Protein 4.1

Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

EPB41

| Available structures

PDB| Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
| List of PDB id codes

1GG3, 2RQ1, 3QIJ

Identifiers
Aliases| EPB41, erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1, 4.1R, EL1, HE
External IDs| OMIM: 130500; MGI: 95401; HomoloGene: 44324; GeneCards: EPB41; OMA:EPB41 - orthologs
| Gene location (Human)

Chr.| Chromosome 1 (human)[1]

Band| 1p35.3| Start| 28,887,091 bp[1]
End| 29,120,046 bp[1]
| Gene location (Mouse)

Chr.| Chromosome 4 (mouse)[2]

Band| 4 D2.3|4 64.54 cM| Start| 131,923,413 bp[2]
End| 132,075,321 bp[2]
| RNA expression pattern

Bgee| | Human| Mouse (ortholog)

|

| Top expressed in

* trabecular bone

* cerebellar hemisphere

* right hemisphere of cerebellum

* epithelium of colon

* tonsil

* blood

* amniotic fluid

* epithelium of nasopharynx

* monocyte

* bone marrow

| Top expressed in

* blood

* neural layer of retina

* genital tubercle

* tail of embryo

* tibiofemoral joint

* fetal liver hematopoietic progenitor cell

* zygote

* ventricular zone

* cerebellar cortex

* lens

More reference expression data
BioGPS| |

More reference expression data
| Gene ontology

Molecular function|

* spectrin binding
* structural molecule activity
* calmodulin binding
* cytoskeletal protein binding
* 1-phosphatidylinositol binding
* structural constituent of cytoskeleton
* protein binding
* actin binding
* protein C-terminus binding
* protein N-terminus binding
* phosphoprotein binding

Cellular component|

* membrane
* cortical cytoskeleton
* cell junction
* cell cortex
* spectrin-associated cytoskeleton
* cytoskeleton
* nucleus
* cytoplasm
* cytosol
* cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane
* postsynaptic density
* plasma membrane
* cell cortex region
* protein-containing complex
* basolateral plasma membrane

Biological process|

* positive regulation of protein binding
* cortical actin cytoskeleton organization
* actin cytoskeleton organization
* actomyosin structure organization
* regulation of cell shape
* positive regulation of protein localization to cell cortex
* cell cycle
* cell division
* protein-containing complex assembly
* regulation of calcium ion transport
* regulation of intestinal absorption

Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
| Orthologs

Species| Human| Mouse
Entrez| |

2035

269587

Ensembl| |

ENSG00000159023

ENSMUSG00000028906

UniProt| |

P11171

P48193

RefSeq (mRNA)| | NM_001166005
NM_001166006
NM_001166007
NM_004437
NM_203342

NM_203343
NM_001376013
NM_001376014
NM_001376015
NM_001376016
NM_001376017
NM_001376018
NM_001376019
NM_001376020
NM_001376021
NM_001376022
NM_001376023
NM_001376024
NM_001376025
NM_001376026
NM_001376027
NM_001376028

NM_001128606
NM_001128607
NM_183428

RefSeq (protein)| | NP_001159477
NP_001159478
NP_001159479
NP_004428
NP_976217

NP_976218
NP_001362942
NP_001362943
NP_001362944
NP_001362945
NP_001362946
NP_001362947
NP_001362948
NP_001362949
NP_001362950
NP_001362951
NP_001362952
NP_001362953
NP_001362954
NP_001362955
NP_001362956
NP_001362957

NP_001122078
NP_001122079
NP_906273

Location (UCSC)| Chr 1: 28.89 – 29.12 Mb| Chr 4: 131.92 – 132.08 Mb
PubMed search| [3]| [4]
Wikidata
| View/Edit Human| View/Edit Mouse

|

Protein 4.1, (Erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1), is a protein associated with the cytoskeleton that in humans is encoded by the EPB41 gene. Protein 4.1 is a major structural element of the erythrocyte membrane skeleton. It plays a key role in regulating membrane physical properties of mechanical stability and deformability by stabilizing spectrin-actin interaction. Protein 4.1 (80 kD) interacts with spectrin and short actin filaments to form the erythrocyte membrane skeleton. Mutations of spectrin and protein 4.1 are associated with elliptocytosis or spherocytosis and anemia of varying severity.

## Clinical significance

[edit]

A schematic diagram representing the relationships between cytoskeletal molecules as relevant to hereditary elliptocytosis.

Elliptocytosis is a hematologic disorder characterized by elliptically shaped erythrocytes and a variable degree of hemolytic anemia. Inherited as an autosomal dominant, elliptocytosis results from mutation in any one of several genes encoding proteins of the red cell membrane skeleton. The form discussed here is the one found in the 1950s to be linked to Rh blood group and more recently shown to be caused by a defect in protein 4.1. 'Rh-unlinked' forms of elliptocytosis are caused by mutation in the alpha-spectrin gene (MIM 182860), the beta-spectrin gene (MIM 182870), or the band 3 gene (MIM 109270) [supplied by OMIM].[5]

## Interactions

[edit]

Protein 4.1 has been shown to interact with:

* CENPJ,[6]
* EIF3G[7]
* NUMA1,[8] and
* TJP2.[9]

## See also

[edit]

* Elliptocytosis

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000159023 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000028906 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. ^ "Entrez Gene: EPB41 erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 (elliptocytosis 1, RH-linked)".
6. ^ Hung LY, Tang CJ, Tang TK (October 2000). "Protein 4.1 R-135 interacts with a novel centrosomal protein (CPAP) which is associated with the gamma-tubulin complex". Mol. Cell. Biol. 20 (20): 7813–25\. doi:10.1128/mcb.20.20.7813-7825.2000. PMC 86375. PMID 11003675.
7. ^ Hou CL, Tang Cj, Roffler SR, Tang TK (July 2000). "Protein 4.1R binding to eIF3-p44 suggests an interaction between the cytoskeletal network and the translation apparatus". Blood. 96 (2): 747–53\. doi:10.1182/blood.V96.2.747.014k19_747_753. PMID 10887144.
8. ^ Mattagajasingh SN, Huang SC, Hartenstein JS, Snyder M, Marchesi VT, Benz EJ (April 1999). "A nonerythroid isoform of protein 4.1R interacts with the nuclear mitotic apparatus (NuMA) protein". J. Cell Biol. 145 (1): 29–43\. doi:10.1083/jcb.145.1.29. PMC 2148212. PMID 10189366.
9. ^ Mattagajasingh SN, Huang SC, Hartenstein JS, Benz EJ (September 2000). "Characterization of the interaction between protein 4.1R and ZO-2. A possible link between the tight junction and the actin cytoskeleton". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (39): 30573–85\. doi:10.1074/jbc.M004578200. PMID 10874042.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Conboy JG (1993). "Structure, function, and molecular genetics of erythroid membrane skeletal protein 4.1 in normal and abnormal red blood cells". Semin. Hematol. 30 (1): 58–73\. PMID 8434260.
* Calinisan V, Gravem D, Chen RP, Brittin S, Mohandas N, Lecomte MC, Gascard P (2006). "New insights into potential functions for the protein 4.1 superfamily of proteins in kidney epithelium". Front. Biosci. 11: 1646–66\. doi:10.2741/1911. PMID 16368544. S2CID 26325962.
* Dalla Venezia N, Gilsanz F, Alloisio N, Ducluzeau MT, Benz EJ, Delaunay J (1992). "Homozygous 4.1(-) hereditary elliptocytosis associated with a point mutation in the downstream initiation codon of protein 4.1 gene". J. Clin. Invest. 90 (5): 1713–7\. doi:10.1172/JCI116044. PMC 443228. PMID 1430200.
* Jöns T, Drenckhahn D (1992). "Identification of the binding interface involved in linkage of cytoskeletal protein 4.1 to the erythrocyte anion exchanger". EMBO J. 11 (8): 2863–7\. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05354.x. PMC 556766. PMID 1639060.
* Subrahmanyam G, Bertics PJ, Anderson RA (1991). "Phosphorylation of protein 4.1 on tyrosine-418 modulates its function in vitro". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88 (12): 5222–6\. Bibcode:1991PNAS...88.5222S. doi:10.1073/pnas.88.12.5222. PMC 51844. PMID 1647028.
* Conboy JG, Chan JY, Chasis JA, Kan YW, Mohandas N (1991). "Tissue- and development-specific alternative RNA splicing regulates expression of multiple isoforms of erythroid membrane protein 4.1". J. Biol. Chem. 266 (13): 8273–80\. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)92973-X. PMID 2022644.
* Horne WC, Prinz WC, Tang EK (1990). "Identification of two cAMP-dependent phosphorylation sites on erythrocyte protein 4.1". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1055 (1): 87–92\. doi:10.1016/0167-4889(90)90095-U. PMID 2171679.
* Conboy J, Marchesi S, Kim R, Agre P, Kan YW, Mohandas N (1990). "Molecular analysis of insertion/deletion mutations in protein 4.1 in elliptocytosis. II. Determination of molecular genetic origins of rearrangements". J. Clin. Invest. 86 (2): 524–30\. doi:10.1172/JCI114739. PMC 296755. PMID 2384598.
* Inaba M, Maede Y (1989). "O-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine moiety on discrete peptide of multiple protein 4.1 isoforms regulated by alternative pathways". J. Biol. Chem. 264 (30): 18149–55\. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)84689-6. PMID 2808371.
* Korsgren C, Cohen CM (1988). "Associations of human erythrocyte band 4.2. Binding to ankyrin and to the cytoplasmic domain of band 3". J. Biol. Chem. 263 (21): 10212–8\. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)81500-4. PMID 2968981.
* Conboy JG, Chan J, Mohandas N, Kan YW (1988). "Multiple protein 4.1 isoforms produced by alternative splicing in human erythroid cells". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 (23): 9062–5\. Bibcode:1988PNAS...85.9062C. doi:10.1073/pnas.85.23.9062. PMC 282663. PMID 3194408.
* Tang TK, Leto TL, Marchesi VT, Benz EJ (1988). "Expression of Specific Isoforms of Protein 4.1 in Erythroid and Non-Erythroid Tissues". Molecular Biology of Hemopoiesis. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 241\. pp. 81–95\. doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5571-7_12. ISBN 978-1-4684-5573-1. PMID 3223413.
* Tang TK, Leto TL, Correas I, Alonso MA, Marchesi VT, Benz EJ (1988). "Selective expression of an erythroid-specific isoform of protein 4.1". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 (11): 3713–7\. Bibcode:1988PNAS...85.3713T. doi:10.1073/pnas.85.11.3713. PMC 280288. PMID 3375238.
* Conboy J, Kan YW, Shohet SB, Mohandas N (1987). "Molecular cloning of protein 4.1, a major structural element of the human erythrocyte membrane skeleton". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83 (24): 9512–6\. doi:10.1073/pnas.83.24.9512. PMC 387170. PMID 3467321.
* Correas I, Speicher DW, Marchesi VT (1986). "Structure of the spectrin-actin binding site of erythrocyte protein 4.1". J. Biol. Chem. 261 (28): 13362–6\. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)69313-5. PMID 3531202.
* Tchernia G, Mohandas N, Shohet SB (1981). "Deficiency of skeletal membrane protein band 4.1 in homozygous hereditary elliptocytosis. Implications for erythrocyte membrane stability". J. Clin. Invest. 68 (2): 454–60\. doi:10.1172/JCI110275. PMC 370818. PMID 6894932.
* Schischmanoff PO, Winardi R, Discher DE, Parra MK, Bicknese SE, Witkowska HE, Conboy JG, Mohandas N (1995). "Defining of the minimal domain of protein 4.1 involved in spectrin-actin binding". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (36): 21243–50\. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.36.21243. PMID 7673158.
* Lue RA, Marfatia SM, Branton D, Chishti AH (1994). "Cloning and characterization of hdlg: the human homologue of the Drosophila discs large tumor suppressor binds to protein 4.1". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (21): 9818–22\. Bibcode:1994PNAS...91.9818L. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.21.9818. PMC 44908. PMID 7937897.
* Conboy JG, Chasis JA, Winardi R, Tchernia G, Kan YW, Mohandas N (1993). "An isoform-specific mutation in the protein 4.1 gene results in hereditary elliptocytosis and complete deficiency of protein 4.1 in erythrocytes but not in nonerythroid cells". J. Clin. Invest. 91 (1): 77–82\. doi:10.1172/JCI116203. PMC 329997. PMID 8423235.

## External links

[edit]

* erythrocyte+membrane+band+4.1+protein at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

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PDB gallery

* 1gg3: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE PROTEIN 4.1R MEMBRANE BINDING DOMAIN

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