Pope Mega Group

Geologic unit found in the Illinois Basin, U.S.

Pope Mega Group

Stratigraphic range: Carboniferous
Type| Geological group
Sub-units|

* Grove Church Shale
* Kincaid
* Goreville Limestone
* Cave Hill Shale
* Negli Creek Limestone
* Degonia Sandstone
* Clore Limestone
* Ford Station Limestone
* Tygett Sandstone
* Cora Limestone
* Palestine Sandstone
* Menard Limestone
* Allard Limestone
* Scottsburg Limestone
* Walche Limestone
* Waltersburg Formation
* Vienna Limestone
* Tar Springs Sandstone
* Glen Dean Formation
* Hardinsburg Formation
* Haney Formation
* Fraileys Formation
* Big Clifty Member
* Beech Creek Formation
* Cypress Formation
* Ridenhower Formation
* Reelsville Member
* Sample Member
* Beaver Bend Member
* Bethel Formation
* Downeys Bluff Formation
* Yankeetown Formation
* Renault Formation
* Shellersville Member
* Levias Member
* Aux Vases Formation

Overlies| Mammoth Cave Group
Lithology
Primary| Sandstone, Limestone, Shale
Location
Region| Illinois Basin
Country| United States of America

The Pope Mega Group is a geologic unit found in the Illinois Basin of southern Illinois, southwestern Indiana, and western Kentucky.[1][2] In Indiana and Kentucky its equitant is the Buffalo Wallow Group. This unit grades from sandstones at its base into mix of limestones and sandstone and then a shale at its top.[3] In Southern Illinois oil wells are drilled into the Tar Springs formation.[4]

## Stratigraphy

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### Kinkaid Formation

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Also known at the Kinkaid Limestone, this unit is made up of several smaller members. This unit ranges from 0' - 230 ' thick. The Grove Church Shale is at the top, followed by Members, Goreville Limestone, Cave Hill Shale, and Negli Creek Limestone.

### Tobinsport Formation

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A formation in Illinois containing 4 members that are linked to other formations in the Upper Pope Group. The Negli Creek Limestone of the Kinkaid formation to the west. Mt. Pleasant Sandstone, Bristow Sandstone, and Siberia Limestone. The Siberia is a thin tongue of the Menard formation.[5]

### Degonia Formation

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This sandstone unit is 0-150' thick.

### Clore Formation

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This unit is 0-150’ thick. Its units include the Ford Station Limestone, Tygett Sandstone and Cora Limestone Members.

### Palestine Formation

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This sandstone unit is 0-120' thick.

### Menard Formation

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The Menard Limestone is a geologic formation in the Illinois Basin of southern Illinois, southwestern Indiana, and western Kentucky.

The type section of both the Walche Limestone Member and the Scottsburg Limestone Member are exposures in Walche's Cut, a railway cutting on the Illinois Central Railroad.[6][7][8]

### Waltersburg Formation

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This formation is 0-100’ thick.

### Vienna Formation

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This limestone unit is 0-60' thick

### Tar Springs Formation

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This sandstone unit is 0-150' thick. The Tar Springs consists of interbedded sandstone and shale, creating closed reservoirs within the sand. For this reason it is the largest oil producing formation in Illinois. Estimated to have accounted for more than 60% of the oil production in the state.

### Glen Dean Formation

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The Glen Dean Formation is a geologic formation in Illinois, Indiana and Kentucky. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

### Hardinsburg Formation

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The Hardinsburg Formation is a geologic formation in Illinois, Indiana and Kentucky. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

### Haney Formation

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The Haney Formation is a geologic formation in Illinois, Indiana and Kentucky. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

### Fraileys Formation

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The Fraileys Formation or Fraileys Shale is a geologic formation in Illinois. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

### Beech Creek Formation

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The Beech Creek Formation is a geologic formation in Illinois, Indiana and Kentucky. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

### Cypress Formation

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The Cypress Formation is a geologic formation in Illinois, Indiana and Kentucky. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

### Ridenhower Formation

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The Ridenhower Formation is a geologic formation in Illinois. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period. It includes the Reelsville Member, Sample Member and Beaver Bend Member.

### Bethel Formation

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The Bethel Formation is a geologic formation in Illinois, Indiana and Kentucky. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

## Energy Production

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This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (December 2023)

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## References

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1. ^ Stamm, N. 2020b, Geologic Unit: Menard, National Geologic Map Database, Geolex, United States Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
2. ^ Willman, H.B., Atherton, Elwood, Buschbach, T.C., Collinson, Charles, Frye, J.C., Hopkins, M.E., Lineback, J.A., and Simon, J.A., 1975, Handbook of Illinois stratigraphy: Illinois Geological Survey Bulletin, no. 95, 261 p.
3. ^ Kolata, D.R. 2005, Bedrock Geology of Illinois: Champaign, Ill. U.S. Geological Survey (Report). Retrieved 16 December 2023.
4. ^ Askari, Zohreh; Lasemi, Yaghoob (16 December 2022). "Geological characterization and ROZ potential of the Tar Springs Sandstone". U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information.
5. ^ Gray, Henry H. (1978). Buffalo Wallow Group Upper Chesterian (Mississippian) of Southern Indiana (Report). Indiana Geological & Water Survey.
6. ^ "Walche Limestone Member". igws.indiana.edu.
7. ^ Swann, David Henry (November 17, 1963). "Classification of Genevievian and Chesterian (late Mississippian) rocks of Illinois". Report of Investigations No. 216 – via www.ideals.illinois.edu.
8. ^ Droste, J. B., and Keller, S. J., 1995, Subsurface stratigraphy and distribution of oil fields of the Buffalo Wallow Group (Mississippian) in Indiana: Indiana Geological Survey Bulletin 63, 24 p.

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* e

Chronostratigraphy of Illinois

Ph|

| Cz|

| Q|

| Holocene|

* Glacial alluvium, drift, and loess

|

Pleistocene|

Embayment Megagroup

* Mounds Gravel
* Grover Gravel

| Pliocene|

Embayment Megagroup

* Mounds Gravel
* Grover Gravel

|

Pe|

| Eocene|

Embayment Megagroup

* Wilcox Formation
* Claiborne Formation

|

Paleocene|

Embayment Megagroup

* Porters Creek Formation
* Clayton Formation

Mz|

| K|

| Upper|

| Maastrichtian|

Embayment Megagroup

* Owl Creek Formation
* McNairy Formation
* Baylis Formation

|

Campanian|

Embayment Megagroup

* Post Creek Formation
* Baylis Formation

Pz|

| C|

| ⁋|

| Kasimovian|

McLeansboro Group

* Bond Formation
* Mattoon Formation
* Patoka Formation
* Shelburn Formation

|

Moscovian|

* Carbondale Group

Bashkirian|

Raccoon Creek Group

* Brazil Formation
* Caseyville Formation
* Mansfield Formation
* Tradewater Formation
* Staunton Formation

| Serpukhovian|

Pope Mega Group

*     Grove Church
Kinkaid Limestone
Dagonia Sandstone
Clore Formation
Palestine Sandstone
Menard Limestone
Waltersburg Formation
Vianna Formation
Tar Springs Sandstone

|

Viséan|

Pope Mega Group

*     Glen Dean Limestone
Hardinsburg Sandstone
Haney Limestone
Fraileys Formation
Beech Creek Limestone
Cypress Sandstone
Ridenhower Formation
Bethel Sandstone
Downeys Bluff Limestone
Yankeetown Limestone
Renault Limestone
Aux Vases Sandstone
Ste. Genevieve Limestone

* Golconda Formation
* Paint Creek Formation
* Paoli Formation

Tournaisian|

* Borden Siltstone
* Chouteau Limestone
* Fern Glen Formation
* Meppen Limestone
* New Albany Formation
* Springville Shale

* Borden Siltstone
* Burlington Limestone
* Fort Payne Formation
* Keokuk Limestone
* Salem Limestone
* St. Louis Limestone
* Ullin Limestone
* Warsaw Formation

| Upper|

| Famennian|

* New Albany Shale

|

Frasnian|

* New Albany Shale

Middle|

| Givetian|

* Cedar Valley Limestone
* St. Laurent Formation

|

Eifelian|

* Grand Tower Limestone
* Wapsinicon Limestone
* Detroit River Formation

Muscatatuck Group

*     North Vernon Limestone
Jeffersonville Limestone

Lower|

| Emsian|

New Harmony Group

*     Clear Creek Chert
Clear Creek Formation

|

Pragian|

New Harmony Group

*     Backbone Limestone

Hunton Megagroup

*     Backbone Limestone
Grassy Knob Chert
Bailey Limestone

| Ludlow|

| Ludfordian|

Hunton Megagroup

* Moccasin Springs Formation
* Racine Dolomite

|

Gorstian|

Hunton Megagroup

* Moccasin Springs Formation
* Racine Dolomite

Wenlock|

| Homerian|

* Sugar Run Dolomite

|

Sheinwoodian|

Hunton Megagroup

* Joliet Dolomite
* St. Clair Limestone

* Marcus Dolomite

Llandovery|

| Telychian|

Hunton Megagroup

* Sexton Creek Limestone

* Marcus Dolomite

|

Aeronian|

Hunton Megagroup

* Sexton Creek Limestone

Rhuddanian|

* Bowling Green Dolomite
* Brainard Shale
* Fort Atkinson Limestone
* Neda Formation

* Blanding Dolomite

Hunton Megagroup

* Kankakee Dolomite

* Mosalem Formation
* Sweeney Dolomite
* Tete des Morts Dolomite

| Upper|

| Hirnantian|

* Leemon Formation

|

Sandbian|

* St. Peter Sandstone

* Cape Limestone
* Decorah Formation
* Dubuque Formation
* Dunleith Formation
* Glenwood Formation
* Grand Detour Formation
* Joachim Dolomite
* Kimmswick Limestone
* Maquoketa Formation
* Mifflin Formation
* Nachusa Formation
* Quimbys Mill Formation
* Scales Shale
* Wise Lake Formation

Middle|

| Darriwilian|

* Dutchtown Limestone
* St. Peter Sandstone

|

* Everton Formation
* Pecatonica Formation
* Plattin Limestone

Lower|

| Tremadocian|

* New Richmond Sandstone
* Oneota Dolomite
* Shakopee Dolomite

|

* Bonneterre Formation

Munising Group

* Davis Formation
* Franconia Formation
* Ironton Sandstone
* Galesville Sandstone
* Eau Claire Formation

* Potosi Dolomite
* Derby-Doerun Formation
* Eminence Dolomite
* Jordan Sandstone
* Mt. Simon Sandstone

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Chronostratigraphy of Indiana

Ph|

| Pz|

| C|

| ⁋|

| Kasimovian|

McLeansboro Group
Bond Formation, Mattoon Formation, Patoka Formation

|

Moscovian|

McLeansboro Group
Shelburn Formation

Carbondale Group
Dugger Formation, Petersburg Formation, Linton Formation
Raccoon Creek Group
Staunton Formation

Bashkirian|

Raccoon Creek Group
Brazil Formation, Mansfield Formation

| Tournaisian|

* New Albany Shale

|

* Beaver Bend Limestone
* Beech Creek Limestone
* Bethel Formation
* Big Clifty Formation
* Branchville Formation
* Clore Formation
* Coldwater Shale
* Cypress Formation
* Degonia Formation
* Edwardsville Formation
* Elwren Formation
* Glen Dean Limestone
* Grove Church Shale
* Haney Limestone
* Hardinsburg Formation
* Harrodsburg Limestone
* Kinkaid Limestone
* Menard Limestone
* Muldraugh Formation
* New Providence Shale
* Palestine Formation
* Paoli Formation
* Ramp Creek Formation
* Reelsville Limestone
* Rockford Limestone
* Salem Limestone
* Sample Formation
* Spickert Knob Formation
* St. Louis Limestone
* St. Genevieve Limestone
* Sunbury Formation
* Tar Springs Formation
* Tobinsport Formation
* Vienna Limestone
* Waltersburg Formation

| Upper|

| Famennian|

* New Albany Shale

|

* Antrim Shale
* Backbone Limestone
* Clear Creek Chert
* Detroit River Formation
* Ellsworth Shale
* Grassy Knob Chert
* Jeffersonville Limestone
* North Vernon Limestone
* Traverse Formation

* Bailey Limestone
* Brassfield Limestone
* Cataract Formation
* Louisville Limestone
* Moccasin Springs Formation
* Pleasant Mills Formation
* Salamonie Dolomite
* Sexton Creek Limestone
* St. Clair Limestone
* Wabash Formation
* Waldron Shale

* Brainard Shale
* Dillsboro Formation
* Dutchtown Formation
* Everton Dolomite
* Fort Atkinson Limestone
* Joachim Formation
* Kope Formation
* Lexington Limestone
* Oneota Dolomite
* Pecatonica Formation
* Plattin Formation
* Scales Shale
* Shakopee Dolomite
* St. Peter Sandstone
* Trenton Limestone
* Whitewater Formation

* Davis Formation
* Eau Claire Formation
* Franconia Formation
* Galesville Sandstone
* Ironton Sandstone
* Mt. Simon Sandstone
* Potosi Dolomite

pЄ|

* Middle Run Formation

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* e

Chronostratigraphy of Kentucky

Ph|

| Pz|

| C|

| M|

| Viséan|

* Paoli Formation

|

| Upper|

* New Albany Shale
* Ohio Shale
* Chattanooga Shale

|

Middle|

* Sellersburg Limestone
* Jeffersonville Limestone
* Boyle Formation

Lower|

* Clear Creek Formation
* Back Bone Formation
* Grassy Knob Formation
* Flat Gap Formation
* Onondaga Limestone
* Oriskany Formation
* Helderburg Group

| Ludlow|

| Ludfordian|

* Louisville Limestone

|

Gorstian|

* Louisville Limestone

Wenlock|

| Homerian|

* Laurel Formation
* Louisville Limestone
* Waldron Shale

|

Sheinwoodian|

* Bisher Formation
* Laurel Formation
* Osgood Formation

Llandovery|

| Telychian|

* Alger Shale
* Brassfield Formation
* Crab Orchard Formation
* Drowning Creek Formation
* Noland Formation
* Osgood Formation

|

Aeronian|

* Brassfield Formation
* Crab Orchard Formation
* Drowning Creek Formation
* Noland Formation

Rhuddanian|

* Brassfield Formation
* Drowning Creek Formation

| Upper|

| Katian|

* Kope Formation
* Lexington Limestone

|

Sandbian|

* Lexington Limestone
* Tyrone Formation

* Maquoketa Shale

Middle|

| Darriwilian|

* St. Peter Sandstone
* Wells Creek Formation

|

Lower|

| Tremadocian|

* Gunter Sandstone

|

| Furongian|

| Paibian|

* Eau Claire Formation
* Mt. Simon Sandstone

|

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Carboniferous Period

| Mississippian| Pennsylvanian

|

* Tournaisian
* Visean
* Serpukhovian

* Bashkirian
* Moscovian
* Kasimovian
* Gzhelian

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