Powassan encephalitis

Main article: Tick-borne meningoencephalitis

Medical condition

Powassan encephalitis

Specialty| Infectious diseases

Powassan encephalitis, caused by the Powassan virus (POWV), a flavivirus also known as the deer tick virus, is a form of arbovirus infection that results from tick bites. It can occur as a co-infection with Lyme disease, as both are transmitted to humans by the same species of tick.[1] Over the last decade, there has been a surge in the number of cases and an expansion of its geographic range. In the United States, cases have been documented primarily in the northeast.[2] The disease was first isolated from the brain of a boy who died of encephalitis in Powassan, Ontario, in 1958.[3] This disease is classified as a zoonosis, originating in animals, often found in rodents and ticks, with subsequent transmission to humans. The virus shares antigenic similarities with the Far Eastern tick-borne encephalitis viruses.[4]

## Presentation

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Symptoms manifest within 7–10 days and include fever, headache, partial paralysis, confusion, nausea and even coma.[citation needed]

## Diagnosis

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This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (November 2017)

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## Treatment

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There is currently no established treatment.[5]

## Prognosis

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Half of all cases results in permanent neurological damage and 10-15% result in death.[citation needed]

## References

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1. ^ Caulfield AJ, Pritt BS (December 2015). "Lyme Disease Coinfections in the United States". Clinics in Laboratory Medicine. 35 (4): 827–46. doi:10.1016/j.cll.2015.07.006. PMID 26593260.
2. ^ "Cumulative human disease cases reported to CDC ArboNET for 2015". United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on 2016-12-15. Retrieved 2015-11-27.
3. ^ McLEAN DM, DONOHUE WL (1 May 1959). "Powassan virus: isolation of virus from a fatal case of encephalitis". Canadian Medical Association Journal. 80 (9): 708–11. PMC 1830849. PMID 13652010.
4. ^ CASALS J (13 February 1960). "Antigenic relationship between Powassan and Russian spring-summer encephalitis viruses". Canadian Medical Association Journal. 82 (7): 355–8. PMC 1937779. PMID 13808112.
5. ^ Hinten SR, Beckett GA, Gensheimer KF, et al. (December 2008). "Increased recognition of Powassan encephalitis in the United States, 1999-2005". Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 8 (6): 733–40. doi:10.1089/vbz.2008.0022. PMID 18959500.

## External links

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Classification|

* ICD-10: A84.8

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* v
* t
* e

Zoonotic viral diseases (A80–B34, 042–079)

Arthropod
-borne|

| Mosquito
-borne|

| Bunyavirales|

* Arbovirus encephalitides: Batai virus
* BATV
* Bwamba Fever
* BWAV
* California encephalitis
* CEV
* Jamestown Canyon encephalitis
* La Crosse encephalitis
* LACV
* Tahyna virus
* TAHV
* Tete virus

* Viral hemorrhagic fevers: Bunyamwera fever
* BUNV
* Ngari virus
* NRIV
* Rift Valley fever
* RVFV

|

Flaviviridae|

* Arbovirus encephalitides: Japanese encephalitis
* JEV
* Australian encephalitis
* MVEV
* KUNV
* Saint Louis encephalitis
* SLEV
* Usutu virus
* USUV
* West Nile fever
* WNV

* Viral hemorrhagic fevers: Dengue fever
* DENV-1-4
* Yellow fever
* YFV
* Zika fever
* ZIKV

Togaviridae|

* Arbovirus encephalitides: Eastern equine encephalomyelitis
* EEEV
* Western equine encephalomyelitis
* WEEV
* Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis
* VEEV
* Chikungunya
* CHIKV
* O'nyong'nyong fever
* ONNV
* Pogosta disease
* Sindbis virus
* Ross River fever
* RRV
* Semliki Forest virus

Reoviridae|

* Banna virus encephalitis

Tick
-borne|

| Bunyavirales|

* Viral hemorrhagic fevers: Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHFV)
* Heartland virus
* Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (Huaiyangshan banyangvirus)
* Tete virus
* Arbovirus encephalitides: Bhanja virus

|

Flaviviridae|

* Arbovirus encephalitides: Tick-borne encephalitis
* TBEV
* Powassan encephalitis
* POWV
* Viral hemorrhagic fevers: Omsk hemorrhagic fever
* OHFV
* Kyasanur Forest disease
* KFDV
* AHFV
* Langat virus
* LGTV

Orthomyxoviridae|

* Bourbon virus

Reoviridae|

* Colorado tick fever
* CTFV
* Kemerovo tickborne viral fever

Sandfly
-borne|

| Bunyavirales|

* Adria virus (ADRV)
* Oropouche fever
* Oropouche virus
* Pappataci fever
* Toscana virus
* Sandfly fever Naples virus

|

Rhabdoviridae|

* Chandipura virus

Mammal
-borne|

| Rodent
-borne|

| Arenaviridae|

* Viral hemorrhagic fevers: Lassa fever
* LASV
* Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever
* GTOV
* Argentine hemorrhagic fever
* JUNV
* Brazilian hemorrhagic fever
* SABV
* Bolivian hemorrhagic fever
* MACV
* LUJV
* CHPV

|

Bunyavirales|

* Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
* DOBV
* HTNV
* PUUV
* SEOV
* AMRV
* THAIV
* Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
* ANDV
* SNV

Herpesviridae|

* Murid gammaherpesvirus 4

Bat
-borne|

| Filoviridae|

* Ebola virus disease
* BDBV
* SUDV
* TAFV
* ZEBOV
* Marburg virus disease
* MARV
* RAVV

|

Rhabdoviridae|

* Rabies
* ABLV
* MOKV
* DUVV
* LBV
* CHPV

Paramyxoviridae|

* Henipavirus encephalitis
* HeV
* NiV

Coronaviridae|

* MERS-CoV
* SARS-related coronavirus
* SARS-CoV
* SARS-CoV-2

Primate
-borne|

| Herpesviridae|

* B virus

|

Retroviridae|

* Simian foamy virus
* HTLV-1
* HTLV-2

Poxviridae|

* Tanapox
* Yaba monkey tumor virus

Multiple
vectors|

| Rhabdoviridae|

* Rabies
* RABV
* Mokola virus

|

Poxviridae|

* Monkeypox

* v
* t
* e

Tick-borne diseases and infestations

Diseases|

| Bacterial infections|

| Rickettsiales|

* Anaplasmosis
* Boutonneuse fever
* Ehrlichiosis (Human granulocytic, Human monocytotropic, Human E. ewingii infection)
* Scrub typhus
* Spotted fever rickettsiosis
* Pacific Coast tick fever
* American tick bite fever
* rickettsialpox
* Rocky Mountain spotted fever)

|

Spirochaete|

* Baggio–Yoshinari syndrome
* Lyme disease
* Relapsing fever borreliosis

Thiotrichales|

* Tularemia

Viral infections|

* Bhanja virus
* Bourbon virus
* Colorado tick fever
* Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever
* Heartland bandavirus
* Kemerovo tickborne viral fever
* Kyasanur Forest disease
* Omsk hemorrhagic fever
* Powassan encephalitis
* Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
* Tete orthobunyavirus
* Tick-borne encephalitis

Protozoan infections|

* Babesiosis

Other diseases|

* Tick paralysis
* Alpha-gal allergy
* Southern tick-associated rash illness

Infestations|

* Tick infestation

Species and bites|

| Amblyomma|

* Amblyomma americanum
* Amblyomma cajennense
* Amblyomma triguttatum

|

Dermacentor|

* Dermacentor andersoni
* Dermacentor variabilis

Ixodes|

* Ixodes cornuatus
* Ixodes holocyclus
* Ixodes pacificus
* Ixodes ricinus
* Ixodes scapularis

Ornithodoros|

* Ornithodoros gurneyi
* Ornithodoros hermsi
* Ornithodoros moubata

Other|

* Rhipicephalus sanguineus

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