Provisional Consultative Assembly

Governmental organ of Free France

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Provisional Consultative Assembly

Assemblée consultative provisoire

French Committee of National Liberation
History
Established| 3 November 1943
Disbanded| 3 August 1945
Leadership

President

Félix Gouin
since Ordinance of the French Committee of National Liberation

The Provisional Consultative Assembly (French: Assemblée consultative provisoire, [asɑ̃ble kɔ̃syltativ pʁɔvizwaʁ]) was a governmental organ of Free France that operated under the aegis of the French Committee of National Liberation (CFLN) and that represented the resistance movements, political parties, and territories that were engaged against Germany in the Second World War alongside the Allies.

Established by ordinance on 17 September 1943 by the CFLN, it held its first meetings in Algiers, at the Palais Carnot (the former headquarters of the Financial Delegations), between 3 November 1943 and 25 July 1944. On 3 June 1944, it was placed under the authority of the Provisional Government of the French Republic (GPRF), which succeeded the CFLN. Restructured and expanded after the liberation of France, it held sessions in Paris at the Palais du Luxembourg between 7 November 1944 and 3 August 1945.

## Background

[edit]

Charles de Gaulle addresses the first session of the Provisional Consultative Assembly in Algiers on 3 November 1943.

In North Africa, where most of the population had been gained at the expense of Pétain and Vichy and where the administration, the army, the censors and the press were full of Pétainists, Charles de Gaulle and the French Committee of National Liberation were frequently challenged by British and American diplomats about their legitimacy as local representatives.

Consequently, it was deemed important to nourish in the colonies the anti-Vichy sentiment which was stifled in France: hostility to the German occupiers and their collaborators. It was necessary to bring out representatives of the resistance and all parties and unions uncompromised by collaborationism.[1][2][3][4]

## Representative body

[edit]

In order to ensure the best possible representation of the French people, four categories of members were assigned as delegates to the Consultative Assembly: delegates from the Resistance in metropolitan France, from the overseas Resistance, from the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, and from the General Councils of territories of Free France (Algeria and overseas territories). Their numbers were modified over the course of the sessions. The ordinance of 6 December 1943, increased the delegation from 84 to 102 representatives. Lists and directories drawn up according to the minutes of the Assembly[2][1] registered deaths, as well as new or departing members[clarify], which makes it difficult to ascertain the exact number of delegates present[5] in Algiers until July 1944.

After the Provisional Government (GPFR) was transferred to Paris, the number of delegates and the composition of the Consultative Assembly were profoundly modified, in an ordinance of 11 October 1944.[a] By an ordinance of 11 October 1944, the number of delegates was fixed at 248; they were seated from 7 November 1944. The ordinance of 22 June 1945 added a fifth category of membership, reserved for prisoners and deportees returning from Germany: 47 members were appointed in July. They were seated for only a short time, the provisional assembly breaking up on 3 August 1945 to make way for the institutional process of electing constituent deputies. At that point the assembly had 295 members.[b]

## Portfolio

[edit]

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### Legislative

[edit]

* Consultations at the initiative of the French Committee of National Liberation (CFLN):
* The CFLN was required to consult the Assembly on its draft ordinances.
* The opinions of the Assembly had to be mentioned in the references of the adopted texts.
* Consultations at the initiative of the Assembly (Opinions)
* The opinions initiated by the assembly, by 2/3 of its members, were to be mentioned in the references of the reform proposals addressed to the CFLN.

### Political

[edit]

During the interventions of the commissioners (ministers) before the Assembly, it was possible for Assembly members to question and challenge them. In this way, the Assembly created a political pressure center on the committee. Thus, even though it was composed of appointed members and was purely consultative, the assembly demonstrated great independence, as well as a strong capacity for criticism and pressure on the CFLN.

## Entry into service

[edit]

The Consultative Assembly held its first session at the Palais Carnot in Algiers on 3 November 1943. The first consequence of its inauguration was a reconstitution of the French National Liberation Committee (CFLN) on 9 November 1943, taking into account the distribution of the different groups in the Assembly, and also without General Henri Giraud, whose co-presidency of the CFLN had been abolished by an order of 2 October 1943. General de Gaulle was thus in sole control. In this capacity, he addressed the inaugural session of the Assembly.[5]: 100–102 [6][clarification needed]

### Reestablishment of democratic principles

[edit]

In his speech, de Gaulle gave the body his imprimatur, as providing a means of representing the people of France as democratically and legally as possible under difficult and unparalleled circumstances, until such time as democracy could once again be restored:[6][5]: 100–102

> It would be futile, in the unprecedented circumstances in which the country finds itself at present, to seek a historical precedent for the creation of the Consultative Assembly, or legislative texts that could provide it with a strictly legal basis. The invasion and occupation destroyed the institutions that France had established for itself. That is why, although democracy can only be restored in its rights and forms in a liberated France, the Committee of National Liberation deemed it necessary, as soon as events permitted, to give to the provisional public authority as democratic a character as possible by calling for a Consultative Assembly to inform and support it, where representatives of the National Resistance stand side by side with elected representatives of the people, all with a qualified mandate.

> — Charles de Gaulle, speech to Consultative Assembly, Algiers (3 November 1943)[6]

As an indication of the importance he attached to it, de Gaulle participated in about twenty sessions of the Consultative Assembly in Algiers. On 26 June 1944, he came to report on the military situation after the D-Day landings, and on 25 July, he was present at its last session on African soil before its move to Paris.[5]: 100–102

## See also

[edit]

* Brazzaville Conference
* Allies of World War II
* Charles de Gaulle
* Clandestine press of the French Resistance
* Collaboration with the Axis Powers during World War II
* Empire Defense Council
* Foreign policy of Charles de Gaulle
* Foreign relations of Vichy France
* French Resistance
* French colonial empire
* French Fourth Republic
* French Third Republic
* German occupation of France
* Liberation of France
* List of French possessions and colonies
* List of governors-general of French Equatorial Africa
* Provisional Government of the French Republic
* Pursuit of Nazi collaborators
* Vichy France
* Zone libre

* France portal

## References

[edit]

Notes

1. ^ According to Emmanuel Choisnel, 60% of the delegates present in Algiers were seated in Paris.
2. ^ For the composition of the assembly and modifications see Choisnel (2007);[5]: 139, 157 for the list of delegates and their portfolio, see pp. 391-398.

Citations

1. ^ a b Gouriou, Anne-Marie; Salmon, Roseline. "Annexe du répertoire, Assemblée consultative provisoire (Alger)" [Appendix to the Directory, Provisional Consultative Assembly (Algiers)] (PDF) (in French).
2. ^ a b "Annexe du répertoire, Assemblée consultative provisoire (Paris)" [Appendix to the Directory, Provisional Consultative Assembly (Paris)] (PDF) (in French). Paris: Archives nationales [National Archives]. 2008.
3. ^ Journal officiel du 17 juillet 1945, liste des délégués présentés
4. ^ Werth, Alexander (1966). France, 1940-1955. Beacon Press.
5. ^ a b c d e Emmanuel Choisnel (2007). L'Assemblée consultative provisoire (1943-1945) Le sursaut républicain [The Provisional Consultative Assembly (1943-1945) The Republican Leap] (in French). Harmattan. p. 80\. ISBN 978-2-296-03898-1. OCLC 301791978. "En fait les 49 sièges dévolus à la résistance intérieure ne furent jamais intégralement pourvus" [In fact, the 49 seats allocated to the internal resistance were never fully filled] Note: The author puts the number of those present in Algiers at around 30.
6. ^ a b c de Gaulle, Charles (7 November 1993). "DATES IL Y A CINQUANTE ANS L'Assemblée consultative provisoire se réunissait à Alger" [Fifty Years Ago: The Provisional Consultative Assembly meets in Algiers]. Le Monde (in French). Paris. Retrieved 5 February 2021.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Broche, François; Caïtucoli, Georges; Muracciole, Jean-François; Jean-François Sirinelli (2010). Dictionnaire de la France libre. Bouquins (in French). Paris: Robert Laffont. ISBN 978-2-221-11202-1..
* Cartier, Emmanuel; Verpeaux, Michel (2005). La transition constitutionnelle en France (1940-1945) : la reconstruction révolutionnaire d'un ordre juridique " républicain ". Bibliothèque constitutionnelle et de science politique, 126 (in French). Paris: LGDJ. ISBN 978-2-275-02674-9..
* Emmanuel Choisnel, L'Assemblée consultative provisoire (1943-1945) Le sursaut républicain, Paris, L'Harmattan, 2007. 418 p. ISBN 978-2-296-03898-1
* Michèle Cointet, Histoire des 16. Les premières femmes parlementaires en France, Fayard, 2017. 211 p. ISBN 978-2-213-70515-6
* de Gaulle, Charles (1967). The Complete War Memoirs: Mémoires de Guerre of Charles de Gaulle. New York: Simon and Schuster. OCLC 460464678.
* Grenier, Fernand (1959). C'était ainsi: souvenirs (in French). Éditions sociales. OCLC 963364429.

## External links

[edit]

* Site de l'Assemblée nationale sur cette page d'histoire et ses membres
* Liste des membres des Assemblées consultatives provisoires

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Liberation of France

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Administration|

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French
campaign|

| Nov 1940|

* Battle of Gabon

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Jun 1941|

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Dec 1941|

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Sept 1943|

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Sept 1944|

* Liberation of Nancy
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Nov 1944 -
March 1945|

* Battle of Alsace
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Apr 1945|

* Atlantic pockets:
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May 1945|

* Atlantic pockets:
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Aftermath|

* End of Vichy
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Creation
and control|

* Charles de Gaulle during World War II
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Domestic
operations|

* Movements:
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* Networks:
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Underground
media|

* Bir-Hakeim [fr]
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Free
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Leaders|

* Charles de Gaulle
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Museums and
Memorials|

* Order of Liberation
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Aftermath|

* Chinese Civil War
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Participants|

| Allies|

* Algeria
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* Brazil
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* Canada
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* Denmark
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* Liberia
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* Romania (from August 1944)
* Sierra Leone
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* Soviet Union
* Tuva
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|

Axis|

* Albania protectorate
* Bulgaria (until September 1944)
* State of Burma
* Republic of China (Wang Jingwei)
* Independent State of Croatia
* Finland (until September 1944)
* German Reich
* Hungary
* Azad Hind
* Iraq
* Italy (until September 1943)
* Italian Social Republic
* Empire of Japan
* Manchukuo
* Mengjiang
* Philippines
* Romania (until August 1944)
* Slovak Republic
* Thailand
* Vichy France
* Guangzhouwan
* French Indochina
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* Syria–Lebanon
* French North Africa
* French West Africa
* Collaboration

Neutral|

* Afghanistan
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* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Tibet
* Turkey
* Vatican City
* Yemen

Resistance|

* Albania
* Austria
* Belgium
* Bulgaria
* Czech lands
* Denmark
* Dutch East Indies
* Estonia
* Ethiopia
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Hong Kong
* Italy
* Japan
* Jews
* Korea
* Korean Liberation Army
* Korean Volunteer Army
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malaya
* Netherlands
* Northeast China
* Norway
* Philippines
* Poland
* Romania
* Thailand
* Soviet Union
* Slovakia
* Western Ukraine
* Vietnam
* Quốc dân Đảng
* Viet Minh
* Yugoslavia

POWs|

* Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
* German prisoners
* Soviet Union
* Azerbaijan
* United States
* United Kingdom
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* Japanese prisoners
* Soviet Union
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* Soviet prisoners
* Finland
* atrocities by Germans
* Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
* Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union

Timeline|

| Prelude|

* Africa
* Second Italo-Ethiopian War
* Asia
* Second Sino-Japanese War
* Battles of Khalkhin Gol
* Europe
* Remilitarisation of the Rhineland
* Anschluss
* Munich Agreement
* Occupation of Czechoslovakia
* Operation Himmler
* Italian invasion of Albania

|

1939|

* Invasion of Poland
* Battle of the Atlantic
* Phoney War
* First Battle of Changsha
* Battle of South Guangxi
* Winter War
* 1939–1940 Winter Offensive

1940|

* Norwegian campaign
* German invasion of Denmark
* Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang
* German invasion of Luxembourg
* German invasion of the Netherlands
* German invasion of Belgium
* Battle of France
* Dunkirk evacuation
* Battle of Britain
* Battle of the Mediterranean
* North Africa
* West Africa
* British Somaliland
* Hundred Regiments Offensive
* Baltic states
* Eastern Romania
* Japanese invasion of French Indochina
* Italian invasion of Greece
* Compass

1941|

* Battle of South Henan
* Battle of Shanggao
* Invasion of Yugoslavia
* German invasion of Greece
* Battle of Crete
* Anglo-Iraqi War
* Battle of South Shanxi
* Syria–Lebanon campaign
* East African campaign
* Invasion of the Soviet Union
* Summer War
* Finland (Silver Fox)
* Lithuania
* Battle of Kiev
* Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
* Second Battle of Changsha
* Siege of Leningrad
* Battle of Moscow
* Bombing of Gorky
* Siege of Sevastopol
* Attack on Pearl Harbor
* Japanese invasion of Thailand
* Fall of Hong Kong
* Fall of the Philippines
* Battle of Guam
* Battle of Wake Island
* Malayan campaign
* Battle of Borneo
* Japanese invasion of Burma
* Third Battle of Changsha
* Greek famine of 1941–1944

1942|

* Fall of Singapore
* Battle of the Java Sea
* St Nazaire Raid
* Battle of Christmas Island
* Battle of the Coral Sea
* Battle of Madagascar
* Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
* Battle of Gazala
* Battle of Dutch Harbor
* Battle of Midway
* Aleutian Islands campaign
* Kiska
* Attu
* Blue
* First Battle of El Alamein
* Battle of Stalingrad
* Kokoda Track campaign
* Rzhev
* Jubilee
* Second Battle of El Alamein
* Guadalcanal campaign
* Torch
* Chinese famine of 1942–1943

1943|

* Black May
* Tunisian campaign
* Battle of West Hubei
* Battle of Attu
* Bombing of Gorky
* Battle of Kursk
* Allied invasion of Sicily
* Smolensk
* Solomon Islands campaign
* Cottage
* Battle of the Dnieper
* Allied invasion of Italy
* Armistice of Cassibile
* Burma
* Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
* Changde
* Second Battle of Kiev
* Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
* Tarawa
* Makin
* Bengal famine of 1943

1944|

* Tempest
* Monte Cassino / Anzio
* Korsun–Cherkassy
* Narva
* U-Go
* Imphal
* Ichi-Go
* Kohima
* Overlord
* Neptune
* Mariana and Palau
* Bagration
* Western Ukraine
* Second Battle of Guam
* Tannenberg Line
* Warsaw Uprising
* Eastern Romania
* Liberation of Paris
* Dragoon
* Gothic Line
* Belgrade offensive
* Battle of San Marino
* Lapland
* Market Garden
* Estonia
* Crossbow
* Pointblank
* Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945
* Philippines (1944–1945)
* Leyte
* Syrmian Front
* Hungary
* Budapest
* Burma (1944–1945)
* Ardennes
* Bodenplatte
* Dutch famine of 1944–1945

1945|

* Vistula–Oder
* Battle of Manila
* Battle of Iwo Jima
* Indochina
* Vienna offensive
* Project Hula
* Western invasion of Germany
* Bratislava–Brno offensive
* Battle of Okinawa
* Second Guangxi campaign
* West Hunan
* Italy (Spring 1945)
* Battle of Berlin
* Prague offensive
* Surrender of Germany
* document
* Borneo
* Taipei
* Naval bombardment of Japan
* Manchuria
* Atomic bombings
* Debate
* South Sakhalin
* Kuril Islands
* Shumshu
* Surrender of Japan
* Potsdam Declaration
* document
* End of World War II in Asia

* World portal
* Bibliography
* Category

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Governments in exile during World War II

Belgium|

* Prime Minister: Hubert Pierlot

Czechoslovakia|

* President: Edvard Beneš
Prime Minister: Jan Šrámek

France|

* Charles de Gaulle
* Henri Giraud
* French Committee of National Liberation (1943–1945)

Greece|

* King George II
Prime Minister: Emmanouil Tsouderos (1941–1944), Sofoklis Venizelos (1944), Georgios Papandreou (1944–1945)

Luxembourg|

* Grand Duchess Charlotte
Prime Minister: Pierre Dupong

Netherlands|

* Queen Wilhelmina
Prime Minister: Dirk Jan de Geer (1940), Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy (1940–1945)

Norway|

* King Haakon VII
Prime Minister: Johan Nygaardsvold

Poland|

* President: Władysław Raczkiewicz
Prime Minister: Władysław Sikorski (1939–1943), Stanisław Mikołajczyk (1943–1944), Tomasz Arciszewski (1944–1945)

Yugoslavia|

* King Peter II
Prime Minister: Dušan Simović (1941–1942), Slobodan Jovanović (1942–1943), Miloš Trifunović (1943), Božidar Purić (1943–1944), Ivan Šubašić (1944–1945)

Unrecognised or non-autonomous bodies|

* Austria
* Denmark
* Philippines
* Thailand

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Occupation of France and its colonies by the Axis powers

German occupation|

* Military Administration in France
* zone occupée/nord (1940–4)
* zone sud (1942–4)
* Belgium and Northern France
* Military Administration (1940–4)
* Reichskommissariat (1944)
* Alsace-Lorraine
* Gau Westmark
* Reichsgau Oberrhein
* Zone interdite
* Atlantic Wall coastal zone
* settlement zone
* French Tunisia

Italian occupation|

* Mainland France
* Corsica
* French Tunisia

Japanese occupation|

* French Indochina
* Cambodia

Thai occupation|

* Battambang and Sisophon (Cambodia) * Luang Prabang and Champasak (Laos)

See also|

* Vichy France
* Zone libre

36°45′14″N 3°03′32″E﻿ / ﻿36.7538°N 3.0588°E﻿ / 36.7538; 3.0588
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