Prime Minister of Nepal

Head of government of Nepal

For list of prime ministers, see List of prime ministers of Nepal.

Prime Minister of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal

नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री

Emblem of Nepal

Flag of Nepal

Incumbent
K. P. Sharma Oli

since 15 July 2024[1]

Style| The Right Honourable
Status| Head of government
Abbreviation| PM
Member of|

* Council of Ministers of Nepal
* Pratinidhi Sabha

Reports to|

* President of Nepal
* Pratinidhi Sabha

Residence| Baluwatar, Kathmandu[2]
Seat| Singha Durbar, Kathmandu
Appointer| President of Nepal
Term length| Five years
Inaugural holder| Bhimsen Thapa
Formation| 1806; 219 years ago (1806)
Deputy| Deputy Prime Minister of Nepal
Website| www.opmcm.gov.np

Politics of Nepal

Constitution

* Fundamental Rights and Duties
* Human rights
* LGBT rights

Government

* President: Ram Chandra Poudel
* Vice President: Ram Sahaya Yadav

* * *

Executive:

* Prime Minister (list): KP Sharma Oli
* Council of Ministers: Oli IV
* Civil Services
* Cabinet Secretary

* * *

Federal Parliament:

* House of Representatives

Speaker: Dev Raj Ghimire
Deputy Speaker: Indira Ranamagar
House Leader: KP Sharma Oli
Opposition Leader: Pushpa Kamal Dahal
* National Assembly

Chairman: Narayan Prasad Dahal
Vice-Chairperson: Bimala Ghimire
House Leader: Krishna Prasad Sitaula
Opposition Leader: Narayan Kaji Shrestha

* * *

Judiciary:

* Supreme Court

Chief Justice of Nepal: Prakash Man Singh Raut
* District Courts

Elections

* Election Commission
* Political parties
* Recent elections

* Presidential: 2015
* 2018
* 2023

* General: 2017
* 2022
* next

* Provincial: 2017
* 2022

* Local: 2017
* 2022

Federalism

Administrative divisions

* * *

* Provinces

Provincial governments
Provincial Assemblies
Governors
Chief Ministers

* * *

* Local governments

Districts
Municipalities
Rural Municipalities

Foreign relations

* Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Minister: Arzu Rana Deuba

* * *

* Diplomatic missions of / in Nepal

* * *

* Nationality law
* Passport
* Visa requirements
* Visa policy

Related topics

* Democracy movement
* Civil War

Nepal portal

* Other countries

* v
* t
* e

The prime minister of Nepal (Nepali: नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री, romanized: Nēpālakō pradhānamantrī) is the head of government of Nepal. Together with their Council of ministers, The prime minister exercises executive power in the country. The prime minister must enjoy the confidence in the Pratinidhi Sabha before being appointed by the president and shall resign if they are unable to retain the majority in the House.

The residence of the prime minister is in Baluwatar, Kathmandu.[2][3] The seat of the prime minister is Singha Darbar since the time of Chandra Shamsher Jung Bahadur Rana.[4] The incumbent prime minister is KP Sharma Oli of the CPN (UML), in office since 15 July 2024. He was appointed by the President Ram Chandra Poudel as per Article 76(2) of the Constitution of Nepal.[5]

## Introduction

[edit]

The position of prime minister of Nepal (Nepali: नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री, romanized: Nēpālakō pradhānamantrī) in modern form was called by different names at different times of Nepalese history. At the time of the Shah dynasty, either Chautariya, Kaji, or Mulkajis (Chief Kajis) served the function of prime ministers Abhiman Singh Basnyat was first Mulkaji appointed by Bahadur Shah at 1785–1794 after that his nephew Kirtiman Singh Basnyat was appointed as Mulkaji from 1794 – 1801 September after that his younger brother Bakhtawar Singh Basnyat was appointed as Mulkaji in 1801–1803 and after that Damodar Pandey became Mulkaji till February 1803 – March 1804. In 1804, the position of Mukhtiyar was created by Rana Bahadur Shah which carried executive powers of nation.[6] Mukhtiyar is formed from two words: Mukhya and Akhtiyar. Mukhya means Chief,[7] and Akhtiyar means Authority.[8] Altogether it means the "executive head of the state". Mukhtiyar held the position of executive head till adoption of title of prime minister in 1843 A.D.[9]

The first Mukhtiyar to title himself as prime minister, as per the British convention, was the last Mukhtiyar Mathabar Singh Thapa.[9] Mathabar Singh became Mukhtiyar as well as prime minister and Commander-In-Chief of the Nepalese army in November 1843[10] by the declaration of second queen of Rajendra, Queen Rajya Laxmi Devi.[11][note 1] During the Rana dynasty, the position of prime minister was hereditary and the officeholder held additional titles — Maharaja of Lamjung and Kaski, Supreme Commander-in-Chief of Nepal and Grand Master of the Royal Orders of Nepal.

## Earliest Prime Ministers

[edit]

Mukhtiyar Bhimsen Thapa was the first person to be referred to as prime minister by the British.[9] Similarly, historian Chittaranjan Nepali writes that the first institution to hold all state powers was the position of Mukhtiyar which was established after King Rana Bahadur Shah returned to Nepal from Varanasi. However, historians believe that Kaji Damodar Pande was the first person to hold power as a prime minister as the modern system of administration originated in Nepal with the emergence of Damodar Pande.[13] Damodar Pande was the most influential Kaji since the fall of regent Chautariya Bahadur Shah of Nepal from central power in April 1794 by his newly active nephew, King Rana Bahadur Shah.[14]

During the minority of the King Girvan Yuddha, Damodar Pande took over the administration as Mulkaji, or prime minister (1799–1804), with complete control over administration and the power to conduct foreign affairs. He set a significant precedent for later Nepalese history, which has seen a recurring struggle for effective power between king and prime minister. The main policy of Damodar Pande was to protect the young king by keeping his unpredictable father in Banaras and to play off against each other the schemes of the retired king's wives. By 1804 this policy had failed. The former king engineered his return and took over as mukhtiyar.[15][16]

## 1768–1806

[edit]

The character of government in the Kingdom of Nepal was driven from consultative state organ of the previous Gorkha hill principality, known as Bharadar.[17][note 2] These Bharadars were drawn from high caste and politically influential families. For instance Thar Ghar in previous Gorkha hill principality. The nobility of Gorkha was mainly based from Chhetri families and they had a strong presence in civil administration affairs.[18] All of the prime ministers of Nepal between 1768 and 1950 were Chhetris with the exception of Ranga Nath Poudyal, being a Brahmin.[19] Bharadars formed a consultative body in the kingdom for the most important functions of the state as counsellors, ministers and Diplomats.[17] There was no single successful coalition government as court politics were driven from large factional rivalries, consecutive conspiracies and ostracization of opponent Bharadar families through assassination rather than legal expulsion.[17] Another reason was the minority of the reigning King between 1777 and 1847 that led to establishment of anarchial rule.[20] The government was stated to have controlled by regents, Mukhtiyars and alliance of political faction with strong fundamental support.[20] At the end of the 18th century, the central politics was regularly dominated by two notable political factions; Thapas and Pandes.[20] Per historians and contemporary writer Francis Hamilton, the government of Nepal comprised:[note 3]

* 2 Chautariyas
* 4 Kajis
* 4 Sirdar/Sardars
* 2 Subedars
* 1 Khazanchi
* 1 Kapardar.[17]

Per historian Dilli Raman Regmi, the states the government of Nepal were:

* 4 Chautariyas
* 4 Kajis
* 4 Sirdar/Sardars.[17] Later, the number varied after King Rana Bahadur Shah abdicated his throne to minor son in 1799.[17]

### Fall of Bahadur Shah and rise of Damodar Pande (1794–1804)

[edit]

Further information: Pande family

In 1794, King Rana Bahadur Shah came of age and his first act was to re-constitute the government such that his uncle, Prince Bahadur Shah of Nepal, had no official part to play.[21][14] Rana Bahadur appointed Kirtiman Singh Basnyat as Chief (Mul) Kaji among the newly appointed four kajis though Damodar Pande was the most influential Kaji.[14] Kirtiman had succeeded Abhiman Singh Basnyat as Chief Kaji[22] while Prince Bahadur Shah was succeeded as Chief (Mul) Chautariya by Prince Ranodyot Shah, then heir apparent of King Rana Bahadur Shah.[14] Kajis had held the administrative and executive powers of the nation after the fall of Chief Chautariya Prince Bahadur Shah in 1794. Later, Kirtiman Singh was secretly assassinated on 28 September 1801, by the supporters of Raj Rajeshwari Devi[23] and his brother Bakhtawar Singh Basnyat, was then given the post of Chief (Mul) Kaji.[24] During Bakhtawar's tenure as the Mul Kaji, on 28 October 1801, the Treaty of Commerce and Alliance was signed between Nepal and East India Company.[25] Queen Rajrajeshwari was restored as regent of Nepal on 17 December 1802.[26][27] On subsequent February, Damodar Pande was appointed by Queen Rajrajeshwari as Mulkaji (Chief Kaji)[28] as a reward for establishing her regency.[27]

[Damodar Pande] was the most influential Kaji since the fall of regent Chautariya Bahadur Shah of Nepal from central power in April 1794 by his newly active nephew, King Rana Bahadur Shah.[14] By 1797, his relationship with his uncle, who was living a retired life, and who wanted to seek refuge in China on the pretext of meeting the new emperor, had deteriorated to the extent that he ordered his imprisonment on 19 February 1797 and his subsequent murder on 23 June 1797. Similarly, in mid-1795, he became infatuated with a Maithil Brahmin widow, Kantavati Jha, and married her on the oath of making their illegitimate half-caste son (as per the Hindu law of that time) the heir apparent, by excluding the legitimate heir Prince Ranodyot Shah who was born from his previous marriage with a high caste Chhetri, Queen Subarna Prabha Devi.[note 4][14][30] Such acts earned Rana Bahadur notoriety both among courtiers and common people, especially among Brahmins.[14][31] After the inevitable death of Kantavati, Rana Bahadur suffered a mental breakdown during which he lashed out by desecrating temples and cruelly punishing the attendant physicians and astrologers.[32] He then renounced his ascetic life and attempted to re-assert his royal authority.[33] This led to a direct conflict with almost all the courtiers who had pledged a holy oath of allegiance to the legitimate king Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah. This conflict eventually led to the establishment of a dual government and to an imminent civil war, with Damodar Pande leading the military force against the dissenting ex-king and his group.[34][33] Since most of the military officers had sided with Damodar Pande, Rana Bahadur realized that his authority could not be re-established, and he was forced to flee to the British-controlled city of Varanasi in May 1800.[34][33]

### Fall of Damodar Pande and rise of Bhimsen Thapa (1804)

[edit]

As soon as they received the news, Rana Bahadur and his group proceeded towards Kathmandu. Some troops were sent by Kathmandu Durbar to check their progress, but the troops changed their allegiance when they came face to face with the ex-King.[35] Damodar Pande and his men were arrested at Thankot where they were waiting to greet the ex-King with state honors and take him into isolation.[35][36] After Rana Bahadur's reinstatement to power, he started to extract vengeance on those who had tried to keep him in exile.[37] He exiled Rajrajeshwari to Helambu, where she became a Buddhist nun, on the charge of siding with Damodar Pande and colluding with the British.[38][39] Damodar Pande, along with his two eldest sons, who were completely innocent, was executed on 13 March 1804; similarly some members of his faction were tortured and executed without any due trial, while many others managed to escape to India.[note 5][40][39] Rana Bahadur also punished those who did not help him while in exile. Among them was Prithvi Pal Sen, the king of Palpa, who was tricked into imprisonment, while his kingdom forcefully annexed.[41][42] Subarnaprabha and her supporters were released and given a general pardon. Those who had helped Rana Bahadur to return to Kathmandu were lavished with rank, land, and wealth. Bhimsen Thapa was made a second kaji; Ranajit Pande, who was the father-in-law of Bhimsen's brother, was made the Mulkaji; Sher Bahadur Shah, Rana Bahadur's half-brother, was made the Mul Chautariya; while Rangnath Paudel was made the Raj Guru (royal spiritual preceptor).[41][43]

After almost two-year, all of a sudden Rana Bahadur was made Mukhtiyar (chief authority) and Bhimsen tried to implement his schemes through Rana Bahadur.[44] Bhimsen had also secretly learned of a plot to oust Rana Bahadur.[45] Tribhuvan Khawas (Pradhan), a member of Sher Bahadur's faction, was imprisoned on the re-opened charges of conspiracy with the British that led to the Knox's mission, but for which pardon had already been doled out, and was ordered to be executed.[46][47] Tribhuvan Khawas decided to reveal everyone that was involved in the dialogue with the British.[46][47] Among those implicated was Sher Bahadur Shah.[46][47] On the night of 25 April 1806, Rana Bahadur held a meeting at Tribhuvan Khawas's house with rest of the courtiers, during which he taunted and threatened to execute Sher Bahadur.[48][49] At around 10 pm, Sher Bahadur in desperation drew a sword and killed Rana Bahadur Shah before being cut down by nearby courtiers, Bam Shah and Bal Narsingh Kunwar, also allies of Bhimsen.[50][51] The assassination of Rana Bahadur Shah triggered a great massacre in Bhandarkhal (a royal garden east of Kathmandu Durbar) and at the bank of Bishnumati river.[52][53] That very night member of Sher Bahadur's faction – Bidur Shah, Tribhuvan Khawas, and Narsingh Gurung – and even King Prithvipal Sen of Palpa, who was under house arrest in Patan Durbar, were swiftly rounded up and killed in Bhandarkhal.[54][55] Bhimsen managed to kill everyone who did not agree with him or anyone who could potentially become a problem for him in the future. In this massacre that lasted for about two weeks, a total of ninety-three people (16 women and 77 men) died.[54][56]

Almost one and half months before the massacre, upon Bhimsen's insistence, Rana Bahadur, then 31 years old, had married a 14-year-old girl named Tripurasundari on 7 March 1806, making her his fifth legitimate wife.[note 6][59] Taking advantage of the political chaos, Bhimsen became the Mukhtiyar (1806–37), and Tripurasundari was given the title Lalita Tripurasundari and declared regent and Queen Mother (1806–32) of Girvan Yuddha Shah, who was himself 9 years old.[60] Thus, Bhimsen became the first person outside the royal household to hold the position of the Mukhtiyar. All the other wives (except Subarnaprabha[61]) and concubines of Rana Bahadur, along with their handmaidens, were forced to commit sati.[56][62] Bhimsen obtained a royal mandate from Tripurasundari, given in the name of King Girvan, commanding all other courtiers to be obedient to him.[60] Bhimsen further consolidated his power by disenfranchising the old courtiers from the central power by placing them as administrators of far-flung provinces of the country. The courtiers were instead replaced by his close relatives, who were mere yes-men.[63] On the spot where Rana Bahadur Shah drew his last breath, Bhimsen later built a commemorative Shiva temple by the name Rana-Mukteshwar.[64]

## Thapadom and subsequent transition; 1806–1846

[edit]

Further information: Thapa dynasty

Bhimsen Thapa ruled for 31 years as Mukhtiyar and implemented large number of reforms in agriculture, forestry, trade and commerce, judiciary, military, communications, transportations, slavery, human trafficking and other social evils in his premiership. During Bhimsen Thapa's prime ministership, the Gurkha Empire had reached its greatest expanse from Sutlej river in the west to the Teesta river in the east. However, Nepal entered into a disastrous Anglo-Nepalese War with the East India Company lasting from 1814 to 1816, which was concluded with the Treaty of Sugauli, by which Nepal lost almost one-third of its land. It also led to the establishment of a permanent British Residency. The death of King Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah in 1816 before his maturity, and the immature age of his heir, King Rajendra Bikram Shah, coupled with the support from Queen Tripurasundari (the junior queen of Rana Bahadur Shah), allowed him to continue to remain in power even after Nepal's defeat in the Anglo-Nepalese War.

## Rana regime; 1846–1951

[edit]

Main article: Rana dynasty

The Rana regime, founded by Jung Bahadur Rana, began an autocratic and totalitarian rule.

## Democratic rule and subsequent Panchayat rule; 1951–1990

[edit]

Only a handful of Nepalese prime ministers have carried a democratic mandate. The first elected prime minister was B. P. Koirala, in 1959. After he was deposed and imprisoned in 1960, King Mahendra established the Panchayat system and the country did not have a democratic government until 1990.

## Constitutional monarchy; 1990–2008

[edit]

The country became a constitutional monarchy after the Jana Andolan (meaning People's movement).

## Federal Democratic Republic; 2008–present

[edit]

The monarchy was abolished on 28 May 2008 by the 1st Constituent Assembly, and the country was declared a federal democratic republic.

## Powers

[edit]

The prime minister has a more enhanced constitutional role than his counterparts in other parliamentary democracies. This is because Section 75 of the Constitution explicitly vests the executive power of the federal government in the Council of Ministers–of which the prime minister is the leader–not the president. In most other parliamentary republics, the president is at least the nominal chief executive, while being bound by convention to act on the advice of the cabinet. Per Section 76, the prime minister is the chairman of the Council of Ministers and thus exercises executive power collectively with the Council of Ministers.[65]

## Appointment

[edit]

Under part 7, Article 76, of the Constitution,[66] the president is required to appoint the leader of the majority party in the House of Representatives as prime minister. If no party has a majority, the president is required to appoint an MP who has the support of a coalition of parties who between them have a majority in the chamber–in practice, the leader of the senior partner in such a coalition. If no majority coalition can be formed within 30 days of the final result of a parliamentary election, the president is required to appoint the leader of the largest party in the chamber. In the latter cases, the person appointed as prime minister must win a confidence vote within 30 days. However, if a confidence vote is unsuccessful, the president must appoint an MP who can demonstrate command the confidence of the House. In the event that no member can command the confidence of the House within 55 days of the announcement of the final results of the election, new elections must be held within six months.

## Removal

[edit]

The vacation process of the prime minister as per Section 77 (1) of 2015 Constitution of Nepal is as follows:[67]

The prime minister shall cease to hold office in the following circumstances:

1. If he/she tenders written resignation to the president,
2. If a vote of confidence fails to be approved according to Article (100), or a motion of no confidence is passed,
3. If he/she ceases to be a member of the House of Representatives,
4. If he/she dies.

Furthermore, the Section 77 (3) states: If the prime minister ceases to hold the office according to clause (1), the same council of ministers shall continue to work until another council of ministers is constituted, provided that, in the case of the death of the prime minister, the senior most minister shall continue to act as prime minister until a new prime minister is appointed.

## See also

[edit]

* King of Nepal
* List of prime ministers of Nepal
* President of Nepal
* Government of Nepal

## References

[edit]

### Footnotes

[edit]

1. ^ Though he was declared Mukhtiyar and as well as minister and commander-in-chief in November 1843, his appointment letter was issued only on Aswin Badi 7, 1901 (i.e. September 1844). The appointment letter in English translation continues thusly: "From King Rajendra, To Mathbar Singh Thapa Bahadur, son of Nain Singh Thapa, grandson of Ambar Singh Thapa, resident of Gorkha. We hereby appoint you as Mukhtiyar of all civil and administrative affairs throughout our country, as well as Prime Minister, Commander-In-Chief and General with Jagir emoluments amounting to Rs 12,401. Remain in attendance during war and other occasions as commanded by us, be faithful to our salt and utilize the following lands and revenues as your Jagir with due loyalty. (Particulars of lands and revenues follow)."[12]
2. ^ Bharadar translates as 'bearers of burden of state'.
3. ^ Here the government of Nepal can simply be called Bharadari Sabha or Council of Bharadars.
4. ^ Rana Bahadur Shah had two legitimate wives before marrying Kantavati. His first wife was Rajrajeshwori Devi with whom he begot one daughter. His second wife was Subarnaprabha Devi with whom he begot two sons, Ranodyot Shah and Shamsher Shah. Ranodyot Shah was the eldest male heir apparent of Rana Bahadur Shah.[29]
5. ^ Among those who managed to escape to India were Damodar Pande's sons Karbir Pande and Ranjang Pande.[40]
6. ^ While it is generally believed that Tripurasundari was from a Thapa family,[57] Baburam Acharya further conjectured that Tripurasundari was possibly the daughter of Bhimsen's brother Nain Singh Thapa.[58]

### Notes

[edit]

1. ^ "KP Sharma Oli sworn in as prime minister". The Kathmandu Post. 15 July 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
2. ^ a b "PM Deuba shifts to official residence in Baluwatar". thehimalayantimes.com. 19 June 2017. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
3. ^ "Baluwatar vacated – The Himalayan Times". thehimalayantimes.com. 14 October 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
4. ^ "PM's Office – Heritage Tale – ECSNEPAL – The Nepali Way". ecs.com.np. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
5. ^ "President appoints Pushpa Kamal Dahal prime minister". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 26 December 2022.
6. ^ Nepal 2007, p. 314.
7. ^ "English Translation of "मुख्य" – Collins Hindi-English Dictionary". www.collinsdictionary.com. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
8. ^ "English Translation of "अख़्तियार" – Collins Hindi-English Dictionary". www.collinsdictionary.com. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
9. ^ a b c Kandel, Devi Prasad (2011). Pre-Rana Administrative System. Chitwan: Siddhababa Offset Press. p. 95.
10. ^ Regmi 1971, p. 17.
11. ^ Regmi 1971, p. 18.
12. ^ Regmi 1971, p. 24.
13. ^ Regmi 1971, p. 6.
14. ^ a b c d e f g Pradhan 2012, p. 12.
15. ^ Nepal:The Struggle for Power (Sourced to U.S. Library of Congress)
16. ^ The Bloodstained Throne Struggles for Power in Nepal (1775–1914) – Baburam Acharya
17. ^ a b c d e f Pradhan 2012, p. 8.
18. ^ Pahari 1995, p. 632.
19. ^ Raj 1996, p. 5.
20. ^ a b c Pradhan 2012, p. 9.
21. ^ Acharya 2012, p. 14.
22. ^ Karmacharya 2005, p. 56.
23. ^ Acharya 2012, p. 34.
24. ^ Acharya 2012, p. 35.
25. ^ Nepal 2007, p. 51; Amatya 1978; Acharya 2012, pp. 35–36.
26. ^ Acharya 2012, pp. 36–37.
27. ^ a b Karmacharya 1995, p. 64. sfn error: no target: CITEREFKarmacharya1995 (help)
28. ^ Pradhan 2012, p. 14.
29. ^ Acharya 2012, p. 16.
30. ^ Acharya 2012, pp. 16–17.
31. ^ Acharya 2012, pp. 17–21.
32. ^ Acharya 2012, pp. 26–27.
33. ^ a b c Acharya 2012, pp. 28–32.
34. ^ a b Pradhan 2012, p. 13.
35. ^ a b Acharya 2012, pp. 49–55.
36. ^ Nepal 2007, p. 56.
37. ^ Acharya 2012, pp. 54–57.
38. ^ Acharya 2012, p. 57.
39. ^ a b Nepal 2007, p. 57.
40. ^ a b Acharya 2012, p. 54.
41. ^ a b Nepal 2007, p. 58.
42. ^ Acharya 2012, pp. 56, 80–83.
43. ^ Acharya 2012, p. 55.
44. ^ Nepal 2007, pp. 60–61.
45. ^ Pradhan 2012, p. 27.
46. ^ a b c Nepal 2007, p. 61.
47. ^ a b c Acharya 2012, p. 63.
48. ^ Acharya 2012, pp. 64–66.
49. ^ Nepal 2007, p. 62.
50. ^ Acharya 2012, p. 67.
51. ^ Nepal 2007, pp. 62–63.
52. ^ Acharya 2012, pp. 68–71.
53. ^ Nepal 2007, pp. 63–64.
54. ^ a b Acharya 2012, p. 70.
55. ^ Nepal 2007, p. 63.
56. ^ a b Nepal 2007, p. 64.
57. ^ Karmacharya 2005, p. 86.
58. ^ Acharya 2012, p. 3.
59. ^ Acharya 2012, p. 62.
60. ^ a b Acharya 2012, p. 71.
61. ^ Karmacharya 2005, p. 80.
62. ^ Acharya 2012, p. 163.
63. ^ Pradhan 2012, p. 28.
64. ^ Acharya 2012, p. 72.
65. ^ "Part 7 Federal Executive, Section 75 Executive power". Nepal Law Commission. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
66. ^ "Part 7 Federal Executive, Section 76 Constitution of Council of Ministers". Nepal Law Commission. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
67. ^ "Part 7 Federal Executive, Section 77 Vacation of office of Prime Minister and Minister". Nepal Law Commission. Retrieved 23 June 2020.

### Books

[edit]

* Acharya, Baburam (2012), Acharya, Shri Krishna (ed.), Janaral Bhimsen Thapa : Yinko Utthan Tatha Pattan (in Nepali), Kathmandu: Education Book House, p. 228, ISBN 9789937241748
* Nepal, Gyanmani (2007), Nepal ko Mahabharat (in Nepali) (3rd ed.), Kathmandu: Sajha, p. 314, ISBN 9789993325857
* Amatya, Shaphalya (June–November 1978), "The failure of Captain Knox's mission in Nepal" (PDF), Ancient Nepal (46–48), Kathmandu: 9–17, retrieved 11 January 201346–48&rft.pages=9-17&rft.date=1978-06/1978-11&rft.aulast=Amatya&rft.aufirst=Shaphalya&rft_id=http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/ancientnepal/pdf/ancient_nepal_46-48_05.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Prime+Minister+of+Nepal" class="Z3988">
* Pradhan, Kumar L. (2012), Thapa Politics in Nepal: With Special Reference to Bhim Sen Thapa, 1806–1839, New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company, p. 278, ISBN 9788180698132
* Karmacharya, Ganga (2005), Queens in Nepalese Politics: an account of roles of Nepalese queens in state affairs, 1775–1846, Nepal: Educational Publishing House, ISBN 9789994633937
* Pahari, Anup (1995), The Origins, Growth and Dissolution of Feudalism in Nepal: A Contribution to the Debate on Feudalism in Non-European Societies, vol. 4, University of Wisconsin—Madison
* Raj, Prakash A. (1996), Brahmins of Nepal, Nabeen Publications, ISBN 9780785573661
* Regmi, Mahesh Chandra (1971). Regmi Research Series (PDF). Vol. 03\. Regmi Research Centre.
* Shaha, Rishikesh (1990), Modern Nepal 1769–1885, Riverdale Company, ISBN 0-913215-64-3
* Shaha, Rishikesh (2001), An Introduction of Nepal, Kathmandu: Ratna Pustak Bhandar
* D.R. Regmi (1975), Modern Nepal, vol. 1, Firma K.L. Mukhopadhyay, ISBN 0883864916
* Wright, Daniel (1877), History of Nepal, Cambridge University Press

## External links

[edit]

* Office of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers

* v
* t
* e

Prime ministers of Nepal

Kingdom of Nepal
(19th century–1990)|

* Damodar Pande
* Bhimsen Thapa
* Ranga Nath Poudyal
* Chautariya Puskhar Shah
* Rana Jang Pande
* Ranga Nath Poudyal
* Fateh Jung Shah
* Mathabarsingh Thapa
* Fateh Jung Shah
* Jung Bahadur Rana
* Bam Bahadur Kunwar
* Krishna Bahadur Kunwar Rana
* Jung Bahadur Rana
* Renaudip Singh Bahadur
* Bir Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
* Dev Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
* Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
* Bhim Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
* Juddha Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
* Padma Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
* Mohan Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
* 1951 revolution
* Matrika Prasad Koirala
* vacant (1952–53)
* Matrika Prasad Koirala
* vacant (1955–56)
* Tanka Prasad Acharya
* Kunwar Inderjit Singh
* Subarna Shamsher Rana
* Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala
* Tulsi Giri
* Surya Bahadur Thapa
* Tulsi Giri
* Surya Bahadur Thapa
* Kirti Nidhi Bista
* vacant (1970–71)
* Kirti Nidhi Bista
* Nagendra Prasad Rijal
* Tulsi Giri
* Kirti Nidhi Bista
* Surya Bahadur Thapa
* Lokendra Bahadur Chand
* Nagendra Prasad Rijal
* Marich Man Singh Shrestha
* Lokendra Bahadur Chand

Kingdom of Nepal
(1990–2008)|

* Krishna Prasad Bhattarai
* Girija Prasad Koirala
* Man Mohan Adhikari
* Sher Bahadur Deuba
* Lokendra Bahadur Chand
* Surya Bahadur Thapa
* Girija Prasad Koirala
* Krishna Prasad Bhattarai
* Sher Bahadur Deuba
* vacant (2002)
* Lokendra Bahadur Chand
* Surya Bahadur Thapa
* Sher Bahadur Deuba
* vacant (2005–06)
* 2006 revolution
* Girija Prasad Koirala

Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
(2008–present)|

* Dahal I
* Nepal
* Khanal
* Bhattarai
* Regmi
* Koirala
* Oli I
* Dahal II
* Deuba I
* Oli II
* Deuba II
* Dahal III
* Oli III

* v
* t
* e

Nepal articles

History|

| Ancient|

* Bhadrabahu

| Shakya Republic|

* Gautama Buddha
* Maya (mother of Buddha)

|

Kirata kingdom|

* Yalamber

Lichchhavi rule|

* Manadeva
* Amshuverma
* Bhrikuti
* Araniko

Medieval
and
modern|

* Arimalla
* Khasa kingdom
* Baise Rajya
* Chaubisi Rajya
* Newa kingdoms

| Early Shah rule|

* Gorkha Kingdom
* Prithvi Narayan Shah
* Unification
* Kalu Pande
* Kingdom of Nepal
* Monarchs
* Sino-Nepal War
* Bhimsen Thapa
* Anglo-Nepal War
* Balbhadra Kunwar
* Treaty of Sugauli

|

Rana rule|

* Kot massacre
* Jung Bahadur Rana
* Tibetan War (Treaty of Thapathali)
* Lamjang and Kaski
* Tribhuvan
* Nepal–Britain Treaty of 1923

Post-Rana and Panchayat|

* 1951 revolution
* Panchayat system
* Back to the Village campaign

Multi-party democracy|

* Jana Andolan I
* Royal massacre
* 2005 coup d'état
* Civil war
* Jana Andolan II
* 2015 earthquake - April \- May

Geography|

| Mountains|

* Himalayas
* Mount Everest
* Kanchenjunga
* Makalu
* Dhaulagiri
* Manaslu
* Annapurna

|

Areas|

* Cities of Nepal
* Kathmandu Valley
* Terai
* Inner Terai Valleys of Nepal
* Tibetan Plateau
* Siliguri Corridor (Chicken's Neck)

Rivers|

* Arun
* Karnali (Ghaghara)
* Koshi (Kosi)
* Narayani (Gandaki)
* West Rapti

Environment|

* Climate change
* Deforestation
* Protected areas
* Wildlife

Politics|

* Constitution
* Constituent Assembly
* Elections
* Foreign relations
* Military
* Chief of the Army Staff
* Parliament
* Provincial assemblies
* Political parties
* Communism
* Heads of state
* President
* Vice President
* Prime Minister
* list
* Council of Ministers
* Supreme Court
* Chief Justice

| Divisions|

* Districts
* Provinces
* Municipalities
* Rural Municipalities

|

Cities|

* Bharatpur
* Biratnagar
* Birgunj
* Damak
* Hetauda
* Itahari
* Janakpur
* Kathmandu (capital)
* Lalitpur
* Nepalgunj
* Pokhara

Economy|

* Agriculture
* Energy
* Child labour
* Companies
* South Asian Free Trade Area
* Rupee (currency)
* Squatting
* Telecommunications
* Tourism
* Transport
* Workforce

Culture|

* Cuisine (wine)
* Demographics
* Education
* Languages
* Literature
* Music
* Gurkhas/Gorkhas
* International rankings
* Media
* Nepal Academy
* Nepal Academy of Fine Arts
* People
* Ethnic groups
* Public holidays
* Religion
* Hinduism
* Buddhism
* Islam
* Christianity
* Sport

| Festivals|

* Dashain
* Tihar
* Mohani
* Swonti
* Dipankha Yatra
* Eid
* Yomari Punhi
* Gadhimai
* Buddha Jayanti
* Maghe Sankranti
* Udhauli
* Ubhauli
* Gyalpo Lhosar
* Tamu Lhosar
* Sonam Lhosar
* Holi
* Chhath
* Chasok Tangnam
* Chhechu
* Jatra

| Celebrations|

* Nwaran
* Pasni
* Bratabandha
* Ihi
* Bahra
* Shraddha
* Antyesti

|

Issues|

* Abortion
* Witch-hunts
* Capital punishment
* Health
* Human rights
* Intersex
* LGBT
* Women
* Human trafficking

* Outline
* Index
* Bibliography

* Category
* Portal

* v
* t
* e

Prime ministers

Prime ministers
by country|

* Abkhazia
* Afghanistan
* Albania
* Algeria
* Antigua and Barbuda
* Armenia
* Aruba
* Australia
* Azerbaijan
* Bahamas
* Bahrain
* Bangladesh
* Barbados
* Belarus
* Belgium
* Belize
* Bermuda
* Bhutan
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* Burkina Faso
* Burundi
* Cambodia
* Cameroon
* Canada
* Cape Verde
* Central African Republic
* Chad
* China
* Congo (Republic)
* Congo (Democratic Republic)
* Cook Islands
* Croatia
* Cuba
* Curaçao
* Northern Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Djibouti
* Dominica
* Egypt
* Equatorial Guinea
* Estonia
* Ethiopia
* Faroe Islands
* Fiji
* Finland
* France
* Gabon
* Georgia
* Greece
* Greenland
* Grenada
* Guinea
* Guinea-Bissau
* Guyana
* Haiti
* Hungary
* Iceland
* India
* Iraq
* Ireland
* Israel
* Italy
* Jamaica
* Japan
* Jordan
* Kazakhstan
* North Korea
* South Korea
* Kosovo
* Kuwait
* Kyrgyzstan
* Laos
* Latvia
* Lebanon
* Lesotho
* Libya
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Madagascar
* Malaysia
* Mali
* Malta
* Mauritania
* Mauritius
* Moldova
* Mongolia
* Montenegro
* Morocco
* Mozambique
* Myanmar
* Namibia
* Nepal
* Netherlands
* New Zealand
* Niue
* North Macedonia
* Norway
* Pakistan
* Palestine
* Papua New Guinea
* Peru
* Poland
* Portugal
* Qatar
* Romania
* Russia
* Rwanda
* Saint Kitts and Nevis
* Saint Lucia
* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
* Samoa
* São Tomé and Principe
* Saudi Arabia
* Senegal
* Serbia
* Singapore
* Sint Maarten
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Solomon Islands
* Somalia
* South Ossetia
* Spain
* Sri Lanka
* Sudan
* Swaziland
* Sweden
* Syria
* Taiwan
* Tajikistan
* Tanzania
* Thailand
* Timor-Leste
* Tonga
* Trinidad and Tobago
* Tunisia
* Turks and Caicos Islands
* Tuvalu
* Uganda
* Ukraine
* United Arab Emirates
* United Kingdom
* Uzbekistan
* Vanuatu
* Vietnam
* Yemen
* Western Sahara

Defunct title|

* Angola
* Benin
* Brazil
* Comoros
* Gambia
* Ghana
* Indonesia
* Iran
* Kenya
* Malawi
* Maldives
* Nagorno-Karabakh
* Nigeria
* Philippines
* Seychelles
* South Africa
* Turkey
* Turkmenistan
* Zambia
* Zimbabwe

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