Presidency of the United Nations Security Council

Leader of the UN Security Council

Presidency of United Nations Security Council

| رئاسة مجلس الأمن (Arabic)

联合国安全理事会主席 (Chinese)
Présidence du Conseil de sécurité (French)
Председатель Совета Безопасности (Russian)
Presidencia del Consejo de Seguridad (Spanish)
Member of| United Nations Security Council
Seat| United Nations Headquarters
Appointer| United Nations Security Council
Term length| One month
Constituting instrument| Charter of the United Nations
Formation| 17 January 1946
First holder| Australia
Website| www.un.org/securitycouncil/content/presidency

The presidency of the United Nations Security Council is responsible for leading the United Nations Security Council. It rotates among the fifteen member-states of the council monthly. The head of the country's delegation is known as the president of the United Nations Security Council. The presidency has rotated every month since its establishment in 1946,[1] and the president serves to coordinate actions of the council, decide policy disputes, and sometimes functions as a diplomat or intermediary between conflicting groups.

## Role

[edit]

The United Nations Security Council chamber in New York City

The presidency derives responsibility from the Provisional Rules of Procedure of the United Nations Security Council as well as the council's practice.[2] The role of the president involves calling the meetings of the Security Council,[3] approving the provisional agenda (proposed by the secretary-general),[4] presiding at its meetings,[5] deciding questions relating to policy[6] and overseeing any crisis. The president is authorized to issue both Presidential Statements[7] (subject to consensus among Council members) and notes,[8] which are used to make declarations of intent that the full Security Council can then pursue.[9] The president is also responsible for reading statements of the Security Council to the press. The holder of the presidency is considered to be the 'face' and spokesperson of the UNSC.[10] The holder of the presidency may appeal to parties in a conflict to "exercise restraint".[11]

The president represents the Security Council before other United Nations organs and member states. They also call upon members to speak, send applicants for United Nations membership to a committee of the UNSC and decide voting order.[12] Particularly after the end of the Cold War, the president has worked to coordinate the UNSC with other organs.[13] The president has authority to rule upon points of order, which can be put to a vote if a member of the council challenges it.[11] They also name members of various subsidiary organs, and are generally responsible for maintaining order.[14] Since November 2000, the president has generally prepared background papers for the topic being discussed.[15]

The president also continues to represent their state. If their nation is involved in a conflict the UNSC is discussing, they are expected to temporarily step down.[14] Conversely, because the presidency rotates monthly, all nations on the UNSC can evenly emphasize issues important to them.[16] Most non-permanent states hold the presidency once or twice during their two-year terms; Burkina Faso changed its name from Upper Volta in August 1984 during its term, and held it three times.[17] The president often makes a distinction between when they are speaking as the president and as the representative of their state.[18]

Davidson Nicol, an academic, writes that:

> Although the role of the President should not be exaggerated, the work of the Council, its reputation and that of the United Nations are very much affected by the calibre and style of the individual who presides over the organ having responsibility for international peace and security. . . The Security Council is the pivot of the United Nations in efforts to maintain and enhance international peace and security. The major function of its President should be to guide it effectively and expeditiously toward this noble goal.[19]

### Identity

[edit]

The permanent representative (ambassador) of the state to the security council is usually the president of the council,[12] but the presidency is technically given to a state and not a person.[16] For example, in January 2000, a month in which the United States held the presidency of the Security Council,[20] U.S. vice president Al Gore headed the United States delegation to the United Nations for a few days. As a result, Gore was the president of the Security Council during this time.[21] Heads of state have met six times at the UNSC.[22] All members of the council, including the president, must present credentials issued by either the head of state, the head of government, or the minister of foreign affairs of their respective states to the secretary-general, except if the representative is also the head of government or minister of foreign affairs.[23]

## Rotation

[edit]

The United Nations Charter mentions the presidency once,[24] stating that the Security Council is empowered to establish rules of procedure, "including the method of selecting its president" in Article 30.[25] At its first meeting on 17 January 1946, the UNSC adopted provisional rule 18 and established that the presidency would rotate monthly among all the members of the Security Council, with no distinction between permanent and non-permanent members. The rotation takes place in alphabetical order of the member states' official names in English. French was originally proposed as the source of the order, based on its predecessor, the Council of the League of Nations, but English was picked by the Executive Committee of the UN Preparatory Commission, despite reservations that three permanent members could serve in order (the USSR, United States, and United Kingdom).[16] As such, Australia was the first nation to hold the presidency.[26][27][12] Such rotation makes the presidency unique among all United Nations organs.[16] The president is the only non-elected head of a United Nations organ.[26][28]

The president of the Security Council may optionally recuse themselves when the Security Council debates a question directly connected to the president's nation. For example, Cape Verde served as president in November 1993, but temporarily stepped down for part of the day on 10 November 1993 while the UN General Assembly and Security Council conducted an election to the International Court of Justice where Cape Verde was running for a seat. The Security Council member next in line, China, temporarily served as president during the election.[29]

### Changes

[edit]

Due to the UNSC's first meeting being on a January 17, terms initially began on the 17th of every month. Since there were eleven members on the Security Council at the time, the last member in alphabetical order, the United States, was due to end its first term on 16 December 1946. It was suggested by Australia that month to extend the term to 31 December 1946 so that all future rotations of the presidency would occur on the first of every month (United Nations Security Council Resolution 14).

As a result, the first year of operation of the Security Council had all eleven members serve as president exactly once, the United States became the only member to serve a term longer than one month, and all future years that had an eleven-member Security Council would have one member serve twice for the January and December months.

On 1 January 1966, the Security Council was expanded to fifteen members, and no future members would serve as president more than once in a year barring exceptional circumstances.

## Function

[edit]

In 1981, Sydney D. Bailey, an observer of the United Nations, divided the history of the UNSC into three eras; from 1946 to 1955, 1956–1965, and 1966 to 1981. In the first, presidents often acted on their own initiative without consulting the security council. During the second era, the security council was less involved in affairs relating to the Cold War, adopting the slogan "Leave it to Dag [Hammarskjöld]". From 1966 to 1981, the president began informally discussing matters before holding formal sessions and generally becoming more efficient.[30]

### Early function

[edit]

Dmitry Manuilsky

In 1947 and 1948, the UNSC was involved in the independence of Israel and the ensuing 1947–1949 Palestine war. In July 1948, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic held the presidency. The council met on 7 July upon the request of a United Nations mediator, to consider whether it should promote peace. The UNSC had previously invited representatives of the Arab Higher Committee and the Jewish Agency of Palestine to discuss the issue.[31]

Dmitry Manuilsky, the president in July, addressed the Jewish Agency as 'the representative of the State of Israel'. However, the UNSC had not formally recognized the state. Various member-states criticized his action, and only the United States supported it. In response, the Arab Higher Committee representatives left discussions, and did not return, hindering the UNSC's ability to negotiate the matter. Historian Istvan Pogany considers that "the President deliberately abused his office in order to further the objectives of his government."[31]

In 1948, the president informally engaged in diplomacy several times, the first in January 1948, when the Belgian president requested that India and Pakistan "refrain from any step incompatible with the Charter and liable to result in an aggravation of the situation". In April, the Colombian president met with representatives of the Jewish Agency and Arab Higher Committee to discuss possible terms for peace. Later that year, the Argentinian president established a 'Technical Committee on Berlin Currency and Trade'.[32] In August 1950, Sydney D. Bailey writes that the holder of the presidency, the Soviet Union, manipulated "the procedure of the Council for partisan purposes during debates on Korea".[33]

The president has also formally negotiated on behalf of the UNSC several times. In February 1957, upon the request of the UNSC, then-president Gunnar Jarring of Sweden prepared a report on India–Pakistan relations. He consulted with both nations and discussed many potential solutions to their disagreements, none of which were agreed upon. Such actions have generally not been requested since the 1970s. The president will also manage less formal negotiations upon request of the council.[32]

### Later function

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Tsiang held the presidency 16 times, starting in 1948 and ending in 1962.

In a 31 March 1976 meeting discussing South African aggression against Angola, the meeting continued past midnight and it was technically 1 April. Thomas S. Boya, the representative of Benin and president for March, offered to pass the presidency on to China. Though the meeting was adjourned before a decision was reached, it became established procedure for the president to step down exactly when the month elapsed. A similar case on 31 May 2010 resulted in Nawaf Salam of Lebanon giving the presidency to Claude Heller of Mexico.[28]

In September 1994, during the Rwandan genocide, Rwanda was supposed to hold the presidency, but had not been present at Security Council meetings from 14 July. On 25 August, the Council decided to allow Spain to hold the position for September. A Rwandan delegation was again present on 16 September, and it was decided that the nation would hold the presidency in December.[17] The presidency has been ceded several times. The first was from 10 to 12 January 1950, when the representative of Taiwan ceded to Cuba. The United States ceded in 1948, China in 1950, India in 1951, Lebanon in 1956, and the United Kingdom in 1968. On 10 November 1993 the representative of Cape Verde, José Luís Jesus, ceded to China as he was a candidate for election to the International Court of Justice; and on 15 December 1994 the Rwandan representative ceded to Argentina. Both the United States and Soviet Union refused requests to cede the presidency, the US during the Cold War and USSR during the Congo Crisis.[34][35]

Taieb Slim, the Tunisian holder of the presidency in September 1980, asked Iran and Iraq to "desist from all armed activity and all acts that might worsen the dangerous situation and to settle their dispute by peaceful means.[11] The presidency was reformed in a 2010 note revised its function, largely focusing on increasing transparency. Efforts at such reform had begun in the 1990s.[36] There have been various other efforts to reform the position, such as allowing terms to be extended during times of war.[37]

Numerous people have served multiple times as president. The most times anyone has held the position is sixteen, by T.F. Tsiang, a representative of the Republic of China; the second-most was held by Yakov Malik, a representative of the USSR, ten.[38]

## List of presidents

[edit]

### 1946–1949

[edit]

Presidents from 1946 to 1949:[39]

Dates | State | Name

|
|

17 January – 16 February 1946  |  Australia | Norman Makin
17 February – 16 March 1946  |  Brazil | Cyro de Freitas Valle
17 March – 16 April 1946  |  China | Guo Taiqi
17 April – 16 May 1946  |  Egypt | Hafez Afifi Pasha
17 May – 16 June 1946  |  France | Alexandre Parodi
17 June – 16 July 1946  |  Mexico | Francisco Castillo Nájera
17 July – 16 August 1946  |  Netherlands | Eelco van Kleffens
17 August – 16 September 1946  |  Poland | Oskar R. Lange
17 September – 16 October 1946  |  Soviet Union | Andrei Gromyko
17 October – 16 November 1946  |  United Kingdom | Alexander Cadogan
17 November – 31 December 1946  |  United States | Herschel V. Johnson II
January 1947  |  Australia | Norman Makin
February 1947  |  Belgium | Fernand van Langenhove
March 1947  |  Brazil | Oswaldo Aranha
April 1947  |  China | Quo Tai-chi
May 1947  |  Colombia | Alfonso López Pumarejo
June 1947  |  France | Alexandre Parodi
July 1947  |  Poland | Oskar R. Lange
August 1947  |  Syria | Faris al-Khoury
September 1947  |  Soviet Union | Andrei Gromyko
October 1947  |  United Kingdom | Alexander Cadogan
November 1947  |  United States | Warren Austin
December 1947  |  Australia | John Hood
January 1948  |  Belgium | Fernand van Langenhove
February 1948  |  Canada | A. G. L. McNaughton
March 1948  |  China | Tsiang Tingfu
April 1948  |  Colombia | Alfonso López Pumarejo
May 1948  |  France | Alexandre Parodi
June 1948  |  Syria | Faris al-Khoury
July 1948  |  Ukrainian SSR | Dmitry Manuilsky
August 1948  |  Soviet Union | Yakov Malik
September 1948  |  United Kingdom | Alexander Cadogan
October 1948  |  United States
Argentina | Warren Austin
Juan Atilio Bramuglia
November 1948  |  Argentina | José Arce
December 1948  |  Belgium | Fernand van Langenhove
January 1949  |  Canada | A. G. L. McNaughton
February 1949  |  China | Tsiang Tingfu
March 1949  |  Cuba | Alberto Inocente Álvarez
April 1949  |  Egypt | Mahmoud Fawzi Bey
May 1949  |  France | Jean Chauvel
June 1949  |  Norway | Arne Sunde
July 1949  |  Ukrainian SSR | Dmitry Manuilsky
August 1949  |  Soviet Union | Semyon K. Tsarapkin
September 1949  |  United Kingdom | Alexander Cadogan
October 1949  |  United States | Warren Austin
November 1949  |  Argentina | José Arce
December 1949  |  Canada | A. G. L. McNaughton

### 1950–1954

[edit]

Presidents from 1950 to 1954:[40]

Dates | State | Name

|
|

January 1950  |  China | Tsiang Tingfu
February 1950  |  Cuba | Carlos Blanco Sanchez
March 1950  |  Ecuador | Homero Viteri Lafronte
April 1950  |  Egypt | Mahmoud Fawzi Bey
May 1950  |  France | Jean Chauvel
June 1950  |  India | Benegal Narsing Rau
July 1950  |  Norway | Arne Sunde
August 1950  |  Soviet Union | Yakov Malik
September 1950  |  United Kingdom | Gladwyn Jebb
October 1950  |  United States | Warren Austin
November 1950  |  Yugoslavia | Aleš Bebler
December 1950  |  China | Tsiang Tingfu
January 1951  |  Ecuador | Antonio Quevedo
February 1951  |  France | François Lacoste
March 1951  |  India
Netherlands | Benegal Narsing Rau
D. J. von Balluseck
April 1951  |  Netherlands | D. J. von Balluseck
May 1951  |  Turkey | Selim Sarper and Ilhan Savut
June 1951  |  Soviet Union | Yakov Malik
July 1951  |  United Kingdom | Gladwyn Jebb
August 1951  |  United States | Warren Austin
September 1951  |  Yugoslavia | Aleš Bebler
October 1951  |  Brazil | João Carlos Muniz
November 1951  |  China | Tsiang Tingfu
December 1951  |  Ecuador | Antonio Quevedo
January 1952  |  France | Jean Chauvel
February 1952  |  Greece | Alexis Kyrou
March 1952  |  Netherlands | D. J. von Balluseck
April 1952  |  Pakistan | Patras Bokhari
May 1952  |  Turkey | Selim Sarper
June 1952  |  Soviet Union | Yakov Malik
July 1952  |  United Kingdom | Gladwyn Jebb
August 1952  |  United States | Warren Austin
September 1952  |  Brazil | João Carlos Muniz
October 1952  |  Chile | Hernán Santa Cruz
November 1952  |  China | Tsiang Tingfu
December 1952  |  France | Henri Hoppenot
January 1953  |  Greece | Alexis Kyrou
February 1953  |  Lebanon | Charles Malik
March 1953  |  Pakistan | Ahmed S. Bokhari
April 1953  |  Soviet Union | Andrey Vyshinsky
May 1953  |  United Kingdom | Gladwyn Jebb
June 1953  |  United States | Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.
July 1953  |  Chile | Rudecindo Ortega Masson
August 1953  |  China | Tsiang Tingfu
September 1953  |  Colombia | Francisco José Urrutia Holguín
October 1953  |  Denmark | William Borberg
November 1953  |  France | Henri Hoppenot
December 1953  |  Greece | Alexis Kyrou
January 1954  |  Lebanon | Charles Malik
February 1954  |  New Zealand | Leslie Munro
March 1954  |  Turkey | Selim Sarper
April 1954  |  Soviet Union | Andrey Vyshinsky
May 1954  |  United Kingdom | Pierson Dixon
June 1954  |  United States | Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.
July 1954  |  Brazil | Ernesto Leme
August 1954  |  China | Tsiang Tingfu
September 1954  |  Colombia | Francisco José Urrutia Holguín
October 1954  |  Denmark | William Borberg
November 1954  |  France | Henri Hoppenot
December 1954  |  Lebanon | Charles Malik

### 1955–1959

[edit]

Presidents from 1955 to 1959:[40]

Dates | State | Name

|
|

January 1955  |  New Zealand | Leslie Munro
February 1955  |  Peru | Victor Belaunde
March 1955  |  Turkey | Selim Sarper
April 1955  |  Soviet Union | Arkady Sobolev
May 1955  |  United Kingdom | Pierson Dixon
June 1955  |  United States | Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.
July 1955  |  Belgium | Fernand van Langenhove
August 1955  |  Brazil | Cyro de Freitas Valle
September 1955  |  Republic of China | Tsiang Tingfu
October 1955  |  France | Henri Hoppenot
November 1955  |  Iran | Nasrollah Entezam
December 1955  |  New Zealand | Leslie Munro
January 1956  |  Peru | Victor Belaunde
February 1956  |  Soviet Union | Arkady Sobolev
March 1956  |  United Kingdom | Pierson Dixon
April 1956  |  United States | Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.
May 1956  |  Yugoslavia | Jože Brilej
June 1956  |  Australia | Edward Ronald Walker
July 1956  |  Belgium | Josef Nisot
August 1956  |  Republic of China | Tsiang Tingfu
September 1956  |  Cuba | Emilio Núñez Portuondo
October 1956  |  France | Christian Pineau, Bernard Cornut-Gentille, and Louis de Guiringaud
November 1956  |  Iran | Nasrollah Entezam
December 1956  |  Peru | Victor Belaunde
January 1957  |  Philippines | Carlos P. Romulo
February 1957  |  Sweden | Gunnar Jarring
March 1957  |  Soviet Union | Arkady Sobolev
April 1957  |  United Kingdom | Pierson Dixon
May 1957  |  United States | Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.
June 1957  |  Australia | Edward Ronald Walker
July 1957  |  Republic of China | Tsiang Tingfu
August and September 1957  |  Colombia
Cuba | Francisco José Urrutia Holguín
Emilio Núñez Portuondo
October 1957  |  France | Guillaume Georges-Picot
November 1957  |  Iraq | Hashim Jawad
December 1957  |  Philippines | Carlos P. Romulo
January 1958  |  Sweden | Gunnar Jarring
February 1958  |  Soviet Union | Arkady Sobolev
March 1958  |  United Kingdom | Pierson Dixon
April 1958  |  United States | Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.
May 1958  |  Canada | Charles Ritchie
June 1958  |  Republic of China | Tsiang Tingfu
July 1958  |  Colombia | Alfonso Araújo Gaviria
August 1958  |  France | Guillaume Georges-Picot
September 1958  |  Iraq | Hashim Jawad
October 1958  |  Japan | Koto Matsudaira
November 1958  |  Panama | Jorge Illueca
December 1958  |  Sweden | Gunnar Jarring
January 1959  |  Tunisia | Mongi Slim
February 1959  |  Soviet Union | Arkady Sobolev
March 1959  |  United Kingdom | Pierson Dixon
April 1959  |  United States | Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.
May 1959  |  Argentina | Mario Amadeo
June 1959  |  Canada | Charles Ritchie
July 1959  |  Republic of China | Tsiang Tingfu
August 1959  |  France | Armand Bérard
September 1959  |  Italy | Egidio Ortona
October 1959  |  Japan | Koto Matsudaira
November 1959  |  Panama | Jorge Illueca
December 1959  |  Tunisia | Mongi Slim

### 1960–1964

[edit]

Presidents from 1960 to 1964:[41]

Dates | State | Name

|
|

January 1960  |  Soviet Union | Arkady Sobolev
February 1960  |  United Kingdom | Pierson Dixon
March 1960  |  United States | Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.
April 1960  |  Argentina | Mario Amadeo
May 1960  |  Ceylon | Claude Corea
June 1960  |  Republic of China | Tsiang Tingfu
July 1960  |  Ecuador | José A. Correa
August 1960  |  France | Armand Bérard
September 1960  |  Italy | Egidio Ortona
October 1960  |  Poland | Bohdan Lewandowski
November 1960  |  Tunisia | Mongi Slim
December 1960  |  Soviet Union | Valerian Zorin
January 1961  |  United Arab Republic | Omar Loutfi
February 1961  |  United Kingdom | Patrick Dean
March 1961  |  United States | Adlai E. Stevenson
April 1961  |  Ceylon | T. B. Subasinghe
May 1961  |  Chile | Daniel Schweitzer
June 1961  |  Republic of China | Tsiang Tingfu and Y. C. Hsueh
July 1961  |  Ecuador | Leopoldo Benites
August 1961  |  France | Armand Bérard
September 1961  |  Liberia | Nathan Barnes
October 1961  |  Turkey | Turgut Menemencioglu
November 1961  |  Soviet Union | Valerian Zorin
December 1961  |  United Arab Republic | Omar Loutfi
January 1962  |  United Kingdom | Patrick Dean
February 1962  |  United States | Adlai E. Stevenson and Francis T. P. Plimpton
March 1962  |  Venezuela | Carlos Sosa Rodríguez
April 1962  |  Chile | Daniel Schweitzer
May 1962  |  Republic of China | Tsiang Tingfu
June 1962  |  France | Armand Bérard
July 1962  |  Ghana | Alex Quaison-Sackey
August 1962  |  Ireland | Frederick Boland
September 1962  |  Romania | Mihai Haseganu
October 1962  |  Soviet Union | Platon Morozov and Valerian Zorin
November 1962  |  United Arab Republic | Mahmoud Riad
December 1962  |  United Kingdom | Patrick Dean
January 1963  |  United States | Adlai E. Stevenson
February 1963  |  Venezuela | Carlos Sosa-Rodriguez
March 1963  |  Brazil | Geraldo de Carvalho Silos
April 1963  |  Republic of China | Liu Chieh
May 1963  |  France | Roger Seydoux
June 1963  |  Ghana | Alex Quaison-Sackey
July 1963  |  Morocco | Ahmed Taibi Benhima
August 1963  |  Norway | Sievert A. Nielsen
September 1963  |  Philippines | Jacinto Castel Borja
October 1963  |  Soviet Union | Nikolai Fedorenko
November 1963  |  United Kingdom | Patrick Dean
December 1963  |  United States | Adlai E. Stevenson, Charles Yost, and Francis T. P. Plimpton
January 1964  |  Bolivia | Renan Castrillo Justiniano
February 1964  |  Brazil | Carlos A. Bernardes
March 1964  |  Republic of China | Liu Chieh
April 1964  |  Czechoslovakia | Jiří Hájek
May 1964  |  France | Roger Seydoux
June 1964  |  Ivory Coast | Arsene A. Usher
July 1964  |  Morocco | Ahmed Taibi Benhima
August 1964  |  Norway | Sievert A. Nielsen
September 1964  |  Soviet Union | Platon D. Morozov
October 1964  |  United Kingdom | Patrick Dean
November 1964  |  United States | Adlai E. Stevenson
December 1964  |  Bolivia | Fernando Ortiz Sanz

### 1965–1969

[edit]

Presidents from 1965 to 1969:[41]

Dates | State | Name

|
|

January 1965  |  Republic of China | Liu Chieh
February 1965  |  France | Roger Seydoux
March 1965  |  Ivory Coast | Arsene Usher
April 1965  |  Jordan | Abdul Monem Rifa'i
May 1965  |  Malaysia | Radhakrishna Ramani
June 1965  |  Netherlands | J. G. de Beus
July 1965  |  Soviet Union | Platon Morozov
August 1965  |  United Kingdom | Roger Jackling
September 1965  |  United States | Arthur Goldberg
October 1965  |  Uruguay | Hector Payssé Reyes
November 1965  |  Bolivia | Fernando Ortiz Sanz
December 1965  |  Republic of China | Liu Chieh
January 1966  |  France | Roger Seydoux
February 1966  |  Japan | Akira Matsui
March 1966  |  Jordan | Muhammed El-Farra
April 1966  |  Mali | Moussa Leo Keita
May 1966  |  Netherlands | J. G. de Beus
June 1966  |  New Zealand | Frank Corner
July 1966  |  Nigeria | Simeon Adebo
August 1966  |  Uganda | Apollo Kironde
September 1966  |  Soviet Union | Nikolai Fedorenko
October 1966  |  United Kingdom | Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon and Roger Jackling
November 1966  |  United States | Arthur Goldberg
December 1966  |  Uruguay | Pedro P. Berro
January 1967  |  Argentina | Raúl Alberto Quijano
February 1967  |  Brazil | José Sette Câmara
March 1967  |  Bulgaria | Milko Tarabanov
April 1967  |  Canada | George Ignatieff
May 1967  |  Republic of China | Liu Chieh
June 1967  |  Denmark | Hans Tabor
July 1967  |  Ethiopia | Endelkachew Makonnen
August 1967  |  France | Roger Seydoux
September 1967  |  India | Gopalaswami Parthasarathi
October 1967  |  Japan | Senjin Tsuruoka
November 1967  |  Mali | Mamadou Boubacar Kante
December 1967  |  Nigeria | Simeon Adebo
January 1968  |  Pakistan | Agha Shahi
February 1968  |  Paraguay | Miguel Solano Lopez
March 1968  |  Senegal | Ousmane Socé
April 1968  |  Soviet Union | Yakov Malik
May 1968  |  United Kingdom | Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon
June 1968  |  United States | Arthur Goldberg
July 1968  |  Algeria | Tewfik Bouattoura
August 1968  |  Brazil | João Augusto de Araújo Castro
September 1968  |  Canada | George Ignatieff
October 1968  |  Republic of China | Liu Chieh
November 1968  |  Denmark | Otto L. Borch
December 1968  |  Ethiopia | Endelkachew Makonnen
January 1969  |  Finland | Max Jakobson
February 1969  |  France | Armand Bérard
March 1969  |  Hungary | Károly Csatorday
April 1969  |  Nepal | Padma Bahadur Khatri
May 1969  |  Pakistan | Agha Shahi
June 1969  |  Paraguay | Miguel Solano Lopez
July 1969  |  Senegal | Ibrahima Boye
August 1969  |  Spain | Jaime de Piniés
September 1969  |  Soviet Union | Yakov Malik
October 1969  |  United Kingdom | Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon
November 1969  |  United States | Charles Yost
December 1969  |  Zambia | Vernon Mwaanga

### 1970–1974

[edit]

Presidents from 1970 to 1974:[42]

Dates | State | Name

|
|

January 1970  |  Burundi | Terence Nsanze
February 1970  |  Republic of China | Liu Chieh
March 1970  |  Colombia | Joaquín Vallejo Arbeláez
April 1970  |  Finland | Max Jakobson
May 1970  |  France | Jacques Kosciusco-Morizet
June 1970  |  Nepal | Padma Bahadur Khatri
July 1970  |  Nicaragua | Guillermo Sevilla Sacasa
August 1970  |  Poland | Eugeniusz Kułaga
September 1970  |  Sierra Leone | Davidson Nicol
October 1970  |  Spain | Jaime de Piniés
November 1970  |  Syria | George Tomeh
December 1970  |  Soviet Union | Yakov Malik
January 1971  |  United Kingdom | Colin Crowe
February 1971  |  United States | Charles Woodruff Yost
March 1971  |  Argentina | Carlos Ortiz de Rozas
April 1971  |  Belgium | Edouard Longerstaey
May 1971  |  Burundi | Terence Nsanze
June 1971  |  Republic of China | Liu Chieh
July 1971  |  France | Jacques Kosciusco-Morizet
August 1971  |  Italy | Piero Vinci
September 1971  |  Japan | Toru Nakagawa
October 1971  |  Nicaragua | Guillermo Sevilla Sacasa
November 1971  |  Poland | Eugeniusz Kułaga
December 1971  |  Sierra Leone | Ismail Byne Taylor-Kamara
January 1972  |  Somalia | Abdulrahim Abby Farah and Umar Arteh Ghalib
February 1972  |  Sudan | Mansour Khalid, Rahmatalla Abdalla, and Mohammed Fakhreddine
March 1972  |  Soviet Union | Yakov Malik
April 1972  |  United Kingdom | Colin Crowe
May 1972  |  United States | George H. W. Bush
June 1972  |  Yugoslavia | Lazar Mojsov
July 1972  |  Argentina | Carlos Ortiz de Rozas
August 1972  |  Belgium | Edouard Longerstaey
September 1972  |  People's Republic of China | Huang Hua
October 1972  |  France | Louis de Guiringaud
November 1972  |  Guinea | Jeanne-Martin Cissé
December 1972  |  India | Samar Sen
January 1973  |  Indonesia | Chaidir Anwar Sani
February 1973  |  Kenya | Joseph Odero-Jowi
March 1973  |  Panama | Aquilino Boyd, Omar Torrijos, and Juan Antonio Tack
April 1973  |  Peru | Javier Pérez de Cuéllar
May 1973  |  Sudan | Ramatalla Abdulla
June 1973  |  Soviet Union | Yakov Malik
July 1973  |  United Kingdom | Kenneth Jamieson and Colin Crowe
August 1973  |  United States | John A. Scali
September 1973  |  Yugoslavia | Lazar Mojsov
October 1973  |  Australia | Laurence McIntyre
November 1973  |  Austria | Peter Jankowitsch
December 1973  |  People's Republic of China | Huang Hua
January 1974  |  Costa Rica | Gonzalo Facio Segreda
February 1974  |  France | Louis de Guiringaud
March 1974  |  Indonesia | Chaidir Anwar Sani
April 1974  |  Iraq | Talib Shabib
May 1974  |  Kenya | Charles Gatere Maina
June 1974  |  Mauritania | Moulaye El Hassen
July 1974  |  Peru | Javier Pérez de Cuéllar
August 1974  |  Soviet Union | Yakov Malik
September 1974  |  United Kingdom | Ivor Richard
October 1974  |  Cameroon | Michel Njine
November 1974  |  United States | John A. Scali
December 1974  |  Australia | Laurence McIntyre

### 1975–1979

[edit]

Presidents from 1975 to 1979:[42]

Dates | State | Name

|
|

January 1975  |  Byelorussian SSR | Guerodot G. Tchernouchtchenko
February 1975  |  People's Republic of China | Huang Hua
March 1975  |  Costa Rica | Gonzalo J. Facio and Fernando Salazar
April 1975  |  France | Louis de Guiringaud
May 1975  |  Guyana | Shridath Ramphal
June 1975  |  Iraq | Abdul Karim Al-Shaikhly
July 1975  |  Italy | Eugenio Plaja
August 1975  |  Japan | Shizuo Saito
September 1975  |  Mauritania | Moulaye El Hassen
October 1975  |  Sweden | Olof Rydbeck
November 1975  |  Soviet Union | Yakov Malik
1–15, 17–31 December 1975  |  United Kingdom | Ivor Richard
16 December 1975  |  Cameroon | Ferdinand Oyono
January 1976  |  United Republic of Tanzania | Salim Ahmed Salim
February 1976  |  United States | Daniel Patrick Moynihan
March 1976  |  Benin | Thomas S. Boya
April 1976  |  People's Republic of China | Huang Hua
May 1976  |  France | Louis de Guiringaud
June 1976  |  Guyana | Rashleigh E. Jackson and Frederick R. Wills
July 1976  |  Italy | Piero Vinci
August 1976  |  Japan | Isao Abe
September 1976  |  Libya | Mansour Rashid El-Kikhia
October 1976  |  Pakistan | Iqbal A. Akhund
November 1976  |  Panama | Jorge Illueca
December 1976  |  Romania | Ion Datcu
January 1977  |  Soviet Union | Oleg Troyanovsky
February 1977  |  United Kingdom | James Murray
March 1977  |  United States | Andrew Young
April 1977  |  Venezuela | Simón Alberto Consalvi
May 1977  |  Benin | Thomas S. Boya
June 1977  |  Canada | William Hickson Barton
July 1977  |  People's Republic of China | Chen Chu
August 1977  |  France | Jacques Leprette
September 1977  |  Federal Republic of Germany | Rüdiger von Wechmar
October 1977  |  India | Rikhi Jaipal
November 1977  |  Libya | Mansour Rashid El-Kikhia
December 1977  |  Mauritius | Radha Krishna Ramphul and Harold E. Walter
January 1978  |  Nigeria | Joseph Nanven Garba and Leslie O. Harriman
February 1978  |  Soviet Union | Oleg Troyanovsky
March 1978  |  United Kingdom | Ivor Richard
April 1978  |  United States | Andrew Young
May 1978  |  Venezuela | Ruben Carpio Castillo
June 1978  |  Bolivia | Mario Rolon Anaya
July 1978  |  Canada | William Hickson Barton
August 1978  |  People's Republic of China | Chen Chu
September 1978  |  Czechoslovakia | Ilja Hulínský
October 1978  |  France | Jacques Leprette
November 1978  |  Gabon | Léon N'Dong
December 1978  |  Federal Republic of Germany | Rüdiger von Wechmar
January 1979  |  Jamaica | Donald O. Mills
February 1979  |  Kuwait | Abdalla Y. Bishara
March 1979  |  Nigeria | Leslie O. Harriman
April 1979  |  Norway | Ole Ålgård
May 1979  |  Portugal | Vasco Futscher Pereira
June 1979  |  Soviet Union | Oleg Troyanovsky
July 1979  |  United Kingdom | Ivor Richard
August 1979  |  United States | Andrew Young
September 1979  |  Zambia | Paul J. F. Lusaka
October 1979  |  Bangladesh | Khwaja Mohammed Kaiser
November 1979  |  Bolivia | Sergio Palacios de Vizzio
December 1979  |  People's Republic of China | Chen Chu

### 1980–1984

[edit]

Presidents from 1980 to 1984:[43]

Dates | State | Name

|
|

January 1980  |  France | Jacques Leprette
February 1980  |  German Democratic Republic | Peter Florin
March 1980  |  Jamaica | Donald O. Mills
April 1980  |  Mexico | Porfirio Muñoz Ledo
May 1980  |  Niger | Ide Oumarou
June 1980  |  Norway | Ole Ålgård
July 1980  |  Philippines | Carlos P. Romulo
August 1980  |  Portugal | Vasco Futscher Pereira
September 1980  |  Tunisia | Taieb Slim
October 1980  |  Soviet Union | Oleg Troyanovsky
November 1980  |  United Kingdom | Anthony Parsons
December 1980  |  United States | Donald McHenry
January 1981  |  People's Republic of China | Ling Qing
February 1981  |  France | Jacques Leprette
March 1981  |  German Democratic Republic | Peter Florin
April 1981  |  Ireland | Noel Dorr
May 1981  |  Japan | Masahiro Nisibori
June 1981  |  Mexico | Porfirio Muñoz Ledo
July 1981  |  Niger | Ide Oumarou
August 1981  |  Panama | Jorge Illueca
September 1981  |  Philippines | Carlos P. Romulo
October 1981  |  Spain | Jaime de Piniés
November 1981  |  Tunisia | Taieb Slim
December 1981  |  Uganda | Olara Otunnu
January 1982  |  Soviet Union | Oleg Troyanovsky
February 1982  |  United Kingdom | Anthony Parsons
March 1982  |  United States | Jeane Kirkpatrick
April 1982  |  Zaire | Gérard Kamanda wa Kamanda
May 1982  |  People's Republic of China | Ling Qing
June 1982  |  France | Luc de la Barre de Nanteuil
July 1982  |  Guyana | Noel G. Sinclair
August 1982  |  Ireland | Noel Dorr
September 1982  |  Japan | Masahiro Nisibori
October 1982  |  Jordan | Hazem Nuseibeh
November 1982  |  Panama | Carlos Ozores Typaldos
December 1982  |  Poland | Włodzimierz Natorf
January 1983  |  Togo | Atsu-Koffi Amega
February 1983  |  Soviet Union | Oleg Troyanovsky
March 1983  |  United Kingdom | John Thomson
April 1983  |  United States | Jeane Kirkpatrick
May 1983  |  Zaire | Umba di Lutete and Gérard Kamanda wa Kamanda
June 1983  |  Zimbabwe | Elleck Mashingaidze
July 1983  |  People's Republic of China | Ling Qing
August 1983  |  France | Luc de la Barre de Nanteuil
September 1983  |  Guyana | Noel G. Sinclair
October 1983  |  Jordan | Abdullah Salah
November 1983  |  Malta | Victor J. Gauci
December 1983  |  Netherlands | Max van der Stoel
January 1984  |  Nicaragua | Francisco Javier Chamorro Mora
February 1984  |  Pakistan | S. Shah Nawaz
March 1984  |  Peru | Javier Arias Stella
April 1984  |  Ukrainian SSR | Volodymyr O. Kravets
May 1984  |  Soviet Union | Oleg Troyanovsky
June 1984  |  United Kingdom | John Thomson
July 1984  |  United States | Jeane Kirkpatrick
August 1984  |  Upper Volta, from 4 August on as  Burkina Faso | Leandre Bassole
September 1984  |  Zimbabwe | Elleck Mashingaidze
October 1984  |  Burkina Faso | Basile Laerte Guissou and Leandre Bassole
November 1984  |  People's Republic of China | Ling Qing
December 1984  |  Egypt | Ahmed Tawfik Khalil

### 1985–1989

[edit]

Presidents from 1985 to 1989:[43]

Dates | State | Name

|
|

January 1985  |  France | Claude de Kemoularia
February 1985  |  India | Natarajan Krishnan
March 1985  |  Madagascar | Blaise Rabetafika
April 1985  |  Peru | Javier Arias Stella
May 1985  |  Thailand | Birabhongse Kasemsri and Siddhi Savetsila
June 1985  |  Trinidad and Tobago | Errol Mahabir and D. H. N. Alleyne
July 1985  |  Ukrainian SSR | Hennadiy Udovenko
August 1985  |  Soviet Union | Oleg Troyanovsky
September 1985  |  United Kingdom | John Thomson and Geoffrey Howe
October 1985  |  United States | Herbert S. Okun and Vernon A. Walters
November 1985  |  Australia | Richard Woolcott
December 1985  |  Burkina Faso | Leandre Bassole
January 1986  |  People's Republic of China | Luye Li
February 1986  |  People's Republic of the Congo | Martin Adouki
March 1986  |  Denmark | Ole Bierring
April 1986  |  France | Claude de Kemoularia
May 1986  |  Ghana | James Victor Gbeho
June 1986  |  Madagascar | Blaise Rabetafika
July 1986  |  Thailand | Birabhongse Kasemsri
August 1986  |  Trinidad and Tobago | D. H. N. Alleyne
September 1986  |  Soviet Union | Alexander Belonogov
October 1986  |  United Arab Emirates | Mohammed Hussein Al Shaali
November 1986  |  United Kingdom | John Thomson
December 1986  |  United States | Vernon A. Walters
January 1987  |  Venezuela | Andres Aguilar
February 1987  |  Zambia | Peter D. Zuze
March 1987  |  Argentina | Marcelo Delpech
April 1987  |  Bulgaria | Boris Tsvetkov
May 1987  |  People's Republic of China | Jiahua Huang
June 1987  |  People's Republic of the Congo | Martin Adouki
July 1987  |  France | Jean-Bernard Raimond and Pierre-Louis Blanc
August 1987  |  Federal Republic of Germany | Hans Werner Lautenschlager
September 1987  |  Ghana | James Victor Gbeho
October 1987  |  Italy | Maurizio Bucci
November 1987  |  Japan | Kiyoaki Kikuchi
December 1987  |  Soviet Union | Alexander Belonogov
January 1988  |  United Kingdom | Crispin Tickell
February 1988  |  United States | Herbert S. Okun and Vernon A. Walters
March 1988  |  Yugoslavia | Dragoslav Pejić
April 1988  |  Zambia | Peter D. Zuze
May 1988  |  Algeria | Hocine Djoudi
June 1988  |  Argentina | Marcelo Delpech
July 1988  |  Brazil | Paulo Nogueira Batista
August 1988  |  People's Republic of China | Li Luye
September 1988  |  France | Pierre-Louis Blanc
October 1988  |  Federal Republic of Germany | Alexander Graf York von Wartenburg
November 1988  |  Italy | Mario Scialoja and G. Migliuolo
December 1988  |  Japan | H. Kagami
January 1989  |  Malaysia | Razali Ismail
February 1989  |  Nepal | J. P. Rana
March 1989  |  Senegal | A. C. Diallo
April 1989  |  Soviet Union | Alexander Belonogov
May 1989  |  United Kingdom | Crispin Tickell
June 1989  |  United States | Thomas R. Pickering
July 1989  |  Yugoslavia | Dragoslav Pejić
August 1989  |  Algeria | Hocine Djoudi
September 1989  |  Brazil | Paulo Nogueira Batista
October 1989  |  Canada | L. Yves Fortier
November 1989  |  People's Republic of China | Li Luye
December 1989  |  Colombia | Enrique Peñalosa

### 1990–1994

[edit]

Presidents from 1990 to 1994:[44]

Dates | State | Name

|
|

January 1990  |  Côte d'Ivoire | Amara Essy
February 1990  |  Cuba | Ricardo Alarcón
March 1990  |  People's Democratic Republic of Yemen | Abdullah Saleh al-Ashtal
April 1990  |  Ethiopia | Tesfaye Tadessa
May 1990  |  Finland | Klaus Törnudd
June 1990  |  France | Pierre-Louis Blanc
July 1990  |  Malaysia | Razali Ismail
August 1990  |  Romania | Aurel Dragoș Munteanu
September 1990  |  Soviet Union | Yuli Mikhailovich Vorontsov and Eduard Shevardnadze
October 1990  |  United Kingdom | David Hannay
November 1990  |  United States | Thomas R. Pickering and James Baker
December 1990  |  Yemen | Abdullah Saleh al-Ashtal
January 1991  |  Zaire | Bagbeni Adeito Nzengeya
February 1991  |  Zimbabwe | Simbarashe Mumbengegwi
March 1991  |  Austria | Peter Hohenfellner
April 1991  |  Belgium | Paul Noterdaeme
May 1991  |  People's Republic of China | Li Daoyu
June 1991  |  Côte d'Ivoire | Jean-Jacques Bechio
July 1991  |  Cuba | Ricardo Alarcón
August 1991  |  Ecuador | José Ayala Lasso
September 1991  |  France | Jean-Bernard Mérimée and Roland Dumas
October 1991  |  India | Chinmaya Rajaninath Gharekhan
November 1991  |  Romania | Aurel Dragoș Munteanu
1–25 December 1991  |  Soviet Union | Yuli Mikhailovich Vorontsov
26–31 December 1991  |  Russia
January 1992  |  United Kingdom | David Hannay and John Major
February 1992  |  United States | Thomas R. Pickering
March 1992  |  Venezuela | Diego Arria
April 1992  |  Zimbabwe | Simbarashe Mumbengegwi and Stanislaus Garikai Chigwedere
May 1992  |  Austria | Peter Hohenfellner
June 1992  |  Belgium | Paul Noterdaeme
July 1992  |  Cape Verde | José Luís de Jesus
August 1992  |  People's Republic of China | Li Daoyu
September 1992  |  Ecuador | José Ayala Lasso
October 1992  |  France | Jean-Bernard Mérimée
November 1992  |  Hungary | Andre Erdos
December 1992  |  India | Chinmaya Rajaninath Gharekhan
January 1993  |  Japan | Yoshio Hatano
February 1993  |  Morocco | Ahmed Snoussi
March 1993  |  New Zealand | Terence Christopher O'Brien and Donald Charles McKinnon
April 1993  |  Pakistan | Jamsheed Marker
May 1993  |  Russia | Yuli Mikhailovich Vorontsov
June 1993  |  Spain | Juan Antonio Yáñez-Barnuevo
July 1993  |  United Kingdom | David Hannay and —— Richardson
August 1993  |  United States | Madeleine Albright
September 1993  |  Venezuela | Adolfo Taylhardat
October 1993  |  Brazil | Ronaldo Mota Sardenberg
November 1993  |  Cape Verde
People's Republic of China | José Luís de Jesus
Li Zhaoxing
December 1993  |  People's Republic of China | Li Zhaoxing
January 1994  |  Czech Republic | Karel Kovanda
February 1994  |  Djibouti | Roble Olhaye
March 1994  |  France | Jean-Bernard Mérimée
April 1994  |  New Zealand | Colin Keating and Donald Charles McKinnon
May 1994  |  Nigeria | Ibrahim Gambari and Baba Gana Kingibe
June 1994  |  Oman | Salim Bin Mohammed Al-Kussaiby
July 1994  |  Pakistan | Jamsheed Marker
August 1994  |  Russia | Yuli Mikhailovich Vorontsov
September 1994  |  Spain | Juan Antonio Yáñez-Barnuevo and Francisco Javier Solana de Madariaga
October 1994  |  United Kingdom | David Hannay
November 1994  |  United States | Madeleine Albright
December 1994  |  Rwanda | Manzi Bakuramutsa

### 1995–1999

[edit]

Presidents from 1995 to 1999:[44]

Dates | State | Name

|
|

January 1995  |  Argentina | Emilio Cárdenas
February 1995  |  Botswana | Joseph Legwaila and Mompati Merafhe
March 1995  |  People's Republic of China | Li Zhaoxing and Xuexian Wang
April 1995  |  Czech Republic | Karel Kovanda and Alexandr Vondra
May 1995  |  France | Jean-Bernard Mérimée
June 1995  |  Germany | Detlev Graf zu Rantzau
July 1995  |  Honduras | Gerardo Martínez Blanco and Delmer Urbizio Panting
August 1995  |  Indonesia | Nugroho Wisnumurti
September 1995  |  Italy | Francesco Paolo Fulci and Susanna Agnelli
October 1995  |  Nigeria | Ibrahim Gambari
November 1995  |  Oman | Salim bin Mohammed Al-Khussaiby
December 1995  |  Russia | Sergey Lavrov
January 1996  |  United Kingdom | John Weston
February 1996  |  United States | Madeleine Albright
March 1996  |  Botswana | Joseph Legwaila
April 1996  |  Chile | Juan Somavía
May 1996  |  People's Republic of China | Huasun Qin
June 1996  |  Egypt | Nabil Elaraby
July 1996  |  France | Alain Dejammet
August 1996  |  Germany | Antonius Eitel
September 1996  |  Guinea-Bissau | Alfredo Lopes Cabral
October 1996  |  Honduras | Delmer Urbizio Panting and Gerardo Martínez Blanco
November 1996  |  Indonesia | Nugroho Wisnumurti
December 1996  |  Italy | Francesco Paolo Fulci
January 1997  |  Japan | Hisashi Owada
February 1997  |  Kenya | Njuguna M. Mahugu
March 1997  |  Poland | Zbigniew M. Włosowicz
April 1997  |  Portugal | António Monteiro
May 1997  |  South Korea | Park Soo Gil and Chong Ha Yoo
June 1997  |  Russia | Sergey Lavrov
July 1997  |  Sweden | Peter Osvald and Lena Hjelm-Wallén
August 1997  |  United Kingdom | John Weston
September 1997  |  United States | William B. Richardson and Madeleine Albright
October 1997  |  Chile | Juan Somavía
November 1997  |  People's Republic of China | Huasun Qin
December 1997  |  Costa Rica | Fernando Berrocal Soto
January 1998  |  France | Alain Dejammet
February 1998  |  Gabon | Casimir Oyé-Mba and Denis Dangue Réwaka
March 1998  |  Gambia | Momodou Lamin Sedat Jobe and Abdoulie Momodou Sallah
April 1998  |  Japan | Hisashi Owada
May 1998  |  Kenya | Njuguna Mahugu and Bonaya Godana
June 1998  |  Portugal | António Monteiro and Jaime Gama
July 1998  |  Russia | Sergey Lavrov
August 1998  |  Slovenia | Danilo Türk
September 1998  |  Sweden | Lena Hjelm-Wallén and Hans Dalgren
October 1998  |  United Kingdom | Jeremy Greenstock
November 1998  |  United States | Peter Burleigh
December 1998  |  Bahrain | Jassim Mohammed Buallay
January 1999  |  Brazil | Celso Amorim
February 1999  |  Canada | Robert R. Fowler and Lloyd Axworthy
March 1999  |  People's Republic of China | Qin Huasun
April 1999  |  France | Alain Dejammet
May 1999  |  Gabon | Denis Dangue Réwaka
June 1999  |  Gambia | Baboucarr-Blaise Jagne
July 1999  |  Malaysia | Syed Hamid Albar and Agam Hasmy
August 1999  |  Namibia | Martin Andjaba and Theo-Ben Gurirab
September 1999  |  Netherlands | Peter van Walsum and Jozias van Aartsen
October 1999  |  Russia | Sergey Lavrov
November 1999  |  Slovenia | Danilo Türk and Boris Frlec
December 1999  |  United Kingdom | Jeremy Greenstock and Peter Hain

### 2000–2004

[edit]

Presidents from 2000 to 2004:[20]

Dates | State | Name

|
|

January 2000  |  United States | Al Gore, Richard Holbrooke, and Madeleine Albright
February 2000  |  Argentina | Arnoldo Manuel Listre and Adalberto Rodríguez Giavarini
March 2000  |  Bangladesh | Anwarul Karim Chowdhury and Abdus Samad Azad
April 2000  |  Canada | Lloyd Axworthy and Robert Fowler
May 2000  |  People's Republic of China | Wang Yingfan
June 2000  |  France | Jean-David Levitte
July 2000  |  Jamaica | Patricia Durrant and Paul Robertson
August 2000  |  Malaysia | Agam Hasmy
September 2000  |  Mali | Moctar Ouane and Alpha Oumar Konaré
October 2000  |  Namibia | Martin Andjaba and Theo-Ben Gurirab
November 2000  |  Netherlands | Peter van Walsum, Jozias van Aartsen, and Eveline Herfkens
December 2000  |  Russia | Sergey Lavrov
January 2001  |  Singapore | Kishore Mahbubani and S. Jayakumar
February 2001  |  Tunisia | Said Ben Mustapha and Habib Ben Yahia
March 2001  |  Ukraine | Valeriy P. Kuchinsky, Volodymyr Yelchenko, and Anatoliy Zlenko
April 2001  |  United Kingdom | Jeremy Greenstock
May 2001  |  United States | James B. Cunningham
June 2001  |  Bangladesh | Anwarul Karim Chowdhury and Abdus Samad Azad
July 2001  |  People's Republic of China | Wang Yingfan
August 2001  |  Colombia | Guillermo Fernández de Soto and Alfonso Valdivieso Sarmiento
September 2001  |  France | Jean-David Levitte
October 2001  |  Ireland | Richard Ryan and Brian Cowen
November 2001  |  Jamaica | Patricia Durrant, P. J. Patterson, and Keith D. Knight
December 2001  |  Mali | Moctar Ouane
January 2002  |  Mauritius | Jagdish Koonjul and Anil Gayan
February 2002  |  Mexico | Adolfo Aguilar Zínser
March 2002  |  Norway | Ole Peter Kolby and Jan Petersen
April 2002  |  Russia | Sergey Lavrov
May 2002  |  Singapore | Kishore Mahbubani and S. Jayakumar
June 2002  |  Syria | Mikhail Wehbe and Farouk al-Sharaa
July 2002  |  United Kingdom | Jeremy Greenstock and Valerie Amos
August 2002  |  United States | John Negroponte and James B. Cunningham
September 2002  |  Bulgaria | Solomon Passy, Stefan Tafrov, Georgi Parvanov, and Rayko Strahilov Raytchev
October 2002  |  Cameroon | Martin Belinga Eboutou
November 2002  |  People's Republic of China | Zhang Yishan and Wang Yingfan
December 2002  |  Colombia | Alfonso Valdivieso Sarmiento and Carolina Barco
January 2003  |  France | Jean-Marc de La Sablière and Dominique de Villepin
February 2003  |  Germany | Gunter Pleuger and Joschka Fischer
March 2003  |  Guinea | François Lonseny Fall and Mamady Traore
April 2003  |  Mexico | Adolfo Aguilar Zínser and Luis Ernesto Derbez
May 2003  |  Pakistan | Munir Akram and Khurshid Mahmud Kasuri
June 2003  |  Russia | Sergey Lavrov
July 2003  |  Spain | Inocencio Arias, Ana Menendez, and Ana Palacio
August 2003  |  Syria | Mikhail Wehbe and Faisal Meqdad
September 2003  |  United Kingdom | Emyr Jones Parry and Jack Straw
October 2003  |  United States | John Negroponte and James B. Cunningham
November 2003  |  Angola | Gaspar Martins
December 2003  |  Bulgaria | Stefan Tafrov and Solomon Passy
January 2004  |  Chile | Heraldo Muñoz and Soledad Alvear
February 2004  |  People's Republic of China | Wang Guangya
March 2004  |  France | Jean-Marc de La Sablière and Pierre-André Wiltzer
April 2004  |  Germany | Gunter Pleuger and Kerstin Müller
May 2004  |  Pakistan | Munir Akram and Khurshid Mahmud Kasuri
June 2004  |  Philippines | Lauro L. Baja Jr. and Delia Domingo-Albert
July 2004  |  Romania | Mihnea Motoc, Adrian Năstase, and Mircea Geoană
August 2004  |  Russia | Andrey Denisov
September 2004  |  Spain | Juan Antonio Yáñez-Barnuevo and Miguel Ángel Moratinos
October 2004  |  United Kingdom | Emyr Jones Parry, Bill Rammell, and Adam Thomson
November 2004  |  United States | John Danforth and Anne W. Patterson
December 2004  |  Algeria | Abdallah Baali and Abdelaziz Belkhadem

### 2005–2009

[edit]

Dates | State | Name

|
|

January 2005  |  Argentina | César Mayoral and Rafael Bielsa[20]
February 2005  |  Benin | Joel W. Adechi and Rogatien Biaou[20]
March 2005  |  Brazil | Ronaldo Mota Sardenberg[20]
April 2005  |  People's Republic of China | Wang Guangya and Zhang Yishan[20]
May 2005  |  Denmark | Ellen Margrethe Løj, Lars Faaborg-Andersen, and Per Stig Møller[20]
June 2005  |  France | Jean-Marc de La Sablière, Michel Duclos, and Brigitte Collet[20]
July 2005  |  Greece | Adamantios Vassilakis[45]
August 2005  |  Japan | Kenzo Oshima[46]
September 2005  |  Philippines | Lauro L. Baja Jr.[47] and Bayani Mercado[48]
October 2005  |  Romania | Mihnea Motoc[49] and Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu[50]
November 2005  |  Russia | Andrey Denisov[51]
December 2005  |  United Kingdom | Emyr Jones Parry[52]
January 2006  |  United Republic of Tanzania | Augustine P. Mahiga[53]
February 2006  |  United States | John R. Bolton[54]
March 2006  |  Argentina | César Mayoral[55]
April 2006  |  People's Republic of China | Wang Guangya[56]
May 2006  |  Republic of the Congo | Basile Ikouébé[57] and Pascal Gayama[58]
June 2006  |  Denmark | Ellen Margrethe Løj[59]
July 2006  |  France | Jean-Marc de La Sablière[60]
August 2006  |  Ghana | Nana Effah-Apenteng[61]
September 2006  |  Greece | Adamantios Vassilakis[62]
October 2006  |  Japan | Kenzo Oshima[63]
November 2006  |  Peru | Jorge Voto-Bernales[64]
December 2006  |  Qatar | Nassir Abdulaziz Al-Nasser[65] and Mutlaq Majed al-Qahtani[66]
January 2007  |  Russia | Vitaly Churkin[67]
February 2007  |  Slovakia | Peter Burian[68]
March 2007  |  South Africa | Dumisani Kumalo[69]
April 2007  |  United Kingdom | Emyr Jones Parry[70] and Karen Pierce[71]
May 2007  |  United States | Zalmay Khalilzad[72] and Alejandro Daniel Wolff[73]
June 2007  |  Belgium | Johan C. Verbeke[74]
July 2007  |  People's Republic of China | Wang Guangya[75]
August 2007  |  Republic of the Congo | Pascal Gayama[76]
September 2007  |  France | Jean-Maurice Ripert[77] and Bernard Kouchner[78]
October 2007  |  Ghana | Leslie K. Christian[79]
November 2007  |  Indonesia | Marty Natalegawa[80]
December 2007  |  Italy | Marcello Spatafora[81]
January 2008  |  Libya | Giadalla Ettalhi[82]
February 2008  |  Panama | Ricardo Alberto Arias[83]
March 2008  |  Russia | Vitaly Churkin[84]
April 2008  |  South Africa | Dumisani Kumalo[85]
May 2008  |  United Kingdom | Karen Pierce[86]
June 2008  |  United States | Zalmay Khalilzad[87] and Alejandro Daniel Wolff[88]
July 2008  |  Vietnam | Lê Lương Minh[89]
August 2008  |  Belgium | Jan Grauls[90]
September 2008  |  Burkina Faso | Michel Kafando,[91] Blaise Compaoré[citation needed] and Alain Bédouma Yoda[92]
October 2008  |  People's Republic of China | Zhang Yesui[93] and Liu Zhenmin[94]
November 2008  |  Costa Rica | Jorge Urbina,[95] Óscar Arias Sánchez, Saúl Weisleder,[96] and Jorge Ballestero[97]
December 2008  |  Croatia | Neven Jurica,[98] Stjepan Mesić,[99] and Ivo Sanader[100]
January 2009  |  France | Jean-Maurice Ripert,[101] Bernard Kouchner,[102] and Jean-Pierre Lacroix[103]
February 2009  |  Japan | Yukio Takasu[104]
March 2009  |  Libya | Ibrahim Dabbashi[105] and Abdurrahman Mohamed Shalgham[106]
April 2009  |  Mexico | Claude Heller[107] and Patricia Espinosa[108]
May 2009  |  Russia | Vitaly Churkin[109] and Sergey Lavrov[110]
June 2009  |  Turkey | Baki İlkin[111] and Ahmet Davutoğlu[112]
July 2009  |  Uganda | Ruhakana Rugunda[113] and Sam Kutesa[114]
August 2009  |  United Kingdom | John Sawers[115]
September 2009  |  United States | Susan Rice,[116] Barack Obama,[117] Rosemary DiCarlo,[118] and Hillary Clinton[119]
October 2009  |  Vietnam | Lê Lương Minh[120]
November 2009  |  Austria | Thomas Mayr-Harting[121]
December 2009  |  Burkina Faso | Michel Kafando[122]

### 2010–2014

[edit]

Dates | State | Name

|
|

January 2010  |  People's Republic of China | Zhang Yesui[123]
February 2010  |  France | Gérard Araud[124]
March 2010  |  Gabon | Emmanuel Issoze-Ngondet[125]
April 2010  |  Japan | Yukio Takasu[126]
May 2010  |  Lebanon | Nawaf Salam[127]
June 2010  |  Mexico | Claude Heller[128]
July 2010  |  Nigeria | Joy Ogwu[129]
August 2010  |  Russia | Vitaly Churkin[130]
September 2010  |  Turkey | Ertuğrul Apakan,[131] Abdullah Gül,[132] and Ahmet Davutoğlu[133]
October 2010  |  Uganda | Ruhakana Rugunda[134]
November 2010  |  United Kingdom | Mark Lyall Grant[135]
December 2010  |  United States | Susan Rice[136] and Brooke D. Anderson[137]
January 2011  |  Bosnia and Herzegovina | Ivan Barbalić[138]
February 2011  |  Brazil | Maria Luiza Ribeiro Viotti[139]
March 2011  |  People's Republic of China | Li Baodong[140]
April 2011  |  Colombia | Juan Manuel Santos[141] and Néstor Osorio Londoño[142]
May 2011  |  France | Gérard Araud[143]
June 2011  |  Gabon | Ali Bongo Ondimba,[144] Alfred Moungara Moussotsi,[145] and Emmanuel Issoze-Ngondet[citation needed]
July 2011  |  Germany | Peter Wittig[146] and Guido Westerwelle[147]
August 2011  |  India | Hardeep Singh Puri[148]
September 2011  |  Lebanon | Nawaf Salam,[149] Michel Suleiman,[150] and Najib Mikati[citation needed]
October 2011  |  Nigeria | Joy Ogwu[151]
November 2011  |  Portugal | José Filipe Moraes Cabral[152]
December 2011  |  Russia | Vitaly Churkin[153]
January 2012  |  South Africa | Baso Sangqu[154]
February 2012  |  Togo | Kodjo Menan[155]
March 2012  |  United Kingdom | Mark Lyall Grant[156]
April 2012  |  United States | Susan Rice[157]
May 2012  |  Azerbaijan | Agshin Mehdiyev[158] and Ilham Aliyev[159]
June 2012  |  People's Republic of China | Li Baodong[160] and Wang Min[161]
July 2012  |  Colombia | Néstor Osorio Londoño[162]
August 2012  |  France | Gérard Araud[163]
September 2012  |  Germany | Peter Wittig[164]
October 2012  |  Guatemala | Gert Rosenthal[165] and Harold Caballeros[166]
November 2012  |  India | Hardeep Singh Puri[167]
December 2012  |  Morocco | Mohammed Loulichki[168] and Saad-Eddine El Othmani[169]
January 2013  |  Pakistan | Masood Khan[170] and Hina Rabbani Khar[171]
February 2013  |  Republic of Korea | Kim Sook[172] and Kim Sung-hwan[173]
March 2013  |  Russia | Vitaly Churkin[174]
April 2013  |  Rwanda | Eugène-Richard Gasana[175] and Louise Mushikiwabo[176]
May 2013  |  Togo | Kodjo Menan[177]
June 2013  |  United Kingdom | Mark Lyall Grant[178]
July 2013  |  United States | Rosemary DiCarlo[179]
August 2013  |  Argentina | María Perceval[180] and Agustín Rossi[181]
September 2013  |  Australia | Gary Quinlan[182] and Julie Bishop[183]
October 2013  |  Azerbaijan | Agshin Mehdiyev[184] and Elmar Mammadyarov[185]
November 2013  |  People's Republic of China | Liu Jieyi[186]
December 2013  |  France | Gérard Araud[187] and Alexis Lamek[188]
January 2014  |  Jordan | Zeid Ra'ad Zeid Al-Hussein[189]
February 2014  |  Lithuania | Raimonda Murmokaitė[190] and Linas Antanas Linkevičius[191]
March 2014  |  Luxembourg | Sylvie Lucas[192]
April 2014  |  Nigeria | Joy Ogwu[193]
May 2014  |  South Korea | Oh Joon[194]
June 2014  |  Russian Federation | Vitaly Churkin[195]
July 2014  |  Rwanda | Eugène-Richard Gasana[196]
August 2014  |  United Kingdom | Mark Lyall Grant[197]
September 2014  |  United States | Samantha Power[198]
October 2014  |  Argentina | María Cristina Perceval[199]
November 2014  |  Australia | Gary Quinlan[200]
December 2014  |  Chad | Mahamat Zene Cherif[201]

### 2015–2019

[edit]

Dates | State | Name

|
|

January 2015  |  Chile | Cristian Barros[202]
February 2015  |  China | Liu Jieyi[203]
March 2015  |  France | François Delattre[204]
April 2015  |  Jordan | Dina Kawar[205]
May 2015  |  Lithuania | Raimonda Murmokaitė[206]
June 2015  |  Malaysia | Ramlan Bin Ibrahim[207]
July 2015  |  New Zealand | Gerard van Bohemen[208]
August 2015  |  Nigeria | Joy Ogwu[209]
September 2015  |  Russian Federation | Vitaly Churkin[210]
October 2015  |  Spain | Román Oyarzun Marchesi[211]
November 2015  |  United Kingdom | Matthew Rycroft[212]
December 2015  |  United States | Samantha Power[213]
January 2016  |  Uruguay | Elbio Rosselli[214]
February 2016  |  Venezuela | Rafael Ramírez Carreño[215]
March 2016  |  Angola | Gaspar Martins[216]
April 2016  |  China | Liu Jieyi[217]
May 2016  |  Egypt | Amr Abdellatif Aboulatta[218]
June 2016  |  France | François Delattre[219]
July 2016  |  Japan | Koro Bessho[220]
August 2016  |  Malaysia | Ramlan Bin Ibrahim[221] and Ahmad Zahid Hamidi[222]
September 2016  |  New Zealand | Gerard van Bohemen[223] and John Key[224]
October 2016  |  Russian Federation | Vitaly Churkin[225]
November 2016  |  Senegal | Fodé Seck[226]
December 2016  |  Spain | Román Oyarzun Marchesi[227]
January 2017  |  Sweden | Olof Skoog[228]
February 2017  |  Ukraine | Volodymyr Yelchenko[229]
March 2017  |  United Kingdom | Matthew Rycroft[230][non-primary source needed]
April 2017  |  United States | Nikki Haley
May 2017  |  Uruguay | Elbio Rosselli
June 2017  |  Bolivia | Sacha Llorenty[231]
July 2017  |  China | Liu Jieyi
August 2017  |  Egypt | Amr Abdellatif Aboulatta[232]
September 2017  |  Ethiopia | Tekeda Alemu[233]
October 2017  |  France | François Delattre[234]
November 2017  |  Italy | Sebastiano Cardi[235]
December 2017  |  Japan | Koro Bessho[236]
January 2018  |  Kazakhstan | Kairat Umarov[237]
February 2018  |  Kuwait | Mansour Ayyad Al-Otaibi[238]
March 2018  |  Netherlands | Karel van Oosterom,[239] Sigrid Kaag, Stef Blok and Mark Rutte
April 2018  |  Peru | Gustavo Meza-Cuadra[240]
May 2018  |  Poland | Joanna Wronecka, Andrzej Duda and Jacek Czaputowicz[241]
June 2018  |  Russian Federation | Vasily Nebenzya[242]
July 2018  |  Sweden | Olof Skoog[243]
August 2018  |  United Kingdom | Karen Pierce[244]
September 2018  |  United States | Nikki Haley,[245] Donald Trump, Mike Pompeo
October 2018  |  Bolivia | Sacha Llorenty[246]
November 2018  |  China | Ma Zhaoxu[246]
December 2018  |  Côte D'Ivoire | Kacou Houadja Léon Adom,[247] Alassane Ouattara[248]
January 2019  |  Dominican Republic | José Singer W.,[249] Danilo Medina[249]
February 2019  |  Equatorial Guinea | Anatolio Ndong Mba,[250] Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo[251]
March 2019  |  France | François Delattre[252]
April 2019  |  Germany | Christoph Heusgen[253]
May 2019  |  Indonesia | Dian Triansyah Djani,[254] Retno Marsudi[255]
June 2019  |  Kuwait | Mansour Al-Otaibi, Sabah Al-Khalid Al-Sabah[256]
July 2019  |  Peru | Gustavo Meza-Cuadra, Néstor Bardales[257]
August 2019  |  Poland | Joanna Wronecka
September 2019  |  Russian Federation | Vasily Nebenzya[258]
October 2019  |  South Africa | Jerry Matthews Matjila
November 2019  |  United Kingdom | Karen Pierce
December 2019  |  United States | Kelly Craft[259]

### 2020–2024

[edit]

Dates | State | Name

|
|

January 2020  |  Vietnam | Đặng Đình Quý[260] and Phạm Bình Minh[261]
February 2020  |  Belgium | Marc Pecsteen de Buytswerve[262]
March 2020  |  China | Zhang Jun[263]
April 2020  |  Dominican Republic | José Singer Weisinger[264]
May 2020  |  Estonia | Sven Jürgenson[265]
June 2020  |  France | Nicolas de Rivière[266]
July 2020  |  Germany | Christoph Heusgen[267]
August 2020  |  Indonesia | Dian Triansyah Djani[268]
September 2020  |  Niger | Abdou Abarry[269]
October 2020  |  Russian Federation | Vasily Nebenzya[270]
November 2020  |  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Inga Rhonda King[271]
December 2020  |  South Africa | Jerry Matthews Matjila[272]
January 2021  |  Tunisia | Tarek Ladeb[273]
February 2021  |  United Kingdom | Barbara Woodward[274]
March 2021  |  United States | Linda Thomas-Greenfield[275]
April 2021  |  Vietnam | Đặng Đình Quý, Nguyễn Xuân Phúc and Bùi Thanh Sơn[276]
May 2021  |  China | Zhang Jun
June 2021  |  Estonia | Sven Jürgenson
July 2021  |  France | Nicolas de Rivière and Jean-Yves Le Drian
August 2021  |  India | T. S. Tirumurti and S. Jaishankar
September 2021  |  Ireland | Geraldine Byrne Nason, Micheál Martin and Simon Coveney
October 2021  |  Kenya | Martin Kimani and Raychelle Omamo
November 2021  |  Mexico | Juan Ramón de la Fuente Ramírez, Marcelo Ebrard and Andrés Manuel López Obrador
December 2021  |  Niger | Abdou Abarry
January 2022  |  Norway | Mona Juul and Anniken Huitfeldt
February 2022  |  Russian Federation | Vasily Nebenzya
March 2022  |  United Arab Emirates | Lana Zaki Nusseibeh
April 2022  |  United Kingdom | Barbara Woodward
May 2022  |  United States | Linda Thomas-Greenfield
June 2022  |  Albania | Ferit Hoxha, Olta Xhaçka and Edi Rama
July 2022  |  Brazil | Ronaldo Costa Filho
August 2022  |  China | Zhang Jun
September 2022  |  France | Nicolas de Rivière and Catherine Colonna
October 2022  |  Gabon | Michel Xavier Biang and Michael Moussa-Adamo
November 2022  |  Ghana | Harold Adlai Agyeman
December 2022  |  India | Ruchira Kamboj
January 2023  |  Japan | Ishikane Kimihiro
February 2023  |  Malta | Vanessa Frazier
March 2023  |  Mozambique | Pedro Comissário Afonso
April 2023  |  Russian Federation | Vasily Nebenzya
May 2023  |  Switzerland | Pascale Baeriswyl
June 2023  |  United Arab Emirates | Lana Zaki Nusseibeh
July 2023  |  United Kingdom | Barbara Woodward
August 2023  |  United States | Linda Thomas-Greenfield and Robert A. Wood
September 2023  |  Albania | Ferit Hoxha and Edi Rama
October 2023  |  Brazil | Sérgio França Danese
November 2023  |  China | Zhang Jun
December 2023  |  Ecuador | José de la Gasca[277]
January 2024  |  France | Nicolas de Rivière[278]
February 2024  |  Guyana | Carolyn Rodrigues[279]
March 2024  |  Japan | Yamazaki Kazuyuki[280]
April 2024  |  Malta | Vanessa Frazier[281]
May 2024  |  Mozambique | Pedro Comissário Afonso[282]
June 2024  |  South Korea | Hwang Joon-kook[283]
July 2024  |  Russian Federation | Vasily Nebenzya[284]
August 2024  |  Sierra Leone | Michael Imran Kanu[285]
September 2024  |  Slovenia | Samuel Žbogar[286]
October 2024  |  Switzerland | Pascale Baeriswyl[287]
November 2024  |  United Kingdom | Barbara Woodward[288]
December 2024  |  United States | Linda Thomas-Greenfield, Dorothy Shea and Robert A. Wood

### 2025–2029

[edit]

Dates | State | Name

|
|

January 2025  |  Algeria | Amar Bendjama[289]
February 2025  |  China | Fu Cong[290]
March 2025  |  Denmark | Christina Markus Lassen[291]
April 2025  |  France | Jérôme Bonnafont[292][293]
May 2025  |  Greece | Evangelos C. Sekeris[294]
June 2025  |  Guyana | Carolyn Rodrigues[295]
July 2025  |  Pakistan | Asim Iftikhar Ahmad[296]
August 2025  |  Panama | Eloy Alfaro de Alba
September 2025  |  South Korea | Hwang Joon-kook
October 2025  |  Russian Federation | Vasily Nebenzya
November 2025  |  Sierra Leone | Michael Imran Kanu
December 2025  |  Slovenia | Samuel Žbogar
January 2026  |  Somalia | Abukar Dahir Osman
February 2026  |  United Kingdom | Barbara Woodward
March 2026  |  United States | Dorothy Shea
April 2026  |  Bahrain | Jamal Fares Alrowaiei
May 2026  |  China | Fu Cong
June 2026  |  Colombia | Leonor Zalabata
July 2026  |  Democratic Republic of the Congo |
August 2026  |  Denmark |
September 2026  |  France |
October 2026  |  Greece |
November 2026  |  Latvia |
December 2026  |  Liberia |

### Unusual circumstances

[edit]

In 1961, the United Arab Republic (then a union of Egypt and Syria) was elected to the Security Council. Syria seceded from the union while it was still on the Security Council, but Egypt's official UN name remained the United Arab Republic and it was unaffected.

In August 1984, Upper Volta changed its name to Burkina Faso while president of the Security Council. The rest of its term was unaffected and rotated normally to Zimbabwe in September 1984. Afterward, Burkina Faso was first in English alphabetical order and it became president of the Security Council for a second time that year in October 1984.

In March 1990, South Yemen (officially the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen under D) served as president of the Security Council. Yemeni unification with North Yemen took place in May 1990, with both Yemens being treated as successor states under the name Yemen. After the term of the United States rotated out in November 1990, Yemen served as president of the Security Council for a second time that year in December 1990.

In December 1991, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics officially changed its name to the Russian Federation while president of the Security Council. By coincidence, the alphabetical order was unaffected, the surrounding members being Romania and the United Kingdom.

Rwanda was elected to the Security Council in 1994 and was due to serve its term as president in September 1994; however, its government was overthrown in July 1994 and the replacement government did not appoint a United Nations representative in August 1994. As a result, its term was temporarily skipped and Spain (which was due to serve in October) served in September instead. Rwanda would serve its term at the end of that alphabetical rotation.[297]

## See also

[edit]

* President of the United Nations General Assembly
* President of the United Nations Economic and Social Council

## Notes

[edit]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Security Council Presidency | United Nations Security Council". www.un.org. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
2. ^ Pogany 1982, p. 231.
3. ^ Provisional Rules of Procedure of the United Nations Security Council, Chapter I, Rules 1 and 2 Archived 30 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine
4. ^ Provisional Rules of Procedure of the United Nations Security Council, Chapter II, Rule 7 Archived 30 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine
5. ^ Provisional Rules of Procedure of the United Nations Security Council, Chapter IV, Rule 19 Archived 30 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine
6. ^ Sievers & Daws 2015, p. 120.
7. ^ "UN Security Council: Presidential Statements 2008". Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
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10. ^ Sievers & Daws 2015, pp. 119, 124.
11. ^ a b c Pogany 1982, p. 233.
12. ^ a b c Pogany 1982, p. 232.
13. ^ Sievers & Daws 2015, pp. 111.
14. ^ a b Pogany 1982, p. 234.
15. ^ Sievers & Daws 2015, p. 119.
16. ^ a b c d Sievers & Daws 2015, p. 112.
17. ^ a b Sievers & Daws 2015, p. 114.
18. ^ Nicol 1981, p. 11.
19. ^ Nicol 1981, pp. 32, 34.
20. ^ a b c d e f g h Presidents of the Security Council : 2000–, United Nations. Archived 1 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine
21. ^ Crossette, Barbara (11 January 2000). "Gore Presides Over Rare Security Council Debate on AIDS". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
22. ^ "President Obama Chairs the U.N. Security Council Meeting on Foreign Terrorist Fighters". White House. 24 September 2014. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
23. ^ Provisional Rules of Procedure of the United Nations Security Council, Chapter III, rule 13 Archived 30 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine
24. ^ Nicol 1981, p. 6.
25. ^ United Nations Charter, ch. V Archived 1 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine, s. 30.
26. ^ a b Nicol 1981, pp. 6–7.
27. ^ Provisional Rules of Procedure of the United Nations Security Council, Chapter IV, rule 18 Archived 30 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine
28. ^ a b Sievers & Daws 2015, p. 113.
29. ^ "Presidents (1990-1999) : Security Council (SC) : United Nations (UN)". Archived from the original on 18 October 2012.
30. ^ Bailey 1981, pp. 38–39, 41.
31. ^ a b Pogany 1982, pp. 237–243.
32. ^ a b Sievers & Daws 2015, p. 121-122.
33. ^ Bailey 1981, p. 39.
34. ^ Sievers & Daws 2015, p. 115-116.
35. ^ Nicol 1981, p. 13.
36. ^ Sievers & Daws 2015, p. 124-125.
37. ^ Nicol 1981, p. 7.
38. ^ Nicol 1981, p. 28.
39. ^ Presidents of the Security Council : 1946–1949 Archived 24 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine, United Nations.
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42. ^ a b Presidents of the Security Council : 1970–1979 Archived 18 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine, United Nations.
43. ^ a b Presidents of the Security Council : 1980–1989 Archived 31 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine, United Nations.
44. ^ a b Presidents of the Security Council : 1990–1999 Archived 18 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine, United Nations.
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52. ^ "Security Council Press Statement On Remarks By Iran'S President". United Nations. 9 December 2005. Archived from the original on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2012.
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65. ^ "Security Council Press Statement On Fiji". Archived from the original on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
66. ^ "Security Council Press Statement On Darfur". Archived from the original on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
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69. ^ "Security Council Press Statement On Côte D'Ivoire". Archived from the original on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
70. ^ "Security Council Press Statement On Timor-Leste". Archived from the original on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
71. ^ "Security Council Press Statement On Sudan". Archived from the original on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
72. ^ "Security Council Press Statement On Ethiopia, Eritrea". Archived from the original on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
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74. ^ "Security Council Press Statement On Iraq-Kuwait". Archived from the original on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
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86. ^ "Security Council Press Statement On Burundi". Archived from the original on 2 January 2013. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
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91. ^ "Security Council Strongly Condemns Deadly Terrorist Attack In Lebanon". Archived from the original on 21 April 2013. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
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96. ^ "Security Council Press Statement On Somalia". Archived from the original on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
97. ^ "Security Council Press Statement On Guinea-Bissau". Archived from the original on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
98. ^ "Security Council Press Statement On United Nations Regional Centre For Preventive Diplomacy For Central Asia". Archived from the original on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
99. ^ "SECURITY COUNCIL, EXPRESSING DEEP CONCERN OVER 'CONTINUOUS TERRORIST ATTACKS', CALLS FOR RENEWAL OF GLOBAL SOLIDARITY AGAINST THREAT MANIFESTED AFTER 9/11". Archived from the original on 9 November 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
100. ^ "Adopting Text On Middle East Conflict, Security Council Reaffirms Support For Annapolis Outcomes, Declares Negotiations 'Irreversible'". Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
101. ^ "Security Council Press Statement On Lord'S Resistance Army". Archived from the original on 6 January 2014. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
102. ^ "As Security Council Meets On Gaza, Secretary-General Calls For Swift Ceasefire, Says 'We Must Move From Debate To Action, And Must Do So Immediately'". Archived from the original on 2 June 2014. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
103. ^ "Briefing Security Council, High Commissioner For Refugees Says Situations In Iraq, Somalia Key To Rising Numbers Of Displaced Persons Worldwide". Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
104. ^ "Security Council Press Statement On Iraq Elections". Archived from the original on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
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## Bibliography

[edit]

* Bailey, Sydney Dawson; Daws, Sam (1998). The Procedure of the UN Security Council (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-828073-4.
* Kelsen, Hans (1950). The Law of the United Nations: A Critical Analysis of Its Fundamental Problems. New York: F.A. Praeger.
* Luck, Edward C. (2006). The UN Security Council: A Primer. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-35531-1.
* Nicol, Davidson, ed. (1981). Paths to peace: the UN Security Council and its presidency. Pergamon Press. ISBN 978-0-08-026322-9.
* Nicol, Davidson (1981). "The Security Council". In Nicol, Davidson (ed.). Paths to Peace: The UN Security Council and Its Presidency. Pergamon Press. pp. 3–36\. ISBN 978-0-08-026322-9.
* Bailey, Sydney D. (1981). "The Evolution of the Practice of the Security Council". In Nicol, Davidson (ed.). Paths to Peace: The UN Security Council and Its Presidency. Pergamon Press. pp. 37–47\. ISBN 978-0-08-026322-9.
* Chai, F. Y. (1981). "The Evolution of the Practice of the Security Council". In Nicol, Davidson (ed.). The Scope of Consensus. Pergamon Press. pp. 48–64\. ISBN 978-0-08-026322-9.
* Bishara, Abdalla (1981). "The Vietnam-China-Kampuchea [Cambodia] Conflict, 1979". In Nicol, Davidson (ed.). The Scope of Consensus. Pergamon Press. pp. 67–73\. ISBN 978-0-08-026322-9.
* Pogany, Istvan (1982). "The Role of the President of the U. N. Security Council". The International and Comparative Law Quarterly. 31 (2): 231–245\. doi:10.1093/iclqaj/31.2.231. ISSN 0020-5893. JSTOR 759131.
* Sievers, Loraine; Daws, Sam (2015). The procedure of the UN Security Council. doi:10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199685295.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-180374-1. OCLC 1013608149.

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