political repression was not known until much later; Bergoglio would have had little reason to suspect that the detention of Yorio and Jalics could end in their deaths.[106]

### Fernando de la Rúa

[edit]

Fernando de la Rúa replaced Carlos Menem as president of Argentina in 1999. As an archbishop, Bergoglio celebrated the annual Mass at the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Cathedral on the First National Government holiday, 25 May.[107] During Argentina's economic depression, the Catholic Church criticized the government's austerity measures, which worsened poverty. De la Rúa asked the church to facilitate dialogue between economic and political leaders to address the crisis. Although he claimed to have spoken with Bergoglio, Bergoglio reportedly said the meeting was canceled due to a misunderstanding. Bishop Jorge Casaretto had doubted this, noting that De la Rúa made the request only in newspaper interviews, not formally to the church.[108]

In the 2001 elections, the Justicialist Party won a majority in Congress and appointed Ramón Puerta as Senate president. Bergoglio met with Puerta and was positively impressed. Puerta assured him that the Justicialist Party was not planning to oust De la Rúa and promised to support the president in advancing necessary legislation.[109]

During police repression of the riots of December 2001, Bergoglio contacted the Ministry of the Interior and asked that the police distinguish rioters and vandals from peaceful protesters.[110]

### Néstor and Cristina Kirchner

[edit]

Francis with Argentine president Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, holding traditional Argentine mate drinkware

When Bergoglio celebrated Mass at the cathedral for the 2004 First National Government holiday, President Néstor Kirchner attended and heard Bergoglio request more political dialogue, the rejection of intolerance, and the criticism of exhibitionism and strident announcements.[111] Kirchner celebrated the national day elsewhere the following year and the Mass in the cathedral was suspended.[112] In 2006, Bergoglio helped fellow Jesuit Joaquín Piña win the elections in the Misiones Province and prevent an amendment to the local constitution that would allow indefinite re-elections. Kirchner intended to use that project to start similar amendments at other provinces and eventually implement it in the national constitution.[113] Kirchner considered Bergoglio as a political rival until he died in 2010.[114] Bergoglio's relations with Kirchner's widow and successor, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, have been similarly tense. In 2008, Bergoglio called for national reconciliation during disturbances in the country's agricultural regions, which the government interpreted as a support for anti-government demonstrators.[114] The campaign to enact same-sex marriage legislation was a particularly tense period in their relations.[114]

When Bergoglio was elected pope, initial reactions were mixed. Most of the Argentine society cheered it, but the pro-government newspaper Página 12 published renewed allegations about the Dirty War, and the president of the National Library described a global conspiracy theory. The president took more than an hour before congratulating the new pope and did so only in a passing reference within a routine speech. Due to the Pope's popularity in Argentina, Cristina Kirchner made what the political analyst Claudio Fantini called a "Copernican shift" in her relations with him and fully embraced the Francis phenomenon.[115] On the day before his inauguration as pope, Bergoglio, now Francis, had a private meeting with Kirchner where they exchanged gifts and lunched together. This was the new pope's first meeting with a head of state, and there was speculation that the two were mending their relations.[116][117] Página 12 then removed their controversial articles about Bergoglio from their web page as a result of this change.[118]

### Javier Milei

[edit]

Before Javier Milei's election to the Argentine presidency in 2023, he was very critical of Francis, describing him as "imbecile" and a "communist turd". His disparaging comments sparked controversy among Catholics.[119] However, following his inauguration, Milei softened his position and formally invited Francis to Argentina. Milei visited the Vatican on 11 February 2024, the day Francis canonized María Antonia de Paz y Figueroa, the first female Argentine saint.[120]

## Papacy (2013–2025)

[edit]

See also: Theology of Pope Francis § Vatican II revisited, and Theology of Pope Francis § Church leadership

Coat of arms of Pope Francis

As cardinal

As pope

The gold star represents the Virgin Mary, the grape-like plant—the spikenard—is associated with Saint Joseph, and the IHS is the symbol of the Jesuits.[121][122][123]

Francis was the first Jesuit pope. This was a significant appointment because of the sometimes tense relations between the Society of Jesus and the Holy See.[124] He was also the first from Latin America,[125] and the first from the Southern Hemisphere.[126] Many media reported him as being the first non-European pope, but he was the 11th; the previous was Gregory III from Syria who died in 741. Although Francis was not born in Europe, he was ethnically European; his father and maternal grandparents were from northern Italy.[127]

As pope, Francis's manner was less formal than that of his immediate predecessors, a style that news coverage referred to as "no frills", noting that it was "his common touch and accessibility that is proving the greatest inspiration".[128] On the night of his election, he took a bus back to his hotel with the cardinals rather than being driven in the papal car.[129] The next day, he visited Cardinal Jorge María Mejía in the hospital and chatted with patients and staff.[130]

In addition to his native Spanish, he spoke fluent Italian (the official language of Vatican City and the "everyday language" of the Holy See) and German. He was also conversant in Latin (the official language of the Holy See),[131] French,[132] Portuguese,[133] and English;[134][135] he also understood Piedmontese and some Genoese Ligurian.[136]

Francis chose not to live in the official papal residence in the Apostolic Palace but instead remained in the Vatican guest house in a suite in which he received visitors and held meetings. He was the first pope since Pope Pius X to live outside the papal apartments.[137] Francis appeared at the window of the Apostolic Palace for the Sunday Angelus.[138]

As a Jesuit pope, Francis made clear that a fundamental task of the faithful is not so much to follow rules but to discern what God is calling them to do. He altered the culture of the clergy, steering away from what he named "clericalism" (which dwells on priestly status and authority) and toward an ethic of service (Francis said the church's shepherds must have the "smell of the sheep", always staying close to the People of God).[139]

### Election

[edit]

Main articles: 2013 papal conclave and Papal inauguration of Pope Francis

Francis appears in public for the first time as pope, at St. Peter's Basilica balcony, 13 March 2013

Bergoglio was elected pope on 13 March 2013,[16][140][141] the second day of the 2013 papal conclave, after which he took the papal name Francis.[16][142] Francis was elected on the fifth ballot.[143] The Habemus papam announcement was delivered by the cardinal protodeacon, Jean-Louis Tauran.[144] Cardinal Christoph Schönborn later said that Bergoglio was elected following two supernatural signs, one in the conclave—and hence confidential—and one from a Latin-American couple, friends of Schönborn at Vatican City, who whispered Bergoglio's name in the elector's ear; Schönborn commented "if these people say Bergoglio, that's an indication of the Holy Spirit".[145]

Instead of accepting his cardinals' congratulations while seated on the papal throne, Francis received them standing, reportedly an immediate sign of a changing approach to formalities at the Vatican.[146] During his first appearance as pontiff on the balcony of Saint Peter's Basilica, he wore a white cassock, instead of the red, ermine-trimmed mozzetta[146][147] used by previous popes.[148] He also wore the same iron pectoral cross that he had worn as archbishop of Buenos Aires, rather than the gold one worn by his predecessors.[147][149]

After being elected and choosing his name, his first act was bestowing the Urbi et Orbi blessing on thousands of pilgrims gathered in St. Peter's Square. Before blessing the crowd, he delivered a brief speech, greeting those in St. Peter's Square with a simple "Buonasera" ("Good evening", in Italian). He thanked the crowd for welcoming him and asked them to pray for his predecessor, "the bishop emeritus of Rome" Pope Benedict XVI, and for himself as the new "bishop of Rome". He also referred to himself as a Pope coming almost from the end of the world.[150][151]

Francis held his papal inauguration on 19 March 2013 in St. Peter's Square.[16] He celebrated Mass in the presence of political and religious leaders from around the world.[152] In his homily, Francis focused on the Solemnity of Saint Joseph, the liturgical day on which the Mass was celebrated.[153]

The next day, Federico Lombardi told to the media that Francis had met all the cardinals in the Sistine Chapel choosing to stand up, rather than sitting on the chair at his disposal, and that he went back to the Domus Sanctae Marthae on a minivan with the other cardinals, instead of using a private car. Afterward he went to the guest house where he had resided during the conclave, collected his belongings and insisted on paying the bill.[154]

### Name

[edit]

Francis in St. Peter's Square, two months after his election

At his first audience on 16 March 2013, Francis told journalists that he had chosen the name in honor of Saint Francis of Assisi and had done so because he was especially concerned for the well-being of the poor.[155][156][157] He explained that, as it was becoming clear during the conclave voting that he would be elected, the Brazilian Cardinal Cláudio Hummes had embraced him and whispered, "Don't forget the poor", which made Bergoglio think of the saint.[158][159] Bergoglio had previously expressed his admiration for St. Francis, explaining that: "He brought to Christianity an idea of poverty against the luxury, pride, vanity of the civil and ecclesiastical powers of the time. He changed history."[160]

It was the first time that a pope had been named "Francis". On the day of his election, the Vatican clarified that his official papal name was "Francis" and not "Francis I"; that is, no regnal number was used for him. If there is a Francis II, then Francis will be known as Francis I.[156][161] It was the first time since Lando's 913–914 pontificate that a canonical pope held a name not used by a predecessor.[d]

Francis also said that some cardinal electors had jokingly suggested to him that he should choose either "Adrian", since Adrian VI had been a reformer of the church, or "Clement", to settle the score with Clement XIV who had suppressed the Jesuit order.[163][164] Bergoglio, had he been elected in 2005, would have chosen the pontifical name of "John XXIV" in honor of John XXIII. He told Cardinal Francesco Marchisano: "John, I would have called myself John, like the Good Pope; I would have been completely inspired by him."[165]

### Curia

[edit]

Inauguration of Francis, 19 March 2013

Francis abolished the bonuses paid to Vatican employees upon the election of a new pope, amounting to several million euros, opting instead to donate the money to charity.[166] He also abolished the €25,000 annual bonus paid to cardinals serving on the Board of Supervisors for the Vatican bank.[167]

On 13 April 2013, Francis named eight cardinals to a new Council of Cardinal Advisers to advise him on revising the organizational structure of the Roman Curia. The group included several known critics of Vatican operations and only one member of the Curia.[168][169]

### Early issues

[edit]

On the first Holy Thursday following his election, Francis washed and kissed the feet of ten male and two female juvenile offenders imprisoned at Rome's Casal del Marmo detention facility, telling them the ritual of foot washing is a sign that he is at their service.[170] This was the first time that a pope had included women in this ritual, although he had already done so when he was archbishop.[170] One of the male and one of the female prisoners were Muslim.[170]

On 31 March 2013, Francis used his first Urbi et Orbi Easter address to make a plea for world peace, specifically mentioning the Middle East, Africa, and North and South Korea.[171] He also spoke out against those who give in to "easy gain" in a world filled with greed and made a plea for humanity to become a better guardian of creation by protecting the environment.[171][135] Although the Vatican had prepared greetings in 65 languages, Francis chose not to read them.[135] According to the Vatican, the pope "at least for now, feels at ease using Italian".[172]

In 2013, Francis initially reaffirmed the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith's programme to reform the US Leadership Conference of Women Religious[173] which had been initiated under his predecessor, Pope Benedict XVI. The New York Times reported that the Vatican had formed the opinion in 2012 that the sisters' group had some feminist influences, focused too much on ending social and economic injustice and not enough on stopping abortion, and permitted speakers who questioned church doctrine.[174][173] In April 2015 the investigation was brought to a close. While the timing of the closure may have anticipated a visit by Francis to the US in September 2015, it was noted that the sisters' emphasis is close to that of Francis.[175]

### Synodal church

[edit]

See also: Theology of Pope Francis § Decentralization

Francis in Quito, Ecuador, 2015

Francis oversaw synods on the family (2014), on youth (2018), and on the church in the Amazon region (2019). In 2019 Francis's apostolic constitution Episcopalis communio allowed that the final document of a synod may become magisterial teaching simply with papal approval. The constitution also allowed for laity to contribute input directly to the synod's secretary general.[176] Some analysts see the creation of a truly synodal church as likely to become the greatest contribution to Francis's papacy.[177]

On 4 October 2023, Francis convened the beginnings of the Synod on Synodality, described by some as the culmination of his papacy and one of the most important events in the Church since the Second Vatican Council.[5][6]

### Institute for the Works of Religion

[edit]

In the first months of Francis's papacy, the Institute for the Works of Religion, informally known as the Vatican Bank, said that it would become more transparent in its financial dealings.[178] There had long been allegations of corruption and money laundering connected with the bank.[179][180] Francis appointed a commission to advise him about reform of the Bank,[179][180] and the finance consulting firm Promontory Financial Group was assigned to carry out a comprehensive investigation of all customer contacts.[181] In January 2014, Francis replaced four of the five cardinal overseers of the Vatican Bank who had been confirmed in their positions in the final days of Benedict XVI's papacy.[182] Lay experts and clerics were looking into how the bank was run. Ernst von Freyberg was put in charge. Moneyval felt more reform was needed, and Francis showed some willingness to close the bank if the reforms proved too difficult.[183] There was uncertainty about how far reforms could succeed.[184]

### Writings

[edit]

Main article: Pope Francis bibliography

Pope Francis wrote a variety of books, encyclicals, and other texts, including a memoir, Hope.[185] On 29 June 2013, Francis published the encyclical Lumen fidei, which was largely the work of Benedict XVI but awaited a final draft at his retirement.[186] On 24 November 2013, Francis published his first major letter as pope, the apostolic exhortation Evangelii gaudium,[187] which he described as the programmatic of his papacy.[188] On 18 June 2015, he published his first own encyclical Laudato si' concerning care for the planet.[189] On 8 April 2016, Francis published his second apostolic exhortation, Amoris laetitia,[190] remarking on love within the family. Controversy arose at the end of 2016 when four cardinals formally asked Francis for clarifications, particularly on the issue of giving communion to divorced and civilly remarried Catholics.[191]

A further apostolic exhortation, Gaudete et exsultate (Rejoice and be glad), was published on 19 March 2018, dealing with "the call to holiness" for all persons. He counters contemporary versions of the gnostic and Pelagian heresies and describes how Jesus's beatitudes call people to "go against the flow".[192]

In February 2019, Francis acknowledged that priests and bishops were sexually abusing religious sisters.[193] He addressed this and the clergy sex abuse scandal by convening a summit on clergy sexual abuse in February 2019.[194] As a follow-up to that summit, on 9 May 2019 Francis promulgated the motu proprio Vos estis lux mundi which specified responsibilities, including reporting directly to the Holy See on bishops and on one's superior, while simultaneously involving another bishop in the archdiocese of the accused bishop.[195]

On 4 October 2020, Francis published the encyclical Fratelli tutti on fraternity and social friendship.[196]

On 8 December 2020, on the Feast of the Immaculate Conception, Pope Francis published the apostolic letter Patris corde ("With a Father's Heart").[197] To mark the occasion, the Pope proclaimed a "Year of Saint Joseph" from 8 December 2020 to 8 December 2021 on the 150th Anniversary of the Proclamation of Saint Joseph as Patron of the Universal Church.[198]

On 1 June 2021, Francis published the apostolic constitution Pascite gregem Dei. The document reformed Vatican penal law by strengthening the penalties for sexual abuse and financial crimes; it also more harshly punished the ordination of women.[199]

### Ecumenism and interreligious dialogue

[edit]

Main article: Ecumenism and interreligious dialogue of Pope Francis

1.5 Azerbaijani manat postage stamp commemorating the pastoral visit of Francis to Azerbaijan on 2 October 2016.

Pope Francis upheld the Second Vatican Council's tradition by promoting ecumenism with other Christian denominations, encouraging dialogue with other religions, and supporting peace with secular individuals.[200]

### Clerical titles

[edit]

See also: Theology of Pope Francis § Clericalism

In January 2014, Francis said that he would appoint fewer monsignors and only assign those honored to the lowest of the three surviving ranks of monsignor, chaplain of His Holiness; it would be awarded only to diocesan priests at least 65 years old. As archbishop of Buenos Aires, Francis never sought the title for any of his priests. It is believed he associated it with clerical careerism and hierarchy, although he did not apply this restriction to clergy working in the Roman Curia or diplomatic corps where careerism was an even greater concern.[201]

### Canonizations, beatifications and doctors of the church

[edit]

Main articles: List of saints canonized by Pope Francis, List of people beatified by Pope Francis, and List of people declared venerable by Pope Francis

Francis on the occasion of the canonization of John XXIII and John Paul II

Francis presided over the first canonizations of his pontificate on 12 May 2013 in which he canonized the Martyrs of Otranto—Antonio Primaldo and his 812 companions who had been executed by the Ottomans in 1480[202]—as well as the religious sisters Laura of St. Catherine of Siena and María Guadalupe García Zavala.[203] In this first canonization, Francis surpassed the record of Pope John Paul II in canonizing the most saints in a pontificate.[204]

Saints the Pope canonized include Louis Martin and Marie-Azélie Guérin (the first married couple to be named as saints together),[205] Mother Teresa,[206] and Óscar Romero.[207] Francis canonized three of his predecessors: John XXIII, John Paul II and Paul VI.[208][207] Francis also confirmed Pope John Paul I to be Venerable[209] and Blessed.[210]

Francis declared two new Doctors of the Church: Saint Gregory of Narek in 2015,[211] and Saint Irenaeus of Lyon in 2022.[212]

### Consistories

[edit]

Main article: Cardinals created by Francis

Francis created 163 cardinals from 76 countries across ten consistories. He held his first consistory in February 2014, a rare occasion in which he publicly appeared with his predecessor, Benedict XVI.[213][214] After the 2024 consistory, 110 cardinals appointed by Francis were under the age of 80 and thus eligible to vote at a papal conclave. There were, at that point, 110 cardinal-electors created by Francis, 24 created by Benedict XVI, and six created by John Paul II.[215]

Francis's appointments made the College of Cardinals less European-dominated.[216] He appointed many cardinals from developing countries, including some of the world's poorest, and from countries on the peripheries of the church.[217]

Compared to his predecessors, Francis made fewer appointments of Roman Curia officials to the cardinalate.[217] This was part of a general trend under Francis to a more decentralized church.[218] Compared to his predecessor Benedict, who preferred to appoint academically inclined churchmen as cardinal, Francis favored cardinals with a more pastoral focus,[217] especially those known for a focus on the poor and marginalized.[219] Francis also dropped the traditional custom of always appointing the archbishops of certain historically prominent sees (such as the Patriarch of Venice and Archbishop of Milan) as cardinals.[217]

### Year of Mercy

[edit]

Main article: Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy

Francis opens the Holy Door, marking the beginning of the Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy.

In his April 2015 papal bull of indiction, Misericordiae Vultus (The Face of Mercy), Francis inaugurated a Special Jubilee Year of Mercy to run from 8 December 2015, Solemnity of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary, to the last Sunday before Advent and the Solemnity of the Feast of Christ the King of the Universe on 20 November 2016.[220][221]

The Holy Doors of the major basilicas of Rome were opened, and special "Doors of Mercy" were opened at cathedrals and other major churches around the world, where the faithful could earn indulgences by fulfilling the usual conditions of prayer for the pope's intentions, confession, and detachment from sin, and communion.[222][223] During Lent of that year, special 24-hour penance services were celebrated, and during the year, special qualified and experienced priests called "Missionaries of Mercy" were available in every diocese to forgive even severe, special-case sins normally reserved to the Holy See's Apostolic Penitentiary.[224][225]

Francis established the World Day of the Poor in his Apostolic letter, Misericordia et Misera, issued on 20 November 2016 to celebrate the end of the Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy.[226][227]

### COVID-19 pandemic

[edit]

See also: COVID-19 pandemic in Vatican City

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Francis canceled his regular general audiences at St. Peter's Square to keep crowds from gathering and spreading the virus, which had seriously affected Italy.[228] He encouraged priests to visit patients and health workers;[229] urged the faithful not to forget the poor during the time of crisis;[230] offered prayers for people with the virus in China;[231] and invoked the Blessed Virgin Mary under her title Salus Populi Romani, as the Diocese of Rome observed a period of prayer and fasting in recognition of the victims.[232] The pontiff reacted with displeasure on 13 March 2020 to the news that the Vicar General had closed all churches in the Diocese of Rome. Despite Italy being under a quarantine lockdown, Francis pleaded "not to leave the ... people alone" and worked to partially reverse the closures.[233]

On 20 March 2020, Francis asked the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development (DPIHD) to create a Vatican COVID-19 Commission to listen to concerns and develop responses for the future.[234][235] On 27 March, Francis gave an extraordinary benediction Urbi et Orbi.[236] In his homily on calming the storm in the Gospel of Mark, Francis described the setting:

> Dense darkness has thickened on our squares, streets and cities; it looks over our lives filling everything with a deafening silence and a desolate void that paralyzes everything in its passage: you can feel it in the air, you can feel it in your gestures. ...In the face of suffering, where the true development of our peoples is measured, we discover and experience the priestly prayer of Jesus: 'may all be one'.[237]

Francis maintained that getting COVID vaccination was a moral obligation.[238] In response to the economic harm caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, Francis said that it was the time to consider implementing a universal basic wage.[239]

### Death penalty

[edit]

Francis committed the Catholic Church to support worldwide abolition of the death penalty.[240] In 2018, Francis revised the Catechism of the Catholic Church to read that "in the light of the Gospel" the death penalty is "inadmissible because it is an attack on the inviolability and dignity of the person" and that the Catholic Church "works with determination for its abolition worldwide".[240][241] In his 2020 encyclical Fratelli tutti, Francis repeated that the death penalty was "inadmissible", and that "there can be no stepping back from this position."[196]

On 9 January 2022, Francis stated in his annual speech to Vatican ambassadors: "The death penalty cannot be employed for a purported state justice, since it does not constitute a deterrent nor render justice to victims, but only fuels the thirst for vengeance."[242]

### Role of women

[edit]

See also: Women in the Catholic Church

Francis categorically rejected the ordination of women as priests.[5] Early in his papacy, he initiated dialogue on the possibility of deaconesses, creating in 2016 a Study Commission on the Women's Diaconate to research the role of female deacons in early Christianity.[243] Its report was not made public,[244] but Francis said in 2019 that the commission was unable to come to a consensus.[245] In April 2020, Francis empaneled a new commission, led by Cardinal Giuseppe Petrocchi with a new membership, to study the issue.[246] Francis delayed a decision on the issue for several years.[5] In interviews in late 2023 and 2024, he appeared to reject the idea of women deacons, saying that "holy orders is reserved for men."[247][244] Francis said that "the fact that the woman does not access ministerial life is not a deprivation, because her place is much more important"[247] and that women had a charism separate from "the ministerial way."[244]

In January 2021, Francis issued Spiritus Domini, allowing bishops to institute women to the ministries of acolyte and lector. While these instituted ministries were previously reserved to men, Catholic women already carried out these duties without institution in most of the world. Francis wrote that these ministries are fundamentally distinct from those reserved to ordained clergy.[248][249][250] The following month, Francis appointed women to several positions previously held only by men: a French member of the Xaviere Missionary Sisters, Nathalie Becquart, was appointed co-undersecretary of the Synod of Bishops, and Italian magistrate Catia Summaria became the first woman Promoter of Justice in the Vatican's Court of Appeals.[251]

In April 2023, Francis announced that 35 women would be allowed to vote at the Sixteenth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops ("just over 10%" of all voters),[252] marking the first time women are allowed to vote at any Catholic Synod of Bishops.[253]

### Financial corruption

[edit]

Francis was mandated by electing cardinals to sort out Vatican finances following scandals during the papacies of Pope Benedict and Pope John Paul II. He stated he was determined to end corruption in the Catholic Church but was not very optimistic due to it being a human problem dating back centuries.[254]

### Apologies toward Indigenous peoples

[edit]

Early in 2022, Francis expressed "shame and sorrow" for the Catholic Church's role in abuses against the Indigenous peoples in Canada.[255][256] Late, in July 2022, Francis made an apostolic journey to Canada, where he expressed sorrow, indignation, and shame over the church's abuse of Canadian Indigenous children in residential schools.[257] Francis described the Canadian Catholic Church's role as a "cultural genocide."[256] He apologized for the church's role in "projects of cultural destruction" and forced assimilation.[257] Near the former Ermineskin Indian Residential School, the site of a search for unmarked graves, Francis said: "I humbly beg forgiveness for the evil committed by so many Christians against the Indigenous peoples."[255] He visited the Ermineskin Cree Nation's cemetery at its Maskwacis reserve.[255] Francis promised a serious investigation into the history of abuse.[257]

### Sexual abuse response

[edit]

Main article: Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

In 2010, then-Cardinal Bergoglio commissioned a study which concluded that Father Julio César Grassi, a priest convicted of child sexual abuse, was innocent, that his victims were lying, and that the case against him never should have gone to trial.[258] However, the Supreme Court of Argentina upheld the conviction and prison sentence against Grassi in March 2017.[258]

Early in his papacy, Francis chose a more lenient sentence for Mauro Inzoli, an Italian priest accused of child sexual abuse.[259] A church tribunal had ruled that Inzoli should be laicized (defrocked),[260] and he was defrocked in 2012 by Francis's predecessor Benedict.[259] Francis, however, reversed this decision in 2014; Francis agreed with the bishop of Crema that Inzoli should remain a priest but be removed from public ministry and ordered to retire to "a life of prayer and humble discretion."[259][260] Inzoli was convicted of sexually abusing children in Italian civil court in 2016, and sentenced to prison.[259] In unscripted remarks to the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors in September 2017, Francis admitted that he mishandled the Inzoli case, saying that as a new pope, "I did not understand these things well and chose the more benevolent of the two sentences but after two years the priest had a relapse. I learned from this."[260] In the same remarks, he commented that the church "arrived late" in dealing with sexual abuse cases.[260]

In 2015, Francis was criticized for supporting Chilean bishop Juan Barros who was accused of covering up Catholic Church sexual abuse cases in Chile, including crimes committed against minors.[261] In 2018, Francis acknowledged he had made "grave errors" in judgment about Barros, apologized to the victims and launched a Vatican investigation that resulted in the resignation of three Chilean bishops: Barros, Gonzalo Duarte, and Cristián Caro.[262]

In 2019, Francis defrocked Theodore McCarrick, a former archbishop of Washington, who maintained a prominent position in the church for decades despite repeated reports of sexual misconduct against him dating back to the 1980s. In 2017, after renewed allegations against McCarrick, Francis commissioned a Vatican investigation, which found that McCarrick had sexually molested both adults and minors.[263] In July 2018, McCarrick resigned from the College of Cardinals; in October 2018, Francis ordered a review of the Church's "institutional knowledge and decision-making" related to McCarrick.[264] Francis authorized the release, in November 2020, of the report of the Vatican's two-year investigation into McCarrick's career.[264][263] The report largely faulted Pope John Paul II, who appointed McCarrick as archbishop in 2000 and accepted the churchman's denials of sexual abuse, despite multiple reports.[263] The report also found that Pope Benedict XVI placed informal restrictions on McCarrick, but these were never enforced, and Benedict did not investigate or formally sanction McCarrick even after he disregarded those restrictions.[263] The report concluded that Francis, before 2017, "had heard only that there had been allegations and rumors related to immoral conduct with adults occurring prior to McCarrick's appointment to Washington" and continued the approach of his predecessors John Paul and Benedict.[263]

Francis convened a summit on sexual abuse in February 2019, organized by Hans Zollner; some abuse survivors expressed disappointment that the summit did not result in concrete rules on abuse prevention, responses to abuse, and Church cooperation with law enforcement authorities.[265] In December 2019, Francis abolished the "pontifical secrecy" privilege in sexual abuse cases, clarifying that bishops do not need authorization from the Vatican to turn over materials from canonical trials upon request of civil law enforcement authorities.[199][266] The lifting of the confidentiality rule was praised by victim advocates, but did not require the Church to affirmatively turn over canonical documents to civil authorities.[199][266]

In November 2021, Francis thanked journalists for their work in uncovering child sexual abuse scandals in the church. He also thanked journalists for "helping us not to sweep it under the carpet, and for the voice you have given to the abuse victims".[267]

In November 2022, French Cardinal Jean-Pierre Ricard admitted to having sexually abused a 14-year-old girl in the 1980s in Marseille.[268] French authorities opened an investigation into the case while Francis commented that now that "everything is clearer [...] more cases like this shouldn't surprise [anyone]", and condemned sexual abuse as "against priestly nature, and also against social nature".[269][270] Francis did not deprive Ricard of his status and privileges as a cardinal.[271]

Francis visited Ireland in 2018, marking the first papal tour of the country since John Paul II's historic trip in 1979.[272] He has apologized for sexual abuses by clergy in the United States and Ireland.[273]

The case of Slovenian priest Marko Rupnik, accused of psychological, spiritual, and sexual abuse against multiple women, including nuns, drew significant controversy due to the Vatican's handling of the allegations.[274] Initially, the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith (DDF) declined to prosecute, citing the statute of limitations, despite acknowledging there was a case to answer.[275] Rupnik was expelled from the Society of Jesus in 2023 for disobedience rather than for the abuse allegations and was later incardinated into the Diocese of Koper. Following widespread public outcry, Pope Francis ordered the case to be reopened and re-examined. After his conviction, Rupnik preached in 2020 a Lenten meditation for priests working in the Roman Curia, including Pope Francis and Luis Ladaria Ferrer, and met privately with Pope Francis in January 2022.[274] Criticism intensified after it was revealed that artwork by Rupnik remains in use by the Vatican, including in Pope Francis's personal residence, despite calls from Cardinal Seán Patrick O'Malley, head of the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors, for its removal. The controversy fueled broader scrutiny of the Vatican's response to clergy abuse cases and its commitment to transparency and justice.[276][277][278] In January 2025, Cardinal Víctor Manuel Fernández confirmed the DDF was working to establish an independent tribunal to move forward with judicial proceedings.[279]

## Theological emphases and teachings

[edit]

Main article: Theology of Pope Francis

In Evangelii gaudium, Francis revealed what would be the emphases of his pontificate: a missionary impulse among all Catholics, sharing the faith more actively, avoiding worldliness by more visibly living the gospel of God's mercy, and helping the poor and working for social justice.[280]

Since 2016, criticism against Francis by theological conservatives had intensified.[281][282][283][284][285] One commentator had described the conservative resistance against Francis as "unique in its visibility" in recent church history.[286] Some have explained the level of disagreement as due to his going beyond theoretical principles to pastoral discernment.[287]

### Evangelization

[edit]

See also: Theology of Pope Francis § The Church's mission

From his first major letter Evangelii gaudium (Joy to the World), Francis called for "a missionary and pastoral conversion" whereby the laity would fully share in the missionary task of the church.[188][288] Then, in his letter on the call of all to the same holiness, Gaudete et exsultate, Francis describes holiness as "an impulse to evangelize and to leave a mark in this world".[289]

### Church governance

[edit]

See also: Theology of Pope Francis § Church governance

A Carnival float of Francis and Germany's prelate Franz-Peter Tebartz-van Elst, Düsseldorf, 2014

Francis called for decentralization of governance away from Rome and for a synodal manner of decision-making in dialogue with the people.[290] He strongly opposed clericalism[291] and made women full members of the church's dicasteries in Rome.[292]

### Environment and climate change

[edit]

See also: Theology of Pope Francis § Environmentalism

Francis's naming was an early indication of how he shared Francis of Assisi's care for all of creation. This was followed in May 2015 with his major encyclical on the environment, Laudato si' (Praise be to you).[293] In October 2023, in advance of the 2023 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP28), Francis issued the apostolic exhortation Laudate Deum (Praise God), in which he called for decisive action to against the climate crisis and condemned climate change denial.[294][295]

At the 2017 World Food Day ceremony, Francis highlighted the daily impacts of climate change and the solutions provided by scientific knowledge. He pointed out that while the international community had established legal frameworks such as the Paris Agreement, some nations had been withdrawing. He then expressed concern over a renewed indifference to ecosystem balance, the belief in controlling limited resources, and a greed for profit.[296] In 2019, he stated that ecocide was a sin and should be made "a fifth category of crimes against peace".[297][298][299]

In May 2024, Francis organized a climate summit that issued a Planetary Protocol for Climate Change Resilience including three pillars: greenhouse gas emissions reduction (while prioritizing nature-based solutions), climate change adaptation, and societal transformation.[300] The next month, Francis issued an apostolic letter titled Fratello sole (Brother sun, referring to Saint Francis' Canticle of the Sun), ordering the Vatican to construct an agrivoltaics facility on its land holdings on the outskirts of Rome, as a gesture of the Church towards the environmental movement.[301]

### Option for the poor

[edit]

See also: Theology of Pope Francis § Option for the poor, Theology of Pope Francis § Capitalism, and Theology of Pope Francis § Liberation theology

Francis visits a favela in Brazil during World Youth Day 2013

Francis had highly extolled "popular movements" which demonstrate the "strength of us", serve as a remedy to the "culture of the self", and are based on solidarity with the poor and the common good.[302] He had praised liberation theology founder Gustavo Gutierrez.[303] In 2024, while meeting with representatives of the Dialop group, a discussion group between Christians and Marxists, Pope Francis stated that Marxists and Christians have a common mission.[304]

In September 2024, Francis renewed calls for a universal basic income, as well as higher taxes on billionaires.[305]

### Morality

[edit]

See also: Theology of Pope Francis § Morality as a vehicle of God's mercy, Theology of Pope Francis § Sexual morality as Good News, and Pope Francis and LGBTQ topics

Cardinal Walter Kasper had called mercy "the key word of his pontificate".[48]: 31–32  His papal motto Miserando atque eligendo ("by having mercy and by choosing") contains a central theme of his papacy, God's mercy.[306][307] While maintaining the Catholic Church's traditional teaching against abortion, Francis had referred to the "obsession" of some Catholics with a few issues such as "abortion, gay marriage and the use of contraceptive methods" which "do not show the heart of the message of Jesus Christ".[308]

### LGBTQ

[edit]

Main article: Pope Francis and LGBTQ topics

While serving as the archbishop of Buenos Aires, Bergoglio led public opposition to the parliamentary bill on legalizing same-sex marriage in Argentina, which was eventually approved by the Argentine Senate in 2010.[309] A letter he wrote in that campaign was criticized for using "medieval" and "obscurantist" language.[310][311][312] A church source quoted in the Argentine newspaper La Nación called the letter a strategic error that contributed to the bill's success.[313]

As Pope, Francis marked a more accommodative tone on some LGBTQ topics than his predecessors.[314][315] In July 2013, his televised "Who am I to judge?" statement was widely reported in the international press, becoming one of his most famous statements on LGBTQ people.[316][317][318] In other public statements, Francis emphasized the need to accept, welcome, and accompany LGBTQ people,[308][319][320] including LGBTQ children.[321][322] Francis reiterated traditional Catholic teaching that marriage is between a man and a woman,[323][324] but supported civil unions as legal protections for same-sex couples.[322][325] Under his pontificate, the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith confirmed that transgender people can be baptised.[326][327] The blessing of individuals in same-sex relationships was allowed by the document Fiducia supplicans.[328] Francis privately met with many LGBTQ people and activists. In 2013, Francis was named Person of the Year by The Advocate, an American LGBTQ magazine.[329]

He described gender theory and children's education on gender-affirming surgery as "ideological colonization".[330][316] In September 2015, Francis met with Kim Davis, a county clerk who was jailed for six days for contempt of court for refusing to issue marriage licenses for same-sex couples,[331][332] and in August 2018, Francis was criticized for suggesting that gay children seek psychiatric treatment.[333]

In a January 2023 interview with the Associated Press, Francis denounced the criminalization of homosexuality (which he called "unjust"); he also called on the Catholic Church to "distinguish between a sin and crime" and asked bishops supporting such laws to reverse their position.[12][317][334] Francis repeated this stance the following month.[317]

### International policy

[edit]

Francis had regularly been accused by conservatives of having a "soft spot" for leftist populist movements.[335]

Francis with Raúl Castro, 2015

After Francis's visit to Cuba in 2015, Catholic Yale historian Carlos Eire said Francis had a "preferential option for the oppressors" in Cuba.[336] Francis had expressed criticism towards right-wing populism.[337] Since 2016, Francis had been contrasted with US president Donald Trump,[338][11] with some conservative critics drawing comparisons between the two.[339][340] During the 2016 United States presidential election, Francis said of Trump, "A person who only thinks about building walls, wherever they may be, and not building bridges, is not Christian." Trump responded, "For a religious leader to question a person's faith is disgraceful."[341]

In response to criticism from Venezuela's bishops, President Nicolás Maduro said in 2017 that he had the support of Francis.[342][343] Francis met with the country's bishops in June 2017, and the Venezuelan bishops' conference president stated, "There is no distance between the episcopal conference and the Holy See."[344] In January 2019, 20 former presidents in Latin America wrote a letter to Francis criticizing his Christmas address regarding the ongoing Venezuelan crisis for being too simplistic and for not acknowledging what they believed to be the causes of the suffering of the victims of the crisis.[345] Francis had sought peace in the crisis without picking a side.[346]

#### Position toward China

[edit]

Francis took a more conciliatory approach toward the People's Republic of China than any previous pope.[347] He continued the Vatican's longstanding diplomatic recognition of the Republic of China (Taiwan), rather than the People's Republic of China; Vatican City is one of just 12 countries to formally recognize Taiwan.[348][349] In 2018, however, Francis approved a provisional Vatican-China agreement intended to normalize the situation of China's Catholics who numbered approximately 10 million as of 2024.[347] Before, the Chinese government claimed the authority to appoint bishops, without papal approval, through the state-controlled Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association, in contravention of longstanding church doctrine.[347] Under the 2018 agreement, the Vatican consults with the Chinese government on the appointment of bishops and pledged not to appoint any bishop in China without Beijing's approval;[347] in return, the Chinese government recognized the pope as the supreme head of the Catholic Church.[350] The agreement was renewed for two years in 2020.[351][350]

Francis's efforts toward rapprochement with China were highly controversial; a leading critic, Cardinal Joseph Zen, said the 2018 agreement was a step toward the "annihilation" of the Catholic Church in China.[347][352][353] Critics said that the 2018 agreement "sold out" Chinese Catholics by accepting infringements on religious freedom, undermining the Vatican's spiritual authority.[350][347]

The Chinese government repeatedly violated the 2018 deal with the Vatican.[350][354] Francis had defended the Vatican's dialogue with China on the appointment of new bishops, saying in 2021 that uneasy dialogue was better than no dialogue at all.[355] From the signing of the agreement until 2022, only six Catholic bishops in China were appointed.[350] In November 2022, the Vatican publicly accused China of violating the agreement by installing John Peng Weizhao as an auxiliary bishop without Vatican approval.[350] In April 2023, the Chinese government also installed Joseph Shen Bin as bishop of Shanghai without Vatican approval. Three months later, Francis recognized Shen Bin's appointment; the Vatican secretary of state, Pietro Parolin, said that the pope wanted to "remedy the canonical irregularity created in Shanghai, in view of the greater good of the diocese and the fruitful exercise of the bishop's pastoral ministry."[351] The Vatican and the Chinese government renewed the agreement in 2022 and again in 2024.[356][357]

In November 2020, Francis named China's Uyghur minority among a list of the world's persecuted peoples. He wrote: "I think often of persecuted peoples: the Rohingya [Muslims in Myanmar], the poor Uighurs, the Yazidi—what ISIS did to them was truly cruel—or Christians in Egypt and Pakistan killed by bombs that went off while they prayed in church." Zhao Lijian, the spokesman of the Foreign Ministry of China, said Francis's remarks had "no factual basis".[358]

In 2019, during the Hong Kong pro-democracy protests, Francis was criticized by Zen and other Catholic clergy in Hong Kong for failing to take a stand against China's repression and instead being quoted as saying, "I would like to go to China. I love China." Francis compared the protests in Hong Kong to those seen in Chile and in France.[359]

### Theological disagreements

[edit]

#### Amoris laetitia

[edit]

On a theological level, controversy arose after the publication of the apostolic exhortation Amoris laetitia, especially regarding whether the exhortation had changed the Catholic Church's sacramental discipline concerning access to the sacraments of Penance and the Eucharist for divorced couples who have civilly remarried.[360] Francis had written: "It is important that the divorced who have entered a new union should be made to feel part of the Church." He called for "a responsible personal and pastoral discernment of particular cases". He went on to say: "It is true that general rules set forth a good which can never be disregarded or neglected, but in their formulation they cannot provide absolutely for all particular situations."[361]

The exhortation had been implemented in different ways by bishops around the world.[362] In July 2017, a group of conservative clergy, academics, and laymen signed a document labeled as a "Filial Correction" of Francis,[363] which criticized the Pope for promoting what it described as seven heretical propositions through various words, actions, and omissions during his pontificate.[364]

#### Document on Human Fraternity

[edit]

The Document on Human Fraternity for World Peace and Living Together is a joint statement signed by Francis and Ahmed el-Tayeb, Grand Imam of Al-Azhar, on 4 February 2019. This statement is concerned with how different faiths can live peaceably in the same areas; it later inspired the International Day of Human Fraternity, as acknowledged by the UN Secretary-General António Guterres.[365][366] Criticisms focused particularly on the passage about God's will with regard to the diversity of religions, claiming that the "pluralism and the diversity of religions, colour, sex, race and language are willed by God in His wisdom, through which He created human beings".[367][368] Catholic theologian Chad Pecknold wrote that this sentence was "puzzling, and potentially problematic".[369] Some Catholic observers tried to understand it as an allusion to the "permissive will" of God, allowing evil on earth.[368] Pecknold wrote that the diversity of religions might also be "evidence of our natural desire to know God".[369] Bishop Athanasius Schneider claims that Pope Francis clarified to him that he was referring to "the permissive will of God".[370]

#### Traditionis custodes and the Tridentine Mass

[edit]

In July 2021, Francis issued motu proprio, the apostolic letter titled Traditionis custodes, which reversed the decision of his predecessor Benedict XVI in Summorum Pontificum and imposed new restrictions on the use of the Traditional Latin Mass. The letter returned to the bishops the power to grant or ban the Latin Mass in their dioceses, and required newly ordained priests to request permission before performing the old rite, among other changes.[371][372] Traditionis custodes had been criticized by prelates including cardinals Raymond Leo Burke, Gerhard Ludwig Müller, and Joseph Zen, and many lay faithful. Edwin Pentin wrote in National Catholic Register that "The most general criticism is that the restrictions are unnecessary, needlessly harsh, and implemented in an unjustifiably swift fashion."[373]

#### Fiducia supplicans

[edit]

In December 2023, the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith issued a declaration, Fiducia supplicans, approved by Francis.[328] Fiducia supplicans intended to provide clarification and reforms on the Catholic Church's treatment of "irregular relationships", defined as those who establish a monogamous and emotional bond that lasts over time and have not contracted a Catholic marriage. Notably, it allows Catholic priests to perform "spontaneous blessings" of same-sex couples, as well as opposite-sex couples who are not married, and civilly married couples at least one party of which was previously divorced but had not received an annulment.[374]

Fiducia supplicans sparked considerable controversy among Catholics, including from several conservative commentators, clerical congregations, and high-profile cardinals, bishops, priests, and lay people.[375][376][377] Cardinal Gerhard Ludwig Müller called it "sacrilegious and blasphemous" and "self-contradictory".[378] Cardinal Robert Sarah described the blessing of couples in irregular situations as "a heresy that seriously undermines the Church".[379] On 11 January 2024, Cardinal Fridolin Ambongo Besungu announced that all episcopal conferences in Africa, represented in SECAM, would reject blessings for same-sex couples, stating that "the extra-liturgical blessings proposed in the declaration...cannot be carried out in Africa without exposing themselves to scandals".[380][381]

## International diplomatic role

[edit]

Map indicating countries visited by Francis as pope Pope Francis with Italian president Sergio Mattarella in 2022

### Cuba

[edit]

When Francis was archbishop of Buenos Aires, he authored a text entitled "Dialogues Between John Paul II and Fidel Castro".[382] John Paul was the first pope to visit Cuba. After a meeting between Francis and Cuban leader Raúl Castro in May 2015, Castro said that he was considering returning to the Catholic Church.[383] He said in a televised news conference, "I read all the speeches of the pope, his commentaries, and if the pope continues this way, I will go back to praying and go back to the [Catholic] church."[384]

As pope, Francis played a key role in the talks toward restoring full diplomatic relations between the US and Cuba, announced on 17 December 2014.[385] The Pope, along with the Government of Canada, was a behind-the-scenes broker of the agreement, taking the role following President Obama's request during his visit to the Pope in March 2014.[386] The success of the negotiations was credited to Francis because "as a religious leader with the confidence of both sides, he was able to convince the Obama and Castro administrations that the other side would live up to the deal".[385] En route to the United States for a visit in September 2015, the Pope stopped in Cuba.[382]

### Israeli–Palestinian conflict

[edit]

Francis in Bethlehem in May 2014

In May 2014, Francis visited Israel and the Palestinian territories.[387][388] Francis offered symbolic gestures to both sides in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.[388] In addition to visiting the Western Wall, Yad Vashem, and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, he became the first pope to visit the grave of Theodor Herzl, entered the West Bank from Jordan rather than Israel, and invited Palestinian Authority president Mahmoud Abbas and Israeli president Shimon Peres to a prayer summit at the Vatican—both accepted.[388] He also visited Bethlehem, where he gave a speech alongside Abbas, and celebrated Mass at the Church of the Nativity.[388] At the invitation of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, he visited the Victims of Acts of Terror Memorial; at the invitation of Palestinian authorities, he prayed at a portion of the Israeli West Bank barrier.[388] In addition to meetings with Peres and Netanyahu, Francis met Grand Mufti of Jerusalem Muhammad Ahmad Hussein, Chief Rabbis Yitzhak Yosef and David Lau, and Rabbi of the Western Wall and the Holy Places Shmuel Rabinowitz.[388]

In May 2015, Francis welcomed Abbas to the Vatican and said that: "The angel of peace destroys the evil spirit of war. I thought about you: may you be an angel of peace."[389] The Vatican signed a treaty recognizing the state of Palestine.[390] The Vatican issued statements concerning the hope that peace talks could resume between Israel and Palestine. Abbas's visit was on the occasion of the canonization of two Palestinian nuns.[391]

On 13 May 2015, Vatican City announced the intention to sign its first treaty with the State of Palestine after formally recognizing it as a state in February 2013.[392]

In May 2021, amid clashes in Jerusalem, Francis reiterated calls for peace between Israel and Palestinians during his Regina caeli address.[393][394]

Francis condemned the Hamas-led attack on Israel on 7 October 2023 and also criticized Israel's actions in the Gaza Strip during the subsequent Gaza war, saying that "terror should not justify terror" and describing Israel's airstrikes as "cruelty, this is not war."[395][396] He condemned the killing of two Palestinian Christian women by an IDF sniper in Gaza, calling it "terrorism".[397] Throughout the war, Francis had called for an immediate ceasefire, the release of all hostages,[398] and the implementation of a two-state solution.[399] In November 2024, Pope Francis suggested that the international community should investigate if Israel's campaign in Gaza is a genocide of the Palestinian people.[400] From October 2023 until the day he died, he spoke with the only Catholic church in the Gaza Strip every night.[401][402] In his last public appearance he again called for a ceasefire and condemned the "deplorable humanitarian situation" in Gaza.[403][404]

### Migrant and refugee issues

[edit]

Francis with South Korean president Park Geun-hye, 14 August 2014

Francis made the plight of refugees and migrants "a core component of his pastoral work" and had defended their rights in dialogue both with Europe and with the United States. In 2019, he placed a statue in St. Peter's Square to bring attention to the Christian imperative involved in their situation (Hebrews 13:2).[405][406][407] In line with this policy, Francis had criticized neo-nationalists and populists who reject the acceptance of refugees.[408][409]

In April 2016, Francis, along with Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew and Archbishop Ieronimos II of Athens, visited the Moria refugee camp on the Greek island of Lesbos in order to call the attention of the world to the 2015 European migrant crisis. There, the three Christian leaders signed a joint declaration.[410]

In February 2025, following the election to a second term of US president Donald Trump there were mass deportations and swingeing cuts to international aid by the new administration, defended by Vice President JD Vance, a Catholic, by recasting the Catholic idea of ordo amoris (the right ordering of one's love) as a justification for nativism. Francis wrote what had been described as "an extraordinary and excoriating response to US bishops". He cited the parable of the Good Samaritan, described the ordo amoris as the love that "builds a fraternity open to all, without exception" and criticized the focus on solely family, community or national identity as "[introducing] an ideological criterion that distorts social life and imposes the will of the strongest".[411][412]

### Sovereign Military Order of Malta

[edit]

Francis with Polish prime minister Mateusz Morawiecki and his family, Vatican City, June 2018

In January 2017, Francis demanded the resignation of Matthew Festing, the 79th Prince and Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.[413] The Pope's demand was a response to Festing and Cardinal Raymond Leo Burke dismissing Baron Albrecht von Boeselager from his position in the Order of Malta. Fra' Giacomo Dalla Torre del Tempio di Sanguinetto was appointed leader in May 2017.[414]

### Russia and Ukraine

[edit]

Francis and Brazilian president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, in 2023

Following the February 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, Francis visited the Russian embassy in Rome, an unprecedented action.[415] He called Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy to express "sorrow" as the Vatican worked to find "room for negotiation" to end the war.[416] The day after the invasion began in February 2022, Francis assured Sviatoslav Shevchuk, the major archbishop of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, that "he would do everything he can to help end the Ukraine conflict".[417] During 27 February 2022 Angelus address, Francis called for peace, saying, "Silence the weapons!"[418] At a September 2022 interfaith event in Kazakhstan, Francis urged Patriarch Kirill not to become an "altar boy" of Putin's.[419]

Throughout the war, Francis had called for an end to armed conflict.[420] Initially, he avoided specific criticism of Russia and President Putin, frustrating many Ukrainians.[421] Later, he described Ukraine as "martyred" and prayed for the victims of Russian aggression but still did not directly criticize Putin or the Russian government.[421][422] His statements aligned more with countries like Brazil, India, and China[422] rather than the US and Europe—a stance some attribute to his distrust of America.[423] Francis warned against what he called a "simplistic good versus evil perception of the conflict", saying that a world leader who he did not name told him that NATO was "barking at the gates" of Russia, which led him to believe that the conflict was "somehow either provoked or not prevented."[419] These remarks damaged the Vatican's standing as a mediator in the conflict because supporters of Ukraine saw them as echoing Russian narratives about the war.[424]

Francis's blanket denunciations of arms transfers and the weapons industry[421][425] seemed to condemn Western military aid to Ukraine.[422] In a September 2022 press conference, seven months into the war, Francis said that it was "licit" and justified for Ukraine to defend itself but called for a negotiated settlement (saying that there must be "dialogue with any power that is at war, even if it is with the aggressor" and even when "it stinks").[426][427][428] He also suggested that arms transfers to Ukraine were "a political decision which it can be moral, morally acceptable, if it is done under conditions of morality."[426] He later said that Ukrainians were a "noble" people and recounted Cardinal Konrad Krajewski's reports of the "savage acts, the monstrosity, the tortured bodies" inflicted upon Ukraine.[428]

Francis's stances were rooted in part in his hope that the Vatican could broker a peace deal between Ukraine and Russia, a possibility that analysts viewed as extremely unlikely.[421] He dispatched two high-ranking Vatican officials—Cardinals Krajewski and Michael Czerny—as envoys on several trips to Ukraine in 2022.[429][430][431] which was considered a highly unusual move of Vatican diplomacy.[432] In March 2022, Francis consecrated both Russia and Ukraine to the Immaculate Heart of Mary.[433] Francis said in April 2023, during a trip to Budapest, that he was working on a secret "mission" to bring peace and return Ukrainian children abducted by Russia.[434][435] However, Francis's efforts to position the Vatican as a mediator have continuously failed.[422][424]

In early October 2022, Francis for the first time directly appealed to Putin to halt the "spiral of violence and death" in Ukraine.[436] In the same speech, Francis asked Ukrainian president Zelenskyy to be open about "serious peace proposals" while recognizing that Ukraine had suffered an "aggression" and saying that he was "pained about the suffering of the Ukrainian people".[437]

### In the Muslim world

[edit]

Istiqlal Mosque Grand Imam Nasaruddin Umar kisses the forehead of Francis, September 2024

Francis condemned the persecution of Christians by ISIL and supported the use of force to stop Islamic militants from attacking religious minorities in Iraq.[438] In January 2018, Francis met Yazidi refugees in Europe, expressed his support for their right to religious freedom, and called upon the international community "not to remain a silent and unresponsive spectator" to the Yazidi genocide.[439]

In February 2019, Francis visited Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, on the invitation of Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan. Francis became the first pope to celebrate Mass on the Arabian Peninsula, attended by more than 120,000 attendees at the Zayed Sports City Stadium.[440]

In March 2021, Francis held a historic meeting with Iraq's top Shi'ite cleric, Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, and visited Ur, a site traditionally identified as the birthplace of the prophet Abraham. He and the Iraqi cleric urged the Muslim and Christian communities to work together for peaceful coexistence.[441][442]

In September 2024, Francis visited Indonesia, the country with the largest Muslim population,[443] where he attended inter-religious dialogue in Istiqlal Mosque in Jakarta and was welcomed by the Grand Imam Nasaruddin Umar.[444] Francis and the Grand Imam additionally signed the Joint Declaration of Istiqlal 2024, underscoring that the values common to all religious traditions be effectively promoted to "defeat the culture of violence and indifference" and promote reconciliation and peace.[444] The declaration was also read and attended by representatives from other religions, including Protestants, Hindus, Buddhists, Confucians, and Folk religions.[445]

### G7

[edit]

Further information: 50th G7 summit

Pope Francis was the first pontiff to participate in the G7, a meeting of leaders of the largest developed economies in the world. During his speech at the G7 forum in Italy, he stressed that humanity is in great danger due to the wars that are taking place such as the wars in Ukraine and in Gaza. He also stated that the excessive use of artificial intelligence is posing a risk to jobs, and remarked on reproductive practices without specifically mentioning abortion.[446][447][448][449]

### Elsewhere

[edit]

Crowd at the Koševo City Stadium in Sarajevo, celebrating a Mass with Francis, June 2015

In September 2015, Francis visited the United Nations Headquarters in New York City where he addressed the UN General Assembly; following his speech, he visited the National September 11 Memorial and Museum.[450] In June 2023, Francis issued an address to the UN Security Council while recovering from abdominal surgery; the statement was read by Vatican official Paul Gallagher on the Pope's behalf.[451][452]

After the 2017 Catalan independence referendum that originated the 2017–18 Spanish constitutional crisis on 1 October 2017, Francis communicated to the Spanish ambassador to the Holy See Gerardo Bugallo that the Vatican would not recognize secessionist or self-determination movements that were not the result of decolonization.[453]

## Public image

[edit]

See also: List of places and things named after Pope Francis

External videos

Why the only future worth building includes everyone, TED talks, April 2017, 17:51, in Italian with subtitles in 22 languages

Francis was frequently described as a progressive or liberal moderate.[454] Commentator William Saletan described Francis as liberal and fundamentally anti-conservative in his analysis of Francis's first long interview after becoming pope, highlighting Francis's statements "God is to be encountered in the world of today" and "God manifests himself in historical revelation, in history".[455] Other have contested descriptions of Francis as liberal.[456] In 2014, the Vatican criticized some Italian news agencies, as well as the Agence France-Presse, for reporting that a comment Francis made was suggestive of an opening toward acceptance of same-sex marriage or civil unions; a Vatican spokesperson said the pope's remark was taken out of context.[457]

Important aspects of Francis's public image include "his recognizable humanity" and gestures of humility, as well as his efforts to preserve his autonomy amid Roman Curia bureaucracy.[458] He was a frequent user of landline telephones; he reportedly had never owned a computer or mobile phone.[458] Shortly before his death, Francis donated most of his personal wealth, approximately €200,000, to support a pasta-making project at a youth prison in Rome.[459]

In December 2013, both Time and The Advocate magazines named Francis as their "Person of the Year"; Esquire magazine named him as the "Best-dressed man" for 2013, citing his simpler vestments.[460] Rolling Stone magazine followed in January 2014 by making him their featured front cover.[461][462] Fortune magazine also ranked Francis as number one in their list of 50 greatest leaders.[463] He was included in Forbes lists of most powerful people in the world in 2014[464] and 2016.[465]

In March 2013, a new song was dedicated to Francis and released in Brazilian Portuguese, European Portuguese, and Italian, titled Come Puoi (How You Can).[128] A street in La Plata, Argentina, was renamed Papa Francisco in his honor.[466] The Argentine Chamber of Deputies passed legislation to mint a commemorative coin as a tribute to Francis in 2013.[467][468] As of 2013, sales of papal souvenirs, a sign of popularity, were up.[469]

Francis presided over his first joint public wedding ceremony in a Nuptial Mass for 20 couples from the Archdiocese of Rome on 14 September 2014, a few weeks before the start of 5–19 October Third Extraordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops (the Synod on the Family).[470][e]

In 2016, Francis became the first pope to create an Instagram account.[472] He broke records after having gained over one million followers in under 12 hours of the account being up.[473] On 26 November 2020, Francis became the first pope to write an op-ed for The New York Times, addressing issues such as COVID-19 restrictions on public gatherings and the need for global solidarity.[474][475]

Francis was a longtime supporter of the football club San Lorenzo de Almagro. When the Argentine club won the 2014 Copa Libertadores, he received the team at his guest house near St. Peter's Square, where he was gifted a replica trophy and a glove of goalkeeper Sebastian Torrico.[476]

## Health

[edit]

Francis with then-President of Indonesia Joko Widodo in September 2024. Francis had publicly used a wheelchair since 2022.

Elected at the age of 76, Francis was reported to be healthy; his doctors had said the lung tissue removed in his youth did not significantly affect his health.[477] The only concern would be decreased respiratory reserve if he had a respiratory infection.[478] The Pope had suffered from chronic lung damage, due in part to the lung excision he had as a young man. In the last few years of his life, he was prone to bouts of influenza and bronchitis in the winter. Knee problems and sciatica prompted him to frequently use a wheelchair, walker, or cane.[479] In 2021, the Pope's health problems prompted rumors that he might resign,[480] which Francis dismissed.[481] In June 2022, after undergoing treatment to his knee, Francis canceled planned trips to the Democratic Republic of the Congo and South Sudan.[482]

In March 2023, Francis was hospitalized in Rome with a respiratory infection.[483] He returned to celebrate the Easter Vigil Mass on Holy Saturday, in April.[484] In June, Francis underwent abdominal surgery after suffering from a hernia.[485] He acknowledged that his recurring mobility problems had precipitated the beginning of what Reuters termed "a new, slower phase of his papacy",[486] although he was praised by disabled Catholics for making his "disability part of his visible identity".[487]

In February 2025, Francis entered Gemelli Hospital in Rome due to bronchitis.[488] He remained for more than a month after developing a polymicrobial infection of his respiratory tract and bilateral pneumonia.[489][490][491] Vatican News described his condition as critical and reported that he was given blood transfusions and high-flow oxygen.[492][493] Eventually, Francis was put on mechanical ventilation for a number of days, and suffered two episodes of "acute respiratory insufficiency".[494] After the infection improved, he was discharged from the hospital on 23 March,[495] immediately after blessing a crowd from his balcony. He was expected to spend at least two months recuperating at his home in Domus Sanctae Marthae in Vatican City,[496] maintaining a reduced work schedule.[497][498] He appeared in public for the first time since his hospitalization on 6 April.[491]

## Death

[edit]

Main article: Death and funeral of Pope Francis

See also: Reactions to the death of Pope Francis

Procession of the body of Pope Francis in the Vatican Francis's tomb in Santa Maria Maggiore

Francis's last public appearance was at St. Peter's Square in Vatican City on Easter Sunday, 20 April 2025, where he gave his final Easter address and called for a ceasefire in Gaza.[13][499][403] He died at 07:35 local time (UTC+02:00) on Easter Monday, 21 April 2025, aged 88, in his residence in Domus Sanctae Marthae.[500][501] His death, announced by Cardinal Kevin Farrell on the Vatican's TV channel and in a video statement,[502] was caused by a cerebral stroke, which led to a coma and irreversible cardiac arrest.[503][504]

The pope's death began a papal interregnum and a nine-day period of mourning known as the novendiales (Latin for 'nine days'). His funeral took place on 26 April 2025.[505] Cardinal electors arrived in Rome to attend the congregation of cardinals and decided that 7 May 2025 shall be the start of the conclave set to elect Francis's successor.[506] On 8 May, Robert Francis Prevost, who was made a cardinal by Francis in 2023, was elected as Pope Leo XIV.

Francis's spiritual testament, dated 29 June 2022, repeated his wish to be buried at the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome. Upon his death, he was laid to rest there in accordance with his testament, becoming the first pope to be interred in the Santa Maria Maggiore since Clement IX in 1669.[507][508] His testament ended:

> May the Lord grant a fitting reward to all those who have loved me and who continue to pray for me. The suffering that has marked the final part of my life, I offer to the Lord, for peace in the world and for fraternity among peoples.[508]

## Legacy

[edit]

Francis's papacy coincided with a period of widespread change and reckoning within the global Catholic order and within society at large. Throughout his papacy, he was noted for his support for the plight of refugees, migrants, and the impoverished.[509] Since their beginnings, he had been outspoken in his criticism of the wars in Ukraine, Sudan, Gaza, DR Congo, and Myanmar, notwithstanding numerous other conflicts and acts of suppression against the civilian population globally.[510][511][512] He appointed more than 80% of the cardinals that elected his successor, notably reducing the European share of the College of Cardinals from a majority to a plurality.[513][514] He was celebrated for his outreach to China and the African continent, his tolerance towards differing faith communities, and his attention to younger Catholic adherents and the changing nature of the faith.[510][515] Additionally, he formalized the church's policy of opposition to the death penalty in all cases.[516][517][513]

Under his papacy, women remained banned from becoming priests, joining the Diaconate, or being appointed to the College of Bishops or Cardinals. However, Francis made significant strides towards increasing women's presence in the senior and central administration of the church.[518][513][519] He was the first to grant them voting rights within the Synod of Bishops, and increased their presence in functions and institutions of the Church that had previously been restricted to or dominated by men.[251][520] He has nonetheless been criticized by some as having only produced reform within existing frameworks of gender division within the Catholic Church, doing little to advance serious, radical reform of its institutions to ensure an ideal of inclusion and parity.[518]

He set himself apart from other Popes in upholding the Church's departure from the Tridentine mass, which had only been loosely enforced by both predecessors whose reign occurred after the institution of the reforms of the Second Vatican Council.[372][521][513][522] Though it was not banned outright during his tenure, he nonetheless greatly increased Vatican oversight over the facilitation of the ritual, and restricted the right of new priests to engage in the practice.[522][523] Some have stated his view as having been that "the Tridentine liturgy [had become] a symbol of the rejection of Vatican II itself as well as of the pope's teachings."[524]

In 2022, he issued the first apology by the Vatican for its role in the cultural erasure and forced assimilation of First Nations peoples in Canada from the late 19th to mid-20th centuries.[525] His endorsement of the conditional blessing of same-sex couples earned him praise from many progressive outlets within and outside the Church. Some groups, though, have been critical of the extent of his tolerance on various LGBTQ issues, particularly the question of his acceptance of transgender identity and his answer to the larger issue of homosexuality, queer identity, and sin.[526][527][519] The progressive stances he held drew significant criticism from conservative elements within the college.[513]

## Distinctions

[edit]

### Titles and styles

[edit]

The official form of address of the Pope in English was His Holiness Pope Francis. Holy Father was among the other honorifics used for popes.[528]

### Foreign orders

[edit]

*  Bolivia: : Grand Collar of the Order of the Condor of the Andes (9 July 2015)[529][530]
*  Bolivia: Order of Merit "Father Luis Espinal Camps" (9 July 2015)[529][530]
*  Poland: : Order of the Smile (26 April 2016)[531]
*  United States: : Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction (11 January 2025)[532]

### Awards

[edit]

* Olympic Order (2013)[533]
*  Germany: International Charlemagne Prize of Aachen (2016)[534]
* "Person of the Year" by People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (2015) for his request that all Catholics be kind to animals.[535]
* Francis was made an honorary Harlem Globetrotter on 7 May 2015.[536]
* Francis was granted an honorary black belt by World Taekwondo in 2017.[537]
* Zayed Award for Human Fraternity in October 2020 for significant contributions to the service of humanity from around the world.[538][539]
*  Brazil: Medalha Mérito Legislativo awarded by the Congress of Brazil in November 2021.[540]
* Grand Chief Willie Littlechild gifted Francis with the Indigenous name "Wapikihew" ("White Eagle") on behalf of the Ermineskin Cree Nation and presented him with a traditional Cree War bonnet following the Pope's apology to the Indigenous peoples in Canada at Maskwacis, Alberta, on 25 July 2022.[541]

### Honorific eponyms and dedications

[edit]

Francis and Philippine president Benigno Aquino III in Manila, 16 January 2015

*  Philippines: The Pope Francis Center for the Poor – Palo, Leyte (12 July 2015)[542]
*  South Sudan: "H.H. Pope Francis Road" in Juba was inaugurated by President Salva Kiir days before his 2023 visit to the country. The President said, "the road was named after the Holy Father as a gift by South Sudanese to Pope Francis."[543]
* Ennio Morricone composed a Mass setting (Missa Papae Francisci) named after the Pope for the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the restoration of the Jesuit order. The performance aired on Rai 5 and was attended by former Italian president Giorgio Napolitano and other dignitaries.[544][545][546]
* The composer Ludger Stühlmeyer dedicated his work Klangrede – Sonnengesang des Franziskus, for choir (SATB) and instruments – to Pope Francis (Suae Sanctitati Papae Francisci dedicat). First performance: Capella Mariana 4 October 2015.[547]
* The rodent species Oecomys franciscorum, discovered in 2016, was named after both Francis and Francisco Maldonado da Silva, a victim of the Peruvian Inquisition.[548]
* In the oratorio Laudato si' by Peter Reulein (music) written on a libretto by Helmut Schlegel OFM, the figure of Francis appears. It was first performed at Limburg Cathedral in 2016.[549][550]

## Coat of arms

[edit]

Main article: Coat of arms of Pope Francis

Further information: Papal coats of arms

Coat of arms of Pope Francis  |

Notes
Pope Francis's initial grant of arms by the Holy See was as Archbishop of Buenos Aires, when he was Cardinal Bergoglio, in which the depiction of the star and spikenard were tinctured argent. Following his election as pope, these are now tinctured or. The first version of Francis's coat of arms released by the Vatican Press Office depicted a five-pointed star from Bergoglio's archiepiscopal version, but his coat of arms upon election as pope assumed an eight-pointed star, with the depiction of the spikenard also being suitably differenced.[123]
Helm
Bishop's miter
Escutcheon
Azure on a sun in splendour or the IHS Christogram ensigned with a cross pattée fiché piercing the H gules all above three nails fanwise points to center sable, and in dexter base a mullet of eight points and in sinister base a spikenard flower or.[551]
Motto
MISERANDO ATQUE ELIGENDO (Latin for 'By giving mercy and by choosing')
Other elements
Keys of Peter behind the shield and papal mantling
Symbolism
Jesuit emblem : Emblem of the Society of Jesus, in reference to Francis being a Jesuit. This charge displays a radiating sun within which is the monogram of the Holy Name of Jesus in red, with a red cross surmounting the H and three black nails below the H.[122]
Eight-pointed star : A long-standing symbol of the Virgin Mary.
Spikenard : The spikenard flower represents Saint Joseph; in Hispanic iconographic tradition Saint Joseph is often depicted holding a branch of spikenard.[552]

|

## Media

[edit]

By 2015, there were two biographical films about Francis: Call Me Francesco (Italy, 2015), starring Rodrigo de la Serna, and Francis: Pray for me (Argentina, 2015), starring Darío Grandinetti.[553] A music album, Wake Up!, consisting of speeches by Francis accompanied by music was released on 27 November 2015.[554][555][556]

Several documentaries have been created about Francis. Pope Francis: A Man of His Word (2018) is a documentary film co-written and directed by Wim Wenders.[557][558] On 21 October 2020, the documentary Francesco directed by film producer Evgeny Afineevsky premiered.[559][560] On 4 October 2022, the documentary The Letter: A Message for our Earth premiered on YouTube Originals, directed by Nicolas Brown and produced by Off The Fence in partnership with Laudato Si' Movement.[561]

Francis was played by Jonathan Pryce in the biographical film The Two Popes (2019).[562]

## See also

[edit]

* Argentina portal
* Biography portal
* Catholic Church portal
* Christianity portal

* List of popes

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Press reports have provided a variety of translations for the phrase. According to Vatican Radio: "Pope Francis has chosen the motto Miserando atque eligendo, meaning 'lowly but chosen'; literally in Latin 'by having mercy, by choosing him'. The motto is one Francis used as bishop. It is taken from the homilies of the Venerable Bede on Saint Matthew's Gospel relating to his vocation: 'Jesus saw the tax collector and by having mercy chose him as an apostle saying to him: Follow me.'"[1]
2. ^ Latin: Franciscus; Italian: Francesco; Spanish: Francisco.
3. ^ Pronounced [ˈxoɾxe ˈmaɾjo βeɾˈɣoɣljo] in Spanish and [berˈɡɔʎʎo] in Italian.
4. ^ John Paul I, elected in 1978, took a new combination of already used names, in honor of his two immediate predecessors, John XXIII and Paul VI.[162]
5. ^ Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI did not do this during his eight-year papacy from 2005 to 2013; his predecessor, Pope John Paul II, married a group of couples from all over the world in 2000, as part of the Jubilee for Families, and before that in 1994 during the church's Year of the Family, as well as presiding over a number of private marriages as pope.[471]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Scarisbrick, Veronica (18 March 2013). "Pope Francis: 'Miserando atque eligendo'..." Vatican Radio. Archived from the original on 5 July 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
2. ^ Pullella, Philip (26 January 2024). "Pope says LGBT blessings are for individuals, not approval of unions". Reuters. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
3. ^ Dallas, Kelsey (3 October 2023). "The pope's latest comments on same-sex marriage, explained". Deseret News. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
4. ^ a b Faiola, Andy; Boorstein, Michelle; Brady, Kate (2 October 2023). "Amid liberal revolt, pope signals openness to blessings for gay couples". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
5. ^ a b c d Horowitz, Jason; Povoledo, Elisabetta (2 October 2023). "What Is a Synod in the Catholic Church? And Why Does This One Matter?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
6. ^ a b Horowitz, Jason (2 October 2023). "Vatican Assembly Puts the Church's Most Sensitive Issues on the Table". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
7. ^ Davies, Lizzy (15 December 2013). "Pope says he is not a Marxist, but defends criticism of capitalism". The Guardian. Rome, Italy. Archived from the original on 15 December 2013.
8. ^ Sherwood, Harriet (7 September 2021). "Christian leaders unite to issue stark warning over climate crisis". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 September 2021. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
9. ^ Trabbic, Joseph G. (16 August 2018). "Capital punishment: Intrinsically evil or morally permissible?". Catholic World Report. Archived from the original on 23 December 2023. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
10. ^ "New revision of number 2267 of the Catechism of the Catholic Church on the death penalty – Rescriptum 'ex Audentia SS.mi'". press.vatican.va. Archived from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
11. ^ a b Lerer, Lisa; Dias, Elizabeth (21 April 2025). "Trump and Pope Francis Had Sharply Different Views, and Sharp Disagreements". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 22 April 2025. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
12. ^ a b "The AP Interview: Pope Francis: Homosexuality not a crime". AP News. 25 January 2023. Archived from the original on 25 January 2023. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
13. ^ a b "Pope Francis' last public appearance on Easter Sunday". BBC News. 21 April 2025. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
14. ^ Antoinette Radford; Maureen Chowdhury; Christopher Lamb; Christian Edwards; Issy Ronald; Aditi Sangal; Elise Hammond (21 April 2025). "Live updates on the death of Pope Francis". CNN. Retrieved 22 April 2025.
15. ^ "Robert Prevost of the United States is named Pope Leo XIV". AP News. Retrieved 9 May 2025.
16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Direttorju Ekklezjastiku 2016" (PDF) (in Maltese and English). The Church in Malta. 30 June 2016. pp. 1–2\. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 November 2016.
17. ^ Remeseira, Claudio Iván (14 March 2013). "Pope Francis: A humble and outspoken man, and technically also Italian". NBCLatino. Archived from the original on 8 April 2013.
18. ^ Garrido, J. (16 March 2013). "Vida y trayectoria de Bergoglio en seis capítulos" (in Spanish). La Tercera. Archived from the original on 20 March 2013. Retrieved 24 March 2013.
19. ^ "Vatican Web site, from L'Osservatore Romano, Year LXIII, number 12: biography of the Holy Father Francis". Holy See. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
20. ^ Loup Besmond de Senneville (21 April 2025). "Death of the pope: From Jorge Mario Bergoglio to Francis, an account of his Argentine years". international.la-croix.com. La Croix International. Archived from the original on 21 April 2025. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
21. ^ "Regina María Sívori, su mamá". La Nación. 17 March 2013. Archived from the original on 18 December 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
22. ^ Rice-Oxley, Mark (13 March 2013). "Pope Francis: the humble pontiff with practical approach to poverty". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
23. ^ Donovan, Jeffrey (13 March 2013). "Argentina's Cardinal Bergoglio Is Elected Pope Francis". Bloomberg. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
24. ^ a b c Rosales, Luis; Olivera, Daniel (2013). "Francis: A Pope For Our Time". Open Library. p. 42\. OL 27202343M. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
25. ^ a b "Jorge is against regimes. It is because of fascism that our father emigrated". La Stampa. 17 March 2013. Archived from the original on 10 January 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
26. ^ "Los Bergoglio, la familia más sorprendida" [The Bergoglio, the most surprised family]. La Nación (in Spanish). 14 March 2013. Archived from the original on 10 January 2016. Retrieved 22 April 2015.
27. ^ Holanda, Helládio (24 May 2019). People's Pope (in European Portuguese). Clube de Autores (managed). Archived from the original on 10 March 2024. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
28. ^ "La sobrina 'artista' del Papa presenta su obra en Madrid". El Mundo. 3 March 2015. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
29. ^ "'Escribir con el pincel', el documental sobre la obra pictórica de Cristina Bergoglio, la sobrina del Papa Francisco". Se Estrena, Antena 3. 27 June 2019. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
30. ^ a b "Jorge Bergoglio, un sacerdote jesuita de carrera" [Jorge Bergoglio, a career Jesuit priest]. La Nación (in Spanish). 13 March 2013. Archived from the original on 16 December 2018. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
31. ^ "Does Pope Francis have a master's degree in chemistry?". National Catholic Reporter. 3 June 2015. Archived from the original on 20 March 2021. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
32. ^ "Fact Check: False: Pope Francis Has a Master's Degree in Chemistry". Snopes.com. 4 June 2015. Archived from the original on 28 January 2022. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
33. ^ "Su etapa de laboratorista". Clarín. 17 March 2013. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
34. ^ Burke, Daniel (3 December 2013). "Pope: I was once a bar bouncer". CNN. Archived from the original on 23 February 2022. Retrieved 3 December 2013.
35. ^ Chua, Howard (11 December 2013). "TIME's Person of the Year 2013 Pope Francis, The People's Pope". Time. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
36. ^ Lifschitz, Alejandro (13 March 2013). "Argentina's pope a modest man focused on the poor". Reuters. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
37. ^ Sergio Rubin; Francesca Ambrogetti, Pope Francis – Conversations with Jorge Bergoglio. pp. 45–46
38. ^ "Bergoglio, sobre todo 'pastor', tanguero y simpatizante de San Lorenzo" (in Spanish). Agencia Informativa Católica Argentina. 13 March 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
39. ^ "Pope Francis Spoke of Being 'Dazzled' by Girl, Possible Change of Celibacy Rule". Balitang America. NBC News. 20 March 2013. Archived from the original on 8 March 2019.
40. ^ "En 1958, Bergoglio hizo su noviciado en Chile". La Segunda (in Spanish). 13 March 2013. Archived from the original on 18 March 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
41. ^ Lanser, Amanda (2014). Pope Francis: Spiritual Leader and Voice of the Poor. ABDO Publishing Company. p. 96\. ISBN 978-1-62401-628-8. OL 32134361M.
42. ^ "Biography of the Holy Father Francis". The Holy See. Archived from the original on 15 March 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
43. ^ "Biografía: ¿Quién es Jorge Bergoglio?". news.va. 13 March 2013. Archived from the original on 14 March 2013. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
44. ^ Miranda, Salvador (2023). "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church – 31. Bergoglio, S.J., Jorge Mario". Florida International University. Retrieved 25 February 2025.
45. ^ a b "Why Bergoglio travels so little". La Stampa. 29 March 2014. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
46. ^ "Biography: who is Jorge Mario Bergoglio?". news.va. 13 March 2013. Archived from the original on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 6 April 2013.
47. ^ "The year Pope Francis came to live in Dublin". Irish Independent. 30 March 2013. Archived from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
48. ^ a b c Ivereigh, Austen (2014). The Great Reformer: Francis and the Making of a Radical Pope (First ed.). New York: Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 978-1-250-07499-7. OCLC 889324005.
49. ^ a b c "Neuigkeiten 14.03". Hochschule. Philosophisch-Theologische Hochschule Sankt Georgen. Archived from the original on 12 April 2013. Retrieved 14 March 2013. "...einige Monate in Sankt Georgen verbrachte, um sich mit einzelnen Professoren über ein Dissertationsprojekt zu beraten. Zu einem Abschluss in Sankt Georgen ist es nicht gekommen."
50. ^ a b "Biografía de Jorge Bergoglio" (in Spanish). El Litoral. 14 March 2013. Archived from the original on 15 March 2013. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
51. ^ a b Vallely, Paul (2013). Pope Francis: Untying the knots. C Black. ISBN 978-1-4729-0372-3. Archived from the original on 10 March 2024. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
52. ^ a b Shkodziska, Oksana (13 March 2013). "Patriarch Sviatoslav: Newly Elected Pope Knows Ukrainian Catholic Church, its Liturgy and Spirituality". Religious Information Service of Ukraine. Archived from the original on 17 March 2013. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
53. ^ The titular see of Auca, established in 1969, is seated at Villafranca Montes de Oca, Spain: Titular See of Auca, Spain Archived 22 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
54. ^ a b c "Bergoglio, Jorge Mario". Breve biografía de obispos (in Spanish). La Agencia Informativa Católica Argentina. Archived from the original on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
55. ^ "Francis Toughened by Argentine Politics Ready for Papal Test". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 16 March 2013. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
56. ^ Glatz, Carol (15 March 2013). "Pope's episcopal motto comes from homily by English doctor of church". Catholic News Service. Archived from the original on 17 March 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
57. ^ a b "To understand Pope Francis, look to the Jesuits". ncronline.org. 12 March 2014. Archived from the original on 28 August 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
58. ^ "Setting the Record Straight on Pope Francis: A Reply to Frank Brennan". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 7 January 2015. Archived from the original on 24 May 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
59. ^ a b "Jesuit Argentine Cardinal Bergoglio elected pope, takes name Francis". jesuit.org. Archived from the original on 16 March 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
60. ^ Cohen, Haley (20 March 2013). "Slum Priests: Pope Francis's Early Years". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 1 July 2013.
61. ^ Puella, Phillip (9 May 2014). "U.N. should encourage redistribution of wealth, pope says". Chicago Tribune. Reuters. Archived from the original on 9 November 2014.
62. ^ Coday, Dennis (4 April 2013). "John Allen, 'Former aide says Francis may close Vatican Bank'". National Catholic Reporter. Archived from the original on 10 July 2013. Retrieved 23 June 2013.
63. ^ a b Magister, Sandro (2 December 2002). "Jorge Mario Bergoglio, Profession: Servant of the Servants of God". L'espresso. Rome, Italy: Gruppo Editoriale L'Espresso. Archived from the original on 16 March 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
64. ^ Hebblethwaite, Margaret (14 March 2013). "The Pope Francis I know". The Guardian. London, England. Archived from the original on 26 September 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2013. "Luro talked to me at length about her friend, of whom she has the highest opinion, and told me how she would write to him almost weekly, and he would always reply by ringing her up and having a short chat. When Podesta was dying, Bergoglio was the only Catholic cleric who went to visit him in hospital, and, when he died, the only one who showed public recognition of his great contribution to the Argentinian church."
65. ^ Calloni, Stella (13 March 2013). "Acusado de tener vínculos con la dictadura; la derecha lo defiende". La Jornada (in Spanish). Mexico City, Mexico: Desarrollo de Medios S.A. de C.V. Archived from the original on 16 March 2013. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
66. ^ Pullella, Philip (21 March 2013). "Pope to hold major Holy Week service in youth jail". Reuters. London. Archived from the original on 10 January 2016. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
67. ^ Sergio Rubin, "Regresó la misa en latín, con mujeres cubiertas por mantillas". Clarin. (17 September 2007). Archived. Archived 25 September 2019 at the Wayback Machine.
68. ^ "El latín volvió a las misas" (in Spanish). Línea Capital. 17 September 2007. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
69. ^ "Elige Sus Nuevas Autoridades La Conferencia Episcopal". Mercedes Ya. 7 November 2005. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
70. ^ "El cardenal Bergoglio fue reelegido frente a la Conferencia Episcopal". DERF. 11 November 2008. Archived from the original on 22 May 2013. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
71. ^ Speciale, Alessandro (15 March 2013). "Vatican defends Pope Francis' actions during Argentina's 'Dirty War'". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 17 March 2015. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
72. ^ "Bergoglio presenta su renuncia como arzobispo de Buenos Aires, aunque seguirá en el cargo". Terra Noticias. 15 December 2011. Archived from the original on 1 July 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
73. ^ "Is Pope Francis still a Jesuit?". National Catholic Reporter. 18 March 2013. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
74. ^ "X Ordinary General Assembly (30 September – 27 October 2001)". Synod of Bishops. Holy See. Archived from the original on 19 February 2011. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
75. ^ Poirier, José Maria (13 March 2013). "Quiet thunder in Argentina". Catholic Herald. Archived from the original on 19 March 2013.
76. ^ "Synodus Episcoporum Bulletin". Holy See Press Office. 30 September – 27 October 2001. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
77. ^ a b c d Allen, John L. Jr. (3 March 2013). "Profile: New pope, Jesuit Bergoglio, was runner-up in 2005 conclave". National Catholic Reporter. Archived from the original on 3 June 2017. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
78. ^ Rubin, Sergio (14 March 2013). "'El Jesuita,' biography of Jorge Bergoglio, tells of Pope Francis' humble beginnings in the church that he maintained throughout his cardinalship". Daily News. New York. Archived from the original on 18 March 2013. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
79. ^ Falasca, Sefania (November 2007). "What I would have said at the Consistory". 30 Giorni. Archived from the original on 12 July 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
80. ^ a b c "Argentine Cardinal Named in Kidnap Lawsuit". Los Angeles Times. 17 April 2005. Archived from the original on 16 March 2013. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
81. ^ Allen, John L. Jr. (14 April 2005). "Handicapping the conclave". National Catholic Reporter. Archived from the original on 6 August 2012. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
82. ^ a b "Cardinal breaks conclave vow of secrecy". CNN. Associated Press. 23 September 2005. Archived from the original on 1 October 2005. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
83. ^ Wooden, Cindy (23 September 2005). "Article based on diary says German cardinal became pope with 84 votes". Catholic News. Archived from the original on 28 September 2005. Retrieved 21 April 2025. Article gives numbers for the four votes; Ratzinger had most votes, followed by Bergoglio.
84. ^ a b Rubin, p. 13
85. ^ Tosatti, Marco. "Ecco come andò davvero il Conclave del 2005". La Stampa (in Italian). Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2017. According to the source, Cardinal Bergoglio begged "almost in tears" ("quasi in lacrime" in Italian)
86. ^ Rubin, p. 15
87. ^ Sánchez Alvarado, Gretta (20 March 2013). "Francisco: 'El verdadero poder es el servicio'". El Nacional. Archived from the original on 21 March 2013. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
88. ^ a b McMahon, Colin (12 August 2005). "Sainthood effort for 5 slain recalls Argentine 'dirty war'". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 16 May 2013. Retrieved 23 March 2013.
89. ^ Patricia Marchak, God's Assassins: State Terrorism in Argentina in the 1970s, McGill-Queen's University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-7735-2013-9; p. 160
90. ^ Martin Edwin Andersen, Dossier Secreto: Argentina's Desaparecidos and the Myth of the "Dirty War", Westview Press, 1993, ISBN 0-8133-8212-2; pp. 187–188
91. ^ a b c Murphy, Brian; Warren, Michael (14 March 2013). "Pope Francis: Simple image, complex past". Associated Press News. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
92. ^ a b Schmall, Emily; Rother, Larry (13 March 2013). "A Conservative With a Common Touch". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 March 2013. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
93. ^ a b Miroff, Nick (17 March 2013). "Pope's activity in Dirty War Draws Scrutiny". Chicago Tribune. p. 27.
94. ^ "Declaration of Father Franz Jalics SJ" (in German). German Jesuit Web site. 15 March 2013. Archived from the original on 16 March 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
95. ^ Watts, Jonathan (21 March 2013). "Pope Francis did not denounce me to Argentinian junta, says priest". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 5 September 2013. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
96. ^ "Second Declaration of Father Franz Jalics SJ" (in German). German Jesuit Web site. 20 March 2013. Archived from the original on 28 March 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
97. ^ Pablo Javier Blanco (17 March 2013). "Dias inolvidables para su biógrafo" [Unforgettable days for his biographer]. El Papa del fin del mundo (in Spanish). Clarín. Archived from the original on 19 March 2013. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
98. ^ Indart, Ramón (15 March 2013). "Alicia Oliveira: 'Garré sabe todo lo que hizo Bergoglio'". Perfil (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 18 May 2013. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
99. ^ "Yo pensaba si el padre éste era consciente de lo que se estaba jugando". La Nacion. 23 March 2013. Archived from the original on 27 March 2013. Retrieved 23 June 2013.
100. ^ "Un cura español dice que el Papa evitó que lo mataran durante la dictadura argentina". El País. 24 March 2013. Archived from the original on 28 May 2013. Retrieved 23 June 2013.
101. ^ Hernandez, Vladimir (15 March 2013). "Argentina 'Dirty War' accusations haunt Pope Francis". BBC News. Archived from the original on 18 March 2013. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
102. ^ Watts, Jonathan; Goni, Uki (15 March 2013). "Pope Francis: role during Argentina's military era disputed". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 1 December 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
103. ^ "'Bergoglio had no links with the dictatorship,' Peace Nobel Prize winner". Buenos Aires Herald. 14 March 2013. Archived from the original on 24 July 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
104. ^ Fioriti, Santiago. "Atacan a Bergoglio porque Cristina no quería que fuera Papa" (PDF). Clarín (in Spanish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 March 2013. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
105. ^ "'Bergoglio is completely innocent,' says Argentina's Supreme Court". Vatican Insider. 18 March 2013. Archived from the original on 26 May 2013. Retrieved 23 June 2013.
106. ^ Goñi, Uki (19 March 2013). "Pope Francis: what did he really do in Argentina in the 1970s?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 12 February 2015. Retrieved 11 February 2015.
107. ^ Rubin, p. 19
108. ^ Reato, p. 160
109. ^ Reato, pp. 222–223
110. ^ Rubin, pp. 18–19
111. ^ Obarrio, Mariano (27 May 2004). "El mensaje de la Iglesia era para Kirchner" [The message of the church was for Kirchner]. La Nación (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 29 March 2013. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
112. ^ Colonna, Lucas (24 May 2005). "Suspendió la Iglesia el tedeum en la Capital" [The church suspended the tedeum in the capital]. La Nación (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
113. ^ Reato, pp. 224–225
114. ^ a b c "Jorge Bergoglio y los Kirchner: años de una relación tensa" [Jorge Bergoglio and the Kirchners: years of a tense relation]. La Nación (in Spanish). 14 March 2013. Archived from the original on 19 March 2013. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
115. ^ "Cristina Fernández de Kirchner turns Pope Francis from foe to friend". The Guardian. 27 March 2013. Archived from the original on 17 March 2014. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
116. ^ "Pope's diplomacy put to test as leaders flock to Rome". CP24. Associated Press. 18 March 2013. Archived from the original on 20 June 2015. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
117. ^ Gilbert, Jonathan (18 March 2013). "Making nice? Argentina's Kirchner and Pope Francis meet in Rome". The Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on 25 March 2013. Retrieved 26 March 2013.
118. ^ "Página 12 sacó notas de Verbitsky sobre Bergoglio y la dictadura" [Página 12 removed Verbitsky's articles about Bergoglio and the dictatorship] (in Spanish). Perfil. 18 November 2014. Archived from the original on 20 June 2015. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
119. ^ Goñi, Uki (27 August 2023). "The 'false prophet' v the pope: Argentina faces clash of ideologies in election". The Observer. ISSN 0029-7712. Archived from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
120. ^ O'Connell, Gerard (12 February 2024). "Pope Francis and Argentina's President Milei hit it off". America. Archived from the original on 24 February 2024. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
121. ^ "Vatican releases Pope Francis' coat of arms, motto and ring". The Telegraph. London. 18 March 2013. Archived from the original on 21 March 2013. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
122. ^ a b "Lo Stemma di Papa Francesco" (in Italian). L'Osservatore Romano. 18 March 2013. Archived from the original on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
123. ^ a b "Pope stresses simplicity, ecumenism in inaugural Mass plans". National Catholic Reporter. 18 March 2013. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
124. ^ Caleb K. Bell (14 March 2013). "Why the first Jesuit pope is a big deal". Religion News Service. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
125. ^ Howard Chua-Eoan (13 March 2013). "Pope of the Americas". Time. Archived from the original on 31 May 2015. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
126. ^ "Fordham Experts Weigh in on Pope Francis' First Decade". Fordham Newsroom. 8 March 2023. Archived from the original on 9 March 2023. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
127. ^ Fisher, Max (13 March 2013). "Sorry, Jorge Mario Bergoglio is not the first non-European pope". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 15 June 2015. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
128. ^ a b "Pope Francis brings no-frills style to papacy", CBS News, 28 March 2013. Retrieved 28 March 2013.
129. ^ "Pope Francis wants a 'poor Church for the poor'". Reuters. 16 March 2013. Archived from the original on 26 December 2015. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
130. ^ "Pope visits ailing Argentine cardinal in hospital". ABC News. ABC News. Archived from the original on 16 March 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
131. ^ "Pope Francis: 13 key facts about the new pontiff". The Guardian. London. 13 March 2013. Archived from the original on 17 March 2013. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
132. ^ "Briefing di padre Lombardi". news.va. 14 March 2013. Archived from the original on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
133. ^ "Francis and those humble gestures by the Pope, he does not sit on a throne, paying the bill at the hotel" (in Italian). Corriere Della Sera. 14 March 2013. Archived from the original on 31 March 2013. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
134. ^ Peter Walker; Paul Owen & David Batty (14 March 2013). "Pope Francis, first day after election". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 27 June 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
135. ^ a b c Willey, David, News analysis sidebar to "Pope Francis delivers Easter plea for peace" Archived 14 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine, BBC News, 31 March 2013. Retrieved 31 March 2013.
136. ^ Glatz, Carol (2 April 2013). "Can't chant, can't speak English? Pope says it's because he's tone-deaf". Catholic News Service. Archived from the original on 2 April 2013. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
137. ^ Wooden, Cindy (26 March 2013). "Pope Francis to live in Vatican guesthouse, not papal apartments". National Catholic Reporter. Archived from the original on 29 March 2013. Retrieved 26 March 2013.
138. ^ Speciale, Alessandro, "Pope Francis opts for Vatican guesthouse instead of spacious papal apartment" Archived 11 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Religion News Service, 26 March 2013. Retrieved 27 March 2013.
139. ^ Bole, William (5 March 2018). "Five Years Later Changes under Pope Francis are Revealing his Jesuit DNA". jesuits.org. Archived from the original on 11 August 2023. Retrieved 27 September 2022.
140. ^ "Franciscus". Holy See. 13 March 2013. Archived from the original on 15 March 2013. "Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus Papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum, Dominum Georgium MariumSanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem Bergoglio qui sibi nomen imposuit Franciscum"
141. ^ "Habemus Papam! Cardinal Bergoglio Elected Pope Francis". news.va. Archived from the original on 16 March 2013. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
142. ^ "Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio of Argentina Named as New Pope of the Roman Catholic Church". CNBC. 13 March 2013. Archived from the original on 30 July 2013. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
143. ^ "White smoke: Cardinals elect new pope on fifth ballot". The Catholic Sun. 13 March 2013. Archived from the original on 17 May 2013. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
144. ^ Suarez, Ray. "A New Pope, and Maybe a New Era". PBS NewsHour. Archived from the original on 21 January 2014. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
145. ^ Bingham, John (14 May 2013). "Pope Francis elected after supernatural 'signs' in the Conclave, says Cardinal". The Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 15 May 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2023 – via Gale OneFile: News.
146. ^ a b "Habemus Papam: New Pope, new lifestyle in the Vatican". New Europe. 15 March 2013. Archived from the original on 17 March 2013. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
147. ^ a b Uebbing, David. "Pope Francis' personality begins to change routines". Catholic News Agency. Archived from the original on 17 March 2013. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
148. ^ Philippi, Dieter. "The Mozzetta of the Pope". Philippi Collection. Archived from the original on 20 January 2013. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
149. ^ Wooden, Cindy (26 March 2013). "Pope Francis to live in Vatican guesthouse, not papal apartments". Today's Catholic. Archived from the original on 21 April 2025. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
150. ^ His exact words were "Voi sapete che il dovere del conclave era di dare un vescovo a Roma. Sembra che i miei fratelli cardinali siano andati a prenderlo quasi alla fine del mondo, ma siamo qui", i.e. "You know that it was the conclave's duty to choose a bishop for Rome. It seems that my cardinal brothers went for it almost at the end of the world. And here we are."
151. ^ "Pope Francis delivers first blessing, asks world for prayers". Reuters. 14 March 2013. Archived from the original on 10 January 2016. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
152. ^ "Pope Francis in plea for poor as inauguration Mass held". BBC News. 19 March 2013. Archived from the original on 21 March 2013. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
153. ^ Pope Francis (19 March 2013). "Homily of Pope Francis". Holy See. Archived from the original on 22 March 2013. Retrieved 23 March 2013.
154. ^ "Padre Lombardi: il Papa indossa la croce pettorale di quando era vescovo". www.radiovaticana.va. Archived from the original on 10 March 2024. Retrieved 23 April 2025.
155. ^ "Pope Francis explains decision to take St Francis of Assisi's name". The Guardian. London. 16 March 2013. Archived from the original on 17 March 2013.
156. ^ a b "New Pope Francis visits St. Mary Major, collects suitcases and pays bill at hotel". The Vatican Today. 14 March 2013. Archived from the original on 17 March 2013.
157. ^ Michael Martinez, CNN Vatican analyst: Pope Francis' name choice 'precedent shattering' Archived 8 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine, CNN (13 March 2013). Retrieved 13 March 2013.
158. ^ Smith-Spark, Laura; Messia, Hada (16 March 2013). "Pope Francis explains name, calls for church 'for the poor'". CNN. Archived from the original on 17 March 2013. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
159. ^ "Pope Francis wants 'poor Church for the poor'". BBC News. 16 March 2013. Archived from the original on 4 December 2021. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
160. ^ Bethune, Brian, "Pope Francis: How the first New World pontiff could save the church" Archived 3 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Maclean's, 26 March 2013. Retrieved 27 March 2013.
161. ^ Alpert, Emily (13 March 2013). "Vatican: It's Pope Francis, not Pope Francis I". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 15 March 2013.
162. ^ Knowles, Leo (2003). Modern Heroes of the Church. Huntington, IN: Our Sunday Visitor Publishing. p. 115\. ISBN 978-1-931709-46-0. Archived from the original on 20 January 2025. Retrieved 24 December 2024.
163. ^ Audience to Representatives of the Communications Media – Address of the Holy Father Pope Francis Archived 2 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine – vatican.va – Paul VI Audience Hall Saturday, 16 March 2013.
164. ^ Marco R. della Cava, Pope Francis charms media in first press address Archived 25 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine, USA Today (16 March 2013). Retrieved 16 March 2013.
165. ^ "Francis once thought of taking the name John, after Pope John XXIII". National Catholic Reporter. 11 February 2014. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
166. ^ "Pope scraps Vatican staff bonuses, directs money to charity". United Press International. 19 April 2013. Archived from the original on 21 April 2013. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
167. ^ Galeazi, Giacomo (19 April 2013). "Ior: Cuts to the cardinals' 'earnings'". Las Stampa: Vatican Insider. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
168. ^ Allen, John L. Jr. (13 April 2013). "Pope taps eight cardinals to lead reform". National Catholic Reporter. Archived from the original on 2 September 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
169. ^ O'Connell, Gerard (13 April 2013). "Pope Francis sets up a group of eight cardinals to advise him". La Stampa: Vatican Insider. Archived from the original on 15 April 2013. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
170. ^ a b c Speciale, Alessandro, "Pope washes feet of two girls, two Muslims at youth prison" Archived 18 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine, The Washington Post (On Faith), 29 March 2013. Retrieved 29 March 2013.
171. ^ a b Lymon, Eric J., "Pope Francis makes pleas for peace on Easter Sunday" Archived 18 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine, USA Today, 31 March 2013. Retrieved 31 March 2013.
172. ^ "Pope Francis makes an Easter plea for peace", Los Angeles Times (from AP), 31 March 2013. Retrieved 31 March 2013.
173. ^ a b Uebbing, David (15 April 2013). "Pope backs reform of US sisters' leadership conference". Catholic News Agency. Archived from the original on 18 April 2013. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
174. ^ Goodstein, Laurie (15 April 2013). "Pope Upholds Reprimand of American Nuns' Group". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 19 April 2013. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
175. ^ Vatican Ends Battle With U.S. Catholic Nuns' Group Archived 26 May 2017 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times, 16 April 2015. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
176. ^ Brockhaus, Hannah (18 September 2018). "Pope Francis approves new constitution for Synod of Bishops". Catholic News Agency. Archived from the original on 5 March 2021. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
177. ^ Mitchell, Charlotte (2 February 2020). "Pope Francis, everyman pontiff: Profile". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 3 October 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
178. ^ "Pope Francis condemns global 'cult of money'". Al Jazeera. 16 May 2013. Archived from the original on 3 April 2015. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
179. ^ a b Davies, Lizzy (26 June 2013). "Vatican bank faces review by Pope Francis commission". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 18 June 2015. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
180. ^ a b Willey, David (28 June 2013). "Monsignor Nunzio Scarano held in Vatican bank inquiry". BBC News. Archived from the original on 18 July 2013. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
181. ^ "Update on the case of Mons. Nunzio Scarano". news.va. Justice and Peace. 12 July 2013. Archived from the original on 28 May 2015. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
182. ^ Glatz, Carol (15 January 2014). "Pope replaces cardinals serving on Vatican bank oversight commission". National Catholic Reporter. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 18 January 2014.
183. ^ Davies, Lizzy (13 March 2014). "12 months a pope: Francis's report card after a year at the top". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 October 2014. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
184. ^ Vallely, Paul (13 August 2015). "Can Pope Francis clean up God's bank?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 22 October 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
185. ^ Stewart, Sophia (16 October 2024). "Random House to Publish Memoir by Pope Francis". Publishers Weekly. Archived from the original on 12 November 2024. Retrieved 16 October 2024.
186. ^ Francis. "Lumen Fidei (29 June 2013)". w2.vatican.va. Archived from the original on 15 January 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
187. ^ "Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii Gaudium of the Holy Father Francis to the Bishops, Clergy, Consecrated Persons and the Lay Faithful on the Proclamation of the Gospel in Today's World". Holy See. Archived from the original on 11 August 2015. Retrieved 26 December 2019.
188. ^ a b "'Evangelii Gaudium' amounts to Francis' 'I Have a Dream' speech". National Catholic Reporter. 26 November 2013. Archived from the original on 25 September 2019. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
189. ^ Yardley, Jim; Goodstein, Laurie (18 June 2015). "Pope Francis, in Sweeping Encyclical, Calls for Swift Action on Climate Change". The New York Times.
190. ^ Pope Francis (8 April 2016), Amoris laetitia Archived 14 January 2021 at the Wayback Machine. The Holy See. Retrieved 20 April 2016.
191. ^ McElwee, Josh (14 November 2016). "Four cardinals openly challenge Francis over 'Amoris Laetitia'". Vatican Insider. Archived from the original on 30 September 2017. Retrieved 20 December 2016.
192. ^ Pope Francis, Gaudete et exsultate Archived 9 July 2023 at the Wayback Machine, 19 March 2018. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
193. ^ Horowitz, Jason; Dias, Elizabeth (5 February 2019). "Pope Acknowledges Nuns Were Sexually Abused by Priests and Bishops". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 8 February 2019. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
194. ^ Held, Amy; Poggioli, Sylvia (21 February 2019). "'A Life Destroyed': Survivors And Pope Address Clergy Sex Abuse at Vatican Summit". NPR. Archived from the original on 25 September 2019. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
195. ^ "Pope Francis Signs Motu Proprio to Prevent and Denounce Abuses in the Catholic Church". NCR. 9 May 2019. Archived from the original on 7 November 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
196. ^ a b Pentin, Edward (4 October 2020). "Pope's New Encyclical 'Fratelli Tutti' Outlines Vision for a Better World". National Catholic Register. Archived from the original on 5 October 2020. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
197. ^ Francis. "Apostolic Letter Patris Corde of the Holy Father Francis on the 150th Anniversary of the proclamation of Saint Joseph as Patron of the Universal Church (8 December 2020)". www.vatican.va. Archived from the original on 10 December 2021. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
198. ^ "Pope Francis proclaims 'Year of St Joseph'". Vatican News. 8 December 2020. Archived from the original on 21 October 2021.
199. ^ a b c Giangravé, Claire. "Pope Francis issues long-awaited reform of Vatican penal law". The Washington Post. Religion News Service. Archived from the original on 4 June 2021. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
200. ^ "Pope Francis says "True ecumenism is realized on a journey." "we have to walk together, pray together and work together....serve the poor, help Christian and non-Christian communities." FULL TEXT". Catholic News World. 14 September 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2025. Retrieved 23 April 2025.
201. ^ O'Connell, Gerard (4 January 2014). "Pope abolishes honorary title of monsignor for diocesan priests under the age of 65". Vatican Insider. Archived from the original on 4 January 2014. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
202. ^ "L'addio di papa Ratzinger: 'Lascio per il bene della Chiesa'. Il fratello Georg: 'Lo sapevo da mesi'". Il Sole 24 ORE. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
203. ^ "Francis canonises first saints of his papacy". Al Jazeera. 12 May 2013. Archived from the original on 13 May 2013. Retrieved 12 May 2013.
204. ^ "Francis is the pope who has canonized the most saints". Aleteia. 16 October 2024. Archived from the original on 12 March 2025. Retrieved 25 February 2025.
205. ^ "Pope Francis canonises Louis and Zélie Martin". Catholic Herald. 19 October 2015. Archived from the original on 14 October 2017. Retrieved 14 October 2017.
206. ^ "Mother Teresa officially becomes a saint at canonization ceremony in Vatican City". ABC News Australia. 5 September 2016. Archived from the original on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 14 October 2017.
207. ^ a b Pullella, Philip (14 October 2018). "Slain Salvadoran bishop Romero and Pope Paul VI become saints". Reuters. Archived from the original on 11 August 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
208. ^ "Sainthood for John Paul II, John XXIII in canonization ceremony". CNN. 27 April 2014. Archived from the original on 14 October 2017. Retrieved 14 October 2017.
209. ^ Junno Arocho Esteves (9 November 2017). "Pope Francis officially declares John Paul I 'venerable'". Catholic Herald. Archived from the original on 10 November 2017. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
210. ^ "Pope Francis beatifies his predecessor John Paul I". The Guardian. 4 September 2022. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
211. ^ "Newest Doctor of the Church: St. Gregory of Narek". Vatican Radio. 13 April 2015. Archived from the original on 16 November 2017. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
212. ^ Junno Arocho Esteves (21 January 2022). "Pope declares St. Irenaeus a doctor of the church". National Catholic Reporter. Archived from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
213. ^ Pope Francis inducts new cardinals as predecessor Benedict looks on Archived 17 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Reuters, 22 February 2014. Retrieved 22 February 2014.
214. ^ Pope Francis appoints 19 new cardinals in Rome ceremony Archived 3 January 2019 at the Wayback Machine, BBC News, 22 February 2014. Retrieved 22 February 2014.
215. ^ White, Christopher (7 December 2024). "A bruised Pope Francis tells 21 new cardinals: 'Walk in the path of Jesus'". National Catholic Reporter. Archived from the original on 13 January 2025. Retrieved 23 February 2025.
216. ^ Diamant, Jeff (20 September 2023). "Under Pope Francis, the College of Cardinals has become less European". Pew Research Center.
217. ^ a b c d Thomas Reese (18 July 2023). "Francis now has the cardinals he needs for the next conclave. Is it enough?". National Catholic Register.
218. ^ Edward Pentin (10 January 2018). "Francis' Fifth: A Synod, Humanae Vitae Milestone and More Decentralized Church". National Catholic Register.
219. ^ "Freed from elevator, pope names new cardinals from Muslim, developing countries". Deutsche Welle. 1 September 2019. Archived from the original on 1 September 2019. Retrieved 2 September 2019.
220. ^ O'Connell, Gerard (13 March 2015). "Pope Francis Announces a 'Jubilee Year of Mercy'". Retrieved 14 May 2025.
221. ^ "Misericordiae Vultus (Face of Mercy)". Apostolic Vicariate of Southern Arabia. 12 April 2015. Retrieved 13 May 2025.
222. ^ San Martín, Inés (8 December 2015). "Opening the Holy Year, Francis says mercy always trumps judgment". Crux. Archived from the original on 5 January 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
223. ^ "The Gift Of The Indulgence (29 January 2000)". vatican.va. Archived from the original on 16 July 2020. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
224. ^ Misericordiae Vultus – Bull of indiction of the Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy (11 April 2015). The Holy See. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
225. ^ Pope Francis: Now is the time for mercy :: Catholic News Agency (CNA). (11 April 2015). Retrieved 8 May 2015.
226. ^ "World Day of the Poor". Justice and Peace Office. Archived from the original on 18 June 2018. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
227. ^ "Card Ranjith calls for prayers and practical action on World Day of the Poor". Herald Malaysia Online. 30 November 2017. Archived from the original on 18 June 2018. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
228. ^ Pullella, Philip (7 March 2020). "Pope cancels main public appearances to stop crowds gathering amid coronavirus". Reuters. Archived from the original on 16 March 2020. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
229. ^ "Pope tells priests to go out and meet the coronavirus sick". Agence France-Presse. 10 March 2020. Archived from the original on 11 March 2020. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
230. ^ "Pope Francis: Do Not Forget the Poor During the Coronavirus Pandemic". National Catholic Register. 12 March 2020. Archived from the original on 10 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
231. ^ "Pope Francis Prays for Coronavirus Victims in China". National Catholic Register. 26 January 2020. Archived from the original on 26 January 2020. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
232. ^ "Pope Francis Asks for Mary's Protection of Rome Against Coronavirus". National Catholic Register. 12 March 2020. Archived from the original on 10 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
233. ^ "Rome reopens some churches to let people pray". Rome Reports. 13 March 2020. Retrieved 25 February 2025.
234. ^ "We must think of the aftermath of COVID-19 so we are not unprepared". Vatican News. Archived from the original on 10 January 2021. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
235. ^ "Vatican Covid-19 Commission – Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development". humandevelopment.va. Archived from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 14 May 2021.
236. ^ Altieri, Christopher R. (27 March 2020). "Pope Francis to give extraordinary benediction urbi et orbi". Catholic Herald. Archived from the original on 15 August 2020. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
237. ^ "Papa Francesco prega nella piazza San Pietro vuota: 'Fitte tenebre si sono addensate, scenda la benedizione di Dio'". la Repubblica (in Italian). 27 March 2020. Archived from the original on 26 May 2020. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
238. ^ "On COVID vaccinations, Pope says health care is a 'moral obligation'". NPR. The Associated Press. 10 January 2022. Archived from the original on 22 February 2025. Retrieved 25 February 2025.
239. ^ "Pope calls for consideration of 'universal basic wage' for unprotected workers". Vatican News. 13 April 2020. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
240. ^ a b Brockhaus, Hannah (2 August 2018). "Vatican changes Catechism teaching on death penalty, calls it 'inadmissible'". Catholic News Agency. Archived from the original on 2 August 2018. Retrieved 2 August 2018.
241. ^ Harlan, Chico (2 August 2018). "Pope Francis changes Catholic Church teaching to say death penalty is 'inadmissible'". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2 August 2018. Retrieved 2 August 2018.
242. ^ Pullella, Philip (9 January 2023). "Pope condemns Iran's use of death penalty against protesters". Reuters. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
243. ^ Daniel Burke and Holly Yan, Pope Francis creates commission to study history of female deacons Archived 24 August 2024 at the Wayback Machine, CNN (2 August 2016).
244. ^ a b c Colleen Dulle, Pope Francis says no to women deacons in '60 Minutes' interview Archived 24 August 2024 at the Wayback Machine, America (21 May 2024).
245. ^ Joshua J. McElwee, Francis: Women deacons commission gave split report on their role in early church Archived 31 July 2022 at the Wayback Machine, National Catholic Reporter (7 May 2019).
246. ^ Joshua J. McElwee, Francis creates new women deacons commission, naming entirely different membership Archived 24 August 2024 at the Wayback Machine, National Catholic Reporter (8 April 2022).
247. ^ a b Brockhaus, Hannah (25 October 2023). "Pope Francis on women deacons: 'Holy orders is reserved for men'". Catholic News Agency. Rome. Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
248. ^ Francesco. "Lettera Apostolica in forma di Motu proprio, sulla modifica del can. 230 § 1 del Codice di Diritto Canonico circa l'accesso delle persone di sesso femminile al ministero istituito del Lettorato e dell'Accolitato (10 gennaio 2021)". www.vatican.va. Archived from the original on 11 January 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
249. ^ Mares, Courtney (11 January 2021). "Pope Francis admits women to ministries of lector and acolyte in new motu proprio". Catholic News Agency. Archived from the original on 11 January 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
250. ^ "Pope Francis: Ministries of lector and acolyte to be open to women". Vatican News. 11 January 2021. Archived from the original on 11 January 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
251. ^ a b "Pope Francis appoints more women to Vatican posts previously held only by men". NBC News. 7 February 2021. Archived from the original on 7 February 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2021.
252. ^ Povoledo, Elisabetta (26 April 2023). "Pope Will Allow Women to Vote at Meeting of Bishops". New York Times. Archived from the original on 26 April 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
253. ^ Pullella, Philip (26 April 2023). "Pope allows women to vote at bishops meeting for first time". Reuters. Archived from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023 – via www.reuters.com.
254. ^ "Pope shakes up running of Vatican funds after London property scandal". Reuters. 5 November 2020. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 18 December 2021.
255. ^ a b c Scott Neuman, The pope's apology in Canada was historic, but for some Indigenous people, not enough Archived 14 August 2024 at the Wayback Machine, NPR (25 July 2022).
256. ^ a b Horowitz, Jason (30 July 2022). "Francis Calls Abuse of Indigenous People in Canada a 'Genocide'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
257. ^ a b c "Pope apologizes for 'deplorable evil' of Indigenous abuse in Canadian Catholic residential schools". CNN. 25 July 2022. Archived from the original on 25 July 2022. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
258. ^ a b "Pope's role in study of Argentine sex abuse case draws fire". Crux Now. Boston, Massachusetts: Boston Globe Media Partners, LLC. Associated Press. 18 September 2018. Archived from the original on 27 April 2019. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
259. ^ a b c d Ella Ide, Pope defrocks pedophile priest who claimed abuse was old Jewish ritual Archived 31 August 2024 at the Wayback Machine, Times of Israel (28 June 2017).
260. ^ a b c d Pullella, Philip (21 September 2017). "Pope candidly admits Church 'arrived late' in confronting abuse". Reuters. Archived from the original on 29 March 2019. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
261. ^ Kirchgaessner, Stephanie (31 March 2015). "Vatican supports Chilean bishop despite allegations of sex abuse cover-up". The Guardian. London, England. Archived from the original on 20 October 2018. Retrieved 11 February 2017.
262. ^ Chappell, Bill (11 June 2018). "Pope acknowledges 'grave errors' in Chilean sex abuse scandal". NPR. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
263. ^ a b c d e Nicole Winfield (10 November 2020). "Vatican faults others for McCarrick's rise, spares Francis". Associated Press News. Archived from the original on 14 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
264. ^ a b Report on the Holy See's Institutional Knowledge and Decision-Making Related to Former Cardinal Theodore Edgar McCarrick (1930 to 2017) Archived 14 August 2024 at the Wayback Machine, Prepared by the Secretariat of State of the Holy See, Vatican City State (10 November 2020).
265. ^ Nugent, Ciara (28 February 2019). "Why the Pope's Summit on Abuse Disappointed Some Survivors". Time. Archived from the original on 7 November 2024. Retrieved 17 November 2024.
266. ^ a b Barnini Chakraborty (17 December 2017). "Pope Francis lifts 'pontifical secret' in clergy sex abuse cases used to protect pedophiles, silence victims". Fox News. Archived from the original on 17 December 2019. Retrieved 17 December 2019.
267. ^ "Pope thanks journalists for helping expose Church sex scandals". Reuters. 13 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
268. ^ Pullella, Philip (11 November 2022). "Vatican to investigate French cardinal who abused 14-year-old girl". Reuters. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
269. ^ Wimmer, AC (7 November 2022). "French cardinal confesses to sexual abuse". Catholic News Agency. Archived from the original on 17 February 2023. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
270. ^ Miguel, Aura (8 November 2022). "Papa Francisco. Enfrentar abusos na Igreja "implica coragem e nem todos a têm"" [Pope Francis: Facing abuses in the Church "implies courage and not everybody has it"]. Sapo.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 9 November 2022.
271. ^ De Neuville, Héloïse (27 September 2023). "Banned from public ministry, French cardinal could still vote in conclave". La croix international. Archived from the original on 13 February 2025. Retrieved 13 February 2025.
272. ^ McDonald, Henry (28 November 2016). "Pope Francis to visit Ireland in 2018". The Guardian. London, England. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 28 November 2016.
273. ^ Ortiz, Erik (20 August 2018). "Pope apologizes for priest sex abuse scandal with 'sorrow and shame'". New York City: NBC News. Archived from the original on 20 May 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
274. ^ a b "The complex case of Fr Marko Rupnik, explained". The Pillar. 15 December 2022. Archived from the original on 13 February 2025. Retrieved 13 February 2025.
275. ^ Winfield, Nicole (6 December 2022). "Jesuit artist has ministry cut; Vatican doesn't prosecute". AP News. Archived from the original on 13 February 2025. Retrieved 13 February 2025.
276. ^ Winfield, Nicole (19 December 2022). "Vatican investigator says claims of Jesuit abuse true". AP News. Retrieved 13 February 2025.
277. ^ Collins, Charles (26 January 2025). "Rupnik case casts shadow on Vatican's commitment to fight abuse". Crux. Archived from the original on 13 February 2025. Retrieved 13 February 2025.
278. ^ Brockhaus, Hannah (27 October 2024). "Victims 'betrayed' as Vatican investigation of Rupnik hits 1 year". Catholic News Agency. Archived from the original on 13 February 2025. Retrieved 13 February 2025.
279. ^ Pentin, Edward (25 January 2025). "Cardinal Fernández: Father Rupnik Investigation Completed, Independent Tribunal Now Being Established". NCR. Archived from the original on 25 January 2025. Retrieved 13 February 2025.
280. ^ Wooden, Cindy (26 November 2013). "A summary of the key issues raised by Pope in Evangelii Gaudium". Catholic Herald. Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
281. ^ Pepinster, Catherine (4 March 2017). "Civil war in the Vatican as conservatives battle Francis for the soul of Catholicism". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 13 April 2019. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
282. ^ Winfield, Nicole (4 February 2017). "Conservative criticism intensifies against Pope Francis". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 4 February 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
283. ^ Schneider, Matthew (5 March 2017). "How Pope Francis and his conservative critics may both be right". Crux. Archived from the original on 26 April 2019. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
284. ^ Brown, Andrew (27 October 2017). "The war against Pope Francis". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 8 May 2019. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
285. ^ Willan, Philip (2 March 2017). "Anti-reform cardinals 'want the Pope to quit'". Archived from the original on 5 October 2018. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
286. ^ Weir, Bill. "Why Pope Francis scares some conservatives". CNN. Archived from the original on 2 September 2018. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
287. ^ Codina, Victor (12 September 2019). "Why do some Catholics oppose Pope Francis?". America Magazine. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
288. ^ "Pope: A missionary and pastoral conversion for a Church open to changing its structures". AsiaNews.it. Archived from the original on 25 September 2019. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
289. ^ "The pope's new doc on holiness: Gaudete et Exultate in 15 key words". Aleteia. 9 April 2018. Retrieved 1 October 2020.
290. ^ "Church reform requires decentralization, synodality". National Catholic Reporter. 11 February 2016. Archived from the original on 23 October 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
291. ^ "Pope: Warns that Poorly Trained Priests Can Become 'Little Monsters'". America Magazine. 4 January 2014. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
292. ^ "Theologians praise pope's historic appointment of women as members of Vatican congregation". National Catholic Reporter. 11 July 2019. Archived from the original on 25 September 2019. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
293. ^ Burton, Tara Isabella (11 July 2014). "Pope Francis's Radical Environmentalism". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2020.
294. ^ "Franziskus ruft zu raschen Maßnahmen gegen Erderwärmung auf "Laudate Deum" veröffentlicht: Papst kritisiert Klimaleugner". katholisch.de. Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
295. ^ Horowitz; Povoledo (4 October 2023). "Francis Issues Urgent Call to Save a Planet Near 'the Breaking Point'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
296. ^ "Visit of the Holy Father Francis to the headquarters of the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) in Rome for World Food Day". Archived from the original on 16 June 2019. Retrieved 16 June 2019.
297. ^ "Pope Supports Classifying 'Ecocide' as an International Crime". National Review. 17 September 2020. Archived from the original on 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
298. ^ "This movement wants to make harming the planet an international crime". The Guardian. 16 September 2020. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
299. ^ "Pope Francis: Catechism will be updated to define ecological sins". America Magazine. 15 November 2019. Archived from the original on 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
300. ^ "Planetary Protocol for Climate Change Resilience: A new way to navigate through the climate crisis". Catholic Climate Covenant. Archived from the original on 22 May 2024. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
301. ^ "Apostolic Letter issued "Motu Proprio" "Fratello Sole" by the Supreme Pontiff Francis". Vatican. 21 June 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2025.
302. ^ "Pope says popular movements are antidote to populism". cruxnow.com. Archived from the original on 15 September 2019. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
303. ^ Esteves, Junno Arocho (11 June 2018). "Pope Francis praises founder of liberation theology". Catholic Herald. Archived from the original on 18 July 2024. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
304. ^ "Pope: Marxists and Christians have a common mission". english.katholisch.de (in German). Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
305. ^ Mayer, Chloe (23 September 2024). "Pope Francis Warns World's Wealthy About 'Pure Greed'". Newsweek. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
306. ^ "Pope Francis explains name, calls for church 'for the poor' – CNN.com". 17 March 2013. Archived from the original on 17 March 2013. Retrieved 24 September 2019.
307. ^ "The Coat of Arms of Pope Francis". The Holy See. Archived from the original on 27 April 2021. Retrieved 1 October 2019.
308. ^ a b Spadaro, Antonio (30 September 2013). "A Big Heart Open to God: An interview with Pope Francis". America Magazine. Archived from the original on 8 June 2017. Retrieved 10 June 2017.
309. ^ "Argentina legalises gay marriage". The Guardian. 15 July 2010. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 21 April 2019. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
310. ^ Romo, Rafael; Rodriguez, Jose Manuel; Shoichet, Catherine E. (20 March 2013). "Behind closed doors, pope supported civil unions in Argentina, activist says". CNN. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
311. ^ Abrevaya, Sebastian (27 August 2012). ""Se abroquelan para defender privilegios"" [They buckle up to defend privileges]. Página 12 (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 1 December 2018. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
312. ^ ""El pastor no puede ser un privilegiado, no me imagino a Jesús en el Vaticano"" [The pastor cannot be privileged: I cannot imagine Jesus in the Vatican]. La Capital. 25 March 2013. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
313. ^ De Vedia, Mariano (16 July 2010). "La carta de Bergoglio, un error estratégico" [Bergoglio's letter: A strategic error]. La Nación (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
314. ^ Ramirez, Marc (21 April 2025). "'Who am I to judge?' With five words, Pope Francis set new tone for Catholic Church". USA Today. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
315. ^ "Pope Francis, history's first Latin American pontiff, dies at 88". PBS. 21 April 2025. Archived from the original on 21 April 2025. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
316. ^ a b Pullella, Philip (3 October 2016). "Pope says respect gays and transsexuals, questions gender theory". Reuters. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
317. ^ a b c Pullella, Philip (6 February 2023). "Pope Francis says laws criminalizing LGBT people are a 'sin' and an injustice". Reuters. Archived from the original on 15 November 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
318. ^ "Pope Francis reportedly tells gay man: "God made you like this and he loves you"". CBS News. 21 May 2018. Archived from the original on 5 February 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2014.
319. ^ "In-flight press conference of His Holiness Pope Francis from Azerbaijan to Rome". Holy See. 2 October 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
320. ^ Bordoni, Linda (9 May 2022). "Pope to LGBT Catholics: 'God is Father who does not disown any of his children'". Vatican News. Archived from the original on 24 December 2023. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
321. ^ "Apostolic Visit to Ireland: Press Conference on the return flight from Dublin to Rome (Papal flight, 26 August 2018)". Holy See. 26 August 2018. Archived from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
322. ^ a b "Pope Francis calls for civil union law for same-sex couples, in shift from Vatican stance". Catholic News Agency. 21 October 2020. Archived from the original on 16 January 2024. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
323. ^ "Transcript: Pope Francis' March 5 interview with Corriere della Sera". Catholic News Agency. 5 March 2014. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
324. ^ Pope Francis (19 March 2016). "Amoris laetitia". Holy See. pp. 190–191. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
325. ^ "Same-sex civil unions 'good and helpful to many', says Pope Francis". Euronews. 16 September 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
326. ^ Fernández, Víctor Manuel; Francis (31 October 2023). "Answers to Several Questions from His Excellency, the Most Reverend José Negri, Bishop of Santo Amaro, Brazil, Regarding Participation in the Sacraments of Baptism and Matrimony by Transgender Persons and Homosexual Persons". Holy See. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
327. ^ "Transgender people can be baptised and be godparents, Vatican says". BBC News. 9 November 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
328. ^ a b "Declaration Fiducia Supplicans On the Pastoral Meaning of Blessings (18 December 2023)". vatican.va. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
329. ^ Grindley, Lucas (16 December 2013). "The Advocate's Person of the Year: Pope Francis". The Advocate. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
330. ^ Pope Francis (27 July 2016). "Apostolic Journey to Poland: Meeting with the Polish Bishops in the Cathedral of Kraków". Holy See. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
331. ^ Bacon, John; Eversley, Melanie (30 September 2015). "Vatican confirms pope met with Kim Davis". USA Today. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
332. ^ Payne, Ed; Burke, Daniel (2 October 2015). "Pope's meeting with Kim Davis not an endorsement, Vatican says". CNN. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
333. ^ "Katholische Kirche: Vatikan ändert Papst-Zitate zur psychiatrischen Behandlung homosexueller Kinder" [Catholic Church: Vatican changes Pope's quotes on psychiatric treatment of homosexual children]. Der Tagesspiegel (in German). 28 August 2018. ISSN 1865-2263. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
334. ^ "Pope Francis clarifies comments on homosexuality: "One must consider the circumstances."". Outreach. 27 January 2023. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
335. ^ Mahoney, Daniel (6 February 2020). "Pope Francis, Wayward Shepherd". National Review. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
336. ^ Eire, Carlos (24 September 2015). "When Francis Came to Cuba". First Things. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
337. ^ De Souza, Raymond (28 November 2019). "Why did Evo Morales find such favour at the Vatican?". Catholic Herald. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
338. ^ Ivereigh, Austen (4 March 2017). "Is the Pope the Anti-Trump?". Opinion. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 4 March 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
339. ^ Schmitz, Matthew (19 February 2016). "What Donald Trump and Pope Francis actually have in common". The Washington Post. Washington, DC: Nash Holdings LLC. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
340. ^ Douthat, Ross (15 February 2017). "The Trump Era's Catholic Mirror". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
341. ^ Lauter, David; Bierman, Noah (18 February 2016). "Trump and Pope Francis clash over immigration, another extraordinary campaign twist". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 20 June 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
342. ^ San Martin, Ines (15 May 2017). "Venezuelan president accuses bishops of ignoring Pope Francis". Crux. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
343. ^ Allen, John Jr. (19 May 2017). "Pope Francis has a plan for Venezuela: Give it time to work". Crux. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
344. ^ Wooden, Cindy (8 June 2017). "Amid nation's crisis, Venezuelan bishops meet pope". Catholic News Service. Archived from the original on 8 June 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
345. ^ Jenner, Frances (10 January 2019). "Latin American former leaders criticise Pope's Christmas message". Andes Times. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
346. ^ Winfield, Nicole; Zamorano, Juan (27 January 2019). "Pope seeks peace in Venezuela crisis but doesn't pick sides". Associated Press. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
347. ^ a b c d e f Francis X. Rocca (May 2024). "The Vatican's Gamble With Beijing Is Costing China's Catholics". The Atlantic.
348. ^ Thomas Ching Wei Tu, China, Taiwan, and Core of Vatican Diplomacy, The Diplomat (9 March 2024).
349. ^ Abhishank Mishra & Ananya Sharma, China-Taiwan, and a Vatican conversion, Lowy Institute (9 July 2024).
350. ^ a b c d e f Pullella, Philip (26 November 2022). "Vatican says China violated pact on bishops, wants explanation". Reuters.
351. ^ a b Courtney Mares & Matthew Santucci, Pope Francis confirms Shanghai bishop appointed in violation of Vatican-China deal, Catholic News Agency (15 July 2023).
352. ^ "cardinal-zen-the-vatican-is-badly-mishandling-china-situation". cruxnow.com. 26 October 2018. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
353. ^ Sainsbury, Michael (9 December 2019). "Cardinal Zen targets Vatican silence on China, Hong Kong". La Croix International. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
354. ^ "China Is Already Breaking Its Vatican Deal". Foreign Policy. 17 September 2020.
355. ^ Pullella, Philip (1 September 2021). "Pope defends deal with China, says dialogue necessary". Reuters. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
356. ^ Pullella, Philip (22 October 2022). "Vatican confirms renewal of contested accord with China on bishops' appointments". Reuters. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
357. ^ McElwee, Joshua (22 October 2024). "Vatican and China Extend Deal over Catholic Bishop Appointments". Reuters. Retrieved 19 November 2024.
358. ^ "China dismisses Pope Francis's comments about persecution of Uighurs". The Guardian. 25 November 2020.
359. ^ Riordan, Primrose (5 December 2019). "Hong Kong's Catholics defy Vatican over protests". Financial Times. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
360. ^ Oullet, Marc (21 November 2017), "Accompanying, Discerning, Integrating Weakness" Archived 5 January 2019 at the Wayback Machine, L'Osservatore Romano, retrieved 29 November 2017
361. ^ Carroll, James (8 April 2016). "The New Morality of Pope Francis". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
362. ^ Keenan, James (1 March 2017). "Receiving 'Amoris Laetitia'". Theological Studies. 78 (1): 193–212\. doi:10.1177/0040563916681995. ISSN 0040-5639. S2CID 171761624.
363. ^ Gallagher, Delia; Burke, Daniel (26 September 2017). "Conservatives accuse the Pope of spreading heresy". CNN. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
364. ^ ""Filial Correction" of Pope Francis, 24 September 2017". Google Docs.
365. ^ "First-ever International Day of Human Fraternity focuses on tolerance". United Nations. 4 February 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
366. ^ "Secretary-General's message for 2022: International Day of Human Fraternity". United Nations. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
367. ^ Pope Francis; Al-Tayyeb, Ahmad (4 February 2019). "Document on "Human Fraternity for World Peace and Living Together" signed by His Holiness Pope Francis and the Grand Imam of Al-Azhar Ahamad al-Tayyib (Abu Dhabi, 4 February 2019)". w2.vatican.va. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
368. ^ a b Reynolds, Gabriel (12 April 2019). "After Abu Dhabi". Commonweal Magazine. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
369. ^ a b Farrow, Mary (4 February 2019). "Pope Francis signs peace declaration on 'Human Fraternity' with Grand Imam". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
370. ^ Gabriel, Pedro (12 March 2019). "Pluralism and the will of God... is there another way to look at it?". Where Peter Is. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
371. ^ "Pope Francis renews restrictions on old Latin Mass, reversing Benedict XVI". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
372. ^ a b Horowitz, Jason (16 July 2021). "Pope Francis Restricts Use of Old Latin Mass, in a Blow to Conservatives". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 28 December 2021. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
373. ^ Pentin, Edward (22 July 2021). "Latin Mass Society: 'Traditionis Custodes' Regulates Not Abrogrates Older Liturgy". National Catholic Register. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
374. ^ "Doctrinal declaration opens possibility of blessing couples in irregular situations". Vatican News. 18 December 2023. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
375. ^ Pentin, Edward (18 January 2024). "Marking One Month of 'Fiducia Supplicans': Opposition Shows No Signs of Abating". National Catholic Register. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
376. ^ Horowitz, Jason (4 January 2024). "Vatican Defends Gay Blessings, but Offers Critics Some Leeway". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
377. ^ Coppen, Luke (19 December 2023). "'Fiducia supplicans': Who's saying what?". The Pillar. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
378. ^ Müller, Gerhard. "Müller: Blessings for gay couples are blasphemous". newdailycompass.com. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
379. ^ Quiñones, Kate. "Cardinal Sarah speaks out against clergy blessing same-sex unions". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
380. ^ "African bishops reject same-sex blessings en masse". Catholic Herald. 12 January 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
381. ^ "Africa's Catholic hierarchy refuses same-sex blessings, says such unions are contrary to God's will". Washington Post. 11 January 2024. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
382. ^ a b Wilkinson, Tracy (22 April 2015). "Pope Francis to stop in Cuba en route to U.S., Vatican announces". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. Archived from the original on 30 July 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
383. ^ McLaughlin, Eliott C. (14 May 2015). "Raul Castro may join Catholic Church, he says after Pope Francis meeting". CNN. Atlanta, Georgia. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
384. ^ Yardley, Jim (10 May 2015). "Praising Pope, Cuban President Says He might return to church". The New York Times. New York City. p. A4. Archived from the original on 10 May 2015. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
385. ^ a b Richter, Paul; Kington, Tom (19 December 2014). "Bridge to Cuba Via Vatican". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
386. ^ Nadeau, Barbie Latza (17 December 2014). "The Pope's Diplomatic Miracle: Ending the U.S.–Cuba Cold War". The Daily Beast. New York City: IAC. Retrieved 18 December 2014.
387. ^ Willey, David (23 May 2014). "Pope Francis to tread careful path on Mid-East visit". BBC News. London, England. Retrieved 11 February 2017.
388. ^ a b c d e f Ben Sales, In Mideast visit, Pope Francis makes symbolic gestures to both sides, Jewish Telegraphic Agency (27 May 2014).
389. ^ Pentin, Edward (18 May 2015). "The Pope, Mahmoud Abbas, and the 'Angel of Peace'". National Catholic Register. Boston, Massachusetts: Boston Globe Media Partners LLC. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
390. ^ "Vatican signs treaty recognizing State of Palestine". The Times of Israel. 26 June 2015. Retrieved 2 August 2015.
391. ^ Povoledo, Elisabetta (17 May 2015). "At Vatican, Abbas is Praised as 'Angel of Peace'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 17 May 2015.
392. ^ "Vatican to sign State of Palestine accord". the Guardian. 13 May 2015.
393. ^ Mares, Courtney (11 May 2021). "Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem says violence requires 'an urgent intervention'". Catholic News Agency.
394. ^ O'Connell, Gerard (9 May 2021). "Pope Francis calls for an end to clashes in Jerusalem". America Magazine. Archived from the original on 9 May 2021.
395. ^ "'Double standards' from pope, 'singling out' Jews, Israeli government says". JNS. 21 December 2024. Retrieved 23 December 2024.
396. ^ "Dispute erupts over whether pope called Gaza situation a 'genocide'". Reuters. 22 November 2023.
397. ^ ""It is Terrorism": Pope Francis Denounces Killing of Two Christian Women in Gaza". Vanity Fair. 17 December 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
398. ^ Armellini, Alvise (31 March 2024). "Pope Francis, in Easter address, calls for Gaza ceasefire". Reuters.
399. ^ O'Connell, Gerard (29 January 2024). "Pope Francis: No peace in Israel and Palestine without two-state solution". America Magazine.
400. ^ "Pope Francis Suggests International Study into Possible Genocide in Gaza". Reuters. 17 November 2024.
401. ^ "Gaza's Christians 'heartbroken' after death of Pope Francis who phoned them nightly". The Independent. 22 April 2025. Retrieved 22 April 2025.
402. ^ "Pope Francis phoned Gaza's only Catholic church 'every day' - as priest reveals details of last call". Sky News. Retrieved 22 April 2025.
403. ^ a b "Pope's frequent calls to a Catholic church made him a revered figure in war-battered Gaza". AP News. 21 April 2025. Retrieved 22 April 2025.
404. ^ "In brief Easter appearance at Vatican, Pope Francis urges Gaza ceasefire". Al Jazeera. 20 April 2025.
405. ^ "Don't build walls, Pope Francis says". Reuters. 8 February 2017. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
406. ^ Friedman, Uri (16 April 2016). "'The Globalization of Indifference': How Pope Francis Sees the Refugee Crisis". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
407. ^ Kuruvilla, Carol (1 October 2019). "New Vatican Statue Proclaims Pope Francis' Concern For Refugees". HuffPost. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
408. ^ "Pope says popular movements are 'antidote' to populism". Crux. 20 August 2019. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
409. ^ Momigliano, Anna (23 May 2017). "Catholic Populists Have to Respect the Pope, but They Love Trump". The Atlantic. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
410. ^ "Pope Francis visits Lesbos". The Guardian. London, England. 16 April 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
411. ^ "The Guardian view on Pope Francis: protecting a progressive legacy". The Guardian. 17 March 2025.
412. ^ Pope Francis (10 February 2025). "Letter of the Holy Father to the Bishops of the United States of America". Vatican.
413. ^ "Fra' Matthew Festing convenes a Sovereign Council to formalise his resignation from the office of Grand Master". Sovereign Military Order of Malta. 25 January 2017.
414. ^ Josephine McKenna (1 May 2017). "Ancient Order of Malta faces era of change as interim leader is elected". National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved 2 February 2019.
415. ^ Winfield, Nicole (26 February 2022). "In unprecedented move, Pope makes personal appeal in remarkable Russia embassy visit". Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
416. ^ White, Christopher (26 February 2022). "Ukraine's President Zelensky tweets thanks for pope's call of support". National Catholic Reporter. Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
417. ^ CNA Staff (25 February 2022). "Pope Francis to Ukrainian Catholic leader: 'I will do everything I can' to help end conflict". Catholic News Agency (Interview). Rome. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
418. ^ Wooden, Cindy (27 February 2022). "'With a heart broken,' pope prays for peace in Ukraine". CatholicPhilly. Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
419. ^ a b Giuffrida, Angela (14 June 2022). "Pope Francis says Ukraine war was 'perhaps somehow provoked'". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 23 February 2025.
420. ^ Patrick Smith, Vatican defends pope's praise of 'great' Russian Empire after fury in Ukraine, NBC News (29 August 2023).
421. ^ a b c d Jason Horowitz, Pope Says Ukraine Should Have the 'Courage of the White Flag', New York Times (9 March 2024).
422. ^ a b c d John L. Allen Jr., Why Pope Francis Isn't With the West on Ukraine, The Atlantic (5 May 2023).
423. ^ Pope Francis has failed to be a spiritual mediator in Ukraine, Economist (20 December 2022).
424. ^ a b Nona Mikhelidze, Unpacking the Vatican's Diplomatic Failure in Reaching a Ceasefire in the Russia-Ukraine War, Istituto Affari Internazionali (18 May 2023).
425. ^ Nicole Winfield, Pope Francis denounces the weapons industry as he makes a Christmas appeal for peace in the world, Associated Press (25 December 2023).
426. ^ a b Christopher White, Pope Francis backs Ukraine's defense, says supplying arms 'may be morally acceptable', National Catholic Reporter (15 September 2022).
427. ^ "Pope Francis: 'The West has taken the wrong paths'". Catholic News Agency. 15 September 2022. Archived from the original on 4 June 2023. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
428. ^ a b Pullella, Philip (21 September 2022). "Pope Says Ukraine Subjected to Monstrosities". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
429. ^ Pullella, Philip; Balmer, Crispian (6 March 2022). "Pope Francis says 'rivers of blood' flowing in Ukraine war". Reuters. Archived from the original on 12 April 2022. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
430. ^ "Pope sends cardinal to Ukraine to show solidarity with refugees". CNN. 14 March 2022. Archived from the original on 7 May 2022. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
431. ^ "Pope Francis blessed an ambulance that the Vatican sent to Ukraine". infobae. 2022. Archived from the original on 3 May 2022. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
432. ^ "Pope Francis dispatches 2 cardinals to Ukraine". Politico. 6 March 2022. Archived from the original on 12 April 2022. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
433. ^ "Pope to consecrate Russia and Ukraine to Immaculate Heart of Mary". Vatican News. 15 March 2022. Archived from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
434. ^ Jason Horowitz, Pope Reveals He's Working on Secret 'Mission' of Peace in Ukraine, New York Times (30 April 2023).
435. ^ "Pope says Vatican involved in secret Ukraine peace mission". Reuters. 30 April 2023. Archived from the original on 15 June 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
436. ^ Philip Pullella, Pope condemns 'relentless' bombing of Ukrainian cities, Reuters (12 October 2022).
437. ^ Pullella, Philip (2 October 2022). "Pope begs Putin to end 'spiral of violence and death', cites nuclear threat". Reuters. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
438. ^ Winfield, Nicole (18 August 2014). "Pope Francis Endorses Use Of Force Against ISIS In Iraq". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 22 August 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
439. ^ Bordoni, Linda (24 January 2018). "Pope Francis calls for respect for the rights of the Yazidis". Vatican News.
440. ^ "Tens of thousands pack stadium for first papal mass on Arabian Peninsula". Reuters. 5 February 2019.
441. ^ Pullella, Philip (6 March 2021). "Pope, on Iraq visit, decries violence in the name of God as 'greatest blasphemy'". Reuters.
442. ^ "Pope, top Iraq Shiite cleric hold historic, symbolic meeting". ABC News. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
443. ^ "Countries with the largest Muslim population 2022 | Statista". Statista. Archived from the original on 3 December 2024. Retrieved 24 February 2025.
444. ^ a b "Pope at mosque in Indonesia: May we cultivate friendship as pilgrims on our way to God". Vatican News. 5 September 2024. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
445. ^ Mantalean, Vitorio; Ihsanuddin (5 September 2024). "Paus Fransiskus Teken "Deklarasi Bersama" Istiqlal Bareng Tokoh Lintas Iman, Ini Isinya". Kompas.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 18 September 2024.
446. ^ "Why Pope Francis thinks the Church should play a part in world leaders' debate on AI". CNN. 12 June 2024. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
447. ^ "Pope Francis becomes first pontiff to address a G7 summit". Voice of America. 14 June 2024. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
448. ^ "Pope Francis meets with world leaders at G7 summit". Vatican News. 14 June 2024. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
449. ^ "Pope to G7: AI is 'neither objective nor neutral'". Vatican News. 14 June 2024. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
450. ^ Pope addresses UN General Assembly, Deutsche Welle (25 September 2015).
451. ^ Edith M. Lederer, Pope joins with imam in making calls for peace before UN Security Council vote, Associated Press (14 June 2023).
452. ^ Address of His Holiness Pope Francis to the Security Council of the United Nations, Vatican (14 June 2023).
453. ^ "El Papa afirma que El Vaticano 'no reconoce movimientos secesionistas' en referencia a Cataluña" [The Pope states that the Vatican 'does not recognize secessionist movements', referring to Catalonia]. Expansión (in Spanish). EFE. 5 October 2017.
454. ^ Waters, John (20 July 2014). "Does Pope Francis have a cunning plan?". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 20 July 2014. Retrieved 18 August 2014.
455. ^ Saletan, William (19 September 2013). "Pope Francis Is a Liberal". Slate. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
456. ^ Coppen, Luke (11 January 2014). "Sorry – but Pope Francis is no liberal". The Spectator. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
457. ^ "Vatican spokesman: media manipulated Pope's family comments". Catholic News Agency. 7 January 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
458. ^ a b Binelli, Mark (28 January 2014). "Pope Francis Cover Story: The Times They Are A-Changin'". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
459. ^ "The pope's last coded message". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 26 April 2025.
460. ^ McGough, Michael (1 January 2014). "Pope Francis named Esquire's 'Best Dressed Man of 2013' – but why?". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
461. ^ "Pope Francis' Gentle Revolution: Inside Rolling Stone's New Issue". Rolling Stone. 28 January 2014.
462. ^ "Person of the Year 2013". Time. 11 December 2013.
463. ^ Colvin, Geoff (20 March 2014). "Fortune ranks the World's 50 Greatest Leaders". CNN. Archived from the original on 31 March 2014.
464. ^ "2014 Ranking of the World's Most Powerful People". Forbes. 11 May 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
465. ^ M. Ewalt, David. "The World's Most Powerful People 2016". Forbes. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
466. ^ Ho, Erica, "Argentina: Town renames street after Pope Francis", Time, 28 March 2013. Retrieved 28 March 2013.
467. ^ Catherine E. Shoichet (28 November 2013). "Argentina weighs putting Pope Francis' face on a coin". CNN. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
468. ^ JC Finley. "Commemorative pope coin may be coming soon". United Press International.
469. ^ Donadio, Rachel (25 May 2013). "Francis' Humility and Emphasis on the Poor Strike a New Tone at the Vatican". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 26 May 2013. Retrieved 26 May 2013. "It was so hard to sell anything under Benedict. This pope attracts huge crowds, and they all want to bring back home something with his smiling face on it."
470. ^ "Pope marries 20 cohabiting couples in sign of papacy shift". BBC News. 14 September 2014. Retrieved 7 November 2015.
471. ^ Glatz, Carol (29 August 2014). "Pope Francis to preside over joint September wedding at Vatican". Catholic News Service. Archived from the original on 24 May 2018. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
472. ^ Stack, Liam (19 March 2016). "Get Ready, Internet. The Pope Has Joined Instagram". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
473. ^ Ahiza Garcia (19 March 2016). "Pope Francis gains 1 million Instagram followers in under 12 hours". CNN Business. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
474. ^ Pope Francis (26 November 2020). "Pope Francis: A Crisis Reveals What Is in Our Hearts". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
475. ^ Choi, Joseph (26 November 2020). "Pope Francis swipes at groups protesting COVID-19 restrictions in NYT op-ed". The Hill. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
476. ^ Pullella, Philip (18 December 2013). "San Lorenzo gives top fan Pope Francis their trophy". Reuters. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
477. ^ "Pope Francis's missing lung should not be a problem, say doctors". The Guardian. London. 14 March 2013. Archived from the original on 14 March 2013.
478. ^ Park, Alice (13 March 2013). "Why Pope Francis Only Has One Lung". Time. Archived from the original on 14 March 2013.
479. ^ Povoledo, Elisabetta (22 February 2025). "Pope Francis in Critical Condition After 'Respiratory Crisis,' Vatican Says". New York Times. Archived from the original on 22 February 2025.
480. ^ Gagliarducci, Andrea (31 August 2021). "Analysis: What's behind rumors that Pope Francis will resign?". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 2 September 2021.
481. ^ Pullella, Philip (2 September 2021). "Pope denies resignation report, says leads normal life after surgery". Yahoo!. Reuters. Retrieved 2 September 2021.
482. ^ "Pope Francis cancels trip to Congo and South Sudan over health issues". France24. 11 June 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
483. ^ Ghiglione, Davide; Davies, Alys (29 March 2023). "Pope Francis in hospital with respiratory infection". BBC News. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
484. ^ D'Emilio, Frances (8 April 2023). "Pope Francis returns to public eye for Easter vigil Mass". AP News. Archived from the original on 8 April 2023. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
485. ^ Betiza, Sofia; Yong, Nicholas (7 June 2023). "Pope Francis, 86, to have abdominal surgery". BBC News. Retrieved 7 June 2023.
486. ^ Pullella, Philip (30 July 2022). "Pope says that with frailty and age, he is in new phase of papacy". Reuters. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
487. ^ Hertzler-McCain, Aleja (17 August 2022). "Disabled Catholics praise pope's example in publicly using a wheelchair". National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
488. ^ Lamb, Christopher; Mortensen, Antonia; Picheta, Rob (14 February 2025). "Pope Francis hospitalized for bronchitis treatment and checks, Vatican says". CNN. Retrieved 14 February 2025.
489. ^ Lamb, Christopher; Mortensen, Antonia; Braithwaite, Sharon (17 February 2025). "Pope Francis' hospital treatment dealing with 'complex clinical' condition, Vatican says". CNN. Retrieved 17 February 2025.
490. ^ Povoledo, Elisabetta (18 February 2025). "Pope Francis, Hospitalized, Has Pneumonia, Vatican Says". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 February 2025.
491. ^ a b Povoledo, Elisabetta (6 April 2025). "Recovering Pope Surprises Pilgrims With a Public Appearance". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
492. ^ Winfield, Nicole; Stellacci, Silvia (22 February 2025). "Pope Francis is in critical condition after long respiratory crisis, requiring oxygen at high flow". Associated Press.
493. ^ "Pope at Gemelli Hospital, respiratory crisis in the morning". Vatican News. 22 February 2025. Retrieved 22 February 2025.
494. ^ "Pope Francis had two episodes of 'acute respiratory insufficiency', Vatican says". Reuters. 3 March 2025. Retrieved 3 March 2025.
495. ^ "Pope Francis makes first appearance from Rome hospital". BBC News. 22 March 2025. Retrieved 23 March 2025.
496. ^ Giuffrida, Angela (23 March 2025). "Pope Francis greets crowds in Rome before discharge from hospital". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 24 March 2025.
497. ^ Stancati, Margherita (23 March 2025). "Pope Francis Leaves Hospital After Weekslong Stay". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 24 March 2025.
498. ^ "Pope Francis makes first appearance from Rome hospital". BBC News. 23 March 2025. Retrieved 24 March 2025.
499. ^ Shapiro, Emily (21 April 2025). "Read Pope Francis' final Easter address". ABC News. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
500. ^ Watkins, Devin (21 April 2025). "Pope Francis has died on Easter Monday aged 88". Vatican News. Dicastery for Communication. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
501. ^ Winfield, Nicole (21 April 2025). "Pope Francis, first Latin American pontiff who ministered with a charming, humble style, dies at 88". Vatican City: Associated Press. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
502. ^ Zeris, Henry (21 April 2025). "See the moment Vatican announces death of Pope Francis". CNN. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
503. ^ "Pope's death due to stroke and irreversible cardiocirculatory collapse". Vatican News. Dicastery for Communication. 21 April 2025. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
504. ^ Schmidt, Samantha; George, Susannah; Gupta, Gaya; Faiola, Anthony; Wu, Daniel; Bellack, Marisa; Masih, Niha; Ho, Vivian (21 April 2025). "Live updates: Pope Francis, who built his papacy on openness and empathy, dead at 88". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
505. ^ "Cardinals meet at Vatican and set date for Pope Francis' public viewing and funeral". AP News. 22 April 2025. Retrieved 22 April 2025.
506. ^ "Conclave to elect next Pope to commence 7 May 2925". CNN. 28 April 2025. Retrieved 28 April 2025.
507. ^ Povoledo, Elisabetta (21 April 2025). "Pope Francis' Will Says He Wishes to Be Buried in Simple Tomb in Rome". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 22 April 2025.
508. ^ a b "Pope Francis' spiritual testament". Vatican News. Dicastery for Communication. 21 April 2025. Archived from the original on 21 April 2025. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
509. ^ Horowitz, Jason; Povoledo, Elisabetta; Bubola, Emma; Levenson, Michael (21 April 2025). "For Pope Francis, a Last Burst of Pastoring Before Death". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 22 April 2025.
510. ^ a b Munoko, Beryl; Zane, Damian (21 April 2025). "Pope Francis and Africa: 'His love for the continent was great'". www.bbc.com. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
511. ^ "From Rome, Pope Francis calls for 'lasting peace' in Myanmar". La croix international. 25 November 2024. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
512. ^ Salman, Abeer; Liebermann, Oren (23 April 2025). "The pope called them every night until his final hours. Now, Gaza's Christians cling to the hope he left behind". CNN. Retrieved 25 April 2025.
513. ^ a b c d e Pullella, Philip (21 April 2025). "Pope Francis obituary: a pontiff who shook up the Catholic Church". Reuters. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
514. ^ Diamant, Jeff (21 April 2025). "Under Pope Francis, the College of Cardinals became less European". Pew Research Center. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
515. ^ "Pope Francis long extended a hand to China, which never took it". 21 April 2025. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
516. ^ Card, Luis (1 August 2018). "Letter to the Bishops regarding the new revision of Number 2267 of the Catechism of the Catholic Church on the Death Penalty". Vatican Archive. Retrieved 22 April 2025.
517. ^ "Pope Francis closes the door on the death penalty in 'Fratelli Tutti'". America Magazine. 4 October 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2025.
518. ^ a b McElwee, Joshua (21 April 2025). "Pope Francis gave women Vatican roles, but held back on wider changes". Reuters.
519. ^ a b Horowitz, Jason; Yardley, Jim (21 April 2025). "Francis, the First Latin American Pope, Dies at 88". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 27 April 2025.
520. ^ Associated, Press (26 April 2023). "In a historic shift, Pope Francis allows women to vote at bishops' meetings". NPR. Retrieved 27 April 2025.
521. ^ "Second Vatican Council | History, Summary, Changes, Documents, & Significance | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 9 April 2025. Retrieved 27 April 2025.
522. ^ a b "Apostolic Letter issued "Motu proprio" by the Supreme Pontiff Francis "Traditionis custodes" on the use of the Roman Liturgy prior to the Reform of 1970, 16 July 2021 | Francis". www.vatican.va. Retrieved 27 April 2025.
523. ^ "Letter of the Holy Father to the Bishops of the whole world, that accompanies the Apostolic Letter Motu Proprio data "Traditionis custodes" (16 July 2021) | Francis". www.vatican.va. Retrieved 27 April 2025.
524. ^ Rausch, Thomas (31 January 2025). "The move away from the Latin Mass was about more than aesthetics". America Magazine. Retrieved 27 April 2025.
525. ^ Hobson, Brittany (21 April 2025). "Pope Francis apologized for residential schools during historic Canadian visit". CBC. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
526. ^ "Seven Quotes That Make Pope Francis Complicated for LGBTQ+ People". HRC. Archived from the original on 25 April 2025. Retrieved 22 April 2025.
527. ^ "Coming Home to Catholicism and to Self" (PDF). Human Rights Campaign (HRC). Retrieved 21 April 2025.
528. ^ Annuario pontificio. Libr. Ed. Vaticana. OCLC 894991536.
529. ^ a b "Presidente Evo Morales distingue con el Cóndor de Los Andes al Papa Francisco". Archived from the original on 9 July 2015. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
530. ^ a b "Photographic image". D2jkk5z9de9jwi.cloudfront.net. Archived from the original (JPG) on 8 October 2016. Retrieved 22 March 2017.
531. ^ "Pope Francis receives Order of the Smile – Francis – Catholic Church – Faith – Pope in Poland 2016 – press center". pope2016.com. Archived from the original on 10 September 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
532. ^ Miller, Zeke (11 January 2025). "Biden honors Pope Francis with the Presidential Medal of Freedom". Associated Press. Retrieved 11 January 2025.
533. ^ "Pope Francis talks of sport's ability to build bridges at audience with Olympic Family in Rome". International Olympic Committee. 23 November 2013.
534. ^ "Pope Francis to be awarded Charlemagne Prize on 6 May". European Parliament. 2 May 2016 – via www.europarl.europa.eu.
535. ^ White, Daniel (1 December 2015). "Pope Francis Is PETA's Person of the Year". Time.
536. ^ Guion, Payton (7 May 2015). "Pope Francis got a new gig this week...as a basketball player". The Independent. Retrieved 5 May 2019.
537. ^ "[World Taekwondo] Pope Granted Honorary Taekwondo Black Belt at Meeting in V." m.worldtaekwondo.org. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
538. ^ "Pope meets with Zayed Award judging panel". Vatican News. 23 October 2020.
539. ^ "Nominations open for 2021 Zayed Award for Human Fraternity". Vatican News. 20 October 2020.
540. ^ "Câmara condecora 32 personalidades com o Mérito Legislativo, entre elas Bolsonaro e papa Francisco Fonte: Agência Câmara de Notícias". Congress of Brazil (in Portuguese). 24 November 2021.
541. ^ "David Staples: What to make of outcry over Indigenous leader bestowing headdress on Pope Francis?". edmontonjournal. Retrieved 2 August 2022.
542. ^ "Palo's Pope Francis Center now houses abandoned elderly, orphans". Catholic's Bishop Conference of the Philippines. Archived from the original on 13 July 2015.
543. ^ "Kiir names street after Pope Francis ahead of first-ever visit from Vatican". Sudans Post. 28 January 2023. Archived from the original on 28 January 2023. Retrieved 22 April 2025.
544. ^ "Oscar-winning composer pens Mass for the Pope". EWTN. 12 June 2015. Archived from the original on 4 June 2016.
545. ^ "Oscar award winner, Ennio Morricone composes 'Mass' for Pope". Rome Reports. 12 June 2015. Retrieved 22 April 2025.
546. ^ Missa Papae Francisci (Morricone) Archived 3 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine. RAI 5. (Napolitano appears at 32:41 and greets Morricone at 33:07) (in Italian)
547. ^ In: Offenbarungen – Tage Neuer Kirchenmusik. Begleitheft, München 2015, S. 15.
548. ^ Pardiñas, U. F. J.; Teta, P.; Salazar-Bravo, J.; Myers, P.; Galliari, C. A. (2016). "A new species of arboreal rat, genus 'Oecomys' (Rodentia, Cricetidae) from Chaco". Journal of Mammalogy. 97 (4): 1177–1196\. doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyw070. hdl:11336/36873.
549. ^ Reulein, Peter; Schlegel, Helmut (2016). Laudato si' / Ein franziskanisches Magnificat. Limburg an der Lahn: Dehm Verlag. p. 230\. ISBN 978-3-943302-34-9. ISMN 979-0-50226-047-7.
550. ^ "Festkonzert zum Jubiläum des Referates Kirchenmusik / Laudato si' – Oratorium von Peter Reulein (Uraufführung)" (in German). Liebfrauen, Frankfurt. 2016. Archived from the original on 19 October 2016. Retrieved 25 December 2016.
551. ^ "Wedvick of Jarlsby – Religious/Francis, H. H. Pope 3". Archived from the original on 6 December 2013.
552. ^ "Pope Francis: "Miserando atque eligendo"..." Vatican Information Service. 18 March 2013. Archived from the original on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
553. ^ Vivarelli, Nick (13 January 2015). "Battle of the Pope Francis Biopics Begins With Two Films Shooting in Buenos Aires". Variety. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
554. ^ "Pope Francis: "Wake Up!"". AllMusic. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
555. ^ Izundu, Chi Chi (20 November 2015). "Pope Francis has released a rock album". BBC News. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
556. ^ "Pope Francis Wake Up! Music Album with His Words and Prayers". Popefranciswakeup.believedigital.com. Archived from the original on 31 January 2020. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
557. ^ Thompson, Anne (18 May 2018). "'Pope Francis: A Man of His Word': Wim Wenders Grilled the Pontiff and Left Amazed". Indie Wire. Penske Business Media, LLC. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
558. ^ Barker, Andrew (13 May 2018). "Film Review: 'Pope Francis: A Man of His Word'". Variety.com. Penske Business Media, LLC. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
559. ^ ""Francesco": new documentary on the life and teaching of Pope Francis". Vatican News. 21 October 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
560. ^ Winfield, Nicole (21 October 2020). "Francis becomes 1st pope to endorse same-sex civil unions". AP News. Retrieved 22 October 2020.
561. ^ Vivarelli, Nick (4 October 2022). "Pope Francis YouTube Doc 'The Letter: A Message For Our Earth' Launches From Vatican City – Trailer". Variety. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
562. ^ Donnelly, Gabrielle (19 December 2019). "'You couldn't help but be moved spiritually': Anthony Hopkins and Jonathan Pryce interviewed". Catholic Herald. Retrieved 9 February 2020.

## Further reading

[edit]

Library resources about
Pope Francis

* * *

* Resources in your library
* Resources in other libraries

By Pope Francis

* Resources in your library
* Resources in other libraries

* Allen, John L. (2015). The Francis Miracle: Inside the Transformation of the Pope and the Church. New York: Time. ISBN 978-1-61893-131-3.
* Borghesi, Massimo (2018) [Italian original, 2017]. The Mind of Pope Francis: Jorge Mario Bergoglio's Intellectual Journey. Translated by Hudock, Barry. Collegeville, Minnesota: Liturgical Press. ISBN 978-0-8146-8790-1.
* Castagnaro, Mauro; Eugenio, Ludovica (2013). Il Dissenso Soffocato: un'agenda per Papa Francesco [Dissent Stifled: an agenda for Pope Francis]. Molfetta, Italy: La Meridiana. ISBN 978-88-6153-324-0.
* Colonna, Marcantonio (2018). The Dictator Pope: The Inside Story of the Francis Papacy. Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing. ISBN 978-1-62157-832-1.
* Douthat, Ross (2018). To Change the Church: Pope Francis and the Future of Catholicism. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-5011-4692-3.
* Lawler, Philip F. (2018). Lost Shepherd: How Pope Francis Is Misleading His Flock. Washington, D.C.: Regnery Gateway. ISBN 978-1-62157-722-5.
* Liedl, Jonathan (6 March 2023). "Francis' Pontificate Turns 10: Outward-Facing Emphasis Has Shaken Up Church's Inner Equilibrium". National Catholic Register. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
* Willey, David (2015). The Promise of Francis: The Man, the Pope, and the Challenge of Change. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4767-8905-7.

## External links

[edit]

* Vatican webpage about Pope Francis
* Appearances on C-SPAN
* Pope Francis at IMDb

Catholic Church titles

Preceded by

Theodor Hubrich

| — TITULAR —
Bishop of Auca
20 May 1992 – 3 June 1997  | Succeeded by

Mieczysław Cisło

Preceded by

Antonio Quarracino

|  Archbishop of Buenos Aires
28 February 1998 – 13 March 2013  | Succeeded by

Mario Aurelio Poli

Ordinary for the Faithful of the Eastern Rites
6 November 1998 – 13 March 2013
Preceded by

Augusto Vargas Alzamora

|  Cardinal-Priest of San Roberto Bellarmino
21 February 2001 – 13 March 2013
Preceded by

Eduardo Vicente Mirás

|  President of the Argentine Episcopal Conference
8 November 2005 – 8 November 2011  | Succeeded by

José María Arancedo

Preceded by

Benedict XVI

|  Pope
13 March 2013 – 21 April 2025  | Succeeded by

Leo XIV

* v
* t
* e

Pope Francis

Born Jorge Mario Bergoglio; 17 December 1936 – 21 April 2025

* Archbishop of Buenos Aires (1998–2013)
* Cardinal Priest of San Roberto Bellarmino (2001–2013)
* Pope (2013–2025)

Papacy|

* Resignation of Pope Benedict XVI
* 2013 papal conclave
* Inauguration
* Cardinals created
* People declared Servants of God
* People declared venerable
* Beatifications
* Canonizations
* Synods
* 2014
* 2015
* 2018
* 2019
* U.S.–Cuban thaw
* Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy
* Meeting with Patriarch Kirill
* Study Commission on the Women's Diaconate
* Order of Malta leadership
* Consecration of Russia to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
* Fiducia supplicans
* 2025 Jubilee
* Death and funeral
* dignitaries
* reactions

Visits (selected)|

* Philippines
* North America
* Kenya
* Ireland
* Baltic states
* Iraq
* Canada
* Mongolia
* Indonesia
* Belgium [nl]

Bibliography
(selected)|

| Constitutions
(selected)|

* Vultum Dei quaerere
* Veritatis gaudium
* Episcopalis communio
* Pascite gregem Dei
* Praedicate evangelium

|

Exhortations|

* Evangelii gaudium
* Amoris laetitia
* Gaudete et exsultate
* Christus vivit
* Querida Amazonia
* Laudate Deum

Encyclicals|

* Lumen fidei
* Laudato si'
* Fratelli tutti
* Dilexit nos

Letters
(selected)|

* Misericordiae vultus
* Misericordia et misera
* Maiorem hac dilectionem
* Magnum principium
* Vos estis lux mundi
* Spiritus Domini
* Traditionis custodes

Related people|

| Papal
household|

* Alfred Xuereb, Fabián Pedacchio, Yoannis Lahzi Gaid, and Gonzalo Aemilius (former personal secretaries)
* Fabio Salerno and Daniel Pellizzon (last personal secretaries)
* Guido Marini (former Master of Pontifical Liturgical Celebrations)
* Diego Ravelli (current Master of Pontifical Liturgical Celebrations)
* Georg Gänswein (former Prefect of the Papal Household)

|

Cardinal
Advisers|

* Last Advisers: Fridolin Ambongo Besungu
* Sérgio da Rocha
* Oswald Gracias
* Jean-Claude Hollerich
* Gérald Lacroix
* Seán Patrick O'Malley
* Juan José Omella
* Pietro Parolin
* Fernando Vérgez Alzaga
* Former: Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa, Laurent Monsengwo Pasinya, George Pell, Óscar Rodríguez Maradiaga (coordinator), Giuseppe Bertello, and Reinhard Marx

Episcopate|

* Benedict XVI (preceding pope)
* Leo XIV (succeeding pope)
* Mauro Gambetti (Vicar General for Vatican City)
* Baldassare Reina (Vicar General for Rome)
* Antonio Quarracino (preceding Archbishop of Buenos Aires)
* Mario Aurelio Poli (succeeding Archbishop of Buenos Aires)
* Sergio Rubin (biographer)

Related books|

* Pope Francis: Conversations with Jorge Bergoglio
* On Heaven and Earth
* Pope Francis: Life and Revolution
* The Dictator Pope

Related|

* Coat of arms
* Eponyms
* Theology
* LGBTQ topics
* Society of Jesus (religious order)
* Domus Sanctae Marthae (residence)
* Wake Up! (2015 album)
* Francis: Pray for Me (2015 film)
* Chiamatemi Francesco (2015 film)
* Pope Francis: A Man of His Word (2018 documentary)
* The Two Popes (2019 film)
* Francesco (2020 documentary)
* The Letter: A Message for Our Earth (2022 documentary)
* In Viaggio: The Travels of Pope Francis (2022 documentary)

* Category

Links to related articles

* v
* t
* e

Jesuits

History|

* Protestant Reformation
* Counter-Reformation
* Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius of Loyola
* Ad maiorem Dei gloriam
* Magis
* Regimini militantis Ecclesiae
* Exposcit debitum
* Ratio Studiorum
* Suppression of the Society of Jesus
* List of Jesuits

Saints|

* José de Anchieta
* Modeste Andlauer
* Edmund Arrowsmith
* Inácio de Azevedo
* Robert Bellarmine
* John Berchmans
* Jacques Berthieu
* Andrew Bobola
* Francis Borgia
* Jean de Brébeuf
* Alexander Briant
* John de Britto
* Edmund Campion
* Peter Canisius
* Juan del Castillo
* Noël Chabanel
* Peter Claver
* Claude de la Colombière
* Antoine Daniel
* Paul Denn
* Philip Evans
* Peter Faber
* Thomas Garnet
* Charles Garnier
* Aloysius Gonzaga
* Roque González de Santa Cruz
* John Soan de Goto
* René Goupil
* Melchior Grodziecki
* Alberto Hurtado
* Rémy Isoré
* Ignatius of Loyola
* Francis de Geronimo
* Isaac Jogues
* James Kisai
* Stanislaus Kostka
* Jean de Lalande
* Gabriel Lalemant
* David Lewis
* Lèon-Ignance Mangin
* Paul Miki
* Henry Morse
* John Ogilvie
* Nicholas Owen
* Joseph Pignatelli
* Stephen Pongracz
* Bernardino Realino
* John Francis Regis
* Alphonsus Rodriguez
* José María Rubio
* Robert Southwell
* André de Soveral
* Henry Walpole
* Francis Xavier
* Alfonso Rodríguez Olmedo

Popes|

* Francis

Theology|

* Diego Laynez
* Luis de Molina
* Francisco Suárez
* Jean Daniélou
* Karl Rahner
* Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
* Henri de Lubac
* John Courtney Murray
* Joseph Fitzmyer
* Alonso Rodriguez
* List of Jesuit theologians

General|

* Bollandist
* La Civiltà Cattolica
* General Congregation
* Superior General of the Society of Jesus
* Pontifical Gregorian University
* Pontifical Biblical Institute
* Pontifical Oriental Institute
* Jesuit China missions
* Jesuit missions in North America
* List of Jesuit educational institutions
* International Association of Jesuit Universities
* Ignatian Pedagogical Paradigm

Related|

* Church of the Gesù
* Madonna Della Strada
* Saint-Pierre de Montmartre
* Claudio Acquaviva

*   Category
* Catholicism portal

* v
* t
* e

Popes of the Catholic Church

* List of popes
* graphical
* canonised
* Papal names
* Tombs
* extant
* non-extant
* Antipope
* Pope emeritus
* papal resignation
* Pope-elect
* Apocryphal Pope Donus II

1st–4th centuries|

* Peter
* Linus
* Anacletus
* Clement I
* Evaristus
* Alexander I
* Sixtus I
* Telesphorus
* Hyginus
* Pius I
* Anicetus
* Soter
* Eleutherius
* Victor I
* Zephyrinus
* Callixtus I
* Urban I
* Pontian
* Anterus
* Fabian
* Cornelius
* Lucius I
* Stephen I
* Sixtus II
* Dionysius
* Felix I
* Eutychian
* Caius
* Marcellinus
* Marcellus I
* Eusebius
* Miltiades
* Sylvester I
* Mark
* Julius I
* Liberius
* Damasus I
* Siricius
* Anastasius I

5th–8th centuries|

* Innocent I
* Zosimus
* Boniface I
* Celestine I
* Sixtus III
* Leo I
* Hilarius
* Simplicius
* Felix III
* Gelasius I
* Anastasius II
* Symmachus
* Hormisdas
* John I
* Felix IV
* Boniface II
* John II
* Agapetus I
* Silverius
* Vigilius
* Pelagius I
* John III
* Benedict I
* Pelagius II
* Gregory I
* Sabinian
* Boniface III
* Boniface IV
* Adeodatus I
* Boniface V
* Honorius I
* Severinus
* John IV
* Theodore I
* Martin I
* Eugene I
* Vitalian
* Adeodatus II
* Donus
* Agatho
* Leo II
* Benedict II
* John V
* Conon
* Sergius I
* John VI
* John VII
* Sisinnius
* Constantine
* Gregory II
* Gregory III
* Zachary
* Stephen II
* Paul I
* Stephen III
* Adrian I
* Leo III

9th–12th centuries|

* Stephen IV
* Paschal I
* Eugene II
* Valentine
* Gregory IV
* Sergius II
* Leo IV
* Benedict III
* Nicholas I
* Adrian II
* John VIII
* Marinus I
* Adrian III
* Stephen V
* Formosus
* Boniface VI
* Stephen VI
* Romanus
* Theodore II
* John IX
* Benedict IV
* Leo V
* Sergius III
* Anastasius III
* Lando
* John X
* Leo VI
* Stephen VII
* John XI
* Leo VII
* Stephen VIII
* Marinus II
* Agapetus II
* John XII
* Benedict V
* Leo VIII
* John XIII
* Benedict VI
* Benedict VII
* John XIV
* John XV
* Gregory V
* Sylvester II
* John XVII
* John XVIII
* Sergius IV
* Benedict VIII
* John XIX
* Benedict IX
* Sylvester III
* Gregory VI
* Clement II
* Damasus II
* Leo IX
* Victor II
* Stephen IX
* Nicholas II
* Alexander II
* Gregory VII
* Victor III
* Urban II
* Paschal II
* Gelasius II
* Callixtus II
* Honorius II
* Innocent II
* Celestine II
* Lucius II
* Eugene III
* Anastasius IV
* Adrian IV
* Alexander III
* Lucius III
* Urban III
* Gregory VIII
* Clement III
* Celestine III
* Innocent III

13th–16th centuries|

* Honorius III
* Gregory IX
* Celestine IV
* Innocent IV
* Alexander IV
* Urban IV
* Clement IV
* Gregory X
* Innocent V
* Adrian V
* John XXI
* Nicholas III
* Martin IV
* Honorius IV
* Nicholas IV
* Celestine V
* Boniface VIII
* Benedict XI
* Clement V
* John XXII
* Benedict XII
* Clement VI
* Innocent VI
* Urban V
* Gregory XI
* Urban VI
* Boniface IX
* Innocent VII
* Gregory XII
* Martin V
* Eugene IV
* Nicholas V
* Callixtus III
* Pius II
* Paul II
* Sixtus IV
* Innocent VIII
* Alexander VI
* Pius III
* Julius II
* Leo X
* Adrian VI
* Clement VII
* Paul III
* Julius III
* Marcellus II
* Paul IV
* Pius IV
* Pius V
* Gregory XIII
* Sixtus V
* Urban VII
* Gregory XIV
* Innocent IX
* Clement VIII

17th–21st centuries|

* Leo XI
* Paul V
* Gregory XV
* Urban VIII
* Innocent X
* Alexander VII
* Clement IX
* Clement X
* Innocent XI
* Alexander VIII
* Innocent XII
* Clement XI
* Innocent XIII
* Benedict XIII
* Clement XII
* Benedict XIV
* Clement XIII
* Clement XIV
* Pius VI
* Pius VII
* Leo XII
* Pius VIII
* Gregory XVI
* Pius IX
* Leo XIII
* Pius X
* Benedict XV
* Pius XI
* Pius XII
* John XXIII
* Paul VI
* John Paul I
* John Paul II
* Benedict XVI
* Francis
* Leo XIV

History of the papacy|

| Antiquity and Early
Middle Ages|

* During the Roman Empire (until 493)
* Under Constantine (312–337)
* Ostrogothic Papacy (493–537)
* Byzantine Papacy (537–752)
* Frankish Papacy (756–857)
* Saeculum obscurum (904–964)
* Crescentii era (974–1012)

|

High and Late
Middle Ages|

* Tusculan Papacy (1012–1044 / 1048)
* Conflicts with the HRE (1048–1257)
* Wandering Papacy
* Viterbo, 1257–1281
* Orvieto, 1262–1297
* Perugia, 1228–1304
* Avignon Papacy (1309–1378)
* Western Schism (1378–1417)

Early Modern and
Modern Era|

* Renaissance Papacy (1417–1534)
* Reformation Papacy (1534–1585)
* Baroque Papacy (1585–1689)
* Age of Enlightenment (c. 1640–1740)
* Revolutionary Papacy (1775–1848)
* Roman question (1870–1929)
* Vatican City (1929–present)
* World War II (1939–1945)
* Cold War (1945–1991)

* Category
* Portal

* v
* t
* e

History of the Catholic Church

General|

* History of the Catholic Church
* By country or region
* Ecclesiastical history
* Timeline
* Papacy
* Papal primacy
* Catholic ecumenical councils
* First seven
* Catholic Bible
* Biblical canon
* Vulgate
* Crusading movement
* History of the Roman Curia
* Religious institutes
* Christian monasticism
* Catholic culture
* Art
* Role in civilization
* Vatican City
* Papal States
* Latin Church
* Eastern Catholic Churches

Early Church
(30–325/476)|

| Origins and
Apostolic Age (30–100)|

* Jesus
* Ministry
* Crucifixion
* Resurrection
* Great Commission
* Holy Spirit
* Mary
* John the Baptist
* Apostles in the New Testament
* Commissioning
* Peter
* John
* Paul
* Stephen
* Council of Jerusalem
* Split with Judaism
* New Testament
* Background
* Gospels
* Acts
* Pauline epistles
* General epistles
* Revelation

|

Ante-Nicene period (100–325)|

* Persecution
* Church Fathers
* Apostolic Fathers
* Pope Clement I
* Polycarp
* Ignatius
* Irenaeus
* Justin Martyr
* Canon
* Tertullian
* Origen

Late antiquity
(313–476)|

| Great Church
(180–451)
Roman
state church
(380–451)|

* Constantine the Great
* Christianity
* Arian controversy
* Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
* Old St. Peter's Basilica
* First Council of Nicaea
* Pope Sylvester I
* First Council of Constantinople
* Biblical canon
* Jerome
* Vulgate
* Council of Ephesus
* Council of Chalcedon

|

Early Middle Ages|

* Benedict of Nursia
* Monasticism
* Second Council of Constantinople
* Pope Gregory I
* Gregorian chant
* Third Council of Constantinople
* Saint Boniface
* Byzantine Iconoclasm
* Second Council of Nicaea
* Charlemagne
* Pope Leo III
* Fourth Council of Constantinople
* East–West Schism

High Middle Ages|

* Pope Urban II
* Investiture Controversy
* Clash against the empire
* Crusades
* Universities
* Scholasticism
* First Council of the Lateran
* Second Council of the Lateran
* Third Council of the Lateran
* Pope Innocent III
* Latin Empire
* Francis of Assisi
* Fourth Council of the Lateran
* Inquisition
* First Council of Lyon
* Second Council of Lyon
* Bernard of Clairvaux

Late Middle Ages|

* Thomas Aquinas
* Pope Boniface VIII
* Western Schism
* Avignon Papacy
* Pope Clement V
* Council of Vienne
* Knights Templar
* Catherine of Siena
* Pope Alexander VI
* Age of Discovery

Protestant Reformation
Counter-Reformation

* Protestant Reformation
* Catholic Counter-Reformation
* Exsurge Domine
* Dissolution of the monasteries
* Council of Trent
* Thomas More
* Pope Leo X
* Society of Jesus
* Ignatius of Loyola
* Francis Xavier
* Pope Pius V
* Tridentine Mass
* Teresa of Ávila
* John of the Cross
* Peter Canisius
* Philip Neri
* Robert Bellarmine
* European wars of religion
* Thirty Years' War

Baroque period to the
French Revolution

* Pope Innocent XI
* Pope Benedict XIV
* Suppression of the Society of Jesus
* Age of Enlightenment
* Anti-clericalism
* Pope Pius VI
* Shimabara Rebellion
* Edict of Nantes
* Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution

19th century|

* Pope Pius VII
* Pope Pius IX
* United States
* Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary
* Our Lady of La Salette
* Our Lady of Lourdes
* First Vatican Council
* Papal infallibility
* Pope Leo XIII
* Mary of the Divine Heart
* Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart
* Rerum novarum

20th century|

* Pope Pius X
* Our Lady of Fátima
* Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII
* Pope Pius XII
* Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
* Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary
* Lateran Treaty
* Nazism
* Mit brennender Sorge
* Pope John XXIII
* Pacem in terris
* Second Vatican Council
* Ecumenism
* Judaism
* Pope Paul VI (coronation)
* Pope John Paul I
* Mother Teresa
* Communism
* Pope John Paul II
* HIV/AIDS
* World Youth Day
* 1995

21st century|

* Sexual abuse scandal
* Islam
* World Youth Day
* 2000
* 2002
* 2005
* 2008
* 2011
* 2013
* 2016
* 2019
* 2023
* Pope Benedict XVI
* Pope Francis
* Laudato si'
* Patriarch Kirill
* COVID-19 pandemic
* Pope Leo XIV

* Vatican City portal
* Catholicism portal

* v
* t
* e

Francis of Assisi

Organisations|

* Order of Friars Minor (Custody of the Holy Land)
* Order of Saint Clare
* Secular Franciscan Order
* Third Order of Saint Francis

Works by Francis|

* Canticle of the Sun

Created|

* Sanctuary of Greccio
* Nativity scene (live)

Honors|

* Feast of Saints Francis and Catherine
* World Animal Day

Literature about|

* Little Flowers of St. Francis

Visual art|

* Saint Francis in Ecstasy (Bellini)
* Nativity with Saint Francis and Saint Lawrence (Caravaggio)
* Saint Francis in Meditation (Caravaggio)
* Saint Francis in Prayer (Caravaggio)
* Saint Francis of Assisi in Ecstasy (Caravaggio)
* Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata (van Eyck)
* Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata (Giotto)
* Saint Francis (Gonçalves)
* Saint Francis of Assisi in Ecstasy (studio of El Greco)
* Saint Francis (Zurbarán)
* Saint Francis in Ecstasy (Zurbarán)

Music|

* "All Creatures of Our God and King"
* The Canticle of the Sun (Sowerby)
* Le Laudi (Suter oratorio)
* Légende No. 1 (Liszt)
* Laudato si' (Reulein oratorio)
* Quatre petites prières de saint François d'Assise

Stage|

* Nobilissima Visione (1938 ballet)
* Saint François d'Assise (1983 Messiaen opera)
* Samstag aus Licht (1983 Stockhausen opera)

Films|

* Frate Sole (1918)
* The Flowers of St. Francis (1950)
* Francis of Assisi (1961)
* Francesco di Assisi (1966)
* Brother Sun, Sister Moon (1972)
* Francesco (1989)
* St. Francis (2002)
* Clare and Francis (2007)

Related|

* List of places named after Saint Francis
* Madonna of Foligno
* Wolf of Gubbio
* Discalced
* Prayer of Saint Francis
* Society of Saint Francis
* Pope Francis
* "The Sermon of St. Francis" (poem)
* Pranchiyettan & the Saint

Catholicism portal

* v
* t
* e

World Youth Day events

Pope John Paul II|

* Youth Jubilee 1984
* Rome 1985
* Buenos Aires 1987
* Santiago de Compostela 1989
* Częstochowa 1991
* Denver 1993
* Manila 1995
* Paris 1997
* Rome 2000
* Toronto 2002

Pope Benedict XVI|

* Cologne 2005
* Sydney 2008
* Madrid 2011

Pope Francis|

* Rio de Janeiro 2013
* Kraków 2016
* Panama 2019
* Lisbon 2023

Pope Leo XIV|

Seoul 2027

* Catholic youth work
* Category:World Youth Day
* Catholic Church portal

* v
* t
* e

Recipients of the Charlemagne Prize

1950–1975|

* 1950 Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi
* 1951 Hendrik Brugmans
* 1952 Alcide De Gasperi
* 1953 Jean Monnet
* 1954 Konrad Adenauer
* 1955
* 1956 Winston Churchill
* 1957 Paul-Henri Spaak
* 1958 Robert Schuman
* 1959 George C. Marshall
* 1960 Joseph Bech
* 1961 Walter Hallstein
* 1962
* 1963 Edward Heath
* 1964 Antonio Segni
* 1965
* 1966 Jens Otto Krag
* 1967 Joseph Luns
* 1968
* 1969 European Commission
* 1970 François Seydoux de Clausonne
* 1971
* 1972 Roy Jenkins
* 1973 Salvador de Madariaga
* 1974
* 1975

1976–2000|

* 1976 Leo Tindemans
* 1977 Walter Scheel
* 1978 Konstantinos Karamanlis
* 1979 Emilio Colombo
* 1980
* 1981 Simone Veil
* 1982 King Juan Carlos I
* 1983
* 1984
* 1985
* 1986 People of Luxembourg
* 1987 Henry Kissinger
* 1988 François Mitterrand / Helmut Kohl
* 1989 Brother Roger
* 1990 Gyula Horn
* 1991 Václav Havel
* 1992 Jacques Delors
* 1993 Felipe González
* 1994 Gro Harlem Brundtland
* 1995 Franz Vranitzky
* 1996 Queen Beatrix
* 1997 Roman Herzog
* 1998 Bronisław Geremek
* 1999 Tony Blair
* 2000 Bill Clinton

2001–present|

* 2001 György Konrád
* 2002 Euro
* 2003 Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
* 2004 Pat Cox / Pope John Paul II1
* 2005 Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
* 2006 Jean-Claude Juncker
* 2007 Javier Solana
* 2008 Angela Merkel
* 2009 Andrea Riccardi
* 2010 Donald Tusk
* 2011 Jean-Claude Trichet
* 2012 Wolfgang Schäuble
* 2013 Dalia Grybauskaitė
* 2014 Herman Van Rompuy
* 2015 Martin Schulz
* 2016 Pope Francis
* 2017 Timothy Garton Ash
* 2018 Emmanuel Macron
* 2019 António Guterres
* 2020 Klaus Iohannis
* 2022 Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya, Maria Kalesnikava, Veronika Tsepkalo
* 2023 Volodymyr Zelensky, the Ukrainian people
* 2024 Pinchas Goldschmidt and the Jewish communities in Europe
* 2025 Ursula von der Leyen

1 Received extraordinary prize.

* v
* t
* e

Time Persons of the Year

1927–1950|

* Charles Lindbergh (1927)
* Walter Chrysler (1928)
* Owen D. Young (1929)
* Mohandas Gandhi (1930)
* Pierre Laval (1931)
* Franklin D. Roosevelt (1932)
* Hugh S. Johnson (1933)
* Franklin D. Roosevelt (1934)
* Haile Selassie (1935)
* Wallis Simpson (1936)
* Chiang Kai-shek / Soong Mei-ling (1937)
* Adolf Hitler (1938)
* Joseph Stalin (1939)
* Winston Churchill (1940)
* Franklin D. Roosevelt (1941)
* Joseph Stalin (1942)
* George Marshall (1943)
* Dwight D. Eisenhower (1944)
* Harry S. Truman (1945)
* James F. Byrnes (1946)
* George Marshall (1947)
* Harry S. Truman (1948)
* Winston Churchill (1949)
* The American Fighting-Man (1950)

1951–1975|

* Mohammed Mosaddeq (1951)
* Elizabeth II  (1952)
* Konrad Adenauer (1953)
* John Foster Dulles (1954)
* Harlow Curtice (1955)
* Hungarian Freedom Fighters (1956)
* Nikita Khrushchev (1957)
* Charles de Gaulle (1958)
* Dwight D. Eisenhower (1959)
* U.S. Scientists: George Beadle / Charles Draper / John Enders / Donald A. Glaser / Joshua Lederberg / Willard Libby / Linus Pauling / Edward Purcell / Isidor Rabi / Emilio Segrè / William Shockley / Edward Teller / Charles Townes / James Van Allen / Robert Woodward (1960)
* John F. Kennedy (1961)
* Pope John XXIII (1962)
* Martin Luther King Jr. (1963)
* Lyndon B. Johnson (1964)
* William Westmoreland (1965)
* The Generation Twenty-Five and Under (1966)
* Lyndon B. Johnson (1967)
* The Apollo 8 Astronauts: William Anders / Frank Borman / Jim Lovell (1968)
* The Middle Americans (1969)
* Willy Brandt (1970)
* Richard Nixon (1971)
* Henry Kissinger / Richard Nixon (1972)
* John Sirica (1973)
* King Faisal (1974)
* American Women: Susan Brownmiller / Kathleen Byerly / Alison Cheek / Jill Conway / Betty Ford / Ella Grasso / Carla Hills / Barbara Jordan / Billie Jean King / Susie Sharp / Carol Sutton / Addie Wyatt (1975)

1976–2000|

* Jimmy Carter (1976)
* Anwar Sadat (1977)
* Deng Xiaoping (1978)
* Ayatollah Khomeini (1979)
* Ronald Reagan (1980)
* Lech Wałęsa (1981)
* The Computer (1982)
* Ronald Reagan / Yuri Andropov (1983)
* Peter Ueberroth (1984)
* Deng Xiaoping (1985)
* Corazon Aquino (1986)
* Mikhail Gorbachev (1987)
* The Endangered Earth (1988)
* Mikhail Gorbachev (1989)
* George H. W. Bush (1990)
* Ted Turner (1991)
* Bill Clinton (1992)
* The Peacemakers: Yasser Arafat / F. W. de Klerk / Nelson Mandela / Yitzhak Rabin (1993)
* Pope John Paul II (1994)
* Newt Gingrich (1995)
* David Ho (1996)
* Andrew Grove (1997)
* Bill Clinton / Ken Starr (1998)
* Jeff Bezos (1999)
* George W. Bush (2000)

2001–present|

* Rudolph Giuliani (2001)
* The Whistleblowers: Cynthia Cooper / Coleen Rowley / Sherron Watkins (2002)
* The American Soldier (2003)
* George W. Bush (2004)
* The Good Samaritans: Bono / Bill Gates / Melinda Gates (2005)
* You (2006)
* Vladimir Putin (2007)
* Barack Obama (2008)
* Ben Bernanke (2009)
* Mark Zuckerberg (2010)
* The Protester (2011)
* Barack Obama (2012)
* Pope Francis (2013)
* Ebola Fighters: Dr. Jerry Brown / Dr. Kent Brantly / Ella Watson-Stryker / Foday Gollah / Salome Karwah (2014)
* Angela Merkel (2015)
* Donald Trump (2016)
* The Silence Breakers (2017)
* The Guardians: Jamal Khashoggi / Maria Ressa / Wa Lone / Kyaw Soe Oo / Staff of The Capital (2018)
* Greta Thunberg (2019)
* Joe Biden / Kamala Harris (2020)
* Elon Musk (2021)
* Volodymyr Zelenskyy / Spirit of Ukraine (2022)
* Taylor Swift (2023)
* Donald Trump (2024)

Pope Francis at Wikipedia's sister projects:

* Media from Commons
* News from Wikinews
* Quotations from Wikiquote
* Texts from Wikisource
* Data from Wikidata

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF
* FAST
* WorldCat

National|

* Germany
* United States
* France
* BnF data
* Japan
* Italy
* Australia
* Czech Republic
* Russia
* Spain
* Portugal
* Netherlands
* Norway
* Taiwan
* Latvia
* Croatia
* Greece
* 2
* Argentina
* Korea
* Sweden
* Poland
* Vatican
* Israel
* Finland
* Catalonia
* Belgium

Academics|

* CiNii

Artists|

* MusicBrainz

People|

* Trove
* Deutsche Biographie
* DDB

Other|

* IdRef

*[c.]: circa
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template