Pretenders to the throne of Mexico

The First Mexican Empire, established in 1821, with Agustín de Iturbide proclaimed as Emperor in 1822, was abolished in 1823.[1]

In 1863, the Second Mexican Empire was established after a plebiscite that confirmed the latest proclamation of the empire. Archduke Maximilian of Austria consented to accept the Imperial Crown of Mexico in October 1863[2] and officially on 10 April 1864 under the regnal name of Maximilian I of Mexico.[3] Maximilian and his wife Carlota, having no issue of their own, adopted two of Agustín de Iturbide's grandsons, Agustín de Iturbide y Green and Salvador de Iturbide y de Marzán, who were granted each the (non-hereditary[4]) title Prince de Iturbide with the style of Highness by an imperial decree of 16 September 1865, and were ranked next in line after the reigning family.[4] However, Maximilian never intended to give the crown to the Iturbides[5] (like Napoléon I did with his stepson Eugène de Beauharnais) and it was all a charade directed at his brother Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria, as Maximilian explained himself that "either Karl Ludwig would give him one of his sons as an heir, or else he would bequeath everything to his Iturbide adopted children" as a last resort.[5]

Upon the abolition of the Second Mexican Empire and the execution of Emperor Maximilian I in 1867, pretense to the Mexican Crown passed to and was self-assumed[citation needed] by the said adopted heirs.

The current pretender to the Mexican throne, in right of both the First and Second Empires, is Count Maximilian von Götzen-Iturbide, great-grandson of Salvador de Iturbide y de Marzán.[6][7]

Currently, the heir to the throne of Mexico in the House of Habsburg is Archduke Carl Philip of Habsburg great-grandson of Maximilian I of Mexico born in Mexico, This would have the right in the second based on the inheritance of Karl Ludwig.[8]

## List of claimants to the Mexican throne[edit]

Claimant  | Portrait  | Birth  | Marriages  | Death  | Claim

|
|
|
|
|

Agustín I
1823–1824
(Constitutional Emperor of Mexico 1822–1823)  |  | 27 September 1783, Valladolid
son of José Joaquín de Iturbide
and María Josefa de Arámburu  | Ana María Huarte
27 February 1805
10 children  | 19 July 1824
Padilla
aged 40  | Proclaimed Constitutional Emperor of Mexico on May 19, 1822 [1][unreliable source][6]
Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte
(Agustín II)
1824–1864  |  | 30 September 1807, Valladolid
son of Agustín I
and Ana María Huarte | Unmarried  | 11 December 1866
New York
aged 59  | Son of Agustín I, Voluntarily surrendered claim in favor of Maximiliano I [6]
Maximiliano I
(Emperor of Mexico 1864–1867)  |  | 6 July 1832, Vienna
son of Archduke Franz Karl of Austria
and Princess Sophie of Bavaria | Charlotte of Belgium
27 July 1857
No children  | 19 June 1867
Querétaro City
aged 34  | Proclaimed Emperor of Mexico on June 10, 1864 [citation needed]
Agustín José de Iturbide y Green
(Agustín III)
1867–1925  |  | 2 April 1863, Mexico City
son of Ángel de Iturbide y Huarte
and Alice Green Forrest  |  • Lucy Eleanor Jackson
1894
No children
• Mary Louise Kearney
1915
No children  | 3 March 1925
Washington, D.C.
aged 61  | Grandson of Agustín I, Adopted Son of Maximiliano I [6]
María Josefa de Iturbide y Mikos

1925–1949  |  | 29 February 1872, Mikosdpuszta
daughter of Salvador de Iturbide y Marzán
and Baroness Gizella Mikos  |  • Baron Johann Tunkl von Aschbrunn und Hohenstadt
12 March 1908
2 daughters
• Charles de Carriere
14 April 1923
No children  | November 1949
Deva
aged 77  | Great Granddaughter of Agustín I, Adopted Granddaughter of Maximiliano I [6]
María Gisela Tunkl-Iturbide

1949  |  | 2 October 1912
Temesvár
daughter of María Josefa de Iturbide y Mikos
and Johann Tunkl von Aschbrunn und Hohenstadt  |  • Gustav Adolf von Götzen
8 June 1940
2 children
• Ottavio Stefano della Porta
15 August 1959
No children  | 27 January 1981
Sydney
aged 68  | Daughter of María Josefa, María Gisela (and her sister María Ana), Voluntarily surrendered claim in favor of her son Maximilian von Götzen-Iturbide [6]
Maximilian von Götzen-Iturbide
(Maximiliano II)
1949–present  |  | 2 March 1944
Beszterce
son of María Gisela Tunkl-Iturbide
and Gustav Adolf von Götzen  | Maria Anna de Francecshi
22 September 1990
2 children  |  | Son of María Gisela Tunkl-Iturbide [6][7] |
Carlos Felipe de Habsburgo

(Carlos I)

2011-present

|  | 18 October 1954, Mexico City
son of Felix of Austria and Anna-Eugénie of Arenberg  | Annie-Claire Lacrambe

12 May 1998

2 chilidren

|  | Great-great-nephew of Maximilian I

## See also[edit]

* Prince Imperial of Mexico
* First Mexican Empire
* Second Mexican Empire
* History of Mexico
* House of Iturbide

## References[edit]

1. ^ a b "Primer Imperio Mexicano". La Guía. Retrieved 21 June 2019.
2. ^ Leigh, Phil (4 October 2013). "Maximilian in Mexico".
3. ^ McAllen, M.M. (April 2015). A Lurid Grandeur. Maximilian & Carlota of Mexico. p. 123\. ISBN 978-1-59534-263-8.
4. ^ a b Decreto Imperial del 16 de Septiembre de 1865 (in Spanish) - via Wikisource.
5. ^ a b José Manuel Villalpando, Alejandro Rosas (2011), Presidentes de México, Grupo Planeta Spain, pp. are not numbered, ISBN 9786070707582
6. ^ a b c d e f g "The Genealogy of the House of Iturbide". Imperial House of Mexico. Retrieved 21 June 2019.
7. ^ a b "Don Maximiliano". Imperial House of Mexico. Retrieved 21 June 2019.
8. ^ "#YoMaximiliano: La entrevista con Carlos Felipe de Hasburgo". sdpnoticias. 2017-06-26. Retrieved 2023-12-21.

## External links[edit]

* Imperial House of Mexico

* v
* t
* e

Emperors and pretenders to the throne of Mexico

First Empire|

* Agustín I (1822–1824)
* Prince Imperial Agustín (1824–1864)

Second Empire|

* Maximilian I (1864–1867)

Pretenders|

* Agustín de Iturbide y Green (1867–1925)
* María Josepha Sophia de Iturbide (1925–1949)
* María Ana Tunkl-Iturbide (1949–1962)
* María Gisela Tunkl-Iturbide (1962–1981) Maximilian von Götzen-Iturbide (since 1981)

Habsburg|

* Carlos Felipe de Habsburgo (since 2011)

See also House of Iturbide
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