Protestant Church in Germany

Group of churches in Germany

"EKD" redirects here. For other uses, see EKD (disambiguation).

Protestant Church in Germany

Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland
Classification| Protestant
Orientation| United (Prussian Union)
Lutheran
Reformed
Polity| Episcopal
Presbyterian
Congregationalist
Chair of the Council| Kirsten Fehrs[1]
Associations| World Council of Churches
Conference of European Churches
Community of Protestant Churches in Europe
Region| Germany
Origin| 1948; 76 years ago (1948)[2]
Members| 2020 EKD data:
20.2 million
~49.7% United Protestant (Lutheran and Reformed)
~48.7% Lutheran
~1.5% Reformed[3][4][5]
Official website| www.ekd.de

The Protestant Church in Germany (German: Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland, EKD), formerly known in English as the Evangelical Church in Germany, is a federation of twenty Lutheran, Reformed, and United Protestant regional Churches in Germany, collectively encompassing the vast majority of the country's Protestants.[6] In 2022, the EKD had a membership of 19,153,000 members, or 22.7% of the German population.[7] It constitutes one of the largest Protestant bodies in the world. Church offices managing the federation are located in Herrenhausen, Hanover, Lower Saxony. Many of its members consider themselves Lutherans.

Historically, the first formal attempt to unify German Protestantism occurred during the Weimar Republic era in the form of the German Protestant Church Confederation, which existed from 1922 until 1933. Earlier, there had been successful royal efforts at unity in various German states, beginning with Prussia and several minor German states (e.g. Duchy of Nassau) in 1817. These unions resulted in the first united and uniting churches, a new development within Protestantism which later spread to other parts of the world. When Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933, his administration tried to reorganize the old confederation into a unified German Evangelical Church as Hitler wanted to use a single Protestant church to further his own ambitions. However, a division emerged between the Reichskirche, led by the pro-government German Christians, and the Confessing Church, which opposed state control of the church. Other Protestant churches aligned themselves with one of these groups, or stayed neutral in this church strife. The postwar church council issued the Stuttgart Declaration of Guilt on 19 October 1945, confessing guilt and declaring remorse for indifference and inaction of German Protestants in the face of atrocities committed by Hitler's regime. In 1948, the Protestant Church in Germany was organized in the aftermath of World War II to function as a new umbrella organization for German Protestant churches. As a result of tensions between West and East Germany, the regional churches in East Germany broke away from the EKD in 1969. In 1991, following German reunification, the East German churches re-joined the EKD.

The member churches (Gliedkirchen), while being independent and having their own theological and formal organisation, share full altar and pulpit fellowship, and are united in the EKD synod, but they act as individual members of the World Council of Churches (WCC) and the Community of Protestant Churches in Europe (CPCE). Boundaries of EKD churches within Germany partially resemble those of the states of the Holy Roman Empire and successor forms of German statehood (to the most part 1815 borders), due to the historically close relationship between individual German states and churches. As for church governance, the Lutheran churches typically practise an episcopal polity, while the Reformed and the United ones a mixture of presbyterian and congregationalist polities. Most member churches are led by a (state) bishop. Only one member church, the Evangelical Reformed Church in Germany, is not restricted to a certain territory. In some ways, the other member churches resemble dioceses of the Catholic and Anglican churches, from an organisational point of view.

## Name[edit]

The German term evangelisch more accurately corresponds to the broad English term Protestant[8] rather than to the narrower evangelical (in German called evangelikal), although the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada and the Evangelical Lutheran Church of England use the term. Literally, the German word evangelisch means "of the Gospel", denoting a Protestant Reformation emphasis on sola scriptura, "by scripture alone". Martin Luther encouraged the use of this term alongside Christian.

## History[edit]

Front page of the Peace of Augsburg, which laid the legal groundwork for two co-existing religious confessions (Catholicism and Lutheranism) in the German-speaking states of the Holy Roman Empire.

From the Peace of Augsburg in 1555 to the end of the First World War and the collapse of the German Empire, some Protestant churches were state churches. Each Landeskirche[2] (state or regional church) was the official church of one of the states of Germany, while the respective ruler was the church's formal head (e.g. the King of Prussia headed the Evangelical Church of Prussia's older Provinces as supreme governor), similar to the British monarch's role as the Supreme Governor of the Church of England.

This changed somewhat with growing religious freedom in the 19th century, especially in the republican states of Bremen, Frankfurt (1857), Lübeck, and Hamburg (1860). The greatest change came after the German Revolution, with the formation of the Weimar Republic and the abdication of the princes of the German states. The system of state churches disappeared with the Weimar Constitution (1919), which brought about disestablishment by the separation of church and state, and there was a desire for the Protestant churches to merge. In fact, a merger was permanently under discussion but never materialised due to strong regional self-confidence and traditions as well as the denominational fragmentation into Lutheran, Reformed, and United and uniting churches.

During the Revolution, when the old church governments lost power, the People's Church Union (Volkskirchenbund) was formed and advocated unification without respect to theological tradition and also increasing input from laymen. However, the People's Church Union quickly split along territorial lines after the churches' relationship with the new governments improved.[9]

It was realised that one mainstream Protestant church for all of Germany was impossible and that any union would need a federal model. The churches met in Dresden in 1919 and created a plan for federation, and this plan was adopted in 1921 at Stuttgart. Then in 1922 the then 28 territorially defined Protestant churches founded the German Evangelical Church Confederation (Deutscher Evangelischer Kirchenbund, DEK). At the time, the federation was the largest Protestant church federation in Europe with around 40 million members.[9] Because it was a federation of independent bodies, the Church Union's work was limited to foreign missions and relations with Protestant churches outside Germany, especially German Protestants in other countries.

In July 1933, the German Evangelical Church (Deutsche Evangelische Kirche, DEK) was formed under the influence of the German Christians, a pro-Nazi religious movement. They had much influence over the decisions of the first National Synod, via their unambiguous partisanship in successfully backing Ludwig Müller for the office of Reich bishop. He did not manage, however, to prevail over the Landeskirchen in the long term. The Confessing Church arose in resistance to the Nazi regime's ideology. After the installation of Hanns Kerrl as minister for church matters in a Führer-directive of 16 July 1935 and the foundation of the – in the end not materialising – Protestant Reich Church, the DEK played more or less no further role.

Synodal elections 1933: German Christians and Confessing Church campaigners in Berlin.

In 1948, freed from the German Christians' influence, the Lutheran, Reformed (including the German Reformed Church / Reformierte Kirche) and United churches came together as the Protestant Church in Germany at the Conference of Eisenach. In 1969, the regional Protestant churches in East Germany and East Berlin[10] broke away from the EKD and formed the League of Evangelical Churches in the German Democratic Republic (German: Bund der Evangelischen Kirchen in der DDR, BEK), in 1970 also joined by the Moravian Herrnhut District. In June 1991, following German reunification, the BEK merged with the EKD.

While the members are no longer state churches, they enjoy constitutional protection as statutory corporations, and they are still called Landeskirchen, and some have this term in their official names. A modern English translation, however, would be regional church. Apart from some minor changes, the territories of the member churches today reflect Germany's political organisation in the year 1848, with regional churches for states or provinces that often no longer exist or whose borders changed since. For example, between 1945 and 1948, the remaining six ecclesiastical provinces (Kirchenprovinzen), each territorially comprising one of the Old Prussia provinces, within the Evangelical Church of the old-Prussian Union assumed independence as a consequence of the estrangement among them during the Nazi struggle of the churches. This turned the Evangelical Church of the old-Prussian Union into a mere umbrella, being itself a member of EKD (and the BEK, 1969–1991) but covering some regional church bodies, which were again themselves members of EKD (and the BEK, 1969–1991).

Since 1973, when many Protestant churches in Europe, including the EKD members, concluded the Leuenberg Agreement, also the then 21 EKD members[11] introduced full communion for their parishioners and ministry among each other.

Since also the regional Protestant churches in East Germany had signed the Leuenberg Agreement, thus the then ten members of the Federation of Protestant Churches in the German Democratic Republic practised full communion with the EKD members too. Ordination of women is practised in all 20 member churches with many women having been ordained in recent years. There are also several women serving as bishops. Margot Käßmann, former bishop of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Hanover and Chairperson of the Council of the EKD from 2009 until February 2010, was the first woman to head the EKD.[12] Blessings of same-sex marriages is practised and allowed in 14 of 20 and Blessing of same-sex unions are allowed in all other member churches.[13] [14] The EKD opposes abortion in most situations but believes it should remain legal.[15]

The EKD has undergone a split in the 20th century and lost a bulk of its adherents in East Germany due to state atheist policies of the former East German government. After 1990, membership was counted and amounted to around the same number as the Roman Catholic Church. In the 21st century, membership in both the Evangelical Church and the Roman Catholic Church stagnates as more people are becoming religious nones.

A 2019 study estimated that there were 114,000 unreported victims of sexual abuse in the EKD and the Catholic Church in Germany combined. The 95% confidence interval comprises 28,000 to 280,000 victims.[16][17] According to a study published in 2024, pedophilic members of the EKD have sexually abused at least 9,355 minors since 1946. Putting this figure into context, the coordinator of the study clarified that this number of cases was only the tip of the iceberg.[18] The average age of the victims is 11 years.[19]

## Membership[edit]

Confessions of EKD parishioners

United (administratively or confessionally, both Lutheran and Reformed; Prussian Union) (57%)

Lutheran (40%)

Reformed (3%)

Member churches by confession

Protestantism is the major religion in Northern, Eastern and Middle Germany, with the Reformed branch predominating in the extreme northwest and Lippe, the Lutheran branch in the north and south, and the United branch in Middle and Western Germany. While the majority of Christians in Southern Germany are Catholic, some areas in Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria are predominantly Protestant, e.g. Middle Franconia and the government region of Stuttgart. The vast majority of German Protestants belong to a member church of the EKD. With 20,236,000 members in 2020, around 24.3 percent of all Germans belong to a member church of the EKD.[4] Average church attendance is lower, however, with only around a million people attending a service on Sunday.[20]

The regional Protestant church bodies accept each other as equals, despite denominational differences. No member church runs congregations or churches in the area of another member church, thus preventing competing with each other for parishioners. The only exception is the Evangelical Reformed Church, which combines Reformed congregations within the ambits of usually Lutheran member churches, which themselves do not include the eventual local Reformed congregations. Thus, for example, a Lutheran moving from a place where their parish belongs to a Lutheran member church, would be accepted in their new place of domicile by the locally competent congregation within another member church, even if this church and its local parish are Reformed or of united Protestant confession, with Lutheran being exchangeable with the two other respective Protestant confessions within the EKD. This is due to full altar and pulpit fellowship between all EKD member churches.

In this the ambits of the member churches resemble dioceses of the Anglican or Roman Catholic churches, however, else there is no common hierarchy supervising the member churches, who are legally independent equals with the EKD being their umbrella. Members of congregations within the member churches – like those of parishes within Catholic dioceses and those enrolled in Jewish congregations also enjoying statutory corporation status – are required to pay a church tax, a surcharge on their normal income tax collected by the states of Germany and passed on to the respective religious body.

### 2011 census results by state[edit]

State [21] | Church membership (2011) | Percentage of the population

|
|

Schleswig-Holstein | 1,550,200  | 55.7%
Lower Saxony | 3,976,430  | 51.5%
Bremen | 279,180  | 43.2%
Hesse | 2,426,990  | 40.8%
Baden-Württemberg | 3,552,450  | 34.1%
Hamburg | 573,960  | 33.9%
Rhineland-Palatinate | 1,260,720  | 31.8%
Germany | 24,552,110 | 30.8%
North Rhine-Westphalia | 4,974,240  | 28.5%
Thuringia | 529,010  | 24.3%
Berlin | 706,650  | 21.6%
Saxony | 856,340  | 21.4%
Bavaria | 2,592,550  | 21.1%
Saarland | 199,240  | 20.1%
Brandenburg | 448,970  | 18.4%
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern | 280,500  | 17.7%
Saxony-Anhalt | 344,680  | 15.2%

### Gallery[edit]

* EKD Protestants according to the 2011 census.

* Red denotes states in which EKD Protestants outnumber Catholics.

* Flag of the Protestant Church in Germany.

* Another version, as used by German Protestants.

* EKD church office in Hanover, Lower Saxony, Germany.

* EKD's internal organization.

## Structure[edit]

The structure of the EKD is based on federal principles. Each regional church is responsible for Christian life in its own area while each regional church has its own special characteristics and retains its independence. The EKD carries out joint tasks with which its members have entrusted it. For the execution of these tasks, the Church has the following governing bodies, all organised and elected on democratic lines:

### Synod[edit]

The Synod is the legislature of the EKD. It has 126 members: 106 elected by Landeskirchen synods and 20 appointed by the council.[22] These 20 are appointed for their importance in the life of the Church and its agencies. Members serve six year terms and the synod meets annually.

### Praesides of the Synod[edit]

Irmgard Schwaetzer, praeses of the synod till 2021

1949–1955: Gustav Heinemann
1955–1961: Constantin von Dietze
1961–1970: Hans Puttfarcken [de]
1970–1973: Ludwig Raiser
1973–1985: Cornelius von Heyl
1985–2003: Jürgen Schmude
2003–2009: Barbara Rinke
2009–2013: Katrin Göring-Eckardt
2013–2021: Irmgard Schwaetzer
since 2021: Anna-Nicole Heinrich

### Council of the EKD[edit]

The EKD Council is the representative and governing body of the Protestant Church in Germany. The Council of the EKD has 15 members jointly elected by the Synod and Church Conference who serve terms of six years.[23]

Heinrich Bedford-Strohm, former chairman of the Council of the EKD.

### Chairperson of the Council of the Protestant Church in Germany[edit]

The chairperson of the Council is the church's highest representative.[24]

1945–1949: Theophil Wurm, Bishop, Württemberg
1949–1961: Otto Dibelius, bishop of Berlin-Brandenburg
1961–1967: Kurt Scharf, president, bishop from 1966, Berlin-Brandenburg
1967–1973: Hermann Dietzfelbinger [de], Bishop, Bavaria
1973–1979: Helmut Claß [de], Bishop, Württemberg
1979–1985: Eduard Lohse [de], Bishop, Hanover
1985–1991: Martin Kruse [de], bishop of Berlin-Brandenburg
1991–1997: Klaus Engelhardt [de], Bishop, Baden
1997–2003: Manfred Kock, president, Rhineland
2003–2009: Wolfgang Huber, bishop of Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia
2009–2010: Margot Käßmann, bishop of Hanover
2010–2014: Nikolaus Schneider, president, Rhineland
2014–2021: Heinrich Bedford-Strohm, Bishop, Bavaria
2021–2023: Annette Kurschus, Bishop of Westphalia[25]

### Church Conference (permanent body)[edit]

The Church Conference is where member churches, through the representatives of their governing boards, can directly participate in the work of the EKD.[26]

### Church Office of the EKD[edit]

The Church Office is the administration of the EKD and shall the business of the Synod, Council and Conference of the EKD.[27]

Main divisions:

* I = line, law and finance: President Hans Ulrich Anke [de]
* II = Religious Activities and Education: Vice President Thies Gundlach (since 2010)
* III = Public Responsibility: Vice President Horst Gorski (also head of the Office of the United Evangelical Lutheran Church of Germany) (since 2007)
* IV = ecumenism and working abroad: Vice President Bishop Petra Bosse-Huber [de], foreign bishop and head of the Office of the Union of Evangelical Churches) (since 2014)

#### President[edit]

* 1945–1948: Hans Asmussen
* 1949–1965: Heinz Brunotte
* 1966–1989: Walter Hammer [de]
* 1989–1997: Otto von Camphausen
* 1997–2006: Valentin Schmidt [de]
* 2006–2010: Hermann Barth [de]
* since 2010: Hans Ulrich Anke [de]

The EKD Church Office has approximately 200 employees.

### International activities[edit]

The EKD holds various charities ("Hilfswerke") under its auspices. The Gustav-Adolf-Werk (GAW) (Gustaphus Adolphus Union formerly) was founded 1832 in Leipzig as the first and eldest such organization and is responsible to aid feeble sister churches, especially in Roman Catholic countries and the Protestant diaspora. It has separate branches internationally, the organization in Austria is still called the Gustav-Adolf-Verein.[28] Brot für die Welt is responsible for international development aid.

## Member churches (since 2012)[edit]

Member churches of the Protestant Church in Germany (after the fusion of the Evangelical churches of Mecklenburg, North Elbia and Pomerania in 2012).

The umbrella of the Protestant Church in Germany comprises 20 regional churches:

* 10 United Protestant (Lutheran and Reformed)
* 8 Lutheran
* 2 Reformed

These bodies are termed Landeskirchen ("Regional Churches")[29] though in most cases, their territories do not correspond to the current federal states, but rather to former duchies, electorates and provinces or mergers thereof.

1. Protestant Church of Anhalt (Evangelische Landeskirche Anhalts), a united church body in Anhalt
2. Protestant Church in Baden (Evangelische Landeskirche in Baden), a united church body in Baden
3. Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bavaria (Evangelisch-Lutherische Kirche in Bayern), a Lutheran church body in Bavaria
4. Evangelical Church Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia (Evangelische Kirche in Berlin-Brandenburg-schlesische Oberlausitz), a united church body in Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia merged in 2004 from:
* Evangelische Kirche in Berlin-Brandenburg
* Evangelische Kirche der schlesischen Oberlausitz
5. Evangelical Lutheran Church in Brunswick (Evangelisch-Lutherische Landeskirche in Braunschweig), a Lutheran church body in Brunswick
6. Evangelical Church of Bremen (Bremische Evangelische Kirche), a united church body in Bremen
7. Evangelical-Lutheran Church of Hanover (Evangelisch-Lutherische Landeskirche Hannovers), a Lutheran church body in the former Province of Hanover
8. Protestant Church in Hesse and Nassau (Evangelische Kirche in Hessen und Nassau), a united church body in the former People's State of Hesse and Nassau
9. Evangelical Church of Hesse Electorate-Waldeck (Evangelische Kirche von Kurhessen-Waldeck), a united church body in former Hesse-Cassel and Waldeck
10. Church of Lippe (Lippische Landeskirche), a Reformed church body of Lippe
11. Evangelical Church in Central Germany (Evangelische Kirche in Mitteldeutschland), a united church body that was created in 2009 from the merger of:
* Evangelical Church of the Church Province of Saxony (Evangelische Kirche der Kirchenprovinz Sachsen) (Province of Saxony)
* Evangelical-Lutheran Church in Thuringia (Evangelisch-Lutherische Kirche in Thüringen) (Thuringia)
12. Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany Evangelisch-Lutherische Kirche in Norddeutschland), a Lutheran church body that was created in 2012 from the merger of:
* North Elbian Evangelical Lutheran Church (Nordelbische Evangelisch-Lutherische Kirche), a Lutheran church body in Northern Germany
* Evangelical Lutheran Church of Mecklenburg (Evangelisch-Lutherische Landeskirche Mecklenburgs), a Lutheran church body in Mecklenburg
* Pomeranian Evangelical Church (Pommersche Evangelische Kirche), a united church body in Pomerania
13. Evangelical Lutheran Church in Oldenburg (Evangelisch-Lutherische Kirche in Oldenburg), a Lutheran church body in Oldenburg
14. Evangelical Church of the Palatinate (Evangelische Kirche der Pfalz) or Protestantische Landeskirche, a united church body in Palatinate
15. Evangelical Church in the Rhineland (Evangelische Kirche im Rheinland), a united church body in the Rhineland
16. Evangelical-Lutheran Church of Saxony (Evangelisch-Lutherische Landeskirche Sachsens), a Lutheran church body in Saxony
17. Evangelical Lutheran Church of Schaumburg-Lippe (Evangelisch-Lutherische Landeskirche Schaumburg-Lippe), a Lutheran church body in Schaumburg-Lippe
18. Evangelical Church of Westphalia (Evangelische Kirche von Westfalen), a united church body in Westphalia
19. Evangelical Church in Württemberg (Evangelische Landeskirche in Württemberg), a Lutheran church body in Württemberg
20. Evangelical Reformed Church (Regional Church) Evangelisch-reformierte Kirche (Landeskirche), a Reformed church body, covering the territories of No. 3, 5, 7, 12, 16, 17, and 19

The Moravian Church ("Herrnhuter Brüdergemeine") and the Federation of Evangelical Reformed Congregations are associate members.

## See also[edit]

* List of Christian denominations by number of members
* List of the largest Protestant denominations
* Protestantism in Germany
* Barmen Declaration
* German Protestant Church Assembly
* Evangelical Theology Student Council
* Protestant Women in Germany
* Union of Protestant Churches in the EKD

## References[edit]

1. ^ "Kirsten Fehrs, amtierende Ratsvorsitzende der EKD [Kirsten Fehrs, present chair of the Council of the Protestant Church in Germany]" (in German). Hanover: Protestant Church in Germany. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
2. ^ a b EKD-Internearbeit (5 May 2015). "Short History". Archived from the original on 9 July 2015. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
3. ^ www.reformiert-info.de(in German)
4. ^ a b "Gezählt 2021 – Zahlen und Fakten zum kirchlichen Leben" (PDF). ekd.de. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
5. ^ The percentages of specific denominations are approximate.
6. ^ "Protestant Church in Germany". Hanover. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
7. ^ "Christinnen und Christen in Deutschland". www.ekd.de (in German). Retrieved 2024-01-27.
8. ^ Peter Terrell, Harper Collins German Unabridged Dictionary, 4th ed., (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, Inc., 1999), 273 sub loco.
9. ^ a b D. Karl Bornhausen, "The Present Status of the Protestant Churches in Germany," The Journal of Religion, Vol. 3, No. 5 (Sep. 1923), 501–524.
10. ^ The Eastern churches were the Evangelical Church of Anhalt, Evangelical Church in Berlin, Brandenburg and Silesian Upper Lusatia#Evangelical Church in Berlin-Brandenburg (EKiBB, East Ambit, for East Berlin and Brandenburg), Evangelical Church of the Görlitz Ecclesiastical Region, Evangelical Church in Greifswald, Evangelical Lutheran Church of Mecklenburg, Evangelical-Lutheran Church of Saxony, Evangelical Church of the Church Province of Saxony (KPS), Evangelical Lutheran Church in Thuringia and Evangelical Church of the Union (East Region, for EKiBB-East Ambit, Görlitz, Greifswald and KPS, and since 1970 for Anhalt too).
11. ^ The Western churches were the Evangelical Church of Baden, Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bavaria, Evangelical Church in Berlin, Brandenburg and Silesian Upper Lusatia#Evangelical Church in Berlin-Brandenburg (EKiBB, West Ambit, for West Berlin), Bremian Evangelical Church, Evangelical Lutheran Church in Brunswick, Evangelical Lutheran Church of Eutin, Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Hamburg State, Evangelical-Lutheran Church of Hanover, Protestant Church in Hesse and Nassau, Evangelical Church of Hesse Electorate-Waldeck, Church of Lippe, Evangelical Lutheran Church in Lübeck, Evangelical Reformed Church in Northwestern Germany, Evangelical Lutheran Church in Oldenburg, Evangelical Church of the Palatinate, Evangelical Church in the Rhineland, Evangelical Lutheran Church of Schaumburg-Lippe, Evangelical Lutheran Church of Schleswig-Holstein, Evangelical Church of the Union (West Region, for EKiBB-West Ambit, Rhineland, and Westphalia), Evangelical Church of Westphalia, and Evangelical Church in Württemberg.
12. ^ Deutsche Welle, 2009-10-28. German Protestant Church elects first woman as its leader. Retrieved 2009-10-29.
13. ^ Ökumenische Arbeitsgruppe Homosexuelle und Kirche (HuK) e. V.: Möglichkeiten der kirchlichen Segnung gleichgeschlechtlicher Paare Archived 2017-06-17 at the Wayback Machine, 25 April 2016.
14. ^ Johannes Süßmann, Anne Kampf: Segnung Homosexueller: Bunt wie ein Regenbogen. Evangelisch.de, 14 January 2016.
15. ^ "Gott ist ein Freund des Lebens".
16. ^ "Ulmer Studie: 114.000 Menschen wurden Opfer sexueller Gewalt durch katholische Priester". www.schwaebische.de (in German). 2019-03-13. Retrieved 2024-01-27.
17. ^ Fegert, Jörg M. (2019-03-19). Sexueller Missbrauch – Einblicke in ein erschütterndes Thema (PDF). Universitätsklinikum Ulm. p. 143.
18. ^ "9355 Missbrauchsopfer seit 1946".
19. ^ Redaktion (2024-01-26). "Missbrauch bei der evangelischen Kirche: Opfer im Schnitt elf Jahre alt". News4teachers (in German). Retrieved 2024-02-08.
20. ^ EKD: Services of Worship and Holy Communion 2006 Archived 2011-06-17 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed 16 March 2010.
21. ^ "Zensusdatenbank – Ergebnisse des Zensus 2011". Archived from the original on 5 June 2013. Retrieved 3 January 2017.
22. ^ § 24 of the Basic Order (Grundordnung) of the Evangelical Church (http://www.kirchenrecht-ekd.de/showdocument/id/3435#s1.100042)
23. ^ § 29, §30 of the Basic Order (Grundordnung) of the Evangelical Church (http://www.kirchenrecht-ekd.de/showdocument/id/3435#s1.100049)
24. ^ "Rat der EKD [Council of the Protestant Church in Germany]". EKD Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland (in German). Hanover: Protestant Church in Germany. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
25. ^ Splitt, Carsten. "Annette Kurschus als EKD-Ratsvorsitzende zurückgetreten [Annette Kurschus has stepped down as Chair of the Council of the Protestant Church in Germany]". EKD Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland (in German). Hanover: Press Office of the Protestant Church in Germany. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
26. ^ § 28 of the Basic Order (Grundordnung) of the Evangelical Church (http://www.kirchenrecht-ekd.de/showdocument/id/3435#s1.100049)
27. ^ § 31 of the Basic Order (Grundordnung) of the Evangelical Church (http://www.kirchenrecht-ekd.de/showdocument/id/3435#s1.100049)
28. ^ "Startseite – Gustav-Adolf-Werk e.V." (in German). Retrieved 8 July 2015.
29. ^ EKD-Internearbeit (24 March 2015). "Regional Churches". Archived from the original on 2015-07-09. Retrieved 8 July 2015.

## External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Evangelical Church in Germany.

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Free
Churches|

| Lutheran|

| Confessional|

* Evangelical Lutheran Free Church
* Independent Evangelical-Lutheran Church

|

* Danish Church[c]
* Evangelical Lutheran Church in Baden

Calvinist|

* Evangelical Old-Reformed Church in Lower Saxony[e]

Anglican|

* Church of England

Anabaptist|

* Amish
* Bruderhof
* Hutterites
* Mennonites
* Schwarzenau Brethren

Baptist|

* International Baptist Convention
* Union of Evangelical Free Churches in Germany

Methodist|

* Evangelical Methodist Church[c]

Adventist|

* Sabbath Rest Advent Church
* Seventh-day Adventist Church
* Seventh Day Adventist Reform Movement

Pentecostal|

* Federation of Pentecostal Churches
* Volksmission- The People’s Mission of Decided Christians
* Gemeinde Gottes – Church of God

Other|

* Open Brethren

Restorationist|

* New Apostolic Church
* Jehovah's Witnesses
* The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Germany

Interdenominational
organisations|

* German Evangelical Alliance

1. ^ a b Not in communion with the rest of the Catholic Church
2. ^ Part of the Union of Utrecht
3. ^ a b c d Part of the Communion of Protestant Churches in Europe
4. ^ a b All of them Landeskirche
5. ^ a b c d e f g h Part of the Reformed Alliance
6. ^ Part of the United Evangelical Lutheran Church of Germany as well

* v
* t
* e

Communion of Protestant Churches in Europe member churches

Regional[a]
"Federations"|

| Alsace and
Lorraine
(0.25 million)|

* Lutheran
* Reformed

|

Germany
(19.2 million)|

| United
(8.1 million)|

* Anhalt
* Baden
* Berlin, Brandenburg and Silesian Upper Lusatia
* Bremen
* Central Germany
* Hesse Electorate-Waldeck
* Hesse and Nassau
* Palatinate
* Rhineland
* Westphalia

|

Lutheran
(10.8 million)|

* Bavaria
* Brunswick
* Hanover
* Northern Germany
* Oldenburg
* Saxony
* Schaumburg-Lippe
* Württemberg

Reformed
(0.3 million)|

* Church of Lippe
* Evangelical Reformed Church

Switzerland
(2.4 million)|

| Reformed|

* Aargau
* Appenzell
* Basel-Landschaft
* Basel-Stadt
* Bern-Jura-Solothurn
* Freiburg
* Geneva
* Glarus [de]
* Graubünden [de; rm]
* Lucerne
* Neuchâtel [fr]
* Nidwalen [de]
* Obwalden [de]
* St. Gallen
* Schaffhausen
* Schwyz [de]
* Solothurn [de]
* Ticino [de]
* Thurgau
* Uri
* Vaud
* Valais
* Zürich
* Zug [de]

|

United
(1.94 million)|

* Belgium
* Czech Republic
* France
* Italy
* Liechtenstein
* Luxembourg
* Netherlands
* Spain

Lutheran
(8.84 million)|

* Austria
* Croatia
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Hungary
* Iceland
* Ireland
* Italy
* Latvia
* Country
* Abroad
* Lithuania
* Norway
* Poland
* Romania
* German Lutheran
* Hungarian Lutheran
* Russia
* Serbia
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Switzerland

Reformed
(3.06 million)|

* Austria
* Croatia
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Greece
* Hungary
* Ireland
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Scotland
* Kirk
* United Free Church
* Serbia
* Slovakia
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom
* Wales

Methodist
(12.23 million)|

* Great Britain
* Ireland
* United Methodist Church

Hussites
(1 million)|

* Czech Republic
* Czechoslovak Hussite Church
* Moravian Church

Other|

* Netherlands
* Remonstrant Brotherhood

Outside Europe
(0.04 million)|

* Argentina
* United
* Reformed
* Methodist
* Ecuador
* Uruguay

Observers|

* Church of Sweden
* Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland
* Uniting Church in Sweden

1. ^ Those are legal umbrella bodies which represent their member churches before the national government. They encompass multiple individual autonomous churches of differnet traditions which are themselves members of the CPCE.

International churches

* v
* t
* e

Regional churches of the EKD

* Anhalt
* Baden
* Bavaria
* Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia
* Bremen
* Brunswick
* Hanover
* Hesse and Nassau
* Hesse-Kassel and Waldeck
* Lippe
* Middle Germany
* Northern Germany
* Oldenburg
* Palatinate
* Reformed Church
* Rhineland
* Saxony
* Schaumburg-Lippe
* Westphalia
* Württemberg

* v
* t
* e

Old City of Jerusalem and its walls

* World Heritage Site by UNESCO since 1981
* Sorted by religions

Christianity|

| "Status Quo"|

* Church of the Holy Sepulchre
* Deir es-Sultan
* Chapel of Saint Helena
* Via Dolorosa
* See also: New Church of the Theotokos

|

Catholic|

| Latin
(Patriarch)|

* Co-Cathedral of the Most Holy Name of Jesus

| Franciscans
(Custos)|

* Monastery of Saint Saviour
* Monastery of the Flagellation
* Church of the Condemnation
* Church of the Flagellation
* Chapel of Simon of Cyrene

|

* Convent of the Sisters of Zion
* Church of Saint Anne
* Church of the Holy Family

Defunct|

* Church of Saint James Intercisus
* Church of Saint Mary of the Germans
* Church of Saint Mary of the Latins
* Templum Domini

|

Melkite Catholic
(Patriarch)|

* Cathedral of the Annunciation

Armenian Catholic|

* Church of Our Lady of Sorrows

Maronite Catholic|

Maronite Convent

Eastern
Orthodox|

| Greek Orthodox
(Patriarch)|

* Church of Saint John the Baptist

|

Oriental
Orthodox|

| Armenian Orthodox
(Patriarch)|

* Cathedral of Saint James
* Church of the Holy Archangels
* Church of Saint Toros

|

Syriac Orthodox|

* Monastery of Saint Mark

Coptic Orthodox
(Archbishop)|

* Deir es-Sultan

Protestant|

| Anglican Communion|

| Episcopal Church in Jerusalem and the Middle East|

* Christ Church

|

Lutheran|

| Protestant Church in Germany|

* Church of the Redeemer

|

Areas, quarters

Christian
Quarter

Muristan

Muslim
Quarter

Armenian
Quarter

Jewish
Quarter

Temple
Mount

Gates
1\. Jaffa 2\. Zion 3\. Dung 4\. Golden 5\. Lions 6\. Herod
7\. Damascus 8\. New (Double, Single, Tanners')
Al-Mawazin

Surrounding streets, roads:

* Highway 60
* Jaffa Road
* Jericho
Ma'ale HaShalom
* Ofel
* Sultan Suleiman

Islam
(Sunni Islamic
Grand Mufti)|

| Al-Aqsa
(Waqf)|

* Qibli Mosque
* Dome of the Ascension
* Dome of the Chain
* Dome of al-Khidr
* Dome of al-Khalili
* Dome of the Prophet
* Dome of the Rock
* Dome of Yusuf
* Madrasa Al-Ashrafiyya
* Marwani Mosque

|

Other mosques|

* Al-Buraq Mosque
* Al-Yaqoubi Mosque
* Al-Khanqah al-Salahiyya Mosque
* Mosque of Omar
* Al Dissi Mosque
* Sidna Omar Mosque

Judaism
(Sephardic/Ashkenazi
Chief Rabbis)|

| General|

* Southern Wall
* Western Wall
* Western Wall Tunnel
* Little Western Wall

|

Orthodox
Jewish|

* Ramban Synagogue
* Ari Synagogue
* Four Sephardic Synagogues
* Ohr ha-Chaim Synagogue
* Tzuf Dvash Synagogue
* Hurva Synagogue
* Ohel Yitzchak Synagogue

| Defunct|

* Tiferet Yisrael Synagogue

|

* Remnants or rebuilt buildings in italic
* Israel portal
* Palestine portal
* Christianity portal
* Islam portal
* Judaism portal

* v
* t
* e

World Council of Churches (WCC)

Ecumenism

African-initiated

Africa|

* Africa Brotherhood Church
* African Christian Church & Schools
* African Church of the Holy Spirit
* African Israel Church Nineveh
* Church of Christ - Harris Mission (Harrist Church)
* Church of Christ Light of the Holy Spirit
* Council of African Instituted Churches of Southern Africa
* The African Church
* Church of the Lord (Aladura)
* The First African Church Mission

Anglicanism

Africa|

* Anglican Church of Burundi
* Anglican Church of Kenya
* Anglican Church of Rwanda
* Anglican Church of Southern Africa
* Anglican Church of Tanzania
* Church of Christ in Congo - Anglican Community of Congo
* Church of Nigeria
* Church of the Province of Central Africa
* Church of the Province of West Africa
* Church of Uganda
* Episcopal/Anglican Province of Alexandria
* Province of the Episcopal Church of South Sudan
* Province of the Episcopal Church of Sudan

Asia|

* Anglican Church in Japan
* Anglican Church of Korea
* Church of Ceylon
* Church of the Province of Myanmar
* Church of the Province of the Indian Ocean
* Episcopal Church in Jerusalem and the Middle East
* Episcopal Church in the Philippines

Europe|

* Church in Wales
* Church of England
* Church of Ireland
* Lusitanian Church of Portugal
* Scottish Episcopal Church
* Spanish Reformed Episcopal Church

North America|

* Anglican Church of Canada
* Episcopal Church

Latin America|

* Anglican Church of South America
* Anglican Episcopal Church of Brazil

Oceania|

* Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia
* Anglican Church of Australia
* Anglican Church of Melanesia

Assyrian Church

Global|

* Holy Apostolic Catholic Assyrian Church of the East

Baptists

Africa|

* Association of Baptist Churches in Rwanda
* Baptist Community of Congo
* Community of Baptist Churches in Central Africa
* Baptist Evangelical Church in Angola
* Episcopal Baptist Community in Africa
* Native Baptist Church of Cameroon
* Nigerian Baptist Convention
* Union of Baptist Churches of Cameroon

Asia|

* Bangladesh Baptist Church Sangha
* Bengal Orissa Bihar Baptist Convention
* Convention of Philippine Baptist Churches
* Council of Baptist Churches in Northeast India
* Myanmar Baptist Convention
* Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches

Europe|

* Baptist Union of Denmark
* Baptist Union of Great Britain
* Baptist Union of Hungary
* Baptist Evangelical Christian Union of Italy

North America|

* American Baptist Churches USA
* National Baptist Convention of America International, Inc.
* National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.
* Progressive National Baptist Convention

Latin America|

* Jamaica Baptist Union
* Baptist Convention of Haiti
* Baptist Association of El Salvador
* Baptist Convention of Nicaragua

Oceania|

* Baptist Union of New Zealand

Disciples of Christ & Christian Churches

Africa|

* Church of Christ in Congo - Community of Disciples of Christ in Congo

Asia|

* United Reformed Church

North America|

* Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) in Canada
* Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) in the United States

Latin America|

* Evangelical Church of the Disciples of Christ in Argentina

Oceania|

* Christian Churches New Zealand
* Churches of Christ in Australia

Eastern Orthodoxy

Africa|

* Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria and All Africa

Eastern Asia|

* Orthodox Church in Japan

Europe & Western Asia|

* Ecumenical Patriarchate
* Church of Cyprus
* Church of Greece
* Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East
* Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem
* Orthodox Autocephalous Church of Albania
* Orthodox Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia
* Orthodox Church of Finland
* Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Church
* Romanian Orthodox Church
* Russian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)
* Serbian Orthodox Church

North America|

* Orthodox Church in America

Evangelical

Africa|

* African Inland Church of South Sudan and Sudan

Asia|

* Lao Evangelical Church

Lutheranism

Africa|

* Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus
* Evangelical Lutheran Church in Congo
* Evangelical Lutheran Church of Ghana
* Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia
* Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Republic of Namibia
* Evangelical Lutheran Church in Southern Africa
* Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania
* Evangelical Lutheran Church in Zimbabwe
* Kenya Evangelical Lutheran Church
* Lutheran Church in Liberia
* Malagasy Lutheran Church

Asia|

* Batak Christian Community Church
* Christian Protestant Angkola Church
* Christian Protestant Church in Indonesia
* Evangelical Lutheran Church in Jordan and the Holy Land
* Evangelical Lutheran Church of Papua New Guinea
* The Indonesian Christian Church
* Protestant Christian Church of Nias
* Protestant Christian Batak Church
* Protestant Church in Sabah
* Simalungun Protestant Christian Church
* United Evangelical Lutheran Churches in India

Europe|

* Church of Norway
* Church of Sweden
* Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church
* Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland
* Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Romania
* Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Slovakia
* Evangelical Lutheran Church in Denmark
* Evangelical Lutheran Church in Hungary
* Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland
* Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland
* Evangelical Lutheran Church of Latvia
* Evangelical Lutheran Church of Romania
* Latvian Evangelical Lutheran Church Abroad
* Protestant Church in Germany
* Bavaria
* Brunswick
* Central Germany
* Hanover
* Northern Germany
* Oldenburg
* Saxony
* Schaumburg-Lippe
* Württemberg

* Silesian Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession
* Slovak Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Serbia

North America|

* Evangelical Lutheran Church in America
* Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada

Latin America|

* Bolivian Evangelical Lutheran Church
* Evangelical Church of the Lutheran Confession in Brazil
* Evangelical Lutheran Church in Chile
* Salvadorean Lutheran Synod
* United Evangelical Lutheran Church

Mar Thoma Church

Global|

* Mar Thoma Syrian Church of Malabar

Methodism

Africa|

* Methodist Church Ghana
* Methodist Church in Kenya
* Methodist Church in Zimbabwe
* Methodist Church Nigeria
* United Methodist Church of Ivory Coast

Asia|

* Evangelical Methodist Church in the Philippine Islands
* Korean Methodist Church
* Methodist Church in India
* Methodist Church in Indonesia
* Methodist Church in Malaysia
* Methodist Church in Singapore
* Methodist Church in Sri Lanka
* Methodist Church, Upper Myanmar
* Protestant Methodist Church in Benin

Europe|

* Methodist Evangelical Church in Italy
* Methodist Church
* Methodist Church in Ireland

North America|

* African Methodist Episcopal Church
* African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church
* Christian Methodist Episcopal Church
* United Methodist Church

Latin America|

* Evangelical Methodist Church in Argentina
* Evangelical Methodist Church in Bolivia
* Methodist Church in Brazil
* Methodist Church in the Caribbean and the Americas
* Methodist Church in Chile
* Methodist Church in Mexico

Oceania|

* Free Wesleyan Church of Tonga
* Methodist Church of Fiji and Rotuma

Moravian and Historic Peace Churches

Africa|

* Church of the Brethren in Nigeria
* Moravian Church in South Africa
* Moravian Church in Tanzania

Asia|

* Philippine Independent Church

Europe|

* Mennonite Church in the Netherlands
* Moravian Church in Western Europe

North America|

* Canadian Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers)
* Church of the Brethren
* Moravian Church in America
* Polish National Catholic Church
* Religious Society of Friends: Friends General Conference
* Religious Society of Friends: Friends United Meeting

Latin America|

* Moravian Church, Eastern West Indies Province
* Moravian Church in Jamaica
* Moravian Church in Nicaragua
* Moravian Church in Suriname

Old-Catholic

Europe|

* Catholic Diocese of the Old Catholics in Germany
* Old Catholic Church of Austria
* Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands
* Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland
* Old Catholic Mariavite Church in Poland
* Polish Catholic Church in Poland

Pentecostal

Africa|

* Evangelical Pentecostal Mission of Angola
* Apostolic Faith Mission of South Africa

North America|

* International Evangelical Church

Latin America|

* Association The Church of God
* Christian Biblical Church
* Free Pentecostal Missions Church of Chile
* Pentecostal Church of Chile
* Pentecostal Mission Church

Oriental Orthodoxy

Africa|

* Coptic Orthodox Church
* Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church
* Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church

Eastern Asia|

* Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church

Europe & Western Asia|

* Syrian Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East
* Armenian Apostolic Church (Holy See of Cilicia)
* Armenian Apostolic Church (Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin)

Reformed

Africa|

* African Protestant Church
* Association of Reformed Evangelical Church of Burkina Faso
* Church of Central Africa Presbyterian – Blantyre Synod
* Evangelical Community in Congo
* Presbyterian Community in Congo
* Presbyterian Community in Kinshasa
* Church of Jesus Christ in Madagascar
* Evangelical Church of Cameroon
* Evangelical Church of Congo
* Evangelical Church of Gabon
* Evangelical Congregational Church in Angola
* Evangelical Presbyterian Church, Ghana
* Evangelical Presbyterian Church in South Africa
* Evangelical Church of Egypt (Synod of the Nile)
* Evangelical Presbyterian Church of Togo
* Evangelical Reformed Church of Angola
* Lesotho Evangelical Church
* Presbyterian Church in Cameroon
* Presbyterian Church in Rwanda
* Presbyterian Church of Africa
* Presbyterian Church of Cameroon
* Presbyterian Church of East Africa
* Presbyterian Church of Ghana
* Presbyterian Church in Liberia
* Presbyterian Church of Mozambique
* Presbyterian Church of Nigeria
* Presbyterian Church of South Sudan
* Protestant Church of Algeria
* Reformed Church in Zambia
* Reformed Church in Zimbabwe
* Reformed Church of Christ for Nations
* Reformed Presbyterian Church of Equatorial Guinea

Asia|

* Central Sulawesi Christian Church
* Christian Church of Sumba
* Christian Evangelical Church in Minahasa
* Christian Evangelical Church in Sangihe-Talaud
* Church of Christ in Thailand
* Church of North India
* Church of Pakistan
* Church of South India
* East Java Christian Church
* Evangelical Christian Church in Halmahera
* Evangelical Presbyterian Church of Iran
* Evangelical Church in Kalimantan
* Hong Kong Council of the Church of Christ in China
* Indonesian Christian Church Synod
* Javanese Christian Churches
* Karo Batak Protestant Church
* Korean Christian Church in Japan
* Mara Evangelical Church
* National Evangelical Synod of Syria and Lebanon
* Pasundan Christian Church
* Presbyterian Church in Taiwan
* Presbyterian Church in the Republic of Korea
* Presbyterian Church of Korea
* Presbyterian Church of Pakistan
* Protestant Christian Church in Bali
* Protestant Church in Indonesia
* Protestant Church in Southeast Sulawesi
* Protestant Church in the Moluccas
* Protestant Church in Western Indonesia
* Protestant Church in East Timor
* Protestant Evangelical Church in Timor
* Toraja Church

Europe|

* Church of Scotland
* Czechoslovak Hussite Church
* Dutch Reformed Church
* Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren
* Evangelical Church of the Augsburg and Helvetic Confessions in Austria
* Evangelical Presbyterian Church of Portugal
* Greek Evangelical Church
* Presbyterian Church of Wales
* Protestant Church in Germany
* Church of Lippe
* Evangelical Reformed Church in Germany

* Protestant Church in the Netherlands
* Protestant Church of Switzerland
* Reformed Christian Church in Serbia
* Reformed Christian Church in Slovakia
* Reformed Church in Hungary
* Reformed Church in Romania
* Remonstrant Brotherhood
* Spanish Evangelical Church

North America|

* Hungarian Reformed Church in America
* Presbyterian Church in Canada
* Presbyterian Church (USA)
* Reformed Church in America

Latin America|

* Evangelical Church of the River Plate
* Independent Presbyterian Church of Brazil
* Presbyterian Church of Colombia
* Presbyterian Church of Trinidad and Tobago
* Presbyterian-Reformed Church in Cuba

Oceania|

* Congregational Christian Church in American Samoa
* Congregational Christian Church in Samoa
* Congregational Christian Church of Niue
* Congregational Christian Church of Tuvalu
* Evangelical Church in New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands
* Kiribati Uniting Church
* Maohi Protestant Church
* Presbyterian Church of Aotearoa New Zealand
* Presbyterian Church of Vanuatu

United christianity

Africa|

* United Church of Christ in Zimbabwe
* United Church of Zambia
* United Congregational Church of Southern Africa
* Uniting Presbyterian Church in Southern Africa
* Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa

Asia|

* China Christian Council
* Church of Bangladesh
* Union of the Armenian Evangelical Churches in the Near East
* United Church of Christ in Japan
* United Church of Christ in the Philippines

Europe|

* Protestant Church in Germany
* Bremen
* Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Oberlausitz
* Rhineland
* Anhalt
* Kurhessen-Waldeck
* Palatinate
* Westphalia
* Baden
* Hesse and Nassau
* Union of Protestant Churches of Alsace and Lorraine
* Union of Welsh Independents
* United Free Church of Scotland
* United Protestant Church in Belgium
* United Protestant Church of France
* Uniting Church in Sweden
* Union of Methodist and Waldensian Churches

North America|

* International Council of Community Churches
* United Church of Canada
* United Church of Christ

Latin America|

* United Church in Jamaica and the Cayman Islands
* United Presbyterian Church of Brazil
* United Protestant Church of Curaçao

Oceania|

* United Church in Papua New Guinea
* United Church in the Solomon Islands
* United Church of Christ - Congregational in the Marshall Islands
* Uniting Church in Australia

Africa
AACC
OAIC
Asia
CCA
NCCA
NCCP
MECC
PCC
Europe
CEC
CCCAAE
Latin America
CCC
LACC
North America
CCE
NCC

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF

National|

* France
* BnF data
* Germany
* Israel
* United States
* Czech Republic

Academics|

* CiNii

Other|

* IdRef

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