Prince Ernst Heinrich of Saxony

Saxon royal (1896–1971)

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages)

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Prince Ernst Heinrich of Saxony" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

This article contains weasel words: vague phrasing that often accompanies biased or unverifiable information. Such statements should be clarified or removed. (June 2024)

|

(Learn how and when to remove this message)

Prince Ernst Heinrich

Prince Ernst Heinrich in 1911

Born| (1896-12-09)9 December 1896
Dresden, Kingdom of Saxony, German Empire
Died| 14 June 1971(1971-06-14) (aged 74)
Edingen-Neckarhausen, Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany
Spouse|

Princess Sophie of Luxembourg

(m. 1921; died 1941)​

Virginia Dulon

(m. 1947)​

Issue| Prince Dedo
Prince Timo
Prince Gero
| Names

German: Ernst Heinrich Ferdinand Franz Joseph Otto Maria Melchiades
English: Ernest Henry Ferdinand Francis Joseph Otto Maria Melchiades
House| Wettin
Father| Frederick Augustus III of Saxony
Mother| Archduchess Luise of Austria, Princess of Tuscany

Prince Ernst Heinrich of Saxony, Duke of Saxony (Ernst Heinrich Ferdinand Franz Joseph Otto Maria Melchiades; 9 December 1896 – 14 June 1971) was a member of the Saxon Royal Family. Ernst Heinrich was the youngest son of the last King of Saxony, Frederick Augustus III, and his wife Archduchess Luise of Austria, Princess of Tuscany. From 1923 through 1945, Ernst Heinrich was Administrative Chief of the association "Haus Wettin – Albertinische Linie e.V.".

## Life

[edit]

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Prince Ernst Heinrich of Saxony" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

Prince Ernst Heinrich of Saxony spent his childhood in Dresden, Pillnitz, and Moritzburg under the parenting of his father. The loss of his mother, who left the family permanently in 1902, affected his father and siblings very deeply, according to their own statements. Ernst Heinrich, who was only six at the time, was possibly the child who felt this loss most.

### World War I

[edit]

Prince Ernst Heinrich in 1906

When World War I broke out, Ernest Heinrich was first lieutenant in the 1st Royal Saxon Leib-Grenadier-Regiment Nr. 100. In September 1914, he became batman in the General Kommando of XIX (2nd Royal Saxon) Corps at Reims and Lille. He did his Abitur during a four-month leave in 1916, then took part in the Battle of the Somme as a member of the staff of the 24th Reserve Division. On 30 August 1916, Ernst Heinrich received the Military Order of St. Henry for merit.

In the spring of 1917, he took over the leadership of the 9th Company of Reserve-Infantry Regiment No. 104 in Berezhany (in eastern Galicia). He was in the hospital for two months in 1917, after which he commanded the 9th Battery of Artillery Regiment No. 115 in the area around Ypres.

Beginning in May 1918, he led the 1st Squadron of Mounted Guard Regiments in Stary Bychow at Dnieper in Russia and, in August of the same year, he was in charge of the Saxon troops in Dorpat, Reval and Finland. In November and December 1918, Ernst Heinrich oversaw the return of Saxon troops to Germany.

### 1920s

[edit]

In 1919 and 1920, Ernst Heinrich learned to administer a manor in Silesia. During the Kapp Putsch in March 1920, he acted as a liaison between the putschists in Berlin and the Reichswehr in Wrocław. After the failure of the putsch, he moved to Munich, where he joined the circle around the former Crown Prince Rupprecht of Bavaria. He married on 12 April 1921 in the Nymphenburg Palace to Sophie (14 February 1902 - 24 May 1941), the youngest sister of Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg and of Rupprecht's wife Princess Antonia of Luxembourg. This was considered a happy marriage; they had three sons.

Ernst Heinrich did not participate in the Beer Hall Putsch on 8 and 9 November 1923 in Munich. He rejected the Nazi ideology consistently and distanced himself from Hitler and Ludendorff. At his father's request, he took over the function of head of the administration of the association House of Wettin -- Albertinische Linie e.V. His father also gave him power of attorney to negotiate with the Free State of Saxony about the future use of the manors owned by the Wettin family and their art collection. On 25 June 1925, a treaty was signed between the Free State and its former ruling dynasty, regulating the relation between the House of Wettin and the Free State, within the context of the law on the subject of 9 July 1924.

In subsequent years, Ernst Heinrich, who was an avid art lover, made several trips to Egypt with his wife and children. In 1928/29, he was approached by Gustav Stresemann of the DVP (the German People's Party), who wanted Ernst Heinrich to stand as a candidate for the federal presidency. Ernst Heinrich considered this a hopeless undertaking and declined.

### Nazi era

[edit]

Ernst Heinrich opposed the Nazis after they formed a government on 30 January 1933. However, he failed to read the political situation correctly. He believed that Hitler could be stopped by the conservative political opposition and, in the spring of 1933, he joined Der Stahlhelm, hoping he could escape the influence of the Nazis. On 1 July 1934, during the Night of the Long Knives, he was arrested. He was interned in the concentration camp in Hohnstein for five days.

After his release, Ernst Heinrich retired to Moritzburg Castle in Saxony. He was an avid hunter and had to keep in touch with Nazi leaders such as Hermann Göring, who, as Master of the Hunt, was interested in the forests owned by the Wettins, and Martin Mutschmann, the Nazi governor of Saxony. In 1938, he received King Carol II of Romania in his castle, and in 1939 he had extensive political discussions with Carl Friedrich Goerdeler, who had been mayor of Leipzig and was later active in the German resistance. A few weeks before the outbreak of World War II, Ernst Heinrich was drafted into the Abwehr group IV in Dresden.

In 1943, he openly expressed doubts that the death of his brother Georg, Crown Prince of Saxony had been an accident. The Gestapo then arrested and questioned him. However, there were no further personal consequences, as the Nazis were still reluctant to confront a member of a former royal family.

Ernst Heinrich was an admirer of the art of Käthe Kollwitz. After she lost her home when Berlin was bombed in 1943, he invited her to move to Moritzburg, where she lived and worked at the Rudenhof, a mansion in the immediate vicinity of the castle, until she died in April 1945.

In February 1945, nearby Dresden was bombed. In March 1945, Ernst Heinrich fled to Sigmaringen to escape the advancing Red Army. Before he left, Ernst Heinrich and his sons buried most of their valuables in 40 crates in the Königswald forest. Most of this treasure was found by the Red Army and carried off to the Soviet Union. However, three crates full of treasure were rediscovered in 1995.[citation needed]

### After the war

[edit]

In 1947, Ernst Heinrich married the actress Virginia Dulon (1910–2002), who styled herself Princess Virginia of Saxony after her marriage. Later that year, he purchased the Coolamber estate in Lismacaffrey (County Westmeath) in Ireland and moved there with his second wife and his sons from his first marriage.

He died in Neckarhausen while visiting West Germany in 1971, without ever having returned to his native Saxony after the war.

## Marriages and issue

[edit]

Ernst Heinrich was first married to Princess Sophie of Luxembourg, sixth and youngest daughter of William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg and his wife Infanta Marie Anne of Portugal, on 12 April 1921 at Schloss Hohenburg. Ernst Heinrich and Sophie had three sons:

* Prince Albrecht Friedrich August Johannes Gregor Dedo of Saxony (born 9 May 1922 in Munich; died 6 December 2009 in Radebeul, Germany).[1] He never married nor had issue.
* Prince Georg Timo Michael Nikolaus Maria of Saxony (born 22 December 1923 in Munich; died 22 April 1982 in Emden). He married three times:
* 1st to Margrit Lucas (1923-1957) on 7 August 1952, by whom he had two children, Rüdiger Karl Ernst Timo Aldi (born 23 December 1953, pretender to the headship of the House of Saxony since 2012) and Iris Hildegard Sophie Margit Gisela (born 21 September 1955);
* 2nd to Charlotte Schwindack (born 1919) in 1966 and divorced in 1973;
* 3rd to Erina Eilts (1921-2010) in 1974;
* Before his marriages, he also had a son by Erika Montanus: Hubertus von Sachsen (born 25 May 1950).[citation needed]
* Prince Rupprecht Hubertus Gero Maria of Saxony (born 12 September 1925 in Munich; died 10 April 2003 in Picton, Ontario, Canada). He never married nor had issue.

Sophie died on 24 May 1941 in Munich of pneumonia.[2] Following her death, Ernst Heinrich married morganatically Virginia Dulon (1910-2002) on 28 June 1947 in Paris. This marriage was without issue.

## Honours

[edit]

* Kingdom of Prussia: Knight of the Order of the Black Eagle[3]
* Kingdom of Saxony: Knight of the Order of the Rue Crown[3]

## Ancestry

[edit]

Ancestors of Prince Ernst Heinrich of Saxony

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8\. John of Saxony

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

| 4\. George of Saxony|

|  |  |
| 9\. Princess Amalie Auguste of Bavaria

| 2\. Frederick Augustus III of Saxony|

|  |  |  |  |
| 10\. Fernando II of Portugal

| 5\. Infanta Maria Ana of Portugal|

|  |  |
| 11\. Maria II of Portugal

| 1\. Prince Ernst Heinrich of Saxony|
|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 12\. Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany

| 6\. Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany|

|  |  |
| 13\. Princess Maria Antonia of the Two Sicilies

| 3\. Archduchess Louise of Austria|

|  |  |  |  |
| 14\. Charles III, Duke of Parma

| 7\. Princess Alice of Bourbon-Parma|

|  |  |
| 15\. Princess Louise of Artois

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

## Publications

[edit]

* Prinz Ernst Heinrich von Sachsen: Mein Lebensweg vom Königsschloss zum Bauernhof, 4th ed, Verlag der Kunst Dresden, Husum, 2010, ISBN 978-3-86530-015-7 (in German)

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Wettiner prinz Dedo ist tot
2. ^ Cause of death: "Geschichte des Hauses Wettin von seinen Anfaengen bis zur Gegenwart" ("History of the House of Wettin From Its Origins To the Present") at http://www.prinz-albert-von-sachsen.de/inhalt/historie/hist_haus_wettin.htm
3. ^ a b Justus Perthes, Almanach de Gotha 1923 (1923) pp. 108-109

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Prince Ernst Heinrich of Saxony.

* Literature by and about Prince Ernst Heinrich of Saxony in the German National Library catalogue

* v
* t
* e

Princes of Saxony

The generations are numbered from the ascension of Frederick I as Elector of Saxony in 1423.

1st generation|

* Frederick II
* William III, Landgrave of Thuringia

2nd generation|

* Ernest
* Albert III

3rd generation|

* Frederick III
* Ernest, Archbishop of Magdeburg
* Albert, Administrator of Mainz
* John
* George
* Henry IV
* Prince Frederick, Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights

4th generation|

* John, Hereditary Prince of Saxony
* Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Saxony
* John Frederick I
* Maurice
* Severinus
* John Ernest
* Augustus

5th generation|

* John Frederick II
* Johann Wilhelm
* John Frederick III
* Christian I

6th generation|

* Christian II
* John George I
* August

7th generation|

* John George II
* Augustus of Saxe-Weissenfels
* Christian I of Saxe-Merseburg
* Maurice of Saxe-Zeitz

8th generation|

* John George III

9th generation|

* John George IV
* Frederick Augustus I

10th generation|

* Frederick Augustus II1

11th generation|

* Frederick Christian1
* Prince Francis Xavier1
* Charles, Duke of Courland1
* Albert, Duke of Teschen1
* Clemens Wenceslaus, Archbishop of Trier1

12th generation|

* Frederick Augustus I
* Anthony I
* Maximilian, Crown Prince

13th generation|

* Frederick Augustus II
* John

14th generation|

* Albert
* George

15th generation|

* Frederick Augustus III
* Prince Johann Georg
* Prince Maximilian
* Prince Albert

16th generation|

* Georg, Crown Prince of Saxony
* Friedrich Christian, Margrave of Meissen
* Prince Ernst Heinrich

17th generation|

* Maria Emanuel, Margrave of Meissen
* Albert, Margrave of Meissen

18th generation|

* Prince Rüdiger
* Prince Alexander

19th generation|

* Prince Daniel

1 also królewicz of Poland and Lithuania

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF
* WorldCat

National|

* Germany
* France
* BnF data

People|

* Deutsche Biographie
* DDB

*[m.]: married
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template