Pro-Europeanism

Favouring European integration

Pro-European participants attending the Pulse of Europe rally in Cologne, Germany (2017) This article is part of a series on

Politics of the European Union

Member states (27)

* Austria
* Belgium
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Ireland
* Italy
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Netherlands
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden

* * *

Candidate countries

* Albania
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Georgia
* Moldova
* Montenegro
* North Macedonia
* Serbia
* Ukraine

* * *

Countries with suspended accession negotiations

* Turkey

* * *

Applicant countries

* Kosovo

* * *

* Special territories
* Belgium–Germany relations
* France–Germany relations
* Germany–Netherlands relations
* EU 3
* Withdrawal from the European Union

* * *

Treaties and Declarations

* Schuman Declaration (1950)
* Treaty of Paris (1951)
* Europe Declaration (1951)
* Spaak Report (1956)
* Treaty of Rome (1957)
* Euratom Treaty (1957)
* Merger Treaty (1965)
* Solemn Declaration (1983)
* Single European Act (1986)
* Maastricht Treaty (1992)
* Treaty of Amsterdam (1997)
* Treaty of Nice (2001)
* Berlin Declaration (2007)
* Treaty of Lisbon (2007)
* Article 7
* Article 50

* * *

Opt-outs

* * *

Treaties of accession

1972, 1979, 1985, 1994, 2003, 2005, 2011

* * *

Treaties of succession

1984, 2020

* * *

Other treaties

* Schengen Agreement (1985)
* European Economic Area Agreement (1992)

* * *

Abandoned treaties and agreements

* European Constitution (2004)
* UK membership renegotiation (2015–2016)

Executive institutions

European Council

* President: Costa (PES)
* Parties
* List of meetings

* * *

European Commission

* Von der Leyen Commission
* President: Von der Leyen (EPP)
* Vice Presidents
* College of Commissioners
* Civil Service
* Secretary-General:  Juhansone

Legislative institutions

* Legislative procedure

* * *

Council of the EU

Presidency

Poland

(January–June 2025)

* * *

Configurations

* GAC
* FAC
* ECOFIN
* Eurogroup
* AGRIFISH
* EPSCO
* COMPET
* TTE
* ENVI
* JHA
* EYC

* * *

* Voting
* Secretariat
* Secretary-General: Thérèse Blanchet
* Directorates-general
* Council preparatory bodies
* COREPER
* Council Working Parties

* * *

European Parliament
(Members)

* President: Metsola
* Largest groups
* EPP (Manfred Weber)
* S&D (Iratxe García)
* Member of the European Parliament
* 10th session (2024–2029)
* Bureau
* Vice Presidents
* Quaestor
* Conference

* * *

National parliaments

Judicial institutions

Court of Justice of the EU

* European Court of Justice
* Members
* Advocates General
* Rulings
* General Court

Auditory institutions

European Court of Auditors

* European Court of Auditors

* * *

Other auditory bodies

* Internal Audit Service of the Commission
* Committee on Budgetary Control of the Parliament
* Economic and Financial Affairs configuration of the Council
* Anti-Fraud Office
* Public Prosecutor's Office

European Central Bank

* President Lagarde
* ESCB
* EMU
* Euro banknotes
* Euro coins

Other bodies

European Investment Bank Group

* Investment Bank
* Investment Fund
* EIB Institute

* * *

European Stability Mechanism

* European Stability Mechanism

* * *

European University Institute

* European University Institute

* * *

Unified Patent Court

* Unified Patent Court

* * *

Agencies, decentralised independent bodies and joint undertakings

* Decentralised agencies of the EU
* Single market agencies
* CFSP agencies
* AFSC agencies
* ESFS European Supervisory Authorities
* SRM bodies
* Executive agencies of the EU
* Euratom agencies
* Decentralised independent bodies of the EU
* European Institute of Innovation and Technology
* European Public Prosecutor's Office
* Corporate bodies of the EU
* European Data Protection Board
* Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations
* Joint undertakings
* of the EU
* of the Euratom

* * *

Other independent bodies

* European Data Protection Supervisor
* European Ombudsman

* * *

Advisory bodies

* European Committee of the Regions
* European Economic and Social Committee
* Political and Security Committee
* European Union Military Committee
* EU/ESA Space Council

* * *

Inter-institutional bodies

* Publications Office of the European Union
* European External Action Service
* European Personnel Selection Office
* Anti-Fraud Office
* European Administrative School

Euratom

Euratom members

* Austria
* Belgium
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Ireland
* Italy
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Netherlands
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden

* * *

Associated states

* Switzerland
* United Kingdom

* * *

* Nuclear power in the European Union

Euratom since 1 January 2021

Economic and Monetary Union

Eurozone members

* Austria
* Belgium
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Ireland
* Italy
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Netherlands
* Portugal
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain

* * *

Eurogroup

* President
* Paschal Donohoe

* * *

Other currencies in use

* Bulgarian lev
* Czech koruna
* Danish krone
* Hungarian forint
* Polish złoty
* Romanian leu
* Swedish krona

* * *

* ERM II
* Enlargement of the eurozone

* * *

Non Euro countries relationship to Euro

* Bulgaria
* Czechia
* Denmark
* Hungary
* Poland
* Sweden
* Romania

Eurozone since 2015

Schengen Area

* Austria
* Belgium
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Italy
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Netherlands
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden

* * *

Non-EU members

* Iceland
* Liechtenstein
* Norway
* Switzerland

* * *

* Prüm Convention
* Schengen Information System
* Visa Information System
* Visa policy of the Schengen Area

* * *

Non-Schengen area EU member states

* Cyprus
* Ireland (Opt-out)

Schengen Area from January 2023

European Economic Area

EEA members

* Austria
* Belgium
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Ireland
* Italy
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Netherlands
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden

* * *

Non-EU members

* Iceland
* Liechtenstein
* Norway

* * *

Topics

* EEA Joint Committee
* EEA National Identity cards
* Microstates and the European Union

European Economic Area

Elections

* Elections to the European Parliament
* European parties
* European foundations
* Political groups of the European Parliament
* Spitzenkandidat
* Constituencies
* Apportionment
* Referendums related to the EU

* * *

European elections

* 1979
* 1984
* 1989
* 1994
* 1999
* 2004
* 2009
* 2014
* 2019
* 2024 (latest election)

* * *

Elections in EU member states

* Austria
* Belgium
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Ireland
* Italy
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Netherlands
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden

Law

* Acquis
* Primacy (ECJ Case 6/64)
* Subsidiarity
* Regulation
* Directive
* Decision
* Recommendation
* Fundamental Rights

Policies and issues

* Budget
* Customs Union
* Free Trade Agreements
* European Single Market
* Area of FS&J
* Policies
* Agricultural
* Energy
* Fisheries
* Regional
* Citizenship
* Passports of the European Union
* Identity
* Pro-Europeanism
* Euroscepticism
* European banking union
* European Banking Supervision
* Single Resolution Mechanism
* Capital Markets Union
* European System of Financial Supervision
* Institutional seats of the European Union
* Integration
* Supranationalism
* European Federation
* Multi-speed Europe
* Enhanced cooperation

Foreign relations

High Representative

* Kaja Kallas

* * *

* Ext. Action Service
* Foreign Policy
* Defence Policy

* * *

Foreign relations of EU member states

* Austria
* Belgium
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Ireland
* Italy
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Netherlands
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden

* * *

* Argentina–European Union relations
* Armenia–European Union relations
* Australia–European Union relations
* Brazil–European Union relations
* Canada–European Union relations
* China–European Union relations
* European Union–NATO relations
* Georgia–European Union relations
* Iceland–European Union relations
* Kazakhstan–European Union relations
* Japan–European Union relations
* Mexico–European Union relations
* Moldova–European Union relations
* Norway–European Union relations
* Russia–European Union relations
* Switzerland–European Union relations
* Turkey–European Union relations
* Ukraine–European Union relations
* United Kingdom–European Union relations (History)
* Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European Union
* Brexit
* United States–European Union relations

* * *

* Common Travel Area (Ireland)
* Microstates and the European Union
* European Union and the United Nations
* European Union Association Agreement

* * *

* G7
* G20

Defunct bodies

* European Communities (1958–1993)

European Coal and Steel Community
European Economic Community
* European Community
* Western European Union
* Convention on the Future of Europe

European Union portal

* Other countries

* v
* t
* e

Pro-Europeanism, sometimes called European Unionism,[1][2] is a political position that favours European integration and membership of the European Union (EU).[3] The opposite of Pro-Europeanism is Euroscepticism.

## Political position

[edit]

Percentage responding that their country on balance benefited from being a member of the EU at Eurobarometer 2023:[4]

91–100%

81–90%

71–80%

61–70%

51–60%

|

Pro-Europeans are mostly classified as centrist (Renew Europe) in the context of European politics, including centre-right liberal conservatives (EPP Group) and centre-left social democrats (S&D and Greens/EFA). Pro-Europeanism is ideologically closely related to the European and Global liberal movement.[5][6][7][8]

## Pro-EU political parties

[edit]

Main article: List of pro-European political parties

### Pan-European level

[edit]

* EU: Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party,[9] European Free Alliance,[10] European Green Party,[11] European People's Party,[9] Party of European Socialists,[9] Volt Europa[12]

### Within the EU

[edit]

* Austria: Austrian People's Party,[13] Social Democratic Party of Austria,[14] NEOS – The New Austria,[15] The Greens – The Green Alternative, Volt Austria
* Belgium: Reformist Mouvement, Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats,[16] Socialist Party, Vooruit, Christian Democratic and Flemish, Les Engagés, Ecolo, Green, Democratic Federalist Independent, New Flemish Alliance, Volt Belgium
* Bulgaria: We Continue the Change, Yes, Bulgaria!, Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria,[17] Union of Democratic Forces,[18][19][17] Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria,[17] Bulgarian Socialist Party (factions),[20][21] Volt Bulgaria, Republicans for Bulgaria,[22] Stand Up.BG, United People's Party, Bulgaria for Citizens Movement, Movement 21
* Croatia: Croatian Democratic Union,[23] Social Democratic Party of Croatia, Croatian Peasant Party, Istrian Democratic Assembly, Croatian People's Party – Liberal Democrats, Civic Liberal Alliance, People's Party – Reformists, Croatian Social Liberal Party, Centre
* Cyprus: Democratic Rally, Democratic Party, Movement for Social Democracy, Democratic Alignment, New Wave – The Other Cyprus, Volt Cyprus
* Czech Republic: Mayors and Independents, TOP 09,[24] Czech Pirate Party,[25] KDU-ČSL,[26] Social Democracy,[27] Green Party,[28] Volt Czech Republic
* Denmark: Social Democrats,[29] Venstre,[30] Danish Social Liberal Party,[31] Conservative People's Party,[32] Moderates, Volt Denmark
* Estonia: Estonian Reform Party, Estonian Social Democratic Party,[33] Estonia 200, Isamaa, Estonian Greens
* Finland: National Coalition Party, Social Democratic Party of Finland, Centre Party, Green League, Swedish People's Party of Finland
* France: Renaissance, Democratic Movement, The Republicans, Socialist Party, Public Place, Radical Party of the Left, Europe Ecology – The Greens, The New Democrats, Génération.s, Radical Party, Union of Democrats and Independents, New Deal, Agir, En Commun, Horizons, Territories of Progress, Progressive Federation, Centrist Alliance, The Centrists, Ecologist Party, Democratic European Force, Volt France
* Germany: Christian Democratic Union, Social Democratic Party of Germany, Alliance 90/The Greens, Free Democratic Party, Christian Social Union in Bavaria, Die PARTEI,[34] Volt Germany
* Greece: New Democracy, PASOK – Movement for Change, Syriza, Union of Centrists, Movement of Democratic Socialists, Volt Greece
* Hungary: Respect and Freedom Party, Democratic Coalition, Jobbik, Hungarian Socialist Party, Momentum Movement, Dialogue – The Greens' Party, LMP – Hungary's Green Party, Hungarian Liberal Party, New Start
* Ireland: Fine Gael, Fianna Fáil, Labour Party, Social Democrats, Green Party, Volt Ireland
* Italy: Democratic Party, Forza Italia, Italia Viva, Italian Left, More Europe, Volt Italy, Civic Commitment, Action, Italian Socialist Party, Social Democrats, Italian Republican Party, Solidary Democracy, Green Europe, Italian Radicals, Possible, Us of the Centre, Europeanists, Centrists for Europe, Moderates, Article One, European Republicans Movement, Forza Europa, Liberal Democratic Alliance for Italy, Alliance of the Centre (Italy), èViva, Sicilian Socialist Party, Team K
* Latvia: Unity, The Progressives, For Latvia's Development, Movement For!, The Conservatives
* Lithuania: Homeland Union, Social Democratic Party of Lithuania, Liberals' Movement, Union of Democrats "For Lithuania", Freedom Party, Lithuanian Green Party
* Luxembourg: Christian Social People's Party, Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party, Democratic Party, The Greens, Volt Luxembourg
* Malta: Nationalist Party, Labour Party (factions), AD+PD, Volt Malta
* Netherlands: People's Party for Freedom and Democracy, Labour Party, New Social Contract, Democrats 66, Christian Democratic Appeal, GroenLinks, Volt Netherlands
* Poland: Civic Platform, Poland 2050, Polish People's Party, New Left, .Modern, Left Together, Your Movement, The Greens, Polish Initiative, Union of European Democrats, Polish Socialist Party[35]
* Portugal: Social Democratic Party, Socialist Party, Liberal Initiative, LIVRE, People–Animals–Nature Party, Volt Portugal
* Romania: Save Romania Union, National Liberal Party, Social Democratic Party, Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania, People's Movement Party, Renewing Romania's European Project, PRO Romania,[36] Green Party, NOW Party, Volt Romania
* Slovakia: Progressive Slovakia, Christian Democratic Movement, Slovakia, Democrats, For the People, Voice – Social Democracy, Hungarian Alliance, Volt Slovakia
* Slovenia: Freedom Movement, Social Democrats,[37] New Slovenia,[38] Democratic Party of Pensioners of Slovenia, Slovenian People's Party[39]
* Spain: People's Party, Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, Citizens, Volt Spain
* Sweden: Swedish Social Democratic Party[citation needed], Moderate Party[citation needed], Centre Party[citation needed], Liberals, Christian Democrats[citation needed], Volt Sweden

### Outside the EU

[edit]

* Albania: Democratic Party of Albania, Socialist Party of Albania, Freedom Party of Albania, Libra Party, Social Democratic Party of Albania, Republican Party of Albania, Unity for Human Rights Party, Party of the Vlachs of Albania, Volt Albania
* Armenia: Armenian Democratic Liberal Party, Armenian National Movement Party, Bright Armenia, Christian-Democratic Rebirth Party, Civil Contract, Conservative Party, European Party of Armenia, For The Republic Party, Free Democrats, Heritage, Liberal Democratic Union of Armenia, Meritocratic Party of Armenia, National Progress Party of Armenia, People's Party of Armenia, Republic Party, Rule of Law, Sasna Tsrer Pan-Armenian Party, Social Democrat Hunchakian Party, Sovereign Armenia Party, Union for National Self-Determination
* Belarus: Belarusian Christian Democracy, BPF Party, United Democratic Forces of Belarus, Party of Freedom and Progress, United Civic Party of Belarus, Belarusian Social Democratic Party (Assembly), Belarusian Social Democratic Assembly
* Bosnia and Herzegovina: Party of Democratic Action, Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Social Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Democratic Front, People and Justice, Party of Democratic Progress, Our Party, People's European Union, For New Generations, Union for a Better Future, Independent Bloc
* Georgia: United National Movement, Ahali, For Georgia, Lelo, European Georgia, Girchi - More Freedom, Strategy Aghmashenebeli, Republican Party of Georgia, Georgian Labour Party, For the People, Citizens, Droa, Free Democrats, For Justice, Tavisupleba, State for the People, National Democratic Party, Solidarity Alliance of Georgia
* Iceland: Social Democratic Alliance, Viðreisn
* Kosovo: Alliance for the Future of Kosovo,[40] Democratic League of Kosovo, Partia e Fortë
* Moldova: Party of Action and Solidarity, National Alternative Movement, Liberal Party, European Social Democratic Party, Liberal Democratic Party, European People's Party, Pro Moldova, People's Party of the Republic of Moldova
* Montenegro: Europe Now!, Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro, Social Democratic Party of Montenegro, DEMOS, United Reform Action, Democratic Montenegro, Socialist People's Party, Liberal Party, Social Democrats, Bosniak Party, Civis, We won't give up Montenegro
* North Macedonia: Social Democratic Union, BESA, New Social Democratic Party, Democratic Union for Integration, Alliance for Albanians, Liberal Democratic Party, VMRO-NP
* Norway: Conservative Party, Labour Party (factions), Liberal Party[41]
* Russia: Yabloko, People's Freedom Party, Green Alternative, Russia of the Future, Democratic Party of Russia
* San Marino: Civic 10, Euro-Populars for San Marino, Future Republic, Party of Democrats, Party of Socialists and Democrats,[42] Sammarineses for Freedom, Socialist Party,[43] Union for the Republic[44]
* Serbia: Democratic Party, Social Democratic Party, Liberal Democratic Party, Movement of Free Citizens, People's Party, New Party, Serbian Progressive Party, Social Democratic Party of Serbia, Party of Freedom and Justice, Together for Serbia, Serbia 21, Civic Democratic Forum, Party of Modern Serbia, Movement for Reversal
* Switzerland: Social Democratic Party of Switzerland (factions), Green Party of Switzerland (factions), Green Liberal Party of Switzerland, Volt Switzerland
* Turkey: Democracy and Progress Party, Democratic Left Party, Democrat Party, Future Party, Good Party, Homeland Party, Liberal Democratic Party, Peoples' Democratic Party, Peoples' Equality and Democracy Party, Republican People's Party
* Ukraine: Servant of the People, Fatherland, European Solidarity, Voice, Self Reliance, Ukrainian People's Party, Our Ukraine, European Party of Ukraine, People's Front, Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform, Volt Ukraine
* United Kingdom: Liberal Democrats,[45][46] Green Party of England and Wales,[47] Scottish National Party (SNP),[48] Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP),[49] Scottish Greens,[50] Women's Equality Party,[51] Alliance Party of Northern Ireland,[52] Green Party Northern Ireland,[53] Plaid Cymru, Mebyon Kernow,[54] Alliance EPP: European People's Party UK,[55] Volt UK, Animal Welfare Party[56]

## Pro-EU newspapers and magazines

[edit]

Note: Media outside of Europe may also be included.

* Denmark: Dagbladet Børsen, Politiken
* France: Le Figaro,[57][58] Le Monde,[59] Le Parisien
* Germany: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung,[60] Der Spiegel, Süddeutsche Zeitung,[60] Der Tagesspiegel
* Hungary: Blikk
* Ireland: The Irish Times[61]
* Italy: Corriere della Sera, la Repubblica, La Stampa
* Japan: Chunichi Shimbun, Mainichi Shimbun
* Poland: Gazeta Wyborcza, Polityka
* South Korea: The Hankyoreh[62]
* Spain: El Confidencial, El País, El Mundo
* United Kingdom: Financial Times,[63] The Independent, The Guardian, The New European, The Economist

## Multinational European partnerships

[edit]

Main article: European integration

* Council of Europe: an international organization whose stated aim is to uphold human rights, democracy, rule of law in Europe and to promote European culture. It has 46 member states.
* European Political Community: an intergovernmental forum for political and strategic discussions about the future of Europe.
* Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe: the world's largest security-oriented intergovernmental organization, with 57 participating states mostly in Europe and the Northern Hemisphere.
* Paneuropean Union: the oldest European unification movement.

## See also

[edit]

* Eastern Partnership
* Euromyth
* European Federalist Party
* European Union as an emerging superpower
* Europeanism
* Eurosphere
* Eurovoc
* Euronest Parliamentary Assembly
* Federal Europe
* Federalisation of the European Union
* Liberalism in Europe
* List of European federalist political parties
* Pan-European identity
* Pan-Europeanism
* Politics of Europe
* Potential enlargement of the European Union
* Pulse of Europe Initiative
* United States of Europe
* Volt Europa
* WhyEurope

Portals:

* European Union
* Europe
* Politics

## References

[edit]

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2. ^ Sadurski, Wojciech. Spreading Democracy and the Rule of Law?. Springer Science & Business Media, 2006. pp.51, 55
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49. ^ McDonnell, Alasdair (10 June 2016). "McDonnell Brexit Address". Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP). Retrieved 29 September 2017.
50. ^ Greer, Ross (22 February 2016). "Now is the time to fight to stay in Europe ... and to reform it from the left, not the right as Cameron plans". Green Party of Scotland. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
51. ^ Walker, Sophie (26 July 2018). "Overconfident men brought us Brexit. It's not too late for women to fix it". The Guardian. Opinion. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
52. ^ Hughes, Brendan (22 February 2016). "EU referendum: Where Northern Ireland parties stand". The Irish News. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
53. ^ "Green Party Manifesto (2017, Westminster)" (PDF). Green Party Northern Ireland. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 August 2018. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
54. ^ "A reformed Europe – Policies and Manifesto". Mebyon Kernow. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
55. ^ "What we believe". UK European People's Party. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
56. ^ "Vision". Animal Welfare Party. 16 April 2010. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
57. ^ Manuela Caiani, Simona Guerra, ed. (2014). Euroscepticism, Democracy and the Media: Communicating Europe, Contesting Europe. Springer. p. 113.
58. ^ John Lloyd, Cristina Marconi, ed. (2014). Reporting the EU: News, Media and the European Institutions. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 68\. ISBN 9780857724595. "In France, the big newspapers remain pro-European, notwithstanding the large success in the polls of the anti-EU movement led by Marine Le Pen – though the main paper of the centre right, Le Figaro, is now more critical."
59. ^ Élisabeth Le, ed. (2021). Degrees of European Belonging: The fuzzy areas between us and them. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 37\. ISBN 9789027260192. "In these circumstances, it is particularly interesting to investigate how the pro-European Le Monde constructs the concept of "Europe" (i.e. who belongs and who does not) ..."
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63. ^ Peter J. Anderson, Tony Weymouth, ed. (2014). Insulting the Public?: The British Press and the European Union. Routledge. p. 103\. ISBN 9781317882831. "The Financial Times Having looked at two of the leading pro-European broadsheets, it is time to examine the discourse of the third, and in many ways the most pro-European, that of the Financial Times."

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