Provincetown Printers

Blanche Lazzell, Tulips, white line woodblock print - called the Provincetown Print technique, 1920

Provincetown Printers were a group of artists, most of them women, who created art using woodblock printing techniques in Provincetown, Massachusetts during the early 20th-century.[1][2] It was the first group of its kind in the United States, developed in an area when European and American avant-garde artists visited in number after World War I. The "Provincetown Print", a white-line woodcut print, was attributed to this group. Rather than creating separate woodblocks for each color, one block was made and painted. Small groves between the elements of the design created the white line.[3] Because the artists often used soft colors, they sometimes have the appearance of a watercolor painting.[4]

Bror Julius Olsson Nordfeldt has been credited with developing the technique, based upon Japanese ukiyo-e woodblock printing, though there is evidence that a lesser-known Provincetown artist, Edith Lake Wilkinson, was making white-line prints in 1913, a year earlier than Nordfeldt's first known efforts.[5] Blanche Lazzell is said to have mastered the technique.[3]

Agnes Weinrich, Broken Fence, a white-line woodblock made in or before 1917; at left: the woodblock itself; at right: a print pulled from the woodblook.

Other artists in the group included Ethel Mars, Ada Gilmore, Mildred McMillen, Maud Hunt Squire, Ellen Ravenscroft, Karl Knaths, Juliette S. Nichols, Agnes Weinrich, Tod Lindenmuth[6][2][1] Ferol Sibley Warthen, Marguerite Thompson Zorach and William Zorach.[7][8] Edna Boies Hopkins, a friend of Squires and Mars from the Art Academy of Cincinnati, also visited the community.[9][6]

Bill Evaul, a writer for Print Review in the late 1970s, was asked to write an article about "printmaking in Provincetown", but by that time many of the artists were no longer alive. Through research with Myron Stout and meeting with some surviving members, like Ferol Sibley Warthen, he learned the history about the Provincetown Print and later learned how to create works of art with the technique. Since then, he has promoted the white line woodcut technique in his historical research paper "Provincetown Printers: Genesis of a Unique Woodcut Tradition", taught and lectured about the technique, and has created and shown his version of the Provincetown Prints in exhibits.[10]

An exhibit of 75 works of art from this group was held at the Smithsonian American Art Museum from September 9, 1983 to January 8, 1984.[2][11]

This technique is continued today by the Australian artist Cressida Campbell.

## See also

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* Provincetown Art Association and Museum
* Ella Sophonisba Hergesheimer
* Mary Tannahill
* Anna Heyward Taylor
* Cressida Campbell

## References

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1. ^ a b Burchard, Hank (9 September 1983). "A Vibrant Legacy of Forgotten Artists". Washington Post. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
2. ^ a b c "Provincetown Printers/A Woodcut Tradition". Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved February 2, 2017.
3. ^ a b "White Line: Blanche Lazzell and the Provincetown Printers". Swann Galleries News. 3 September 2014. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
4. ^ "Provincetown Prints". Steven Thomas, Inc. - Fine Arts and Antiques. Retrieved February 2, 2017.
5. ^ Landrigan, Leslie (26 July 2020). "Discovery in the Attic: The Lost Work of Provincetown Artist Edith Lake Wilkinson". New England Historical Society. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
6. ^ a b Moffett, Ross (1989). Art in narrow streets : the first thirty-three years of the Provincetown Art Association. Provincetown: Cape Cod Pilgrim Memorial Association. p. 14\. ISBN 0-945135-02-5. OCLC 26262253.
7. ^ Flint, Janet Altic (1983). Provincetown Printers: A Woodcut Tradition. Provincetown, MA; Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press for National Museum of American Art.
8. ^ Lewis, Jo Ann (5 January 1984). "Woodcut Traditions". Washington Post. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
9. ^ Dominique H. Vasseur (2007). Edna Boies Hopkins: Strong in Character, Colorful in Expression. Ohio University Press. p. 2\. ISBN 978-0-8214-1769-0.
10. ^ Steve Desroches (September 5, 2012). "Bill Evaul: The Provincetown Printer". Provincetown Magazine. Retrieved February 2, 2017.
11. ^ Burchard, Hank (September 9, 1983). "A Vibrant Legacy of Forgotten Artists". The Washington Post.

## External links

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* How to make a Provincetown Print (video)

42°03′29″N 70°10′44″W﻿ / ﻿42.058°N 70.179°W﻿ / 42.058; -70.179

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American woodblock printmakers

Provincetown
Printers|

* Ada Gilmore (1883–1955)
* Ella Sophonisba Hergesheimer (1873–1943)
* Mabel Hewit (1903–1984)
* Edna Boies Hopkins (1872–1937)
* Blanche Lazzell (1878–1956)
* Karl Knaths (1891–1971)
* Ethel Mars (1876–ca. 1956)
* Mildred McMillen (1884–1940)
* Bror Julius Olsson Nordfeldt (1878–1955)
* Maud Hunt Squire (1873–1954)
* Mary Tannahill (1863–1951)
* Anna Heyward Taylor (1879–1956)
* Ferol Sibley Warthen (1890–1986)
* Agnes Weinrich (1873–1946)
* William Zorach (1887–1966)

Studied
in Japan|

* Charles W. Bartlett (1860–1940)
* Sarah Brayer (born 1957)
* Elizabeth Eaton Burton (1869–1937)
* Daniel Kelly (born 1947)
* Yasuhide Kobashi (1931–2003)
* Bertha Lum (1869–1954)
* Lilian May Miller (1895–1943)
* Hiroki Morinoue (born 1947)
* Chiura Obata (1885–1975)
* Masami Teraoka (born 1936)

Other|

* Howard Albert (1911–2004)
* Katrina Andry (born 1981)
* John E. Buck (born 1946)
* Arthur Wesley Dow (1857–1922)
* Janet Doub Erickson (born 1924)
* Charles Buckles Falls (1874–1960)
* Frances Gearhart (1869–1959)
* May Gearhart (1872–1951)
* Norma Bassett Hall (1889–1957)
* James D. Havens (1900–1960)
* Helen West Heller (1872–1955)
* Helen Hyde (1868-1919)
* Dennis Ichiyama (living person)
* Tom Killion (artist) (born 1953)
* Paul Landacre (1893–1963)
* J. J. Lankes (1884–1960)
* Holly Meade (1956–2013)
* Mabel Pugh (1891–1986)
* William S. Rice (1873–1963)
* Brian Shure (born 1952)
* Margaret Ely Webb (1877–1965)

Instructors|

* Arthur Wesley Dow (1857–1922)
* Chiura Obata (1885–1975)
* William S. Rice (1873–1963)
* Brian Shure (born 1952)

Related
topics|

* Conservation and restoration of woodblock prints
* The Japanese Art Society of America
* Japonism
* Ukiyo-e
* White-line woodcut
* Woodcut

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