Potassium channel opener

Type of drug

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A potassium channel opener is a type of drug which facilitates ion transmission through potassium channels.

## Examples

[edit]

Some examples include:

* Diazoxide[1] vasodilator used for hypertension, smooth muscle relaxing activity
* Minoxidil[2] vasodilator used for hypertension, also used to treat hair loss
* Nicorandil[3] vasodilator used to treat angina
* Pinacidil[4]
* Retigabine,[5][6] an anticonvulsant
* Flupirtine, analgesic with muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant properties

Class | Subclasses  | Activators

|
|

Calcium-activated

6T & 1P

* BK channel
* SK channel
* IK channel

| [citation needed]

* 1-EBIO
* NS309
* CyPPA
* BKCa-specific:
* Flufenamic acid
* Meclofenamic acid
* Niflumic acid
* Nimesulide
* Rottlerin (mallotoxin)
* Tolfenamic acid

Inwardly rectifying

2T & 1P

* ROMK (Kir1.1)

| [citation needed]

* none

* GPCR regulated (Kir3.x)

| [citation needed]

* GPCR agonists[example needed]
* ML-297 (VU0456810)

* ATP-sensitive (Kir6.x)

| [citation needed]

* Aprikalim
* Bimakalim
* Cromakalim
* Diazoxide
* Emakalim
* Levcromakalim
* Mazokalim
* Minoxidil
* Naminidil
* Nicorandil
* Pinacidil
* Rilmakalim
* Sarakalim

Tandem pore domain

4T & 2P

* TWIK (TWIK-1, TWIK-2, KCNK7)[7][8]
* TREK (TREK-1, TREK-2, TRAAK[9])[7][8]
* TASK (TASK-1, TASK-3, TASK-5)[7][8]
* TALK (TASK-2,[10] TALK-1, TALK-2)[7][8]
* THIK (THIK-1, THIK-2)[7][8]
* TRESK[7][8][11][12]

| [citation needed]

* halothane[13][14][15]
* Riluzole
* Arachidonic acid[9]

Voltage-gated

6T & 1P

* hERG (Kv11.1)
* KvLQT1 (Kv7.1)

* KCNQ (Kv7)-specific:
* Flupirtine
* Retigabine (Kv7)[16]
* XEN1101[17]

## See also

[edit]

* Potassium channel blocker

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Mizutani S, Prasad SM, Sellitto AD, Schuessler RB, Damiano RJ, Lawton JS (August 2005). "Myocyte volume and function in response to osmotic stress: observations in the presence of an adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel opener". Circulation. 112 (9 Suppl): I219–23. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.523746. PMID 16159820.
2. ^ Wang T (February 2003). "The effects of the potassium channel opener minoxidil on renal electrolytes transport in the loop of henle". J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 304 (2): 833–40\. doi:10.1124/jpet.102.043380. PMID 12538840. S2CID 6948410.833-40&rft.date=2003-02&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:6948410#id-name=S2CID&rft_id=info:pmid/12538840&rft_id=info:doi/10.1124/jpet.102.043380&rft.au=Wang+T&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Potassium+channel+opener" class="Z3988">
3. ^ Sudo H, Yogo K, Ishizuka N, Otsuka H, Horie S, Saito K (November 2008). "Nicorandil, a potassium channel opener and nitric oxide donor, improves the frequent urination without changing the blood pressure in rats with partial bladder outlet obstruction". Biol. Pharm. Bull. 31 (11): 2079–82\. doi:10.1248/bpb.31.2079. PMID 18981577.2079-82&rft.date=2008-11&rft_id=info:doi/10.1248/bpb.31.2079&rft_id=info:pmid/18981577&rft.aulast=Sudo&rft.aufirst=H&rft.au=Yogo,+K&rft.au=Ishizuka,+N&rft.au=Otsuka,+H&rft.au=Horie,+S&rft.au=Saito,+K&rft_id=https://ir.lib.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/29543/files/4014&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Potassium+channel+opener" class="Z3988">
4. ^ Stojnic N, Gojkovic-Bukarica L, Peric M, et al. (June 2007). "Potassium channel opener pinacidil induces relaxation of the isolated human radial artery". J. Pharmacol. Sci. 104 (2): 122–9\. doi:10.1254/jphs.FP0061434. PMID 17538231.122-9&rft.date=2007-06&rft_id=info:doi/10.1254/jphs.FP0061434&rft_id=info:pmid/17538231&rft.aulast=Stojnic&rft.aufirst=N&rft.au=Gojkovic-Bukarica,+L&rft.au=Peric,+M&rft_id=https://doi.org/10.1254%2Fjphs.FP0061434&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Potassium+channel+opener" class="Z3988"> [dead link‍]
5. ^ Rundfeldt C (October 1997). "The new anticonvulsant retigabine (D-23129) acts as an opener of K+ channels in neuronal cells". European Journal of Pharmacology. 336 (2–3): 243–9\. doi:10.1016/S0014-2999(97)01249-1. PMID 9384239.2–3&rft.pages=243-9&rft.date=1997-10&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/S0014-2999(97)01249-1&rft_id=info:pmid/9384239&rft.au=Rundfeldt+C&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Potassium+channel+opener" class="Z3988">
6. ^ Main MJ, Cryan JE, Dupere JR, Cox B, Clare JJ, Burbidge SA (August 2000). "Modulation of KCNQ2/3 potassium channels by the novel anticonvulsant retigabine". Molecular Pharmacology. 58 (2): 253–62\. doi:10.1124/mol.58.2.253. PMID 10908292. S2CID 11112809.253-62&rft.date=2000-08&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:11112809#id-name=S2CID&rft_id=info:pmid/10908292&rft_id=info:doi/10.1124/mol.58.2.253&rft.aulast=Main&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.au=Cryan,+JE&rft.au=Dupere,+JR&rft.au=Cox,+B&rft.au=Clare,+JJ&rft.au=Burbidge,+SA&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Potassium+channel+opener" class="Z3988">
7. ^ a b c d e f Enyedi P, Czirják G (Apr 2010). "Molecular background of leak K+ currents: two-pore domain potassium channels" (PDF). Physiological Reviews. 90 (2): 559–605\. doi:10.1152/physrev.00029.2009. PMID 20393194. S2CID 9358238.559-605&rft.date=2010-04&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9358238#id-name=S2CID&rft_id=info:pmid/20393194&rft_id=info:doi/10.1152/physrev.00029.2009&rft.aulast=Enyedi&rft.aufirst=P&rft.au=Czirják,+G&rft_id=http://repo.lib.semmelweis.hu//bitstream/123456789/8205/1/2010PhysiolRev_K2P.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Potassium+channel+opener" class="Z3988">
8. ^ a b c d e f Lotshaw DP (2007). "Biophysical, pharmacological, and functional characteristics of cloned and native mammalian two-pore domain K+ channels". Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics. 47 (2): 209–56\. doi:10.1007/s12013-007-0007-8. PMID 17652773. S2CID 12759521.209-56&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:12759521#id-name=S2CID&rft_id=info:pmid/17652773&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s12013-007-0007-8&rft.aulast=Lotshaw&rft.aufirst=DP&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Potassium+channel+opener" class="Z3988">
9. ^ a b Fink M, Lesage F, Duprat F, Heurteaux C, Reyes R, Fosset M, Lazdunski M (Jun 1998). "A neuronal two P domain K+ channel stimulated by arachidonic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids". The EMBO Journal. 17 (12): 3297–308\. doi:10.1093/emboj/17.12.3297. PMC 1170668. PMID 9628867.3297-308&rft.date=1998-06&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1170668#id-name=PMC&rft_id=info:pmid/9628867&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093/emboj/17.12.3297&rft.aulast=Fink&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Lesage,+F&rft.au=Duprat,+F&rft.au=Heurteaux,+C&rft.au=Reyes,+R&rft.au=Fosset,+M&rft.au=Lazdunski,+M&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1170668&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Potassium+channel+opener" class="Z3988">
10. ^ Goldstein SA, Bockenhauer D, O'Kelly I, Zilberberg N (Mar 2001). "Potassium leak channels and the KCNK family of two-P-domain subunits". Nature Reviews. Neuroscience. 2 (3): 175–84\. doi:10.1038/35058574. PMID 11256078. S2CID 9682396.175-84&rft.date=2001-03&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9682396#id-name=S2CID&rft_id=info:pmid/11256078&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038/35058574&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.au=Bockenhauer,+D&rft.au=O'Kelly,+I&rft.au=Zilberberg,+N&rft_id=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9z7112ns&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Potassium+channel+opener" class="Z3988">
11. ^ Sano Y, Inamura K, Miyake A, Mochizuki S, Kitada C, Yokoi H, Nozawa K, Okada H, Matsushime H, Furuichi K (Jul 2003). "A novel two-pore domain K+ channel, TRESK, is localized in the spinal cord". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (30): 27406–12\. doi:10.1074/jbc.M206810200. PMID 12754259. S2CID 22656809.27406-12&rft.date=2003-07&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:22656809#id-name=S2CID&rft_id=info:pmid/12754259&rft_id=info:doi/10.1074/jbc.M206810200&rft.aulast=Sano&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.au=Inamura,+K&rft.au=Miyake,+A&rft.au=Mochizuki,+S&rft.au=Kitada,+C&rft.au=Yokoi,+H&rft.au=Nozawa,+K&rft.au=Okada,+H&rft.au=Matsushime,+H&rft.au=Furuichi,+K&rft_id=https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M206810200&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Potassium+channel+opener" class="Z3988">
12. ^ Czirják G, Tóth ZE, Enyedi P (Apr 2004). "The two-pore domain K+ channel, TRESK, is activated by the cytoplasmic calcium signal through calcineurin" (PDF). The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (18): 18550–8\. doi:10.1074/jbc.M312229200. PMID 14981085. S2CID 21219622.18550-8&rft.date=2004-04&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:21219622#id-name=S2CID&rft_id=info:pmid/14981085&rft_id=info:doi/10.1074/jbc.M312229200&rft.aulast=Czirják&rft.aufirst=G&rft.au=Tóth,+ZE&rft.au=Enyedi,+P&rft_id=http://repo.lib.semmelweis.hu//bitstream/123456789/8201/1/2004JBC_TRESK.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Potassium+channel+opener" class="Z3988">
13. ^ Meadows HJ, Randall AD (Mar 2001). "Functional characterisation of human TASK-3, an acid-sensitive two-pore domain potassium channel". Neuropharmacology. 40 (4): 551–9\. doi:10.1016/S0028-3908(00)00189-1. PMID 11249964. S2CID 20181576.551-9&rft.date=2001-03&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:20181576#id-name=S2CID&rft_id=info:pmid/11249964&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/S0028-3908(00)00189-1&rft.aulast=Meadows&rft.aufirst=HJ&rft.au=Randall,+AD&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Potassium+channel+opener" class="Z3988">
14. ^ Patel AJ, Honoré E, Lesage F, Fink M, Romey G, Lazdunski M (May 1999). "Inhalational anesthetics activate two-pore-domain background K+ channels". Nature Neuroscience. 2 (5): 422–6\. doi:10.1038/8084. PMID 10321245. S2CID 23092576.422-6&rft.date=1999-05&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:23092576#id-name=S2CID&rft_id=info:pmid/10321245&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038/8084&rft.aulast=Patel&rft.aufirst=AJ&rft.au=Honoré,+E&rft.au=Lesage,+F&rft.au=Fink,+M&rft.au=Romey,+G&rft.au=Lazdunski,+M&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Potassium+channel+opener" class="Z3988">
15. ^ Gray AT, Zhao BB, Kindler CH, Winegar BD, Mazurek MJ, Xu J, Chavez RA, Forsayeth JR, Yost CS (Jun 2000). "Volatile anesthetics activate the human tandem pore domain baseline K+ channel KCNK5". Anesthesiology. 92 (6): 1722–30\. doi:10.1097/00000542-200006000-00032. PMID 10839924. S2CID 45487917.1722-30&rft.date=2000-06&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:45487917#id-name=S2CID&rft_id=info:pmid/10839924&rft_id=info:doi/10.1097/00000542-200006000-00032&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=AT&rft.au=Zhao,+BB&rft.au=Kindler,+CH&rft.au=Winegar,+BD&rft.au=Mazurek,+MJ&rft.au=Xu,+J&rft.au=Chavez,+RA&rft.au=Forsayeth,+JR&rft.au=Yost,+CS&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Potassium+channel+opener" class="Z3988">
16. ^ Rogawski MA, Bazil CW (Jul 2008). "New molecular targets for antiepileptic drugs: alpha(2)delta, SV2A, and K(v)7/KCNQ/M potassium channels". Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports. 8 (4): 345–52\. doi:10.1007/s11910-008-0053-7. PMC 2587091. PMID 18590620.345-52&rft.date=2008-07&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2587091#id-name=PMC&rft_id=info:pmid/18590620&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s11910-008-0053-7&rft.aulast=Rogawski&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.au=Bazil,+CW&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2587091&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Potassium+channel+opener" class="Z3988">
17. ^ Premoli I, Rossini PG, Goldberg PY, Posadas K, Green L, Yogo N, Pimstone S, Abela E, Beatch GN, Richardson MP (November 2019). "TMS as a pharmacodynamic indicator of cortical activity of a novel anti-epileptic drug, XEN1101". Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology. 6 (11): 2164–2174\. doi:10.1002/acn3.50896. PMC 6856596. PMID 31568714. "XEN1101 is a novel positive allosteric modulator ("opener") of the potassium channel KCNQ2/3 (Kv7.2/7.3) currently being developed by Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc. for the treatment of focal epilepsy."2164-2174&rft.date=2019-11&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6856596#id-name=PMC&rft_id=info:pmid/31568714&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002/acn3.50896&rft.aulast=Premoli&rft.aufirst=I&rft.au=Rossini,+PG&rft.au=Goldberg,+PY&rft.au=Posadas,+K&rft.au=Green,+L&rft.au=Yogo,+N&rft.au=Pimstone,+S&rft.au=Abela,+E&rft.au=Beatch,+GN&rft.au=Richardson,+MP&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6856596&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Potassium+channel+opener" class="Z3988">

* v
* t
* e

Pharmacomodulation

Types|

* ♦ Enzyme: Inducer
* Inhibitor

* ♦ Ion channel: Opener
* Blocker

* ♦ Receptor: Agonist
* Partial agonist
* Antagonist
* Inverse agonist
* Positive allosteric modulator (PAM)
* Negative allosteric modulator (NAM)

* ♦ Transporter [Reuptake vs Efflux]: Enhancer (RE)
* Inhibitor (RI)
* Releaser (RA)

* ♦ Miscellaneous: Precursor
* Cofactor

Classes|

| Enzyme|

see Enzyme inhibition

|

Ion channel|

See Ion channel modulators

Receptor &
transporter|

| BA/M|

| Adrenergic|

* Adrenergic receptor agonist (α
* β (1
* 2))
* Adrenergic receptor antagonist (α (1
* 2)
* β)
* Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI)

|

Dopaminergic|

* Dopamine receptor agonist
* Dopamine receptor antagonist
* Dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI)

Histaminergic|

* Histamine receptor agonist
* Histamine receptor antagonist (H1
* H2
* H3)

Serotonergic|

* Serotonin receptor agonist
* Serotonin receptor antagonist (5-HT3)
* Serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI)

AA|

| GABAergic|

* GABA receptor agonist
* GABA receptor antagonist
* GABA reuptake inhibitor (GRI)

|

Glutamatergic|

* Glutamate receptor agonist (AMPA)
* Glutamate receptor antagonist (NMDA)
* Glutamate reuptake inhibitor

Cholinergic|

* Acetylcholine receptor agonist (Muscarinic
* Nicotinic)
* Cholinesterase inhibitor
* Acetylcholine receptor antagonist (Muscarinic
* Nicotinic (Ganglionic
* Muscular))

Cannabinoidergic|

* Cannabinoid receptor agonist
* Cannabinoid receptor antagonist
* Endocannabinoid enhancer (eCBE)
* Endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitor (eCBRI)

Opioidergic|

* Opioid modulator
* Opioid receptor agonist
* Opioid receptor antagonist
* Enkephalinase inhibitor

Other|

* Adenosine reuptake inhibitor (AdoRI)
* Angiotensin II receptor antagonist
* Endothelin receptor antagonist
* NK1 receptor antagonist
* Vasopressin receptor antagonist

Miscellaneous|

* Cofactor (see Enzyme cofactors)
* Precursor (see Amino acids)

* v
* t
* e

Ion channel modulators

Calcium|

| VDCCsTooltip Voltage-dependent calcium channels|

| Blockers|

* L-type-selective: Dihydropyridines: Amlodipine
* Aranidipine
* Azelnidipine
* Barnidipine
* Clevidipine
* Cronidipine
* Darodipine
* Dexniguldipine
* Elgodipine
* Elnadipine
* Felodipine
* Flordipine
* Furnidipine
* Iganidipine
* Isradipine
* Lacidipine
* Lemildipine
* Lercanidipine
* Levamlodipine
* Levniguldipine
* Manidipine
* Mepirodipine
* Mesudipine
* Nicardipine
* Nifedipine
* Niguldipine
* Niludipine
* Nilvadipine
* Nimodipine
* Nisoldipine
* Nitrendipine
* Olradipine
* Oxodipine
* Palonidipine
* Pranidipine
* Ryodipine (riodipine)
* Sagandipine
* Sornidipine
* Teludipine
* Tiamdipine
* Trombodipine
* Vatanidipine; Diltiazem derivatives: Clentiazem
* Diltiazem
* Iprotiazem
* Nictiazem
* Siratiazem; Phenylalkylamines: Anipamil
* Dagapamil
* Devapamil
* Dexverapamil
* Emopamil
* Etripamil
* Falipamil
* Gallopamil
* Levemopamil
* Nexopamil
* Norverapamil
* Ronipamil
* Tiapamil
* Verapamil; Others: AH-1058
* Brinazarone
* Budiodarone
* Celivarone
* Cyproheptadine
* Dronedarone
* Fantofarone
* SR-33805
* Tetrahydropalmatine

* N-type-selective: ω-Conotoxins
* ω-Conotoxin GVIA
* Caroverine
* Huwentoxin XVI
* Leconotide (ω-conotoxin CVID)
* PD-173212
* Ralfinamide
* Safinamide
* Z160
* Ziconotide (ω-conotoxin MVIIA)

* P-type-selective: ω-Agatoxin IVA
* ω-Agatoxin IVB

* R-type-selective: SNX-482

* T-type-selective: ABT-639
* ML-218
* Niflumic acid
* NNC 55-0396
* ProTx I
* Z944
* Zonisamide

* Non-selective: ω-Agatoxin TK
* ω-Conotoxin MVIIC
* Benidipine
* Bepridil
* Cilnidipine
* Cinnarizine
* Dotarizine
* Efonidipine
* Flunarizine
* Lamotrigine
* Levetiracetam
* Lomerizine
* Loperamide
* Mibefradil
* NP078585
* Ruthenium red
* TROX-1

* α2δ subunit-selective (gabapentinoids): 4-Methylpregabalin
* Arbaclofen
* Arbaclofen placarbil
* Atagabalin
* Baclofen
* Gabapentin
* Gabapentin enacarbil
* Imagabalin
* Mirogabalin
* PD-200,347
* PD-217,014
* PD-299,685
* Phenibut
* Pregabalin

* Others/unsorted: Bencyclane
* Berbamine
* Bevantolol
* Canadine
* Carboxyamidotriazole
* Cycleanine
* Dauricine
* Dimeditiapramine
* Diproteverine
* Enpiperate
* Eperisone
* Elpetrigine
* Ethadione
* Ethanol (alcohol)
* Ethosuximide
* Fasudil
* Fendiline
* Fostedil
* Imepitoin
* JTV-519
* Lidoflazine
* Magnesium
* Manoalide
* Mesuximide
* Monatepil
* Naftopidil
* Ochratoxin A
* Osthol
* Otilonium bromide
* Paramethadione
* Phensuximide
* Pinaverium bromide
* Prenylamine
* Rhynchophylline
* Sesamodil
* Silperisone
* Sipatrigine
* Terodiline
* Tetrandrine
* Tolperisone
* Trimethadione
* Valperinol

|

Activators|

* L-type-selective: Bay K8644

Potassium|

| VGKCsTooltip Voltage-gated potassium channels|

| Blockers|

* 3,4-Diaminopyridine (amifampridine)
* 4-Aminopyridine (fampridine/dalfampridine)
* Adekalant
* Almokalant
* Amiodarone
* Azimilide
* Bretylium
* Bunaftine
* Charybdotoxin
* Clamikalant
* Conotoxins
* Dalazatide
* Dendrotoxin
* Dofetilide
* Dronedarone
* E-4031
* Hanatoxin
* HgeTx1
* HsTx1
* Ibutilide
* Inakalant
* Kaliotoxin
* Linopirdine
* Lolitrem B
* Maurotoxin
* Nifekalant
* Notoxin
* Paxilline
* Pinokalant
* Quinidine
* ShK-186
* Sotalol
* Tedisamil
* Terikalant
* Tetraethylammonium
* Vernakalant

* hERG (KCNH2, Kv11.1)-specific: Ajmaline
* Amiodarone
* AmmTX3
* Astemizole
* Azaspiracid
* AZD1305
* Azimilide
* Bedaquiline
* BeKm-1
* BmTx3
* BRL-32872
* Chlorpromazine
* Cisapride
* Clarithromycin
* Darifenacin
* Dextropropoxyphene
* Diallyl trisulfide
* Domperidone
* E-4031
* Ergtoxins
* Erythromycin
* Gigactonine
* Haloperidol
* Ketoconazole
* Norpropoxyphene
* Orphenadrine
* Pimozide
* PNU-282,987
* Promethazine
* Quinidine
* Ranolazine
* Roxithromycin
* Sertindole
* Solifenacin
* Tamulotoxin
* Terodiline
* Terfenadine
* Thioridazine
* Tolterodine
* Vanoxerine
* Vernakalant

* KCNQ (Kv7)-specific: Linopirdine
* XE-991
* Spooky toxin (SsTx)

|

Activators|

* KCNQ (Kv7)-specific: Flupirtine
* Retigabine

IRKsTooltip Inwardly rectifying potassium channel|

| Blockers|

* KATPTooltip ATP-sensitive potassium channel-specific: Acetohexamide
* Carbutamide
* Chlorpropamide
* Glibenclamide (glyburide)
* Glibornuride
* Glicaramide
* Gliclazide
* Glimepiride
* Glipizide
* Gliquidone
* Glisoxepide
* Glyclopyramide
* Glycyclamide
* Metahexamide
* Mitiglinide
* Nateglinide
* Repaglinide
* Tolazamide
* Tolbutamide

* GIRKTooltip G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel-specific: Barium
* Caramiphen
* Cloperastine
* Clozapine
* Dextromethorphan
* Ethosuximide
* Ifenprodil
* Tertiapin
* Tipepidine

|

Activators|

* KATPTooltip ATP-sensitive potassium channel-specific: Aprikalim
* Bimakalim
* Cromakalim
* Diazoxide
* Emakalim
* Levcromakalim
* Mazokalim
* Minoxidil
* Minoxidil sulfate
* Naminidil
* Nicorandil
* Pinacidil
* Rilmakalim
* Sarakalim

* GIRKTooltip G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel-specific: ML-297 (VU0456810)

KCaTooltip Calcium-activated potassium channel|

| Blockers|

* BKCa-specific: Ethanol (alcohol)
* GAL-021

|

Activators|

* BKCa-specific: Flufenamic acid
* Meclofenamic acid
* Niflumic acid
* Nimesulide
* Rottlerin (mallotoxin)
* Tolfenamic acid

K2PsTooltip Tandem pore domain potassium channel|

| Blockers|

* 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
* Arachidonic acid
* Fluoxetine
* Norfluoxetine

|

Activators|

* Riluzole

Sodium|

| VGSCsTooltip Voltage-gated sodium channels|

| Blockers|

* Antianginals: Ranolazine

* Antiarrhythmics (class I): Ajmaline
* Aprindine
* Disopyramide
* Dronedarone
* Encainide
* Flecainide
* Lidocaine
* Lorajmine
* Lorcainide
* Mexiletine
* Moricizine
* Pilsicainide
* Prajmaline
* Procainamide
* Propafenone
* Quinidine
* Sparteine
* Tocainide

* Anticonvulsants: Acetylpheneturide
* Carbamazepine
* Cenobamate
* Chlorphenacemide
* Elpetrigine
* Eslicarbazepine acetate
* Ethotoin
* Fosphenytoin
* Lamotrigine
* Lacosamide
* Licarbazepine
* Mephenytoin
* Oxcarbazepine
* Oxitriptyline
* Phenacemide
* Pheneturide
* Phenytoin
* Rufinamide
* Sipatrigine
* Topiramate
* Sodium valproate
* Valnoctamide
* Valproate pivoxil
* Valproate semisodium
* Valproic acid
* Valpromide
* Zonisamide

* Local anesthetics: pFBT
* Amylocaine
* Articaine
* Benzocaine
* Bupivacaine (Levobupivacaine, Ropivacaine)
* Butacaine
* Butamben
* Chloroprocaine
* Cinchocaine
* Cocaine
* Cyclomethycaine
* Dimethocaine
* Diphenhydramine
* Etidocaine
* Hexylcaine
* Iontocaine
* Lidocaine
* Mepivacaine
* Meprylcaine
* Metabutoxycaine
* Orthocaine
* Piperocaine
* Prilocaine
* Procaine
* Propoxycaine
* Proxymetacaine
* Risocaine
* Tetracaine
* Trimecaine

* Analgesics: AZD-3161
* DSP-2230
* Funapide
* GDC-0276
* NKTR-171
* PF-04531083
* PF-05089771
* Ralfinamide
* Raxatrigine
* RG7893 (GDC-0287)
* Suzetrigine

* Toxins: Conotoxins
* Neosaxitoxin
* Saxitoxin
* Tetrodotoxin
* Zetekitoxin AB

* Others: Buprenorphine
* Evenamide
* Menthol (mint)
* Safinamide
* Tricyclic antidepressants

|

Activators|

* Aconitine
* Atracotoxins (ω-Atracotoxin, Robustoxin, Versutoxin)
* Batrachotoxin
* Ciguatoxins
* Grayanotoxins
* Poneratoxin

ENaCTooltip Epithelial sodium channel|

| Blockers|

* Amiloride
* Benzamil
* Triamterene

|

Activators|

* Solnatide

ASICsTooltip Acid-sensing ion channel|

| Blockers|

* A-317567
* Amiloride
* Aspirin
* Ibuprofen
* PcTX1

|

Chloride|

| CaCCsTooltip Calcium-activated chloride channel|

| Blockers|

* Crofelemer
* DIDS
* Ethacrynic acid
* Flufenamic acid
* Fluoxetine
* Furosemide
* Glibenclamide
* Mefloquine
* Mibefradil
* Niflumic acid

|

Activators|

* Carbachol

CFTRTooltip Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator|

| Blockers|

* Glibenclamide
* Lonidamine
* Piretanide

|

Activators|

* 1,7-Phenanthroline
* 1,10-Phenanthroline
* 4,7-Phenanthroline
* 7,8-Benzoquinoline
* Ivacaftor
* Phenanthridine

Unsorted|

| Blockers|

* Bumetanide
* Flufenamic acid
* Meclofenamic acid
* Mefenamic acid
* Mepacrine
* Niflumic acid
* Talniflumate
* Tolfenamic acid
* Trifluoperazine

|

Others|

| TRPsTooltip Transient receptor potential channels|

* See here instead.

|

LGICsTooltip Ligand gated ion channels|

* See here instead.

See also: Receptor/signaling modulators • Transient receptor potential channel modulators

This pharmacology-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

|

* v
* t
* e

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template
*[VDCCs]: Voltage-dependent calcium channels
*[VGKCs]: Voltage-gated potassium channels
*[IRKs]: Inwardly rectifying potassium channel
*[KATP]: ATP-sensitive potassium channel
*[GIRK]: G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel
*[KCa]: Calcium-activated potassium channel
*[K2Ps]: Tandem pore domain potassium channel
*[VGSCs]: Voltage-gated sodium channels
*[ENaC]: Epithelial sodium channel
*[ASICs]: Acid-sensing ion channel
*[CaCCs]: Calcium-activated chloride channel
*[CFTR]: Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
*[TRPs]: Transient receptor potential channels
*[LGICs]: Ligand gated ion channels