Progressive Party (Iceland)

Political party in Iceland

Progressive Party

Framsóknarflokkurinn

Chairperson| Sigurður Ingi Jóhannsson
Vice-chairperson| Lilja Dögg Alfreðsdóttir
Chairperson of the municipal council| Elín Líndal
Founded| 16 December 1916
Merger of|

* Farmers' Party
* Independent Farmers

Headquarters| Hverfisgata 33,
101 Reykjavík
Youth wing| Association of Young People in the Progressive Party
Ideology|

* Agrarianism (Nordic)[1][2][3]
* Liberalism[1][4]
* Liberal conservatism[3]

Political position| Centre[5] to centre-right[6]
International affiliation| Liberal International
Nordic affiliation| Centre Group
Colours|     Green
Seats in Parliament|

5 / 63

Election symbol
Website
xb.is
framsokn.is

* Politics of Iceland
* Political parties
* Elections

The Progressive Party (Icelandic: Framsóknarflokkurinn, FSF) is an agrarian[1][2] political party in Iceland.

For most of its history, the Progressive Party has governed with the Independence Party. From 30 November 2017 until the 2024 election, the party was a coalition partner in the Bjarni Benediktsson government. The current chairman of the party is Sigurður Ingi Jóhannsson who was elected on 2 October 2016. His predecessor was Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson, who was elected on 18 January 2009 and was Prime Minister of Iceland from 23 May 2013 to 5 April 2016.

Throughout most of the 20th century, the party entered into coalitions with parties on both the Left and Right on the Icelandic political spectrum.[7][8]

## History

[edit]

The Progressive Party was founded to represent Iceland's farmer class, which went from being dominant from settlement to the late 19th century to rapidly dwindling in the early 20th century as a result of industrialization and urbanization. Its primary support still comes from the rural areas of Iceland and its policy roots still stem from its origin as an agrarian party, although it has since come to self-identify as a liberal party, though this is disputed outside of the party. It was founded in 1916 as a merger of two agrarian parties,[9] the Farmers' Party (Bændaflokkur) and the Independent Farmers (Óháðir bændur). In 1956 the party almost agreed to an aborted merger with the Social Democratic Party.[10] Throughout Iceland's history as a self-governing and independent nation, the Progressive Party has most often been the second largest political party in the country.[11] It has often joined government coalitions with either the Independence Party on the centre-right, or with centre-left parties.[12] During the period 1927–1990, the Progressive Party held the prime minister post for thirty years and spent more than two-thirds of the time in coalition government.[11]

### 1970s

[edit]

Following the 1971 parliamentary election, the Progressive Party formed a government with the People's Alliance and Union of Liberals and Leftists, with Progressive Party chairman Ólafur Jóhannesson serving as prime minister.[13]

The 1974 parliamentary election led to a coalition government of the Independence Party and Progressive Party led by Geir Hallgrímsson.[13]

The 1978 parliamentary election returned Ólafur Jóhannesson to the role of prime minister, leading a coalition containing the Progressive Party, People's Alliance and Social Democratic Party after two months of coalition negotiations.[13]

The snap 1979 parliamentary election caused by the withdrawal of the Social Democrats from government led to a new government being formed in February 1980 by the Independence Party of Prime Minister Gunnar Thoroddsen, Progressive Party and People's Alliance.[13]

### 1980s

[edit]

The 1983 parliamentary election resulted in Progressive Party leader Steingrímur Hermannsson becoming prime minister in coalition with the Independence Party.[13]

The 1987 parliamentary election in May saw a coalition being formed in July of that year led by Thorsteinn Pálsson of the Independence Party, with the Progressive Party and Social Democratic Party as junior partners. However, in September 1988, a new government was formed by the Progressive Party's Steingrímur Hermannsson with the Social Democrats and People's Alliance.[13]

### 1990s

[edit]

Following the 1991 parliamentary election, the Progressive Party was in opposition, with the government being formed by Independence Party leader Davíð Oddsson.[13]

In the 1995 parliamentary election, Davíð Oddsson remained as prime minister, with the Progressive Party returning to government as junior coalition partner to the Independence Party, a coalition which continued after the 1999 election.[13]

### 2000s

[edit]

In the 2003 parliamentary election, the Progressive Party received 17.2% of the vote and 12 seats in the Althing.[1] On 15 September 2004, Halldór Ásgrímsson of the Progressive Party took over as prime minister from Davíð Oddsson.[1] Halldór Ásgrímsson announced his intention to resign on 5 June 2006 following the party's poor results in the 2006 municipal elections. The coalition remained allied with the Independence Party chairman, Geir H. Haarde, as prime minister. The Progressive Party leader Jón Sigurðsson was Minister of Industry and Commerce, until a coalition of the Independence Party and the Social Democratic Alliance took over after the elections in 2007.

In the 2007 parliamentary election, the party dropped five seats to hold only seven seats, down from twelve. The coalition only held a one-seat majority in the Althing, and the Independence Party formed a coalition government with the Social Democratic Alliance with the deal being signed on 22 May, returning the Progressive Party to the opposition. When a centre-left minority government was formed in February 2009, in the wake of the 2008–2011 Icelandic financial crisis, the Progressive Party agreed to defend it from a no-confidence vote, but did not form part of the governing coalition.[14]

In January 2009, it decided to change its party line on joining the European Union (EU) from being opposed to being in favour of EU accession, but with very strong caveats.[15][16] The party later changed its policy to one of firm opposition to EU membership.[17] In the wake of the 2008–2011 Icelandic financial crisis, the Progressive Party became more populist. According to political scientist Eiríkur Bergmann, "a completely renewed leadership took over the country’s old agrarian party, the Progressive Party (Framsóknarflokkurinn— PP), which was rapidly retuned in a more populist direction; geared against foreign creditors, international institutions and eventually partly towards anti- Muslim rhetoric, which until then had been absent in the country—there is no significant Muslim minority in Iceland. Under the new post-crisis leader- ship, the Progressive Party thus moved closer to populist parties in Europe."[18]

In the 2009 parliamentary election, the Progressive Party fared somewhat better, securing 14.8% of the vote, and increasing its number of seats from seven to nine. It remained in opposition, however, with a centre-left coalition of the Social Democratic Alliance and the Left-Green Movement continuing to govern with an increased majority.[19]

### 2010s

[edit]

In the 2013 parliamentary election, the Progressive Party reached second place nationally, winning 24.4% of the vote and 19 seats. Following the election, a centre-right coalition government was formed between the Progressive Party and Independence Party, Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson of the Progressive Party appointed as prime minister.[20] Sigmundur Davíð was ousted as leader of the party shortly after he was implicated in scandal and ethical quandaries in the Panama Papers release.[21]

The Progressive Party split in 2017 when Sigmundur Davíð created his own party, the Centre Party (Miðflokkurinn).[22]

### 2020s

[edit]

After the 2021 parliamentary election, the new government was, just like the previous government, a tri-party coalition of the Independence Party, the Progressive Party and the Left-Green Movement, headed by Prime Minister Katrín Jakobsdóttir of Left-Green Movement.[23]

## Election results

[edit]

Election  | Leader  | Votes  | %  | Seats  | +/–  | Position  | Government

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1919 | Ólafur Briem  | 3,115  | 22.19  |

11 / 40

| New  |  3rd  | Opposition
1923 | Þorleifur Jónsson  | 8,062  | 26.55  |

15 / 42

|  4  |  2nd  | Coalition
1927 | Tryggvi Þórhallsson | 9,532  | 29.78  |

19 / 42

|  4  |  1st  | Coalition
1931 | 13,844  | 35.92  |

23 / 42

|  4  |  1st  | Majority
1933 | Ásgeir Ásgeirsson | 8,530  | 23.91  |

17 / 42

|  6  |  2nd  | Coalition
1934 | Hermann Jónasson | 11,377  | 21.91  |

15 / 49

|  2  |  2nd  | Coalition
1937 | Jónas frá Hriflu | 14,556  | 24.92  |

19 / 49

|  4  |  1st  | Minority
1942 (Jul) | 16,033  | 27.58  |

20 / 49

|  1  |  1st  | Opposition
1942 (Oct) | 15,869  | 26.60  |

15 / 52

|  5  |  2nd  | Opposition
1946 | Hermann Jónasson | 15,429  | 23.06  |

13 / 52

|  2  |  2nd  | Opposition
1949 | 17,659  | 24.45  |

17 / 52

|  4  |  2nd  | Opposition
1953 | 16,959  | 21.91  |

16 / 52

|  1  |  2nd  | Coalition
1956 | 12,925  | 15.63  |

17 / 52

|  1  |  2nd  | Coalition
1959 (Jun) | 23,061  | 27.20  |

19 / 52

|  2  |  2nd  | Opposition
1959 (Oct) | 21,882  | 25.71  |

17 / 60

|  2  |  2nd  | Opposition
1963 | Eysteinn Jónsson | 25,217  | 28.222  |

19 / 60

|  2  |  2nd  | Opposition
1967 | 27,029  | 28.13  |

18 / 60

|  1  |  2nd  | Opposition
1971 | Ólafur Jóhannesson | 26,645  | 25.28  |

17 / 60

|  1  |  2nd  | Coalition
1974 | 28,381  | 24.87  |

17 / 60

|  0  |  2nd  | Coalition
1978 | 20,656  | 16.90  |

12 / 60

|  5  |  4th  | Coalition
1979 | Steingrímur Hermannsson | 30,861  | 24.94  |

17 / 60

|  5  |  2nd  | Opposition
1983 | 24,754  | 19.05  |

14 / 60

|  3  |  2nd  | Coalition
1987 | 28,902  | 18.92  |

13 / 63

|  1  |  2nd  | Coalition
1991 | 29,866  | 18.93  |

13 / 63

|  0  |  2nd  | Opposition
1995 | Halldór Ásgrímsson | 38,485  | 23.32  |

15 / 63

|  2  |  2nd  | Coalition
1999 | 30,415  | 18.35  |

12 / 63

|  3  |  3rd  | Coalition
2003 | 32,484  | 17.73  |

12 / 63

|  0  |  3rd  | Coalition
2007 | Jón Sigurðsson | 21,350  | 11.72  |

7 / 63

|  5  |  4th  | Opposition
2009 | Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson | 27,699  | 14.80  |

9 / 63

|  2  |  4th  | Opposition
2013 | 46,173  | 24.43  |

19 / 63

|  10  |  2nd  | Coalition
2016 | Sigurður Ingi Jóhannsson | 21,791  | 11.49  |

8 / 63

|  11  |  4th  | Opposition
2017 | 21,016  | 10.71  |

8 / 63

|  0  |  4th  | Coalition
2021 | 34,501  | 17.27  |

13 / 63

|  5  |  2nd  | Coalition
2024 | 16,578  | 7.80  |

5 / 63

|  8  |  6th  | Opposition

## Members of Parliament

[edit]

Until the elections in 2024, the Progressive Party had thirteen members of parliament.[24]

Member of Parliament | Since | Title | Constituency

|
|
|

Sigurður Ingi Jóhannsson |  | 2009  | Party Chair

Minister of Infrastructure

| South
Lilja Dögg Alfreðsdóttir |  | 2016  | Party Vice-chair

Minister of Culture and Business

| Reykjavik South
Ásmundur Einar Daðason |  | 2017  | Party Secretary

Minister of Education and Children affairs

| Reykjavik North
Willum Þór Þórsson |  | 2017  | Minister of Health  | Southwest
Ingibjörg Isaksen |  | 2021  | Leader of the Parliamentary Group  | Northeast
Stefán Vagn Stefánsson |  | 2021  |  | Northwest
Lilja Rannveig Sigurgeirsdóttir |  | 2021  |  | Northwest
Halla Signý Kristjánsdóttir |  | 2017  |  | Northwest
Jóhann Friðrik Friðriksson |  | 2021  |  | South
Hafdís Hrönn Hafsteinsdóttir |  | 2021  |  | South
Ágúst Bjarni Garðarsson |  | 2021  |  | Southwest
Líneik Anna Sævarsdóttir |  | 2017  |  | Northeast
Þórarinn Ingi Pétursson |  | 2021  |  | Northeast

## Leadership

[edit]

Nº  | Chairman  | Took office  | Left office  | Prime Ministry

|
|
|
|

1  |  | Ólafur Briem
(1851–1925) | 1916  | 1920  |
2  |  | Sveinn Ólafsson
(1863–1949) | 1920  | 1922  |
3  |  | Þorleifur Jónsson
(1864–1956) | 1922  | 1928  |
4  |  | Tryggvi Þórhallsson
(1889–1935) | 1928  | 1932  | 1927-1932
5  |  | Ásgeir Ásgeirsson
(1894–1972) | 1932  | 1933  | 1932-1934
6  |  | Sigurður Kristinsson
(1880–1963) | 1933  | 1934  |
7  |  | Jónas Jónsson
(1885–1968) | 1934  | 1944  |
8  |  | Hermann Jónasson
(1896–1976) | 1944  | 1962  | 1934-1942,

1956-1958

9  |  | Eysteinn Jónsson
(1906–1993) | 1962  | 1968  |
10  |  | Ólafur Jóhannesson
(1913–1984) | 1968  | 1979  | 1971-1974,

1978-1979

11  |  | Steingrímur Hermannsson
(1928–2010) | 1979  | 1994  | 1983-1987,

1988-1991

12  |  | Halldór Ásgrímsson
(1947–2015) | 1994  | 2006  | 2004-2006
13  |  | Jón Sigurðsson
(1946–2021) | 2006  | 2007  |
14  |  | Guðni Ágústsson
(born 1949) | 2007  | 2008  |
15  |  | Valgerður Sverrisdóttir
(born 1950) | 2008  | 2009  |
16  |  | Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson
(born 1975) | 2009  | 2016  | 2013-2016
17  |  | Sigurður Ingi Jóhannsson
(born 1962) | 2016  | Present  | 2016-2017

### Members of the party who served as prime minister but not as leader

[edit]

Prime Minister  | Took office  | Left office

|
|

| Steingrímur Steinþórsson
(1893–1966) | 1950  | 1953

## See also

[edit]

* Independence Party (Iceland)
* Nordic agrarian parties
* Liberalism in Europe
* Liberalism worldwide
* List of liberal parties

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d e Svante Ersson; Jan-Erik Lane (1999). Politics and Society in Western Europe. SAGE. p. 108\. ISBN 978-0-7619-5862-8. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
2. ^ a b Christina Bergqvist (1999). Christina Bergqvist (ed.). Equal Democracies?: Gender and Politics in the Nordic Countries. Nordic Council of Ministers. p. 320\. ISBN 978-82-00-12799-4.
3. ^ a b "Wahlcheck: Das wollen Islands Parteien". Deutsch-Isländische Gesellschaft Bremerhaven/Bremen. 11 September 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
4. ^ Gunnar Karlsson (2000). Iceland's 1100 Years: The History of a Marginal Society. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 303\. ISBN 978-1-85065-420-9.
5. ^ "Politics in Iceland: A beginner's guide".
6. ^ "Elections '17: Who Are Iceland's Political Parties & Who Will Lead Next?". The Reykjavík Grapevine. 30 October 2017.
7. ^ "Eru Vinstri græn hin nýja Framsókn?". miðjan.is (in Icelandic). 26 August 2020. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
8. ^ "Vg er að ná gömlu lykilstöðu framsóknar". www.hringbraut.is. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
9. ^ Hans Slomp (2011). Europe, A Political Profile: An American Companion to European Politics [2 volumes]: An American Companion to European Politics. ABC-CLIO. p. 680\. ISBN 978-0-313-39182-8.
10. ^ Nick Sitter; Agnes Batory (2008). "Protectionism, Populism or Participation?". In Aleks Szczerbiak; Paul Taggart (eds.). Opposing Europe?: The Comparative Party Politics of Euroscepticism: Volume 2: Comparative and Theoretical Perspectives. OUP Oxford. pp. 54–55\. ISBN 978-0-19-925835-2.
11. ^ a b Gunnar Helgi Kristinsson (2017). "The Icelandic Progressive Party: Trawling for the Town Vote?". In David Arter (ed.). From Farmyard to City Square? The Electoral Adaptation of the Nordic Agrarian Parties. doi:10.4324/9781315254937. ISBN 9781315254937.
12. ^ Eiríkur Bergmann Einarsson (2014). Iceland and the International Financial Crisis: Boom, Bust and Recovery. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 34\. ISBN 978-1-137-33200-4.
13. ^ a b c d e f g h Europa Publications (2003). A Political Chronology of Europe. Routledge. pp. 116–118\. ISBN 978-1-135-35687-3.
14. ^ "Iceland's Government Discusses Continued Coalition". Iceland Review Online. 27 April 2009. Retrieved 30 April 2009.
15. ^ Baldur Thorhallsson (2013). "The Icelandic Crash and its Consequences: A Small State without Economic and Political Shelter". In Anders Wivel; Robert Steinmetz (eds.). Small States in Europe: Challenges and Opportunities. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 211\. ISBN 978-1-4094-9958-9.
16. ^ Progressives support Iceland EU entry Archived 14 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine IceNews, 17 January 2009
17. ^ Progressive Party General Meeting: No to EU Iceland Review Online. 9 February 2013. Accessed 14 March 2013
18. ^ Bergmann, Eirikur (1 January 2017). "Iceland: Ever-Lasting Independence Struggle". Nordic Nationalism and Right-Wing Populist Politics. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 93–124\. doi:10.1057/978-1-137-56703-1_4. ISBN 9781137567024.
19. ^ "Iceland's PM: Optimistic after Talks with Left-Greens". Iceland Review Online. Archived from the original on 30 May 2012. Retrieved 30 April 2009.
20. ^ "New Government Divvies Up The Ministries". The Reykjavík Grapevine. 22 May 2013. Archived from the original on 15 September 2013. Retrieved 22 May 2013.
21. ^ grapevine.is (3 October 2016). "Sigmundur Davíð Unseated As Progressive Chair - The Reykjavik Grapevine". The Reykjavik Grapevine. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
22. ^ grapevine.is (29 September 2017). "Elections 2017: Disgraced Former PM Out-Polling Party He Left - The Reykjavik Grapevine". The Reykjavik Grapevine. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
23. ^ "New Government of Iceland Takes Office". Iceland Monitor. 29 November 2021.
24. ^ "Framsóknarflokkurinn". Alþingi (in Icelandic). Retrieved 8 November 2022.

## External links

[edit]

* Progressive Party official site

* v
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