Pre-Marx socialists

List of socialism advocates before Marx and Engels

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Socialism

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Development

* French Revolution
* Revolutions of 1848
* Socialist calculation debate
* Socialist economics

Ideas

* Calculation in kind
* Collective ownership
* Cooperative
* Common ownership
* Critique of political economy
* Economic democracy
* Economic planning
* Equal liberty
* Equal opportunity
* Free association
* Freed market
* Industrial democracy
* Input–output model
* Internationalism
* Labour-time calculation
* Labour voucher
* Material balance planning
* Peer‑to‑peer economics
* Production for use
* Sharing economy
* Spontaneism
* Social dividend
* Social ownership
* Socialism in one country
* Socialist mode of production
* Soviet democracy
* Strike action
* To each according to his contribution/needs
* Vanguardism
* Workers' self-management
* Workplace democracy

Models

* Communalism
* Socialist planned economy
* Decentralized planning
* Inclusive Democracy
* OGAS
* Project Cybersyn
* Soviet-type
* Market socialism
* Lange model
* Mutualism
* Socialist market economy
* Socialist-oriented market
* Participatory economics

Variants

* 21st-century
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* Agrarian
* Anarchism
* Authoritarian
* Blanquism
* Buddhist
* Chinese
* Christian
* Communism
* Democratic
* Democratic road
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* Ethical
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* Feminist
* Fourierism
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* Gandhian
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* Liberal
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* Marhaenism
* Market
* Marxism
* Municipal
* Nationalist
* Nkrumaism
* Owenism
* Popular (Central Europe)
* Popular (Nordic)
* Reformism
* Religious
* Revolutionary
* Ricardian
* Saint-Simonianism
* Scientific
* Sewer
* Social democracy
* State
* Syndicalism
* Third World
* Utopian
* Yellow
* Zionist

Intellectuals

* More
* Campanella
* d'Hupay
* Saint-Simon
* Buonarroti
* Saint-Just
* Owen
* Fourier
* Cabet
* Leroux
* Sue
* Blanqui
* Proudhon
* Greeley
* Herzen
* Bakunin
* Marx
* Kingsley
* Engels
* Wallace
* Lavrov
* Lassalle
* Saltykov
* Chernyshevsky
* Tolstoy
* Michel
* Morris
* Jones
* Kropotkin
* Carpenter
* Sorel
* Bellamy
* Kautsky
* Wilde
* Bellamy
* Plekhanov
* Ferrer
* Dewey
* Wells
* Du Bois
* Gorky
* Goldman
* Landauer
* Berkman
* Luxemburg
* Russell
* Pannekoek
* Rocker
* Spengler
* Keller
* Pankhurst
* Volin
* Lukács
* Korsch
* Polanyi
* Vanzetti
* Bordiga
* Serge
* Gramsci
* Sacco
* Day
* Marcuse
* James
* Orwell
* Montseny
* Sartre
* Bookchin
* Zinn
* Castoriadis
* Thompson
* Chomsky
* Fotopoulos
* Newton
* Wolff
* Ali
* Öcalan
* Hampton
* Žižek
* West
* Hedges
* Varoufakis
* Saito

Politicians

* (Tiberius) Gracchus
* (Gaius) Gracchus
* Mazdak
* Roux
* Babeuf
* Blanc
* Hong
* Bebel
* Bernstein
* Malatesta
* Debs
* Markievicz
* Connolly
* Gandhi
* Liebknecht
* Savage
* Blum
* Stauning
* Martov
* Nygaardsvold
* Trotsky
* Kerensky
* Attlee
* Spiridonova
* Chifley
* Drees
* Makhno
* Nehru
* Tito
* Nagy
* Durruti
* Gerhardsen
* Van Acker
* Spaak
* Sukarno
* Erlander
* Douglas
* Senghor
* Allende
* van der Lubbe
* Nkrumah
* Kreisky
* Whitlam
* Corvalán
* Mitterrand
* Nasser
* Mandela
* Dubček
* Nyerere
* Koivisto
* Manley
* Benn
* Palme
* Bhutto
* Che
* Gorbachev
* Ismail
* Vázquez
* Sanders
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* Lula
* Ortega
* Guterres
* Corbyn
* Sankara
* Mélenchon
* Chávez
* Galloway
* Marcos
* Morales
* Sánchez
* Ocasio-Cortez

Organizations

* Socialist Party
* Labour and Socialist International
* Network of Social Democracy in Asia
* Party of European Socialists
* Socialist International
* World Socialist Movement
* Young European Socialists

Related topics

* Capitalism
* Communist society
* Criticism of capitalism
* Criticism of socialism
* Economic calculation problem
* Economic system
* French Left
* Left-libertarianism
* Libertarianism
* Market abolitionism
* Marxist philosophy
* Nanosocialism
* Progressivism
* Socialism and LGBTQ rights
* Socialist calculation debate
* Socialist Party
* Socialist state
* Workers' council

Lists

* Democratic socialists
* Democratic socialist parties and organizations
* Economists
* Films
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While Marxism had a significant impact on socialist thought, pre-Marxist thinkers (before Marx wrote on the subject) have advocated socialism in forms both similar and in stark contrast to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels' conception of socialism, advocating some form of collective ownership over large-scale production, worker-management within the workplace, or in some cases a form of planned economy.

## List

[edit]

Early socialist and proto-socialist philosophers and political theorists:

1. Gaius and Tiberius Gracchus, ancient Roman statesmen who advocated heavily for policies in the interest of the Plebeians. These policies included land and wealth redistribution and subsidized grain to help the poor.
2. Gerrard Winstanley, who founded the Diggers movement in the United Kingdom[1]
3. François-Noël Babeuf, French revolutionary and journalist
4. Charles Fourier, French philosopher who propounded principles very similar to that of Marx[2][3]
5. Louis Blanqui, French socialist and writer[2][3]
6. Marcus Thrane, Norwegian socialist[4]
7. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Genevan philosopher, writer and composer whose works influenced the French Revolution[2]
8. Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, French politician and philosopher[2][3]
9. Pierre Leroux, French religious socialist[2]

Ricardian socialist economists:

1. Thomas Hodgskin, English Ricardian socialist and free-market anarchist[5][6]
2. Charles Hall
3. John Francis Bray
4. John Gray
5. William Thompson
6. Percy Ravenstone
7. James Mill
8. John Stuart Mill, classical political economist who came to advocate worker-cooperative socialism[3]

Utopian socialist thinkers:

1. Sylvain Maréchal
2. Claude Henri de Saint-Simon[2][3]
3. Wilhelm Weitling[3]
4. Robert Owen[3]
5. Étienne Cabet[2]
6. Frances Wright

## See also

[edit]

* Classical economics
* History of communism
* History of socialism
* Pre-Marxist communism
* Ricardian socialism
* Socialism
* Structural fix
* Utopian socialism
* Voluntaryism
* Yellow socialism

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Murray Bookchin (1965). Ecology and Revolutionary Thought (PDF). Retrieved 28 December 2011.
2. ^ a b c d e f g Corcoran, Paul E. (1983). Before Marx: Socialism and Communism in France, 1830-48. The MacMillan Press Ltd.
3. ^ a b c d e f g Weisbord, Albert (1937). The Conquest of Power: Liberalism, Anarchism, Syndicalism, Socialism, Fascism, Communism.
4. ^ "Marcus Thrane". The Promise of America.
5. ^ Braudel, Fernand (1979). The Wheels of Commerce: Civilization and Capitalism 15th–18th Century. Harper and Row.
6. ^ Hodgson, Geoffrey (2015). Conceptualizing Capitalism: Institutions, Evolution, Future. University of Chicago Press. p. 252\. ISBN 9780226168005.

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