ProDigi

Japanese reel-to-reel digital tape format

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Mitsubishi's ProDigi was a professional audio, reel-to-reel, digital audio tape format with a stationary head position, similar to Sony's Digital Audio Stationary Head, which competed against ProDigi when the format was available in the mid-1980s through the early 1990s. Audio was digitally recorded linearly on the tape and is guarded by a powerful error correction scheme of cyclic redundancy checks to ensure integrity of the signal even if data is lost during playback. ProDigi recorders were available in 2-track variations, which used 1/4" tape; 32-track variations, which used 1" tape, and a 16-track version using 1/2" tape. All of the machines require the use of metal particle tape.

2-track recorders (1/4"):

* X-86
* X-86HS (capable of recording and playing back at 88.2 kHz and 96 kHz sample rates as well as the X-86's 44.1 kHz and 48 kHz)
* X-86C (for "compatible"; the X-86C could play back 50.4 kHz tapes made on the X-80 as well as normal X-86 tapes)

16-track recorder (1/2"):

* X-400

32 track recorders (1"):

* X-800
* X-850
* X-880
* Otari DTR-900 (an X-850, rebadged for Otari).

Mitsubishi and Otari collaborated on the design of the X-850 and X-880. The tape transport of both machines was derived from the Otari MTR90 Mk II, modified to handle 1" tape. Some mechanical parts were interchangeable between the X-850 and MTR90, the PC cards in the transport control section were manufactured by Otari and with two exceptions (the capstan servo and master CPU cards) were interchangeable between the Mitsubishi and Otari machines. The section of the X-850 service manual concerning transport adjustments was a verbatim reprint of the corresponding section of the MTR90 service manual.

The ProDigi format was extremely popular for recording country music. Specifically, at studios in Nashville, Tennessee, where nearly all of the large recording studios used ProDigi machines.[citation needed] The format fell from favor by the mid-1990s with the popularity of Digidesign's Pro Tools hard drive-based multi-track recording, editing, and mixing system.

## X-80

[edit]

The Mitsubishi X-80 2-track 1/4 inch digital recorder from 1980 predated the ProDigi format and has many similarities, although it used an unusual 50.4 kHz sample rate, and is not directly compatible. However, Mitsubishi did build the capability to play back tapes created on an X-80 into the X-86 series machines. Only 200 X-80s were manufactured.

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Physical audio recording formats

Mechanical|

* Music box cylinder or disc (9th century)
* Mechanical cuckoo (early 17th century)
* Punched card (1881)
* Music roll (1883)

Analog|

| Grooved surface|

* Phonautogram (1857)

|

Grooved cylinder|

* Phonograph cylinder (1877)
* Graphophone/Dictaphone cylinder (1887)
* Perfected phonograph/Ediphone (1888)
* Salon cylinder (1890s)
* Stentor cylinder (1890s)
* Le Céleste cylinder (1890s)
* Gold moulded record (1902)
* Indestructible record (1907)
* Amberol record (1908)
* Blue Amberol record (1912)
* Paradis cylinder (1913)

Grooved disc|

* Phonograph record (1889)
* Pathé disc (1905)
* Diamond disc (1912)
* Pathé Actuelle (1920)
* Edison Voicewriter (late 1940s)
* SoundScriber (1945)
* Audograph (1945)
* Long play (1948)
* Highway Hi-Fi (1956)
* Bandai 8ban (2004)

Grooved tape|

* Tefiphon/Teficord (early 1930s), Tefifon
* Dictabelt (1947)

Sound-on-film|

* Phonofilm (1919)
* Tri-Ergon (1922)
* Movietone (1926)
* Photophone (1929)
* Fantasound (1940)

Loose magnetic wire|

* Wire recording (1898)

Magnetic wire cartridge|

* Lorenz Textophon (1942)
* US Army RD-11B/GNQ-1 (1944)
* Cosmos Industries MX-303A/ANQ-1 (1944)
* RCA MI-12875 (1947)
* RCA MI-12877 (1947)
* Peirce 265B (1951)
* Peirce 330/360 (1951)
* Protona Minifon P51 (1951)
* Protona Minifon P55 (1955)
* Protona Minifon special (1961)
* Crouzet-Jaeger cartridge (1962)

Magnetic surface|

* Magnetic stripe card (1900)

* Telefunken magnetic disc (1945)
* Thermionic Products Recordon (1948)
* Record Maker Pye (1953)
* Synchrofax (1959)
* Audio High Density (1978)

Loose (reel-to-reel) magnetic tape|

* Blattnerphone (1928)
* Magnetophon (1935)
* 1/4" tape (1949)
* 1/2" tape (1953)
* Fullcoat magfilm (1953)
* Stripe magfilm (1953)
* 1" tape (1957)
* 2" tape (1967)
* 3/4" tape (1969)
* 3" tape (1978)

Magnetic tape cartridge & cassette|

* Optaphon (1951)
* Cousino Echo-matic (1952)
* Mohawk Message repeater cartridge (1953)
* Stenorette (1954)
* Mohawk Midgetape RL (1955)
* Dictaphone Dictet (1957)
* Rediffusion Reditune (1957)
* Saba Sabafon (1958)
* RCA tape cartridge (1958)
* Philips EL 3581 (1958)
* Protona Attaché (1959)
* Fidelipac (1959)
* Cousino MR-9000 (1960)
* IBM Magnabelt (1961)
* Dictaphone Travel master (1961)
* Nippon Electronic Vity cassette (1961)
* Grundig Cassette LFH 0084 (1962)
* Orrtronic Tapette (1962)
* 3M Scotch (1962)
* Cousino Echo-matic II (1962)
* Stereo-Pak (1962)
* Philips EL 3583 (1963)
* Compact Cassette (1963)
* Grundig En3 (1964)
* Sabamobil (1964)
* 8-track (1964)
* Micro pack 35 (1964)
* Assmann-Stuzzi Memocord (1965)
* Cantata 700 (1965)
* DC-International (1965)
* Nippon Electronic Memo-call (1965)
* PlayTape (1966)
* Muntz Stereo Mini-twin (1967)
* Grundig DeJ614 (1968)
* Microcassette (1969)
* Sanyo tape cartridge (1969)
* HiPac (1971)
* Steno-Cassette (1971)
* Stenorette DL (1972)
* Capitol Records Audiopak (1972)
* Elcaset (1976)
* Bandai micro cartridge (late 1980s)
* Picocassette (1985)
* Pocket Rockers (1988)

Analog-to-digital converter|

* Soundstream (1976)
* X80/ProDigi (1980)
* DASH (1982)
* PCM adaptor (1982)
* DTRS (1993)

Digital|

| Magnetic tape cartridge & cassette|

* Digital Audio Tape (1987)
* NT (1992)
* Digital Compact Cassette (1992)

|

Sound-on-film|

* DD (1986)
* CDS (1990)
* SDDS (1993)

Optical disc|

* Compact Disc Digital Audio (1982)
* Philips CD-BGM (1989)
* MiniDisc (1992)
* DTS (1993)
* HDCD (1995)
* Super Audio CD (1999)
* DVD-Audio (2000)
* DataPlay (2002)
* Hi-MD (2004)
* DualDisc (2004)
* BD-Audio (2008)
* HFPA (2013)
* MQA-CD (2014)

Electronic circuit|

* Sound chip (late 1970s)
* MP3 player (1996)
* HitClips (2000)
* Yaboom Box (1999)
* Takara E-kara (2001)
* Toymax VJ Starz (2002)
* USB flash drive (2004)
* MicroSD (2007)

Hybrid|

* Mini-cassette (1967)
* U-matic (1971)
* Pioneer Artists Compact LaserDisc (1986)
* CD Video (1987)
* ADAT (1991)
* Timecode vinyl (2001)
* VinylDisc (2007)

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