Pope Leo XIV

Head of the Catholic Church since 2025

"Robert Prevost" redirects here. For other people with that name, see Robert Prevost (disambiguation).

Pope

Leo XIV

Bishop of Rome

Leo XIV in 2025

Church| Catholic Church
Papacy began| May 8, 2025
Predecessor| Francis

Previous posts

Previous post(s)|

* Prior Provincial of Our Mother of Good Counsel (1998‍–‍2001)
* Prior General of the Order of Saint Augustine (2001‍–‍2013)
* Titular Bishop of Sufar (2014‍–‍2015)
* Apostolic Administrator of Chiclayo (2014‍–‍2015)
* Bishop of Chiclayo (2015‍–‍2023)
* Apostolic Administrator of Callao (2020‍–‍2021)
* Prefect of the Dicastery for Bishops (2023‍–‍2025)
* President of the Pontifical Commission for Latin America (2023‍–‍2025)
* Cardinal Deacon of Santa Monica (2023‍–‍2025)
* Cardinal Bishop of Albano (2025)

Orders
Ordination| June 19, 1982
by Jean Jadot
Consecration| December 12, 2014
by James Green
Created cardinal| September 30, 2023
by Pope Francis
Rank|

* Cardinal deacon (2023‍–‍2025)
* Cardinal bishop (2025)

Personal details
Born|

Robert Francis Prevost

(1955-09-14) September 14, 1955 (age 69)

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Citizenship|

* United States
* Peru (since 2015)
* Vatican City (since 2023)

Residence| Apostolic Palace
Education|

* Villanova University (BS)
* Catholic Theological Union (MDiv)
* Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas (JCL, JCD)

Motto| In illo Uno unum
('In the One, [we are] one')[1]
Signature|
Coat of arms|

Ordination history

| History

Diaconal ordination

Ordained by| Thomas Gumbleton
Date| September 10, 1981
Place| St. Clare of Montefalco Parish, Grosse Pointe Park, Michigan

Priestly ordination

Ordained by| Jean Jadot
Date| June 19, 1982
Place| Santa Monica degli Agostiniani, Rome

Episcopal consecration

Principal consecrator| James Green
Co-consecrators|

* Jesús Moliné Labarte
* Salvador Piñeiro García-Calderón

Date| December 12, 2014
Place| St. Mary's Cathedral, Chiclayo

Cardinalate

Elevated by| Pope Francis
Date| September 30, 2023

Other popes named Leo

Pope Leo XIV[a] (born Robert Francis Prevost,[b][c] September 14, 1955) is the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State. He is the first pope to have been born in the United States and North America, the first to hold American and Peruvian citizenships, the first from the Order of Saint Augustine, and the second from the Americas after his predecessor Pope Francis.

Prevost was born in Chicago and raised in the nearby suburb of Dolton, Illinois. He became a friar of the Order of Saint Augustine in 1977 and was ordained as a priest in 1982. He earned a Doctor of Canon Law (JCD) degree in 1987, from the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas in Rome. His service includes extensive missionary work in Peru in the 1980s and 1990s, where he worked as a parish pastor, diocesan official, seminary teacher, and administrator. Elected prior general of the Order of Saint Augustine, he was based in Rome from 2001 to 2013, and extensively traveled to the order's provinces around the world. He then returned to Peru as Bishop of Chiclayo from 2015 to 2023. In 2023, Pope Francis appointed him prefect of the Dicastery for Bishops in Rome, and president of the Pontifical Commission for Latin America.

Made a cardinal by Pope Francis, Prevost emphasized synodality, missionary dialogue, and engagement with social and technological challenges. He also engaged with issues such as climate change, global migration, church governance, and human rights, and expressed alignment with the reforms of the Second Vatican Council.

Prevost's election in the 2025 conclave was unexpected by observers; he was a dark horse candidate, with Vatican insiders believing the prospect of a pope from the United States to be unrealistic so long as the country has the status of a superpower.[8][9] He took his papal name in honor of Pope Leo XIII, who developed modern Catholic social teaching amid the Second Industrial Revolution, in order to address the challenges of a new industrial revolution brought about by artificial intelligence.

## Early life, family, and education

[edit]

### Background and ancestry

[edit]

Main article: Family of Pope Leo XIV

Robert Francis Prevost was born on September 14, 1955,[10][11] at Mercy Hospital in the Bronzeville neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois, on the city's South Side.[12][13][14] He is of French,[15] Italian,[16][17] Spanish,[18] and Louisiana Creole[19] descent.[18][12][20][21] His father, Louis Marius Prevost, was a Chicago native, having grown up in Hyde Park.[22] Louis's parents were immigrants from Italy[23] and France, respectively.[3][24] Louis Prevost was a United States Navy veteran of World War II who commanded an infantry landing craft in the Normandy landings and later participated in Operation Dragoon in southern France.[24] An educator, he later became superintendent of Brookwood School District 167 in Glenwood, Illinois.[25][26] Leo XIV's mother, Mildred Agnes Prevost (née Martínez),[27][24][28] was also born in Chicago, into a mixed-race Black Creole family from Louisiana.[28][29] She was also an educator, and a librarian, including at Mendel Catholic High School.[30]

### Early life and schooling

[edit]

Prevost's childhood home, 212 East 141st Place, in Dolton, Illinois

Prevost attended Saint Mary of the Assumption Church and its parish elementary school in Chicago as a child.

Known as "Rob" to his family and "Bob" to friends as an adult,[12][31][32] Prevost was raised in Dolton, Illinois, a suburb bordering the far South Side; his childhood home was purchased by the Village of Dolton after he became pope.[33] He grew up in the parish of St. Mary of the Assumption in nearby Riverdale. His parents were practicing Catholics who were very involved in the parish: Louis was a catechist, a teacher of the faith; while Mildred was an active member of the Rosary and Altar Society, sang in the church choir, provided services for the church and went to daily Mass. According to Leo, what influenced him spiritually was his parents' faith, prayer life and Marian devotions ("My parents prayed the rosary together their whole lives everyday") and their mutual love.[34][27] His mother would call him and his brothers to go to Mass before school at 6:30 a.m., and told them that Jesus "is your best friend, and Mass was a way to find that friend."[35] Leo went to the parish Catholic school, sang in the choir, and served as an altar boy.[12][36][d] Prevost has two older brothers, Louis Martín, and John Joseph.[38] Prevost aspired to the priesthood from a young age,[31] and would play-act the Mass at home with his brothers.[39]

From 1969 to 1973, Prevost attended St. Augustine Seminary High School, a minor seminary near Saugatuck, Michigan;[40][41] his brother John recalled how, from the end of eighth grade on, and especially after joining the Order of Saint Augustine, until their later adulthood when leave allowed them to reconnect, Prevost was hardly at home or with their family.[39]

At the Augustinian seminary, he earned a letter of commendation for academic excellence, consistently appeared on the honor roll, served as yearbook editor-in-chief, and was secretary of the student council and a member of the National Honor Society.[42][43] He captained the bowling team and headed the speech and debate team, competing in Congressional Debate.[44][45] Well-liked and highly intelligent, Prevost had a reputation for helping other students as a tutor.[46] Out of several dozen who entered the school with him, Prevost was one of only 13 students in his class to graduate.[9]

### University

[edit]

In 1973, Prevost was planning to attend Tolentine College, an Augustinian seminary in Olympia Fields, Illinois,[47] but it closed that same year.[9] He promptly enrolled in Villanova University, an Augustinian college located near Philadelphia, where he earned a Bachelor of Science (BS) degree in mathematics in 1977.[11][48] At Villanova, he took elective courses in Hebrew and Latin (which was seen as unusual because he was not majoring in theology), read the writings of Saint Augustine, and discussed the work of theologian Karl Rahner with other students.[9] He lived in the Augustinian friary, and was remembered as "particularly committed...to missionary work," and being "the most community minded" among the students.[49] Prevost also worked as a cemetery groundskeeper at Saint Denis Roman Catholic Church in Havertown, Pennsylvania, while studying at Villanova.[50]

He returned to his father's native Hyde Park to obtain a Master of Divinity (MDiv) from Catholic Theological Union in 1982 and taught physics and math at St. Rita of Cascia High School in Chicago's Wrightwood neighborhood during his studies.[12][51] As his spiritual director, a guide to the Christian life, he chose a woman-religious, Sister Lyn Osiek, the supervisor of his theological-reflection class. She described him as "calm and steady...a person who was at peace with himself."[52]

He earned a Licentiate of Canon Law (JCL) in 1984, followed by a Doctor of Canon Law (JCD) degree in 1987, both from the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas in Rome.[11] During this period, he also learned Italian.[9] His doctoral thesis was a canon law study of the role of the local prior in the Order of Saint Augustine.[53] Villanova University awarded him an honorary Doctor of Humanities degree in 2014.[48]

## Early career (1977–1998)

[edit]

### Formation and early priesthood

[edit]

Prevost spent his novitiate at Immaculate Conception Church in St. Louis, Missouri.

On September 1, 1977, Prevost joined the Order of Saint Augustine as a novice in the Province of Our Mother of Good Counsel. He resided for one year at Immaculate Conception Church in the Gate District neighborhood of St. Louis, Missouri.[54][55][56][57] In the summer of 1978, Prevost spent three months in Clinical Pastoral Education at Abbott Northwestern Hospital in Minneapolis.[58][59][60] He moved to Chicago, and took his first vows on September 2, 1978; he made his solemn vows on August 29, 1981.[10][11] On September 10, 1981, Prevost was ordained a deacon by Thomas Gumbleton at St. Clare of Montefalco Parish in Grosse Pointe Park, Michigan.[61] Prevost was ordained a priest in Rome, at the Chapel of Saint Monica of the Augustinians by Archbishop Jean Jadot on June 19, 1982.[10][11][62]

### Missionary work in Peru

[edit]

"Padre Roberto" joined the Augustinian mission in Peru in 1985, serving as chancellor of the Territorial Prelature of Chulucanas (1985–1986).[10] In 1987, after defending his doctoral thesis, he was vocation director and missions director of the Augustinian Province of Our Mother of Good Counsel in Olympia Fields, Illinois, and worked with the faculty of the Augustinian Novitiate in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin, before returning to Peru in 1988.[11][63] During his time in Peru, Prevost met and appreciated the Dominican priest and theologian Gustavo Gutierrez, a founder of liberation theology.[62] He also learned and mastered the Spanish language during this period.[9]

As a young missionary, Prevost worked in a number of roles in the Diocese of Trujillo.

Prevost spent a decade heading the Augustinian seminary in Trujillo, teaching canon law in the diocesan seminary,[11] serving as prefect of studies, acting as a judge in the regional ecclesiastical court, and working in parish ministry on the city's outskirts.[64] He proved successful in the Augustinians' efforts to recruit Peruvians for the priesthood and leadership positions in the order.[65] He organized support for Venezuelan refugees to Peru despite discrimination against the Venezuelans.[66]

During the Fujimorato era, Prevost criticized the actions of then-President Alberto Fujimori, placing special emphasis on the victims of the Peruvian Army, especially the Colina Group, during the period of terrorism in Peru, as well as on political corruption. In 2017, he criticized President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski's decision to pardon Fujimori, and called upon Fujimori "to personally apologize for some of the great injustices that were committed".[67] His years in Peru gave him personal knowledge of political violence and inequality; at times, as a missionary, he traveled by horse on difficult roads to reach the isolated communities in the valleys of Lambayeque.[68] He also stood out as a defender of human rights of the population of the Norte Chico region against the violence of the Marxist–Leninist–Maoist guerrilla organization Shining Path.[69][70]

## Prior provincial and prior general (1998–2013)

[edit]

St. Thomas School in Hyde Park, Chicago

In 1998, Prevost was elected Prior Provincial of the Order of St. Augustine's Province of Our Mother of Good Counsel based in Chicago, assuming the role on March 8, 1999.[11] In 2000, he permitted James Ray, an Augustinian priest, to reside at St. John Stone Friary in Chicago under supervision. Ray had been suspended from public ministry since 1991 due to credible accusations that he had sexually abused minors. Prevost's allowing of the placement of Ray in a friary at the request of the Archdiocese of Chicago and close to St. Thomas School was the subject of reporting in 2021, prior to his appointment to the Vatican.[71] According to the Augustinians, "the location was selected because of the supervision the priest would receive."[52] After American bishops implemented stricter rules in the Dallas Charter, Ray was moved to other housing in 2002.[71][72][e]

Elected Prior General of the Order of Saint Augustine in 2001, Prevost served two consecutive, six-year terms until 2013.[73] During his tenure as the global head of the Augustinian order, Prevost lived and worked in Rome, but frequently traveled around the world. It was in that capacity that in 2004, he visited Buenos Aires and met Cardinal Archbishop Jorge Mario Bergoglio for the first time. Their early encounters are reported to have not gone well. Prevost later explained that at the time, he thought he would never become a bishop after Bergoglio was elected pope in 2013, but has declined to reveal what they initially disagreed upon. However, they were able to reconcile their differences before Prevost left Rome for Chicago in 2013.[9] Soon after his election as prior general, Prevost personally oversaw the creation of a web site for the Augustinians.[74]

From 2013 to 2014, Prevost served as director of formation at the Convent of St. Augustine in Chicago, and as first councilor and provincial vicar of the province of Our Mother of Good Counsel.[11]

## Bishop of Chiclayo (2015–2023)

[edit]

St. Mary's Cathedral in Chiclayo, Peru, where Prevost was diocesan bishop from 2015 to 2023

On November 3, 2014, Pope Francis appointed Prevost as the apostolic administrator of the Diocese of Chiclayo in northern Peru and the titular bishop of Sufar.[75] He was consecrated on December 12, 2014, at St. Mary's Cathedral in Chiclayo by Archbishop James Green, Apostolic Nuncio to Peru.[76][77] On September 26, 2015, he was named Bishop of Chiclayo.[78][79] As required by a 1980 pact between the Holy See and Peru,[80] Prevost became a naturalized Peruvian citizen before becoming bishop.[51]

Prevost developed a close bond with the diocese of Chiclayo, directing a special message to them in his first message as Pope, calling them "my beloved diocese", "faithful people" and "faithful church".[81][82] He was seen as being "very faithful to the Church's social doctrine" and organized relief efforts during calamities. He also supported projects in favor of Venezuelan refugees and encouraged vocations in youth groups, giving strong support to the seminary.[83] He helped victims of trafficking and sex workers learn new skills and trades, and invited them to spiritual retreats, while ensuring that volunteer workers have adequate training.[84] He is remembered for his capacity to listen and have discussions with different groups before taking action, and working with institutions when facing controversial issues.[84] He established a diocesan Commission on Integral Ecology and appointed a woman to lead it.[81] According to interviews done by The Pillar, people in the diocese described their bishop as having a "balanced" personality, a "calming presence", showing "great charity and great clarity" in doctrinal matters, and a competent administrator and bridge-builder open to dialogue and never hurtful, with "apostolic zeal"[83]

On July 13, 2019, Prevost was appointed a member of the Congregation for the Clergy,[85] and on April 15, 2020, he became apostolic administrator of Callao.[86][f] On November 21, 2020, he joined the Congregation for Bishops.[87] Within the Episcopal Conference of Peru, he served on the permanent council (2018–2020) and was elected president of its Commission for Education and Culture in 2019, also contributing to Caritas Peru.[88][89] His presence in the permanent council of the episcopal conference was seen by Cardinal Joseph Tobin as "extraordinary for someone who was not born in Peru. Clearly, he has a broad degree of acceptance in the divided group."[90] Prevost had a private audience with Pope Francis on March 1, 2021,[91] sparking speculation about a new role in Chicago or Rome.[92]

Prevost as Bishop of Chiclayo in 2018, commenting on extreme poverty in the region (in Spanish)

Prevost has been accused of covering up sexual abuse during his time in Chiclayo.[93][94] In 2022, alleged victims of abuse in 2007 by priests Ricardo Yesquén Paiva and Eleuterio Vásquez Gonzáles said the Diocese of Chiclayo failed to investigate their cases.[95] The Diocese of Chiclayo stated that Prevost followed proper procedures, met with Ana María Quispe and her sisters in April 2022 to personally attend the victims, encouraged them to initiate a civil action, and initiated a canonical investigation, the results of which he sent to the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith.[96][97] The sisters stated in 2024 that no full penal canonical investigation occurred, and an investigation by América Televisión concluded that the church's investigation was not thorough.[98][99]

In response the diocese of Chiclayo stated the allegations of the TV program were false, calling on it to correct its inaccuracies. The diocese said that the accused priest "never admitted" to the accusations, that Prevost prohibited him from exercising the priestly ministry and the priest transferred residence to his family's home. Prevost submitted the dossier to the Vatican, which gave a "pro nunc" decision or temporary dismissal. The diocese later reopened the case and resent it to the Vatican, and thus it remains "open up to now."[100]

Speaking to the Peruvian newspaper La República while Bishop of Chiclayo, Prevost said: "If you are a victim of sexual abuse by a priest, report it. We reject cover-ups and secrecy; that causes a lot of harm. We have to help people who have suffered due to wrongdoing."[101][102][g] Journalist Pedro Salinas [es], who investigated and exposed crimes committed by members of the now-defunct Sodalitium Christianae Vitae—including sexual, physical, and psychological abuse—has argued that Prevost always expressed his support for the victims and was one of the most reliable clerical authorities in Peru, leading Pope Francis to select him as prefect of bishops. Salinas has written that some of the Peruvian clerics linked to the Sodalitium sought to attack and defame Prevost in retaliation for his role in the Sodalitium's dissolution by Pope Francis due to its sexual abuse scandals, as well as Prevost being near to Francis's political theology.[103][104]

## Dicastery for Bishops and cardinalate (2023–2025)

[edit]

Cardinal Prevost (first from right) during the procession with the body of Pope Francis, April 23, 2025

Prevost during the Consistory in 2023

By the 2020s, Pope Francis had become close to Prevost and advanced his career.[9][105] On January 30, 2023, Francis appointed Prevost prefect of the Dicastery for Bishops with the title Archbishop-Bishop emeritus of Chiclayo.[106][107] Prevost expressed a preference to stay in Peru, but accepted the appointment.[105] He continued to be active in the Latin American and Caribbean Episcopal Council and participated in the council's meetings in Aguadilla, Puerto Rico, in May 2023.[108]

On September 30, 2023, Francis created Prevost a cardinal with the rank of Cardinal-Deacon and assigned the deaconry of Santa Monica degli Agostiniani.[109] As prefect, he played a critical role in evaluating and recommending episcopal candidates worldwide, increasing his visibility within the church.[110] These roles elevated his prominence as a papal candidate leading into the conclave.[111][112][113] In October 2023, Francis appointed him as a member of seven additional dicasteries,[11][h] and also named him to the Pontifical Commission for the Vatican City State.[11]

On February 6, 2025, Francis promoted Prevost to cardinal-bishop, assigning him as titular bishop of the Suburbicarian Diocese of Albano.[114][115][i] On February 11, he was appointed to the dignity and rank of Bailiff Grand Cross of Honour and Devotion of the Order of Malta by Grand Master Fra' John Dunlap.[117]

## Written works before the papacy and theology of leadership

[edit]

Main article: Pope Leo XIV bibliography

Given his focus on mission, the writings of Prevost before his election were few.[118][119] When he was global head of the Augustinians, the Rule and Constitutions of the Order of Saint Augustine was "issued by Authority of the Prior General, Robert F. Prevost" in 2002.[120]

Aside from four journal articles published mostly in Augustininan journals, his main work of scholarship is his doctoral dissertation, The office and authority of the local Prior in the Order of Saint Augustine, published by the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas in 1987. The work has been noted for its legal precision, Augustinian roots, postconciliar engagement and historical depth.[121] Much of the commentary see this work as a window to his "vision of the church" and "theology of leadership."[122][123][124]

In his thesis, Prevost sees that authority is received from above, and therefore "the substance of the office of the superior is to obey; to obey the will of God and to put great effort into trying to know it, to formulate it and to specify it for his subjects."[121] Leadership is based on Jesus Christ's threefold offices of teaching, sanctifying and governing, who sanctifies by prayer and builds community by being centered on the Mass, having "the care of the Brothers, 'especially in spiritual matters.'" The prior must help make the sacraments regular and reverent, protecting "each brother's freedom of conscience while promoting 'frequent' confession."[122]

Based on St. Augustine's concept, Prevost sees authority as a service.[125] He says that service means "listening to what the Spirit is saying in His people so that His projects can be carried out freely and willingly. The Prior then is called to listen, so that together they can discern and implement what the Spirit inspires."[123]

## Papacy (2025–present)

[edit]

### Election

[edit]

See also: 2025 conclave

Pope Leo XIV waving from the loggia of St. Peter's Basilica in his first public appearance

In pre-conclave speculation, Prevost was considered a dark horse compared to more prominent papabili,[126][127] although he was noted to be an ally of Pope Francis and a possible compromise candidate.[126][128] His American nationality had been regarded as a potential stumbling block to his candidacy, reflecting unease about enhancing the United States's geopolitical power.[8][129] Prevost was well aware of this, explaining to a friend by text message: "I'm an American, I can't be elected".[9] Supporters argued that he represented a "dignified middle of the road".[130]

Prevost was elected pope on May 8, 2025, the second day of the conclave, on the fourth ballot. White smoke appeared from the Sistine Chapel at 18:07 CEST (UTC+2), signifying to the public that a pope had been chosen.[131] After accepting his election and adopting his papal name, Leo embraced his fellow cardinals upon exiting the Sistine Chapel. Cardinal Dominique Mamberti, the cardinal protodeacon, made the traditional Latin proclamation, Habemus papam, announcing Pope Leo XIV to the public for the first time from the central loggia of St. Peter's Basilica.[132][133] According to Italian law enforcement, by the time of the habemus papam announcement, there were up to 150,000 in the square.[134]

Leo appeared wearing the traditional papal stole and mozzetta,[135] vestments Pope Francis did not wear upon his greeting of the world following his election.[136][137] His pectoral cross was one he wore during the conclave, a gift from the Postulator General of the Augustinian Order when he became a cardinal, containing relics from Saint Augustine and his mother Saint Monica, among others.[138] He then delivered his first address in Italian and Spanish. He expressed gratitude for the legacy of Pope Francis, and imparted his first Urbi et Orbi blessing in Latin.[139][140]

Leo XIV is the first pope from the Order of Saint Augustine and the second pope from the Americas (after Pope Francis), and is counted as the 267th pope.[141][11][142][j] He is a dual citizen of Peru and the United States.[143][144][145] He is the first American pope,[146] in the sense of being the first born in the United States.[147][148][149] He is the second to be a native English speaker, after the English-born Adrian IV (r. 1154–1159), who would have spoken Middle English.[150] Leo is also the first pope born after World War II and during the Cold War, and thus the first to be born in the Baby Boomer generation.[151][152] While Leo is the first pope from the Order of Saint Augustine,[153][154] six previous popes belonged to other orders which follow the Augustinian Rule.[155]

### Inauguration

[edit]

See also: Papal inauguration of Pope Leo XIV

Pope Leo XIV's first popemobile ride during his inauguration

On May 9, the day after his election, Leo celebrated his first Mass as pope in the Sistine Chapel before the assembled College of Cardinals. During the Mass, he preached against the lack of faith in the world, and spoke of a church that would act as a "beacon that illuminates the dark nights of this world".[156] Media reported that Leo would take up permanent residence in the papal apartments in the Apostolic Palace rather than in the Domus Sanctae Marthae where Francis lived.[157][158][159]

Leo's inauguration Mass was held on May 18 in St. Peter's Square.[160][161][162] During the Mass, he received the pallium and his Ring of the Fisherman before 12 representatives of the people of God, including cardinals and bishops, who vowed obedience to the new pope.[163] On May 25, he was formally installed as Bishop of Rome in a ceremony at the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran.[164]

### Post-election reactions and impact

[edit]

See also: International reactions to the election of Pope Leo XIV

In Chiclayo, thousands crowded the city square for a Mass of Thanksgiving following Leo's election. Similar masses were celebrated all over Peru.[165] In the US, over 30,000 Americans gathered at Chicago's Rate Field for a youth-focused celebration with a video message of Leo XIV who urged Catholics to be "beacons of hope".[166]

Political leaders sent their congratulations. President Donald Trump stated that it is "a Great Honor for our Country", while Vice President J.D. Vance, a Catholic, talked about Catholics and other Christians praying "for his successful work leading the Church". The European Council President António Costa said it was "a moment of hope".[167]

### Early acts

[edit]

On June 5, Leo nominated Joseph Lin Yuntuan as auxiliary bishop of Fuzhou, which was approved by Chinese authorities on June 11 as part of a 2018 agreement between the People's Republic of China and the Holy See under Pope Francis.[168] On July 5, Leo appointed French archbishop Thibault Verny to succeed Seán Patrick O'Malley as president of the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors. O'Malley endorsed the selection, describing Verny as "a collaborative leader committed to advancing the global adoption of protection and safeguarding, to as best possible assure the safety of those in the care of the Church throughout the world."[169]

On July 6, 2025, Leo revived the papal practice of taking summer residence at the Castel Gandolfo, which Francis had discontinued.[170]

## Views

[edit]

Prevost chose the papal name Leo in honor of Pope Leo XIII's social teachings.

Prevost's regnal name was chosen in honor of Pope Leo XIII (r. 1878–1903),[171] whose encyclical Rerum novarum established modern Catholic social teaching and promoted labor rights.[133][172] According to the Holy See Press Office director Matteo Bruni, this choice is "clearly a reference to the lives of men and women, to their work – even in an age marked by artificial intelligence."[173]

According to Cardinal Fernando Chomalí of Chile, Leo told him that the choice of papal name is based on his concern about the world's cultural shifts, a type of Copernican Revolution involving artificial intelligence and robotics. Chomalí said: "He was inspired by Leo XIII, who amid the Industrial Revolution wrote Rerum novarum launching an important dialogue between the church and the modern world."[174] Leo himself explained that "the church offers to everyone the treasury of her social teaching in response to another industrial revolution and to developments in the field of artificial intelligence that pose new challenges for the defense of human dignity, justice, and labor."[175][176][177]

In a May 2023 interview, Prevost stressed the need for prudence and responsibility on using social media to preclude "fueling divisions and controversy" and doing "damage to the communion of the Church."[178] This view is in line with his tendency to speak "with caution and great deliberation", as Christopher White, the Vatican correspondent of the National Catholic Reporter, described him.[179]

The National Catholic Reporter stated that Leo XIV is committed to ecumenism with other Christian denominations.[180] At his inauguration, he referenced "sister Christian Churches" and prayed for "a united church, a sign of unity and communion, which becomes a leaven for a reconciled world."[181][182][58] Leo XIV's first international trip as pontiff will be to Turkey at the end of November, to celebrate the 1,700th anniversary of the First Council of Nicaea with other Christians.[180]

### Church policy

[edit]

The new pope's first message emphasized the greeting of peace of the risen Jesus "who gave his life for God's flock", giving "an unarmed and disarming peace".[183] Leo said he wanted to continue the kerygmatic blessing of Pope Francis: "God cares for you, God loves you all, and evil will not prevail! We are all in God's hands."[183] The themes in his first message included Jesus as light needed by the world, becoming a missionary church through dialogue and openness, fidelity to the Gospel, walking together in synodality, working as a united church for peace and justice, closeness to the suffering, and praying to Mary. Twice he mentioned the need of not having fear, and emphasized God's help to "build bridges" for "all of us to be one people always in peace."[183]

In his first address as pope to the cardinals, Leo declared his "complete commitment" to the ecclesial path traced by the Second Vatican Council. He praised Pope Francis's specification of this path through Evangelii Gaudium, the Joy of the Gospel, and highlighted six "evangelical principles", which he deems as perennial and revelatory of God's mercy: the primacy of Christ in proclamation; the missionary conversion of the entire Christian community; collegiality and synodality; attention to the sensus fidei, the capacity of the whole faithful to sense the faith, especially popular piety; loving care for the least and the rejected; and dialogue with the contemporary world.[184][185]

Leo XIV's episcopal motto is In illo Uno unum ("In the One, we are one").[11] On the official start of his pontificate, during the inaugural Mass, he requested that "our first great desire be for a united Church, a sign of unity and communion, which becomes a leaven for a reconciled world."[186] Noting that there is "too much discord" in the world, he stressed that "the two dimensions of the mission" of the papacy is "love and unity", as its authority is "a question of loving as Jesus did."[187][188]

Discussing the ordination of women in October 2023, Prevost stated that the "very significant and long tradition of the church" makes it impossible to consider women as priests and that "the apostolic tradition is something that has been spelled out very clearly." By contrast, he observed that the possibility of women deacons has been the subject of two Vatican commissions, demonstrating "openness to giving consideration" to that question. He also cautioned that the ordination of women as deacons "doesn't necessarily solve a problem" and could create new issues.[189][190][191] Commenting on Pope Francis's 2023 appointment of three women as members of the Dicastery for Bishops, which he headed, he noted that their perspectives often align with other members but can introduce new valuable viewpoints.[192]

As a cardinal, Prevost was a vocal proponent of synodality, one of Pope Francis's signature initiatives. Prevost suggested that the participation and co-responsibility of all the faithful could address the polarization in the church.[179] In May 2023, Prevost said that episcopal leadership should prioritize faith over administration. The first priority is to "communicate the beauty of the faith, the beauty and joy of knowing Jesus."[178] Also in May 2023, Prevost said he has faith that "the Holy Spirit is [...] pushing us towards a renewal."[178] He stated that all the faithful are "called to the great responsibility of living what I call a new attitude," which is "to listen first of all to the Holy Spirit, to what He is asking of the Church."[178]

### Liturgical and ceremonial practice

[edit]

Pope Leo XIV presiding over his inaugural papal Mass

During his service in Peru, Prevost was described as an "impeccable dresser" when it came to celebrating the Mass, wearing full vestments even when summer temperatures rose above 85 °F (about 29 °C) in Chiclayo.[51][193][83] Prevost described himself as "very obedient" in liturgical matters, and urged that the liturgy be prepared "in the best way possible."[194] In August 2024, speaking to a Chicago-area parish, Prevost stated that "liturgy needs to be beautiful to help us, to strengthen us in our faith."[195] In his first Mass in the Sistine Chapel as pope, he chose to use a papal ferula, or ceremonial staff, made for Benedict XVI and seldom used by Francis.[196][197] The mozzetta worn after his election, and Benedict's ferula signaled to some a "return to normal" in the Holy See following the Francis papacy.[198][199] However, during his Inauguration Mass in St Peter's Square on May 18, 2025, Leo XIV used the ferula of Pope Paul VI which is most commonly associated with Pope John Paul II, and frequently used by Francis.[200][201][202][203] Pope Leo XIV received another pectoral cross upon his election, which he has been wearing instead of the one he wore during the conclave and his first appearance as pope. This one is silver, with relics of St. Leo the Great, St. Augustine, St. Thomas of Villanova, and Blessed Anselmo Polanco Fontecha.[204] He also chose to restore the custom of the pope himself giving archbishops the pallium, which had been altered by Francis in 2015.[205][206]

### Social and political issues

[edit]

Within the context of church politics and theology, Prevost has been seen as a moderate or centrist, neither liberal nor conservative.[207] In April 2025, the Italian newspaper la Repubblica stated that Prevost was seen as a "cosmopolitan and shy figure" who was "appreciated by conservatives and progressives" within the church.[208][k] In line with the church's official positions, Prevost opposes abortion, euthanasia, same-sex marriage and the death penalty.[210] Prevost expressed reservations about "sympathy for beliefs and practices that contradict the gospel" and did not fully endorse or reject Fiducia supplicans, a declaration concerning blessings for people in a same-sex relationship. He stated that national bishops' conferences should "interpret and apply such directives in their local contexts, given cultural differences."[211] Víctor Manuel Fernández, the head of the Vatican doctrine office, told Il Messaggero in July 2025 that he thought the blessing of those in same-sex unions, which had been approved under Pope Francis, would continue under Pope Leo. In May 2025, Cardinal Jean-Claude Hollerich told La Stampa that he believed Leo "might re-interpret" Fiducia Supplicans, but not "abolish" it.[212][213]

In 2012, Prevost criticized popular culture's sympathy for the "homosexual lifestyle" and same-sex families.[130] In April 2016, he opposed the inclusion of "gender ideology" in Peruvian primary school curricula,[214] stating it promotes "genders that don't exist".[130] When asked in 2023 by Catholic News Service whether his views from 2012 had changed, Prevost said that "many things have changed" and emphasized the church should be more open and welcoming though he cautioned that church doctrine has not changed.[215][216] In May 2025, he said that it was up to governments to build peaceful societies "above all by investing in the family, founded upon the stable union between a man and a woman."[217]

During his time in Chiclayo, Prevost remained relatively politically neutral on national issues. However, in the midst of the Peruvian protests in 2023, he stated: "The deaths during the protests cause me great sadness and pain [...] I asked to stay in Peru; I even made that request to the Holy Father. It wasn't the time to leave."[218] He has also expressed support for the plight of Venezuelan refugees in Peru.[219][220] With regards to climate change, Prevost has advocated for stronger church action, stating in a November 2024 seminar that "dominion over nature" should not be "tyrannical".[143]

On geopolitics, Prevost has consistently advocated against armed conflict. He denounced the Russian invasion of Ukraine, describing it as "a true invasion, imperialist in nature, where Russia seeks to conquer territory for reasons of power",[221] and in one of his first major speeches as pope, Leo called for a ceasefire in the Gaza war.[222][223][224] Following the Israeli strikes on Iran in June 2025, he urged Iranian and Israeli authorities to act with "reason".[225] Similarly, Leo issued prayers for those affected by the Gaza Strip famine, clashes in southern Syria, and the 2025 Cambodia–Thailand clashes.[226]

Throughout his time as a bishop and as a cardinal, Prevost continued to vote in both state and federal elections in the United States, being a registered voter in Will County, Illinois. Illinois election law does not require voters to register by political party, thus Prevost has never officially declared any affiliation to a political party.[227] The elections Prevost has voted in include the 2008 Democratic presidential primary, the Democratic primary for the 2010 Illinois gubernatorial election, the 2012 Republican presidential primary, the Republican primary for the 2014 Illinois gubernatorial election, the 2016 Republican presidential primary, and the 2024 United States general election.[228][229][230]

On the social media platform X (formerly Twitter), Prevost's former account retweeted posts critical of US immigration policies under President Donald Trump and Vice President JD Vance.[231] He has also expressed support for COVID-19 vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic and sympathy for George Floyd and protesters.[21] His X account which he used prior to his election as pope has since been deleted and he is currently using the official @Pontifex handle, inherited from Popes Francis and Benedict.[232]

In his Pentecost homily soon after his election as Pope, Leo criticized the "exclusionary mindset" displayed by various nationalist movements. The Holy Spirit "breaks down barriers and tears down the walls of indifference and hatred", he said.[233] To Leo, areas advertized as "security zones" had the effect of "separating us from our neighbors" and spreading "prejudice". He proclaimed that the Church needed to "open the borders between peoples and break down the barriers between class and race."[233] Leo additionally condemned femicide during the homily, calling it both painful and tragic and attributing it to "an unhealthy desire for domination."[234][235]

## Personal life

[edit]

In addition to his native language of English, Leo speaks Spanish, Italian, French, and Portuguese, along with some German. He can also read Latin.[111][236][237] During his time in Peru, Leo learned a little of one of the Quechuan languages.[238][239] He has described himself as "quite the amateur tennis player".[240] He is the first pope who writes his own emails and wears a smartwatch, specifically an Apple Watch.[241] He regularly plays Wordle and Words with Friends with his brothers.[242][243]

Leo is a lifelong fan of the Chicago White Sox of Major League Baseball,[244][245][246] and was in attendance at US Cellular Field (now known as Rate Field) for Game 1 of the 2005 World Series.[247][248][249] His support for Chicago sports also extends to the National Football League's Chicago Bears; United States Vice President JD Vance presented him with a custom Bears jersey following his papal inauguration, which Leo remarked was a "good choice".[250] He has also shown support for Villanova University athletics, especially the Villanova Wildcats men's basketball team.[251]

As a teenager, he enjoyed driving recreationally.[39] Throughout his life, he has frequently preferred driving long distances for journeys where most people would prefer to fly, such as from Philadelphia to Chicago, Brisbane to Sydney, and Chiclayo to Lima.[9] He also repaired cars himself as a bishop in Chiclayo.[252]

For two years before becoming pope, Prevost, aged 68–69, would go two to three times a week to a gym for an hour, with a workout plan designed for men aged 50–55, focusing on posture and cardiovascular health. His personal trainer recalled Prevost's stamina and his being "always positive about everything".[253]

During his time as bishop of Chiclayo, aside from daily Mass celebrated at 8 p.m. to ensure a clear mind, Prevost had periods of prayer at the beginning of the day and before dinner. He prayed lauds in the morning at the Cathedral and the Rosary with his priest colleagues around noon.[83]

## Coat of arms

[edit]

Main article: Coat of arms of Pope Leo XIV

Further information: Papal coats of arms

Coat of arms of Pope Leo XIV  |

Helm
Bishop's mitre
Escutcheon
Per bend sinister azure and argent, in the first, a fleur-de-lis argent, in the second, a heart enflamed pierced by an arrow bendwise sinister, all gules, upon a book proper.[254]
Motto
IN ILLO UNO UNUM (Latin for 'In the One, [we are] one')
Other elements
Keys of Peter behind the shield and papal mantling
Symbolism
Fleur-de-lis : Associated with the Virgin Mary, symbolizing purity and innocence.
Augustinian emblem : Emblem of the Order of Saint Augustine, in reference to Leo XIV being a member of the Augustinian Order. This charge displays a red heart pierced by an arrow and resting on a closed book.

|

## See also

[edit]

* Family of Pope Leo XIV
* Pope Leo XIV bibliography
* Cardinals created by Francis
* List of popes by country

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Latin: Leo PP. XIV; Italian: Papa Leone XIV; Spanish: Papa León XIV; Portuguese: Papa Leão XIV
2. ^ Pronounced /ˈpriːvoʊst/ PREE-vohst.[2] The surname, of Northwest Italian origin, is derived from the Piedmontese or Lombard prevòst, customarily meaning 'parish priest', cognate with the English provost, from the Latin praepositus.[3]
3. ^ While working in Peru and Latin America as bishop (2015–2023), Prevost customarily used the name "Robert Francis Prevost Martínez" in accordance with Hispanic naming customs, as Martínez is his mother's family name.[4][5][6][7]
4. ^ St. Mary's Church in Dolton was closed in 2011.[37]
5. ^ That Ray was allowed to live at the friary was first reported by the Chicago Sun-Times in 2021, based on documents the church made public in 2014.[72]
6. ^ His role in Callao ended upon the installation of a new bishop there on May 26, 2021.
7. ^ This interview was conducted while Prevost was bishop but was published after he was elected pope.[102]
8. ^ Francis appointed him to the Dicastery for Evangelization (Section for First Evangelization and New Particular Churches), Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith, Dicastery for the Eastern Churches, Dicastery for the Clergy, Dicastery for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life, Dicastery for Culture and Education, and Dicastery for Legislative Texts.[11]
9. ^ Prevost's plan to take possession of Albano on May 12 were cancelled when the conclave to elect Francis' successor was scheduled.[116]
10. ^ He is the 265th person to become pope as Pope Benedict IX was elected three times.
11. ^ The positions of cardinals are difficult to pinpoint in political terms and different labels, more specific to the Church's context like sinodali (supporters of synodality), lealisti (loyalists, the supporters of the reigning pope), and tradizionalisti (traditionalists), are applied. Nonetheless, Prevost was generally seen as a "reformer of the Bergoglian area", not far from other more progressive names like Pietro Parolin and Luis Antonio Tagle, and more moderate than others like Robert Walter McElroy and Matteo Maria Zuppi.[209]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Pope Leo XIV's motto and coat of arms". vaticannews.va. May 10, 2025. Archived from the original on May 10, 2025. Retrieved May 12, 2025. "Pope Leo XIV has also chosen a motto that reflects this Augustinian tradition: In Illo uno unum, which means "In the One, we are one". The phrase is taken from Saint Augustine's Exposition on Psalm 127, where he explains that "although we Christians are many, in the one Christ we are one"."
2. ^ Old Video of New Pope Leo XIV- Greeting from Bishop of Chiclayo, Mons. Robert Prevost Martínez (OSA) (Video). Chalice Canada. May 8, 2025. Retrieved May 9, 2025 – via youtube.com.
3. ^ a b Serra, Oscar (May 9, 2025). "Prevost, le origini italiane (come Bergoglio) e quel cognome che rimanda al Nord Ovest" [Prevost, the Italian origins (like Bergoglio) and that surname that recalls the North West]. La Stampa (in Italian). Retrieved May 9, 2025.
4. ^ "BIOGRAFÍA DE MONSEÑOR ROBERT FRANCIS PREVOST MARTÍNEZ, O.S.A." [BIOGRAPHY OF BISHOP ROBERT FRANCIS PREVOST MARTÍNEZ, O.S.A.]. Diocese of Chiclayo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on January 30, 2023. Retrieved June 1, 2025.
5. ^ "¡Hasta pronto Monseñor Robert! - Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo" [See you soon Monsignor Robert! - Saint Toribio de Mogrovejo Catholic University]. Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo (in Spanish). April 4, 2023. Archived from the original on May 13, 2025. Retrieved May 29, 2025. "Este 3 de abril, en el despacho del Obispado, autoridades de la universidad se reunieron para reconocer, agradecer y despedir a Monseñor Robert Francis Prevost Martínez, quien deja hoy la comunidad universitaria USAT para asumir nuevos encargos en el corazón de la Iglesia como Prefecto del Dicasterio para los Obispos del mundo." [On April 3, in the Bishop's office, university authorities gathered to recognize, thank and bid farewell to Monsignor Robert Francis Prevost Martínez, who today leaves the USAT university community to assume new responsibilities in the heart of the Church as Prefect of the Dicastery for the Bishops of the World.]
6. ^ Morillo, Ángel (May 17, 2023). "Monseñor Robert Prevost a la 39.ª Asamblea General del Celam: "Escuchemos al Espíritu"" [Monsignor Robert Prevost to the 39th General Assembly of Celam: "Let us listen to the Spirit".]. ADN Celam (in Spanish). Retrieved May 29, 2025. "Monseñor Robert Francis Prevost Martínez, prefecto del Dicasterio para los Obispos y presidente de la Pontificia Comisión para América Latina (PCAL), ha presidido la eucaristía de este miércoles, 17 de mayo, en el marco de la 39.ª Asamblea General Ordinaria del Consejo Episcopal Latinoamericano y Caribeño (Celam)." [Monsignor Robert Francis Prevost Martínez, Prefect of the Dicastery for Bishops and President of the Pontifical Commission for Latin America (PCAL), presided at the Eucharist on Wednesday, May 17, during the 39th Ordinary General Assembly of the Council of Latin American and Caribbean Bishops (Celam).]
7. ^ "Otorgan títulos de "Doctor Honoris Causa" a tres líderes de la Iglesia Católica" [Three leaders of the Catholic Church receive honorary doctorate degrees]. Andina (in Spanish). Retrieved May 29, 2025. "En ceremonia solemne, la Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo (USAT) invistió con el título de 'Doctor Honoris Causa' a tres líderes de la Iglesia Católica: Cardenal José Tolentino de Mendoça, Cardenal Robert Prevost Martínez y Monseñor Jesús Moliné Labarta." [In a solemn ceremony, the Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo (USAT) conferred the title of 'Doctor Honoris Causa' to three leaders of the Catholic Church: Cardinal José Tolentino de Mendoça, Cardinal Robert Prevost Martínez and Monsignor Jesús Moliné Labarta.]
8. ^ a b Rocca, Francis X. (May 8, 2025). "The Conclave Just Did the Unthinkable". The Atlantic. Retrieved May 30, 2025. "Until today, nearly every Vatican insider agreed on one thing: The United States would never produce a pope, at least not while the country remains a superpower. A citizen of the world's dominant nation could not become the leader of the world's largest religious organization without dramatically upsetting the global balance of geopolitical and cultural power. Or so the thinking went."
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10. ^ a b c d Moral Antón, Alejandro (November 3, 2014). "Robert F. Prevost nombrado Administrador Apostólico en Chiclayo" [Robert F. Prevost appointed Apostolic Administrator in Chiclayo]. augustinians.net (in Spanish). Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved June 1, 2021.
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31. ^ a b Griffin, Jake (May 8, 2025). ""It was a shocking moment": New pope's brother lives in New Lenox". Chicago Daily Herald. Archived from the original on May 9, 2025. Retrieved May 8, 2025. "He said, "What should my name be?" [Louis] recalled. We started rattling off names just to rattle off names. I told him it shouldn't be Leo because it will be "the thirteenth". But he must've done some research to see it's actually "the fourteenth"."
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213. ^ Tulloch, Joseph (July 7, 2025). "Gay blessings 'will remain' under Pope Leo, Vatican doctrine chief says". National Catholic Reporter. The National Catholic Reporter Publishing Company. Retrieved July 20, 2025..
214. ^ Fernandez, Fernando (April 12, 2016). "Chiclayo: Obispo Prévost en contra de ideología de género" [Chiclayo: Bishop Prevost opposes gender ideology] (in Spanish). Diario Correo. Archived from the original on November 30, 2018. Retrieved May 9, 2025.
215. ^ "Pope Leo on inclusion in the church". Catholic News Service. May 9, 2025. Archived from the original on May 9, 2025. Retrieved May 10, 2025 – via YouTube.
216. ^ Barry, Colleen; Crary, David; Zampano, Giada (May 9, 2025). "A 2012 video shows comments from new pope that disappoint LGBTQ activists". Associated Press News. Archived from the original on May 10, 2025. Retrieved May 10, 2025.
217. ^ Winfield, Nicole (May 16, 2025). "Pope Leo XIV says family is "between a man and a woman" and asserts the dignity of the unborn". PBS. Archived from the original on May 16, 2025. Retrieved May 16, 2025.
218. ^ "La vida peruana de León XIV en cinco escenas" [The Peruvian life of Leo XIV in five scenes]. rpp.pe (in Spanish). EFE. May 8, 2025. Retrieved May 9, 2025.
219. ^ McElwee, Joshua (May 8, 2025). "Prevost, first U.S. pope, supported Francis and shunned spotlight". Reuters. Retrieved May 8, 2025.
220. ^ "Robert Prevost, cardenal de EE.UU. con nacionalidad peruana, es el nuevo Papa de la Iglesia católica con el nombre León XIV". BBC Mundo. May 8, 2025. Retrieved May 8, 2025.
221. ^ Pakhnyuk, Lucy (May 10, 2025). "Pope Leo XIV condemns Russia's "imperialist" invasion of Ukraine". The Kyiv Independent. Archived from the original on May 10, 2025. Retrieved May 11, 2025.
222. ^ Winfield, Nicole; Dell'Orto, Giovanna (May 11, 2025). "Pope Leo XIV calls for peace in Ukraine and Gaza in symbolically rich blessing on Mother's Day". Associated Press News. Retrieved May 12, 2025.
223. ^ Sorgi, Gregorio (May 11, 2025). "Pope Leo XIV's first message to world leaders: End all wars". Politico. Archived from the original on May 12, 2025. Retrieved May 12, 2025.
224. ^ Lamche, Anna; Rainsford, Sarah (May 11, 2025). "Pope Leo appeals for no more war in first Sunday address". BBC. Archived from the original on May 12, 2025. Retrieved May 12, 2025.
225. ^ "Pope Leo appeals for 'reason' amid Israel-Iran airstrikes, calls for dialogue". Reuters. June 14, 2025. Retrieved June 14, 2025.
226. ^ "Pope expresses grave concern for starving civilians in Gaza exposed to violence and death". Vatican News. Retrieved July 27, 2025.
227. ^ Abels, Grace; Sherman, Amy (May 9, 2025). "Fact check: Is the new Pope registered to vote as a Republican?". WRAL. Retrieved June 8, 2025.
228. ^ Ott, Haley (May 8, 2025). "Who is the new pope? American Cardinal Robert Prevost becomes Pope Leo XIV". CBS News. Retrieved May 9, 2025.
229. ^ Kaur, Anumita (May 8, 2025). "What we know about Pope Leo XIV's political and social views". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 8, 2025.
230. ^ Navarro, Aaron (May 8, 2025). "Pope Leo XIV voted in 2024 U.S. general election — here's which primaries he's voted in". CBS News. Archived from the original on May 9, 2025. Retrieved May 9, 2025.
231. ^ Ferguson, Malcolm (May 8, 2025). "The New Pope Doesn't Seem to Be a Huge Fan of Trump or JD Vance". The New Republic. Archived from the original on May 8, 2025. Retrieved May 8, 2025.
232. ^ "Leo XIV launches Instagram account, inherits @Pontifex". Aleteia — Catholic Spirituality, Lifestyle, World News, and Culture. Archived from the original on May 15, 2025. Retrieved May 16, 2025.
233. ^ a b "Pope Leo criticises 'exclusionary mindset' of nationalist political movements". The Guardian. Reuters. June 8, 2025. Archived from the original on June 8, 2025. Retrieved June 8, 2025.
234. ^ "Pope Leo condemns 'exclusionary mindset' in Pentecost address". The Korea Herald. June 9, 2025. Archived from the original on June 19, 2025. Retrieved June 19, 2025.
235. ^ Allen, Elise Ann (June 9, 2025). "At one month, Pope Leo XIV employs unique style of continuity, balance". Crux. Archived from the original on June 10, 2025. Retrieved June 19, 2025.
236. ^ "Das Leben von Papst Leo XIV: Er spricht Deutsch, spielt Tennis, genießt Ceviche" [The life of Pope Leo XIV: He speaks German, plays tennis, and enjoys ceviche] (in German). ZDF. May 9, 2025. Archived from the original on May 10, 2025. Retrieved May 10, 2025.
237. ^ "Der neue Papst spricht Deutsch – was über Leo XIV. bekannt ist" [The new pope speaks German – everything that is known about Leo XIV]. Die Welt (in German). May 9, 2025. Archived from the original on May 9, 2025. Retrieved May 10, 2025.
238. ^ Molina, Federico Rivas (May 10, 2025). "Prevost, el Papa "peruano": misionero y político" [Prevost, the "Peruvian" Pope: missionary and politician] (in Spanish). El País. Archived from the original on May 10, 2025. Retrieved May 11, 2025.
239. ^ Talledo, Valeria Mendoza (May 9, 2025). "¿Papa León XIV aprendió quechua en Perú? Cardenal de Estados Unidos revela que Robert Prevost intentó dominar la lengua milenaria" [Did Pope Leo XIV learn Quechua in Peru? A US cardinal reveals that Robert Prevost tried to master the ancient language.]. infobae.com (in Spanish). Archived from the original on May 10, 2025. Retrieved May 11, 2025.
240. ^ Dampf, Andrew (May 11, 2025). "Pope Leo XIV is a tennis player. Tsitsipas would be happy to hit some balls with him". Associated Press. Retrieved May 11, 2025.
241. ^ Lamb, Christopher; Araújo, Madalena (August 3, 2025). "Faith, flags and deep-dish pizza: Pope Leo shows Gen Z appeal as a million young people turn out in Rome". CNN. Retrieved August 4, 2025.
242. ^ Meyer, Holly (May 9, 2025). "Wordle, White Sox and more: Fast facts about Pope Leo XIV". Associated Press News. Retrieved May 11, 2025.
243. ^ Weisholtz, Drew (May 9, 2025). "Pope's brother says they regularly do Wordle and shares more personal details about his life". Today. Archived from the original on May 10, 2025. Retrieved May 11, 2025.
244. ^ "Pope Leo XIV, Chicago native, rocks White Sox hat during Vatican appearance". June 11, 2025.
245. ^ Lutz, BJ (May 8, 2025). "Brother answers burning question: Is Pope Leo XIV a Chicago White Sox or Cubs fan?". WGN-TV. Archived from the original on May 9, 2025. Retrieved May 9, 2025.
246. ^ Washburn, Kaitlin (May 9, 2025). "Chicago high school cheers White Sox fan Pope Leo XIV — "He's one of us"". chicago.suntimes.com. Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on May 10, 2025. Retrieved May 10, 2025.
247. ^ Marzano, Peter (May 9, 2025). "Broadcast of 2005 World Series in Chicago shows Pope Leo XIV in attendance". WMAQ-TV. Archived from the original on May 10, 2025. Retrieved May 10, 2025.
248. ^ Waldstein, David (May 10, 2025). "A Pope Who Ministers to the Suffering? Yup, He's a White Sox Fan". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 10, 2025. Retrieved May 10, 2025. "While living in Rome in 2005, he managed to make it to Game 1 of the World Series in Chicago. He was even spotted in the stands during the national television broadcast."
249. ^ Tenenbaum, Sara; Harrington Web, Adam (May 19, 2025). "White Sox to mark Pope Leo XIV's seat at 2005 World Series game". CBS News. Retrieved May 31, 2025.
250. ^ Finley, Patrick; Esposito, Stefano (May 19, 2025). "'Good choice' — JD Vance brings Pope Leo XIV a Bears jersey". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved May 19, 2025.
251. ^ Cwik, Chris (May 8, 2025). "Inside Pope Leo XIV's surprising sports fandom: What we know about new pope's support of Villanova basketball, Chicago White Sox". sports.yahoo.com. Archived from the original on May 9, 2025. Retrieved May 10, 2025.
252. ^ Winfield, Nicole (June 6, 2025). "Can an American pope apply US-style fundraising and standards to fix troubled Vatican finances?". apnews.com. Retrieved June 12, 2025.
253. ^ "Pope Leo's impressive gym routine revealed by ex-personal trainer". The Independent. May 22, 2025. Retrieved July 3, 2025.
254. ^ Pompili, Antonio (May 14, 2025). "The coat of arms of Pope Leo XIV: Explanation" (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on May 14, 2025. Retrieved May 14, 2025.

## External links

[edit]

Pope Leo XIV at Wikipedia's sister projects

* Media from Commons
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* Data from Wikidata

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Catholic Church titles

Preceded by

Agostino Trapè [it]

|  Prior General of the Order of Saint Augustine
September 14, 2001 – September 4, 2013  | Succeeded by

Alejandro Moral Antón [pt]

Preceded by

Ernst Gutting

| — TITULAR —
Bishop of Sufar
December 12, 2014 – September 26, 2015  | Succeeded by

Robert P. Reed

Preceded by

Jesús Moliné Labarte

|  Bishop of Chiclayo
September 26, 2015 – January 30, 2023  | Succeeded by

Edinson Edgardo Farfán Córdova

Preceded by

Marc Ouellet

|  Prefect of the Dicastery for Bishops
January 30, 2023 – May 8, 2025  | Vacant
President of the Pontifical Commission for Latin America
January 30, 2023 – May 8, 2025
New title |  Cardinal-Deacon of Santa Monica
September 30, 2023 – February 6, 2025
Preceded by

Angelo Sodano

|  Cardinal-Bishop of Albano
February 6 – May 8, 2025  | Succeeded by

Luis Antonio Tagle

Preceded by

Francis

|  Pope
May 8, 2025 – present  | Incumbent

* v
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Pope Leo XIV

Born Robert Francis Prevost, September 14, 1955

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* Ostia
* Velletri–Segni
* Porto–Santa Rufina
* Frascati
* Palestrina
* Albano
* Sabina–Poggio Mirteto

|

Territorial abbeys|

* Monte Cassino
* Subiaco

Suffragan dioceses|

* Gaeta
* Anagni-Alatri
* Civita Castellana
* Civitavecchia-Tarquinia
* Frosinone-Veroli-Ferentino
* Latina-Terracina-Sezze-Priverno
* Rieti
* Sora-Cassino-Aquino-Pontecorvo
* Tivoli
* Viterbo

Properties
including
extra-
territoriality|

| Inside
Rome|

Major basilicas|

* St. Peter's Basilica
* Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
* Santa Maria Maggiore
* Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls

|

* Lateran Palace
* Lateran University
* Scala Sancta
* Sancta Sanctorum
* Adjoining buildings
* Palace of Saint Callixtus
* Gianicolo Hill area
* Pontifical Urban University
* Pontifical North American College
* Bambino Gesù Hospital
* Palazzo della Cancelleria
* Palace of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples
* Palace of the Holy Office
* Palace of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches
* Palazzo Pio
* Palazzo Maffei Marescotti (Palace of the Vicariate}
* Pontifical Roman Minor Seminary
* Collegio Teutonico
* Teutonic Cemetery
* Benedictine monastery
* Pontifical Oratory of San Paolo
* Beda College
* Paul VI Audience Hall
* St. Peter's Square

Non-
extraterritorial|

* Palace of the Holy Apostles
* Palace of San Carlo ai Catinari
* Collegio Bellarmino
* Archaeological Institute
* Pontifical Oriental Institute
* Pontifical Lombard Seminary
* Russian College
* Two Palaces of Sant'Apollinare
* House of Retreat for the Clergy of Saints John and Paul
* Nympheum of Nero

|

Outside
Rome|

* Palace of Castel Gandolfo
* Papal farm
* Gardens of the Villa Cybo
* Villa Barberini
* Adjacent gardens
* Pontifical College Josephinum
* Summer estate of Pontificio Collegio Urbano de Propaganda Fide
* Vatican Radio antennae area of Santa Maria di Galeria

| Non-
extraterritorial|

* Basilica della Santa Casa
* Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi
* Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua

|

See also|

* Acta Apostolicae Sedis
* Awards
* Papal household
* Peter's Pence
* Roman Rota
* Apostolic Penitentiary
* Apostolic Signatura
* Swiss Guard
* Vatican.va

* Vatican City portal
* Catholic Church portal

* v
* t
* e

Latin Church

Patriarchates
(by order of precedence)|

| Current|

* Rome ('Patriarch of the West'): Pope Leo XIV (with cathedra in Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran)

* Jerusalem: Pierbattista Pizzaballa
* East Indies: Filipe Neri Ferrão
* Lisbon: Rui Valério
* Venice: Francesco Moraglia

|

Defunct|

* Carthage (?−1964)
* Alexandria (1276–1964)
* Antioch (1098–1964)
* Constantinople (1204–1964)
* West Indies (1524–1963)
* Aquileia (560–1751)
* Ethiopia (1555–1663)
* Grado (560–1451)

History|

* Apostolic succession
* History of the papacy
* Papal primacy
* Historical development
* First Martyrs
* Great Church
* Early African church
* Vulgate
* East–West Schism
* Scholasticism
* Crusades
* Western Schism
* Age of Discovery
* Humanism
* Protestant Reformation
* Council of Trent
* Counter-Reformation
* Vatican I
* Vatican II
* 1983 Code of Canon Law

| Apostolic sees|

* Rome
* Peter
* Paul
* Syracuse
* Peter
* Malta
* Paul
* Milan
* Barnabas
* Santiago de Compostela
* James

|

Church Fathers|

* Tertullian
* Cyprian
* Hilary of Poitiers*
* Ambrose*
* Pope Damasus I
* Jerome*
* Augustine of Hippo*
* Pope Gregory I*
* Isidore of Seville*

Language|

* Ecclesiastical Latin
* Liturgical use of Latin

Liturgical rites
Liturgical days|

| Current|

* Ambrosian Rite
* Rite of Braga
* Mozarabic Rite
* Rite of Lyon
* Roman Rite
* Mass of Paul VI (Ordinary form)
* Tridentine Mass
* Extraordinary form
* Anglican Use
* Zaire Use

| Orders|

* Benedictine Rite
* Carmelite Rite
* Carthusian Rite
* Cistercian Rite
* Dominican Rite
* Norbertine Rite

|

Defunct|

* African Rite
* Aquileian Rite
* British
* Celtic Rite
* Durham Rite
* Hereford Use
* Sarum Use
* York Use
* Gallican Rite
* Missa Nautica
* Missa sicca
* Missa Venatoria
* Pre-Tridentine Mass

See also|

* Latin cross
* Latin Church in the Middle East
* Latins
* Turkey
* Titular sees
* Eastern Catholic Churches
* Conference of the Latin Bishops of the Arab Regions
* Western Rite Orthodoxy

* * also Doctors of the Church
* Category

* v
* t
* e

History of the Catholic Church

General|

* History of the Catholic Church
* By country or region
* Ecclesiastical history
* Timeline
* Papacy
* Papal primacy
* Catholic ecumenical councils
* First seven
* Catholic Bible
* Biblical canon
* Vulgate
* Crusading movement
* History of the Roman Curia
* Religious institutes
* Christian monasticism
* Catholic culture
* Art
* Role in civilization
* Vatican City
* Papal States
* Latin Church
* Eastern Catholic Churches

Early Church
(30–325/476)|

| Origins and
Apostolic Age (30–100)|

* Jesus
* Ministry
* Crucifixion
* Resurrection
* Great Commission
* Holy Spirit
* Mary
* John the Baptist
* Apostles in the New Testament
* Commissioning
* Peter
* John
* Paul
* Stephen
* Council of Jerusalem
* Split with Judaism
* New Testament
* Background
* Gospels
* Acts
* Pauline epistles
* General epistles
* Revelation

|

Ante-Nicene period (100–325)|

* Persecution
* Church Fathers
* Apostolic Fathers
* Pope Clement I
* Polycarp
* Ignatius
* Irenaeus
* Justin Martyr
* Canon
* Tertullian
* Origen

Late antiquity
(313–476)|

| Great Church
(180–451)
Roman
state church
(380–451)|

* Constantine the Great
* Christianity
* Arian controversy
* Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
* Old St. Peter's Basilica
* First Council of Nicaea
* Pope Sylvester I
* First Council of Constantinople
* Biblical canon
* Jerome
* Vulgate
* Council of Ephesus
* Council of Chalcedon

|

Early Middle Ages|

* Benedict of Nursia
* Monasticism
* Second Council of Constantinople
* Pope Gregory I
* Gregorian chant
* Third Council of Constantinople
* Saint Boniface
* Byzantine Iconoclasm
* Second Council of Nicaea
* Charlemagne
* Pope Leo III
* Fourth Council of Constantinople
* East–West Schism

High Middle Ages|

* Pope Urban II
* Investiture Controversy
* Clash against the empire
* Crusades
* Universities
* Scholasticism
* First Council of the Lateran
* Second Council of the Lateran
* Third Council of the Lateran
* Pope Innocent III
* Latin Empire
* Francis of Assisi
* Fourth Council of the Lateran
* Inquisition
* First Council of Lyon
* Second Council of Lyon
* Bernard of Clairvaux

Late Middle Ages|

* Thomas Aquinas
* Pope Boniface VIII
* Western Schism
* Avignon Papacy
* Pope Clement V
* Council of Vienne
* Knights Templar
* Catherine of Siena
* Pope Alexander VI
* Age of Discovery

Protestant Reformation
Counter-Reformation

* Protestant Reformation
* Catholic Counter-Reformation
* Exsurge Domine
* Dissolution of the monasteries
* Council of Trent
* Thomas More
* Pope Leo X
* Society of Jesus
* Ignatius of Loyola
* Francis Xavier
* Pope Pius V
* Tridentine Mass
* Teresa of Ávila
* John of the Cross
* Peter Canisius
* Philip Neri
* Robert Bellarmine
* European wars of religion
* Thirty Years' War

Baroque period to the
French Revolution

* Pope Innocent XI
* Pope Benedict XIV
* Suppression of the Society of Jesus
* Age of Enlightenment
* Anti-clericalism
* Pope Pius VI
* Shimabara Rebellion
* Edict of Nantes
* Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution

19th century|

* Pope Pius VII
* Pope Pius IX
* United States
* Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary
* Our Lady of La Salette
* Our Lady of Lourdes
* First Vatican Council
* Papal infallibility
* Pope Leo XIII
* Mary of the Divine Heart
* Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart
* Rerum novarum

20th century|

* Pope Pius X
* Our Lady of Fátima
* Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII
* Pope Pius XII
* Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
* Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary
* Lateran Treaty
* Nazi Germany
* Mit brennender Sorge
* Pope John XXIII
* Pacem in terris
* Second Vatican Council
* Ecumenism
* Judaism
* Pope Paul VI (coronation)
* Pope John Paul I
* Mother Teresa
* USSR
* Pope John Paul II
* HIV/AIDS
* World Youth Day
* 1995

21st century|

* Sexual abuse scandal
* Islam
* World Youth Day
* 2000
* 2002
* 2005
* 2008
* 2011
* 2013
* 2016
* 2019
* 2023
* Pope Benedict XVI
* Pope Francis
* Laudato si'
* Patriarch Kirill
* COVID-19 pandemic
* Pope Leo XIV

* Vatican City portal
* Catholicism portal

* v
* t
* e

Catholic Church

* Index
* Outline
* Glossary
* Lists of Catholics

History
Timeline
Ecclesiastical
Legal|

| Early Church|

* Jesus Christ
* Ministry
* Crucifixion
* Resurrection
* Great Commission
* Apostles
* Succession
* Petrine primacy
* Church Fathers
* Apostolic Fathers
* History of the papacy
* Primacy

|

Great Church|

* Ante-Nicene period
* Constantine
* First seven ecumenical councils
* Nicaea I
* Chalcedon
* Late antiquity
* Biblical canon
* Monasticism

Middle Ages|

* Islamic conquests
* Pope Gregory I
* Papal States
* Schism (1054)
* Investiture Controversy
* Crusades
* Schism (1378)
* Inquisition
* Universities
* Scholasticism
* Age of Discovery

Modern era|

* Protestantism
* Protestant Reformation
* Catholic Reformation
* Trent
* Thirty Years' War
* Enlightenment
* French Revolution
* Nazism
* Vatican II
* Communism
* Sexual abuse scandal
* Islam
* COVID-19 pandemic

Theology
Bible
Tradition
Catechism|

| General|

* God
* Trinity
* Kingdom
* Body
* Divine grace
* Dogma
* Nicene Creed
* Original sin
* Saints
* Salvation
* Sermon on the Mount
* Ten Commandments
* Vulgate
* Official Bible
* Sixtine Vulgate
* Sixto-Clementine Vulgate
* Nova Vulgata
* Worship

|

Ecclesiology|

* Communitas perfecta
* Councils
* Ecumenism
* Four marks
* One true church
* Catholic
* Infallibility
* Mystici Corporis Christi
* People of God
* Three states
* Subsistit in
* In canon law

Sacraments|

* Baptism
* Confirmation
* Eucharist
* Penance
* Anointing of the Sick
* Last rites
* Holy orders
* Matrimony

Mariology|

* Assumption
* History
* Immaculate Conception
* Mariology of the popes
* Mariology of the saints
* Mother of God
* Perpetual virginity
* Veneration
* See also:
* Josephology

Philosophy|

* Natural law
* Moral theology
* Personalism
* Social teaching
* Philosophers
* Philosophy of canon law
* See also:
* Science
* Evolution
* Separation of church and state
* Relations
* Politics

Saints|

* Holy Family
* Mary
* Joseph
* Patriarchs
* Prophets
* Archangels
* Martyrs
* Doctors of the Church
* Evangelists
* Confessors
* Disciples
* Virgins

Organisation
Hierarchy
Canon law
Laity
Precedence
By country|

| Holy See
(List of popes)|

* Pope Leo XIV
* Ecumenical councils
* College of Cardinals
* List
* Advisers
* Roman Curia
* Dicasteries
* Synod of Bishops
* Properties

|

Vatican City|

* Index
* Outline
* Apostolic Palace
* Lateran Treaty
* Roman Rota
* St. Peter's Basilica
* Swiss Guard
* Vatican Museums

Polity (Holy orders)|

* Diocese
* Episcopal conference
* Eparchy
* Bishop
* Patriarch
* Major
* Primate
* Metropolitan
* Archbishop
* Diocesan
* Coadjutor
* Auxiliary
* Titular
* Emeritus
* Parish
* Priest
* Deacon

Consecrated life|

* Religious:
* Superior
* Abbot, Abbess
* General
* Provincial
* Prior, Prioress
* Grand master
* Brother
* Friar
* Monk
* Sister
* Nun
* Hermit
* Novice
* Master
* Oblate
* Postulant

Particular churches
sui iuris|

* Latin Church
* Eastern Catholic Churches
* Albanian
* Armenian
* Belarusian
* Bulgarian
* Chaldean
* Coptic
* Croatian and Serbian
* Eritrean
* Ethiopian
* Georgian
* Greek
* Hungarian
* Italo-Albanian
* Macedonian
* Maronite
* Melkite
* Romanian
* Russian
* Ruthenian
* Slovak
* Syriac
* Syro-Malabar
* Syro-Malankara
* Ukrainian

Catholic liturgy|

* Eastern Catholic liturgy
* Alexandrian
* Antiochian
* Armenian
* Byzantine
* East Syriac
* West Syriac
* Malankara
* Latin
* Ambrosian
* Braga
* Mozarabic
* Roman
* Paul VI
* Tridentine
* Anglican
* Zaire

Culture|

* Art
* Marian
* Artists
* Writers
* Church buildings
* Altarpieces
* Folk
* Library
* Museums
* Music
* Distinctions
* Role in civilisation
* See also:
* Criticism of the Catholic Church
* Anti-Catholicism

Media|

* Holy See Press Office
* Vatican Media
* Vatican News
* Vatican Television Center
* Vatican Radio
* Vatican Press [it]
* L'Osservatore Romano
* Acta Apostolicae Sedis
* Annuario Pontificio

Religious orders,
institutes, societies|

* Assumptionists
* Annonciades
* Augustinians
* Basilians
* Benedictines
* Bethlehemites
* Blue nuns
* Camaldoleses
* Camillians
* Carmelites
* Carthusians
* Cistercians
* Clarisses
* Conceptionists
* Crosiers
* Dominicans
* Franciscans
* Good Shepherd Sisters
* Hieronymites
* Jesuits
* Legionaries
* Mercedarians
* Minims
* Olivetans
* Oratorians
* Piarists
* Premonstratensians
* Redemptoristines
* Servites
* Theatines
* Trappists
* Trinitarians
* Visitandines

Associations
of the faithful|

* Confraternities
* Lay
* Marian
* Youth
* Workers
* Third orders
* Saint Dominic
* Lay Carmelites
* Discalced
* Saint Francis
* Secular
* Military orders
* Fimcap
* Catholic Action
* Charismatic Renewal
* Communion and Liberation
* Sant'Egidio
* Focolare
* International Alliance of Catholic Knights
* Scouting
* Legion of Mary
* Neocatechumenal Way
* Opus Dei
* Schoenstatt

Charities|

* Aid to the Church in Need
* Caritas
* Catholic Charities USA
* Home Missions
* Relief Services
* CIDSE
* Pax Christi
* Society of Saint Vincent de Paul

* See also:
* Health care
* Schools
* Universities

* Catholic Church portal
* Category

* v
* t
* e

World Youth Day events

Pope John Paul II|

* Youth Jubilee 1984
* Rome 1985
* Buenos Aires 1987
* Santiago de Compostela 1989
* Częstochowa 1991
* Denver 1993
* Manila 1995
* Paris 1997
* Rome 2000
* Toronto 2002

Pope Benedict XVI|

* Cologne 2005
* Sydney 2008
* Madrid 2011

Pope Francis|

* Rio de Janeiro 2013
* Kraków 2016
* Panama 2019
* Lisbon 2023

Pope Leo XIV|

Seoul 2027

* Catholic youth work
* Category:World Youth Day
* Catholic Church portal

* v
* t
* e

Current monarchs of sovereign states

Africa|

* Eswatini: Mswati III
* Lesotho: Letsie III
* Morocco: Mohammed VI

Asia|

* Bahrain: Hamad
* Bhutan: Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck
* Brunei: Hassanal Bolkiah
* Cambodia: Norodom Sihamoni
* Japan: Naruhito
* Jordan: Abdullah II
* Kuwait: Mishal
* Malaysia: Ibrahim Iskandar
* Oman: Haitham
* Qatar: Tamim
* Saudi Arabia: Salman
* Thailand: Vajiralongkorn
* United Arab Emirates: Mohamed

Europe|

* Andorra: Josep-Lluís Serrano Pentinat and Emmanuel Macron
* Belgium: Philippe
* Denmark: Frederik X
* Liechtenstein: Hans-Adam II
* Luxembourg: Henri
* Monaco: Albert II
* Netherlands: Willem-Alexander
* Norway: Harald V
* Spain: Felipe VI
* Sweden: Carl XVI Gustaf
* United Kingdom: Charles III
* Vatican City: Leo XIV

Americas|

* Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Belize, Canada, Grenada, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Charles III

Oceania|

* Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Tuvalu: Charles III
* Tonga: Tupou VI

* See also: Current heirs of sovereign monarchies

Portals:

* Catholic Church
* Christianity
* United States
* Peru
* Vatican City
* Biography

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF
* WorldCat

National|

* Germany
* United States
* Italy
* Netherlands
* Poland
* Vatican

Artists|

* MusicBrainz

Other|

* IdRef

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